DOCSLIB.ORG

Fossil Birds of the Oreana Local Fauna (Blancan), Owyhee County, Idaho

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fossil Birds of the Oreana Local Fauna (Blancan), Owyhee County, Idaho Great Basin Naturalist Volume 46 Number 4 Article 22 10-31-1986 Fossil birds of the Oreana local fauna (Blancan), Owyhee County, Idaho Jonathan J. Becker University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Becker, Jonathan J. (1986) "Fossil birds of the Oreana local fauna (Blancan), Owyhee County, Idaho," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 46 : No. 4 , Article 22. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol46/iss4/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. — FOSSIL BIRDS OF THE OREANA LOCAL FAUNA (BLANCAN), OWYHEE COUNTY, IDAHO Jonathan J. Becker Abstract. —The Oreana local fauna (Blancan) occurs in exposures of the Glenns Ferry Formation in Owyhee County, Idaho. Fossil birds present include Phalacrocorax cf. P. idahensis, Pelecanus cf. P. halieus, an indeterminate anatid, an indeterminate falconid, two species oiOtus, and a species oiColaptes larger than modern C. auratus that provides the earliest record of a colaptine woodpecker. = The Oreana local fauna is a Blancan ( ontology collections of the IMNH. Pliocene) assemblage of vertebrate fossils Measurements were made with Kanon dial from two localities in southwestern Idaho near calipers, accurate to 0.05 mm and rounded to the town of Oreana, Owyhee County (IMNH the nearest 0.1 mm. BMDP statistical soft- 74001 in Sec 25 and IMNH 74004 (=^IMNH ware program BMDPID was used to calculate 78031) in Sec 1, T4S, RIW; 43 degrees 02' N simple descriptive statistics (Dixon 1981). 24' Lat. , 116 degrees W Long. , Oreana Quad- Computations were made at the Northeast rangle, U.S. Geologic Survey 7.5 minute se- Regional Data Center (NERDC) at the Uni- ries topographical map, 1949). Fossils from versity of Florida, Gainesville. Anatomical both localities come from exposures of the terminology follows Baumel et al. (1979). Glenns Ferry Formation (Malde et al. 1963) (= Oreana Formation of Anderson 1965) and Systematic Paleontology correlate with the Hagerman local fauna, ap- Order Pelecaniformes Sharpe, 1891 proximately 75 miles to the east (Conrad Family Phalacrocoracidae (Bonaparte, 1853) 1980). Smith et al. (1982) discuss the bio- Genus Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 stratigraphy of fishes in this formation. Phalacrocorax ci P. idahensis {Mdrsh, 1870) IMNH 74001 has produced many thou- sands of complete, disarticulated skeletal ele- Material —IMNH 74001/26527, complete ments of fish, along with a few mammal and left carpometacarpus; IMNH 74004/30221, bird remains from thick lenses of fine sand proximal end of left ulna; 74004/30223, proxi- interbedded with clays. This locality possibly mal end of right ulna. Tentatively referred. represents a shoreline with swash accumula- 74004/30224, partial upper mandible; 74004/ tions (Schaeffer 1972). Vertebrate fossil re- 30222, proximal end of left ulna; 74001/30217, mains are much more rare from IMNH 74004. right scapula. More detailed information on each locality is Remarks. —Although originally described available from IMNH upon request. from the Hemphillian Chalk Hills Formation (Marsh 1870), this species is better known from the Blancan Hagerman local fauna (Wet- Materials and Methods more 1933, Brodkorb 1958, Murray 1970). Comparative material of modern species The referred upper mandible is short and examined is in collections of the American heavy, having a concave dorsal surface, char- Museum of Natural History (AMNH), the acteristic of the subgenus Phalacrocorax Idaho Museum of Natural History (IMNH), (Howard 1946). The ulnae are within the Pierce Brodkorb (PB), and the National Mu- range of P. idahensis or are slightly larger seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- (Murray 1970). tion (USNM). All fossil specimens from the The complete carpometacarpus is larger Oreana local fauna are in the vertebrate pale- than any reported by Murray (1970), eliminat- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 326U. Present address: Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20560. 763 764 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 46, No. 4 deviation Table 1. Measurements of humeri ofOtus asio . Data are mean ± standard (number) and observed range. Measurements are TWSHAFT, transverse width humeral shaft; DSHAFT, depth of humeral shaft; TWDIST trans- verse width of distal end of humerus; DDIST, depth of distal end of humerus. , . October 1986 BECKER: Idaho Fossil Birds 765 asio from the Hagerman local fauna. The Din-opium, and some species o{ Picoides); (6) above specimen may represent the same spe- interorbital constriction narrow (similar to cies. Celeus and Veniliornis ; wide in Campephilus, Dendrocopus, and Sphyrapicus; intermedi- Otus sp. (Kaup, 1852) ate in other genera examined); (7) narrow Material.—IMNH 74001/30216, nearly width between nares (similar to Melanerpes complete right tarsometatarsus with caudal and Dinopium, wide in Sphyrapicus, Den- portion of trochlea IV missing. drocopus, Picoides, Veniliornis, Camp- Description. —Similar in morphology to ephilus, and Chrysocolaptes ; intermediate in female O. flammeolus (USNM 554125) but other genera examined); (8) basisphenoid re- much smaller (skeletons of males of O. gion inflated (not inflated in Veniliornis, Dry- flammeolus unavailable). Caudal projection of ocopus, Ca^npephilus, or Chrysocolaptes , in- process on trochlea II more developed in fos- flated in other genera examined); and (9) otic sil. Calcaneal ridge not as inclined laterally. region inflated (not inflated in Veniliornis, Remarks. —The paucity of skeletons of Campephilus or Chrysocolaptes); inflated to modern species of small owls makes it impos- slightly inflated in other genera. sible to determine the exact systematic rela- Colaptes sp. tionships of this fossil specimen. Material.—IMNH 74001/30218, cranium Order Piciformes (Meyer and Wolf, 1810) lacking entire upper jaw, pterygoids, and Suborder Pici Meyer and Wolf, 1810 quadrates. Family Picidae Vigors, 1825 Description.—IMNH 30218 is distin- Subfamily Picinae (Vigors, 1825) guished from Colaptes auratus and C. Tribe Colaptini melanochloros by larger size; from C. campes- Genus Colaptes Vigors, 1826 tris by having a more developed postorbital Generic diagnosis. —The skull of Co- process and a deeper, well-defined temporal laptes may be distinguished from other gen- fossa; from C. pitius by having a more bulbous era of New World Picinae by the following prominentia cerebellaris and a more caudo- combination of characters: (1) Interorbital rostrally oriented temporal fossa; and from C. septum completely ossified (similar to Sphy- rupicola by being smaller and having more rapicus, Campethera, Piculus, Celeus, and distinct hyoid grooves. Colaptes { = Neso- all Dinopium ; incompletely ossified or perforate celeus) fernandinae is very distinct from in Xiphidiopicus, Dendrocopus, Picoides, Ve- other species of Colaptes . In this species the niliornis, Dryocopus, Campe-philus, Picus, dorsum of the skull is dimpled, hyoid grooves and Chrysocolaptes ; variable in species of deep, prominentia cerebellaris poorly devel- Melanerpes); (2) dorsal surface of brain case oped, and the nuchal crest is well developed. slightly dimpled (heavily dimpled in Dryoco- See Table 2 for measurements. pus, Campephilus, Picus, and Chrysoco- Remarks. —North American Neogene laptes; smooth in Melanerpes, Sphyrapicus woodpeckers include Palaeonerpes shorti and Xiphidiopicus, slightly dimpled in other Cracraft and Morony 1969, based on a single genera examined); (3) supraorbital ridge distal end of a tibiotarsus from deposits equiv- present (absent to slightly developed in alent to the upper part of the Valentine For- Melanerpes, Campethera, Dendrocopus, Pi- mation (early Clarendonian). Cracraft and cus, and Dinopium; present in other genera Morony (1969) suggest that the affinities of examined); (4) groove for hyoids present (simi- Palaeonerpes are likely to be with the lar to Campethera, Piculus, Dryocopus, melanerpine woodpeckers rather than with Campephilus, Picus, and Dinopium; absent to genera such as Dendrocopos, Dryocopus, or slightly developed in other genera examined); Colaptes (5) fi-ontals flat to concave (similar to Melaner- Pliopicus brodkorbi Feduccia and Wilson pes, Piculus, Celeus, Dryocopus, Camp- 1967, based on a single distal tarsometatarsus, Wa- ephilus, and Chrysocolaptes ; inflated and ex- is from the mid- to late Clarendonian panded to varying degrees in other genera keeney local fauna (late Miocene) from the examined, producing a distinct, midsagittal Ogallala Formation, Kansas. Feduccia and crest in Xiphidiopicus, Campethera, Picus, Wilson (1967) consider Pliopicus to be allied 766 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 46, No. 4 Table 2. Measurements of the crania of species oiColaptes. Data are mean, standard deviation, number measured, the caudal portion of the supraoccipital (Prominentia cerebellaris and observed range. LENGTH, greatest length from ) to the nasofrontal suture, measured on the midsagittal plane (Planum medianum), DEPTH, depth of skull from dorsal groove for the hyoid to the slight, anterioposteriorly oriented groove in the basitemporal, measured on the midsagittal plane; WIDTH, greatest transverse width brain case; W-TEMPORAL,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species Limits in Some Philippine Birds Including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes Lucidus
    FORKTAIL 27 (2011): 29–38 Species limits in some Philippine birds including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus N. J. COLLAR Philippine bird taxonomy is relatively conservative and in need of re-examination. A number of well-marked subspecies were selected and subjected to a simple system of scoring (Tobias et al. 2010 Ibis 152: 724–746) that grades morphological and vocal differences between allopatric taxa (exceptional character 4, major 3, medium 2, minor 1; minimum score 7 for species status). This results in the recognition or confirmation of species status for (inverted commas where a new English name is proposed) ‘Philippine Collared Dove’ Streptopelia (bitorquatus) dusumieri, ‘Philippine Green Pigeon’ Treron (pompadora) axillaris and ‘Buru Green Pigeon’ T. (p.) aromatica, Luzon Racquet-tail Prioniturus montanus, Mindanao Racquet-tail P. waterstradti, Blue-winged Raquet-tail P. verticalis, Blue-headed Raquet-tail P. platenae, Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail P. flavicans, White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon (smyrnensis) gularis (with White-breasted Kingfisher applying to H. smyrnensis), ‘Northern Silvery Kingfisher’ Alcedo (argentata) flumenicola, ‘Rufous-crowned Bee-eater’ Merops (viridis) americanus, ‘Spot-throated Flameback’ Dinopium (javense) everetti, ‘Luzon Flameback’ Chrysocolaptes (lucidus) haematribon, ‘Buff-spotted Flameback’ C. (l.) lucidus, ‘Yellow-faced Flameback’ C. (l.) xanthocephalus, ‘Red-headed Flameback’ C. (l.) erythrocephalus, ‘Javan Flameback’ C. (l.) strictus, Greater Flameback C. (l.) guttacristatus, ‘Sri Lankan Flameback’ (Crimson-backed Flameback) Chrysocolaptes (l.) stricklandi, ‘Southern Sooty Woodpecker’ Mulleripicus (funebris) fuliginosus, Visayan Wattled Broadbill Eurylaimus (steerii) samarensis, White-lored Oriole Oriolus (steerii) albiloris, Tablas Drongo Dicrurus (hottentottus) menagei, Grand or Long-billed Rhabdornis Rhabdornis (inornatus) grandis, ‘Visayan Rhabdornis’ Rhabdornis (i.) rabori, and ‘Visayan Shama’ Copsychus (luzoniensis) superciliaris.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Fact Sheet
    Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Fact Sheet Common Name: Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Scientific Name: Campephilus principalis Wild Status: Critically Endangered - heavily believed to be extinct Habitat: Pine Forests, thick hardwood swamp areas Country: Southeastern United States, and a subspecies native to Cuba Shelter: Trees Life Span: Unknown - some speculate up to 20 years or more Size: Weighs about 1 pound on average, total length roughly 20 inches, with a typical 30 inch wingspan Details The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is a very rare bird, native to the Southeast of the United States. They are one of the largest woodpeckers in the world, and noticeable by their distinct black and white pattern and red plumage near their head. Primarily due to habitat loss, as well as hunting to a lesser extent, the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is classified as critically endangered. However, many associations and biologists believe the species to be functionally extinct, as true sightings and evidence of living specimens has not been published in over 10 years. The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is believed to mate for life like many birds, and both parents would work together to create a nest for the young. Much of the woodpecker's diet consists of larvae and insects, as well as seeds and fruit. Cool Facts • They are sexually dimorphic - only the males have the red plumage on their head. • Four distinct vocal calls were noted in literature, and two of these calls were recorded in the 1930s. • While many unconfirmed reports still come in, this species was assessed as extinct in 1994. However, this was later altered to critically endangered on the belief that the species might have relocated from their native habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic and Transient Motions of Large Woodpeckers Michael D
    www.nature.com/scientificreports Correction: Publisher Correction OPEN Periodic and transient motions of large woodpeckers Michael D. Collins Two types of periodic and transient motions of large woodpeckers are considered. A drumming Received: 3 July 2017 woodpecker may be modeled as a harmonic oscillator with a periodic forcing function. The transient Accepted: 12 September 2017 behavior that occurs after the forcing is turned of suggests that the double knocks of Campephilus Published: xx xx xxxx woodpeckers may be modeled in terms of a harmonic oscillator with an impulsive forcing, and this hypothesis is consistent with audio and video recordings. Wingbeats are another type of periodic and transient motion of large woodpeckers. A model for the fap rate in cruising fight is applied to the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) and the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis). During a brief transient just after taking of, the wing motion and fap rate of a large woodpecker may not be the same as in cruising fight. These concepts are relevant to videos that contain evidence for the persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Drumming and wingbeats are two types of periodic motion of large woodpeckers. Tis paper discusses these behaviors and related transient motions that occur in evidence for the persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)1–3. Most woodpeckers signal by drumming, which consists of a rapid series of blows with the bill. Audio S1 contains four drumming events by nearby and distant Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus). Some members of the Campephilus genus do not engage in this type of drumming but instead signal with double knocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Evidence for Phylogenetic Relationships Among Woodpeckers
    ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS WILLIAM R. GOODGE ALT•tOUCr•the functionalanatomy of woodpeckershas long been a subjectof interest,their internal anatomyhas not been usedextensively for determiningprobable phylogeneticrelationships within the family. In part this is probablydue to the reluctanceto use highly adaptivefea- tures in phylogeneticstudies becauseof the likelihood of convergent evolution. Bock (1967) and othershave pointedout that adaptivehess in itself doesnot rule out taxonomicusefulness, and that the highly adaptivefeatures will probablybe the oneshaving conspicuous anatomical modifications,and Bock emphasizesthe need for detailedstudies of func- tion beforeusing featuresin studiesof phylogeny.Although valuable, functionalconclusions are often basedon inferencesnot backed up by experimentaldata. As any similaritybetween species is possiblydue to functionalconvergence, I believewhat is neededmost is detailedstudy of a numberof featuresin order to distinguishbetween similarities re- sultingfrom convergenceand thosebased on phylogenticrelationship. Simplestructures are not necessarilymore primitive and morphological trendsare reversible,as Mayr (1955) has pointedout. Individual varia- tion may occur and various investigatorsmay interpret structuresdif- ferently. Despite these limitations,speculation concerning phylogeny will continuein the future,and I believethat it shouldbe basedon more, rather than fewer anatomical studies. MATERIALS AND METItODS Alcoholic specimensrepresenting 33 genera
    [Show full text]
  • Woodpeckers White-Naped Tit Oriental White-Eye INDIAN BIRDS Vol
    INDIAN BIRDS Vol. 6 No. 1 Woodpeckers White-naped Tit Oriental White-eye INDIAN BIRDS Vol. 6 No. 1 Manufactures of electrical laminations & stampings Phones: 040-23312774, 23312768, 23312770, Fax: 040-23393985, Grams: PITTILAM Email: [email protected], Website: www.pittielectriclam.com Indian Birds Vol. 6 No. 1 ISSN 0973-1407 Editor Emeritus Zafar Futehally Editor Aasheesh Pittie Email: [email protected] Associate Editor Contents V. Santharam Editorial Board Woodpecker (Picidae) diversity in borer- Hoplocerambyx spinicornis infested sal Maan Barua Shorea robusta forests of Dehradun valley, lower western Himalayas Anwaruddin Choudhury Arun P. Singh 2 Bill Harvey Farah Ishtiaq Rajah Jayapal Observations on the White-naped Tit Parus nuchalis in Cauvery Madhusudan Katti Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka R. Suresh Kumar Taej Mundkur K. B. Sadananda, D. H. Tanuja, M. Sahana, T. Girija, A. Sharath, Rishad Naoroji M. K. Vishwanath & A. Shivaprakash 12 Suhel Quader Harkirat Singh Sangha Avifauna of Jagatpur wetland near Bhagalpur (Bihar, India) C. Sashikumar S. Subramanya Braj Nandan Kumar & Sunil K. Choudhary 15 K. Gopi Sundar Contributing Editors Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata nesting in Sonepat, Haryana, India Praveen J. Suresh C. Sharma & Jaideep Chanda 18 Ragupathy Kannan Lavkumar Khachar Thick-billed Green-Pigeon Treron curvirostra in Similipal Hills, Orissa: Contributing Photographer an addition to the avifauna of peninsular India Clement Francis Manoj V. Nair 19 Layout & Cover Design K. Jayaram Status of Lesser Florican Sypheotides indicus in Pratapgarh district, Office Rajasthan, India P. Rambabu Gobind Sagar Bhardwaj 20 Nest material kleptoparasitism by the Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus NEW ORNIS FOUNDATION S. S. Mahesh, L. Shyamal & Vinod Thomas 22 Registration No.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultimate Philippines
    The bizarre-looking Philippine Frogmouth. Check those eyes! (Dani Lopez-Velasco). ULTIMATE PHILIPPINES 14 JANUARY – 4/10/17 FEBRUARY 2017 LEADER: DANI LOPEZ-VELASCO This year´s Birdquest “Ultimate Philippines” tour comprised of the main tour and two post-tour extensions, resulting in a five-week endemics bonanza. The first three weeks focused on the better-known islands of Luzon, Palawan and Mindanao, and here we had cracking views of some of those mind-blowing, world´s must-see birds, including Philippine Eagle, Palawan Peacock-Pheasant, Wattled Broadbill and Azure- breasted Pitta, amongst many other endemics. The first extension took us to the central Visayas where exciting endemics such as the stunning Yellow-faced Flameback, the endangered Negros Striped Babbler or the recently described Cebu Hawk-Owl were seen well, and we finished with a trip to Mindoro and remote Northern Luzon, where Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker and Whiskered Pitta delighted us. 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Ultimate Philippines www.birdquest-tours.com Our success rate with the endemics– the ones you come to the Philippines for- was overall very good, and highlights included no less than 14 species of owl recorded, including superb views of Luzon Scops Owl, 12 species of beautiful kingfishers, including Hombron´s (Blue-capped Wood) and Spotted Wood, 5 endemic racket-tails and 9 species of woodpeckers, including all 5 flamebacks. The once almost impossible Philippine Eagle-Owl showed brilliantly near Manila, odd looking Philippine and Palawan Frogmouths gave the best possible views, impressive Rufous and Writhed Hornbills (amongst 8 species of endemic hornbills) delighted us, and both Scale-feathered and Rough-crested (Red-c) Malkohas proved easy to see.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Wildlife Species Diversity
    Evaluation Report: Terrestrial Wildlife Species Diversity Threatened & Endangered Species, and Species of Concern and Interest DRAFT: 8/2006 Prepared for: USDA Forest Service, Northern Region Clearwater National Forest 1 Evaluation Report: Terrestrial Wildlife Species Diversity Threatened & Endangered Species, and Species of Concern and Interest DRAFT: 8/2006 Executive Summary concern or potential species of interest were dropped from further consideration based on The Clearwater National Forest supports this identification and screening criteria. many rare and uncommon species, as well as more familiar species within the Northern As per direction in 43.24 the remaining Region. species were grouped into landform-based and other habitat groups. No surrogate A multi-step process was developed by the species were identified. Northern Region Wildlife Revision Team to provide a consistent context and sequence, as Forest Plan components for species diversity per the interim planning directives, to are summarized by species. These plan identify and manage for terrestrial wildlife components address habitat related risk Species of Concern and potential Species of factors, specialized habitats, and rare or Interest (SOCI) until the release of the final unique species. The evaluation of plan planning directives. While this report follows components as per direction in 43.26 uses the sequence outlined in the Northern Region habitat and species information displayed in process, it primarily follows the direction previous sections, and summarizes short and established in the final planning directives long-term risks, as well as past, present and published in the Federal Register on January desired future conditions. 31, 2006. This assessment identifies information needs The identification of terrestrial wildlife to better understand the ecology and vertebrate and invertebrate species that occur distribution of certain terrestrial species.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodpeckers and Allies)
    Coexistence, Ecomorphology, and Diversification in the Avian Family Picidae (Woodpeckers and Allies) A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Matthew Dufort IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY F. Keith Barker and Kenneth Kozak October 2015 © Matthew Dufort 2015 Acknowledgements I thank the many people, named and unnamed, who helped to make this possible. Keith Barker and Ken Kozak provided guidance throughout this process, engaged in innumerable conversations during the development and execution of this project, and provided invaluable feedback on this dissertation. My committee members, Jeannine Cavender-Bares and George Weiblen, provided helpful input on my project and feedback on this dissertation. I thank the Barker, Kozak, Jansa, and Zink labs and the Systematics Discussion Group for stimulating discussions that helped to shape the ideas presented here, and for insight on data collection and analytical approaches. Hernán Vázquez-Miranda was a constant source of information on lab techniques and phylogenetic methods, shared unpublished PCR primers and DNA extracts, and shared my enthusiasm for woodpeckers. Laura Garbe assisted with DNA sequencing. A number of organizations provided financial or logistical support without which this dissertation would not have been possible. I received fellowships from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Graduate School Fellowship of the University of Minnesota. Research funding was provided by the Dayton Fund of the Bell Museum of Natural History, the Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the University of Minnesota Council of Graduate Students.
    [Show full text]
  • Comment on ''Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus Principalis)
    TECHNICAL COMMENT this conclusion rests on mistaken interpretations of the bird_s posture, that several features vis- ible in the video contradict identification as a Comment on ‘‘Ivory-billed Woodpecker typical ivory-billed woodpecker, and that other features support identification as a pileated wood- pecker. The assessment that follows is keyed to (Campephilus principalis) Persists in the labeled frames in Fitzpatrick et al._s sup- porting materials Efig. S3 in (1)^. Continental North America’’ Size and wing pattern at rest. Fitzpatrick et al. assume that the bird was positioned ver- David A. Sibley,1* Louis R. Bevier,2 Michael A. Patten,3 Chris S. Elphick4 tically on the trunk with its wings more or less folded in frames 33.3 and 50 (Fig. 1A). Our ex- We reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus amination of specimens and photographs in- principalis) persists in Arkansas (Fitzpatrick et al., Reports, 3 June 2005, p. 1460). None of the dicates that a typical ivory-billed woodpecker features described as diagnostic of the ivory-billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated in that position would exhibit considerably less woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). Although we support efforts to find and protect ivory-billed white and more black than is shown in these woodpeckers, the video evidence does not demonstrate that the species persists in the frames (Fig. 1). In our analysis [supporting on- United States. line material (SOM) text], these frames show a bird that has already opened its wings in flight, he ivory-billed woodpecker has re- the pattern of reported observations over the exposing the underside of a fully spread right ceived considerable attention following past few decades (5–8).
    [Show full text]
  • Red List of Bangladesh 2015
    Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Species Account from the Threatened Birds of the Americas
    IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER Campephilus principalis E/Ex4 The North American population of this large, low-density woodpecker is very probably extinct, and the most recent evidence suggests that there is almost as little hope for the Cuban form, which was last reported in 1987 or 1988 with glimpses in 1991, despite much intensive searching in the Sierra de Moa, the area to which it finally retreated in the course of this century; destruction of its virgin forest habitat, of which each pair evidently needed very large amounts, is chiefly to blame for the loss of the species. DISTRIBUTION The Ivory-billed Woodpecker formerly occurred throughout the south-east U.S.A. (nominate principalis) and Cuba (race bairdii; see Remarks 1), but is now virtually or actually extinct in both countries, although evidence for its survival in Cuba is far more recent; for this reason, the following account principally treats the Cuban form, the North American race being judged probably extinct and not to be covered in detail here. U.S.A. Ivory-bills once ranged through the south-east of the country from south-east North Carolina, southern Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida peninsula, with populations disappearing (as a result of forest destruction, but compounded by commercial collecting, which eliminated certain populations) from the northern and western extremities of its range before 1885, from most of Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama between 1885 and 1900, and from most of Florida, eastern Texas and Louisiana by 1930 (King 1978-1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus Principalis)
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Plan for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) I Recovery Plan for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) April, 2010 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Approved: Regional Director, Southeast Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Date: II Disclaimer Notice of Copyrighted Material Cover Illustration Credit: Recovery Plans delineate Permission to use copyrighted A male Ivory-billed Woodpecker reasonable actions that are illustrations and images in the at a nest hole. (Photo by Arthur believed to be required to final version of this recovery plan Allen, 1935/Copyright Cornell recover and/or protect listed has been granted by the copyright Lab of Ornithology.) species. Plans published by holders. These illustrations the U.S. Fish and Wildlife are not placed in the public Service (Service) are sometimes domain by their appearance prepared with the assistance herein. They cannot be copied or of recovery teams, contractors, otherwise reproduced, except in state agencies, and other affected their printed context within this and interested parties. Plans document, without the consent of are reviewed by the public and the copyright holder. submitted for additional peer review before the Service adopts Literature Citation Should Read them. Objectives will be attained as Follows: and any necessary funds made U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. available subject to budgetary 200x. Recovery Plan for the and other constraints affecting Ivory-billed Woodpecker the parties involved, as well as the (Campephilus principalis). need to address other priorities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Recovery plans do not obligate Atlanta, Georgia.
    [Show full text]