Neurulation in the Chick Embryo

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Neurulation in the chick embryo Database Info: Image by: Kathryn Tosney Organism: Chicken CoRe Topic: Organogenesis, Morphogenesis CoRe Subtopic: To be determined Education: Undergraduate, Graduate Keywords: neurulation, neural folds, neural tube, neural plate, chick, convergence, neural tube defects, convergent extension, involution Description: Scanning electron microscopy of chick neurulation. Transverse section of a one‐day chick embryo undergoing neural fold convergence. Brief Entry: Neurulation Neurulation is the process through which the neural ectoderm or neural plate forms the neural tube. The neural tube is critical in vertebrate development as it forms brain and spinal cord. The morphogenic movements of neurulation, as well as their timing, vary across species. In the chick, neural plate bending is initiated at the future midbrain level and progresses both rostrally and caudally along the neural axis simultaneously. As the neural plate bends, its lateral edges rise, forming the elevating neural folds. Neural folds converge and fuse at the midline, forming the neural tube. This process, called primary neurulation, characterizes the rostral or anterior portion of the chick embryo. In the caudal or posterior portion of the chick embryo, the neural tube forms by a different process, secondary neurulation. In this process, the neural ectoderm condenses to form a solid rod called the medullary cord that then hollows out to form a tube. Despite their different origins, anterior and posterior portions of the neural tube then fuse to form one continuous tube. Birds, amphibians, and mammals undergo both primary and secondary neurulation. In fish (teleosts), secondary neurulation characterizes the entire length of the neural axis. Both halves of the neural plate converge at the midline to form a solid neural keel and then a neural rod. The neural rod rapidly hollows out to form the neural tube. References: 1. Colas, J. F., & Schoenwolf, G. C., Towards a cellular and molecular understanding of neurulation. Developmental Dynamics 221, 117‐145 (2001) 2. Papan C., & Campos‐Ortega, J. A., On the formation of the neural keel and neural tube in the zebrafish Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. Developmental Biology 203, 178‐186 (1994) Back to SDB CoRe Page Back to SDB Homepage .

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Works Neuroembryology
Swarthmore College Works Biology Faculty Works Biology 1-1-2017 Neuroembryology D. Darnell Scott F. Gilbert Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-biology Part of the Biology Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation D. Darnell and Scott F. Gilbert. (2017). "Neuroembryology". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology. Volume 6, Issue 1. DOI: 10.1002/wdev.215 https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-biology/493 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Wiley Interdiscip Manuscript Author Rev Dev Manuscript Author Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2017 January ; 6(1): . doi:10.1002/wdev.215. Neuroembryology Diana Darnell1 and Scott F. Gilbert2 1University of Arizona College of Medicine 2Swarthmore College and University of Helsinki Abstract How is it that some cells become neurons? And how is it that neurons become organized in the spinal cord and brain to allow us to walk and talk, to see, recall events in our lives, feel pain, keep our balance, and think? The cells that are specified to form the brain and spinal cord are originally located on the outside surface of the embryo. They loop inward to form the neural tube in a process called neurulation.
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