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The in letter the
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52,
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Nikius fourth considers structure
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kings.
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451. abruptly
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Ethiopia.
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Ethiopian
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an Axum
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interests.
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Historia
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Historia’s had
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line
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207
the whose
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70
the
Hanberry
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Axumite successors Frumentius The
he Munro Honorius approve
relatives
more church.
seems
evidence
western choice
Ethiopians
Ethiopian
throughout look
the court
during antiquity
the
Alexandria, Chalcedon,
professed
number hagiography.25
religion a
dynasty,
between
23 Honorius Christian
fifth in century
the 25 evidence Ethiopian
evidence claims neglect? evidence these gradual presumably personal in retribution religious victorious.
stray the account. perception story late himself to was the launched Caleb, patriarch communication imperial
Publications, 27 2$ the 29Andas/Andug king
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30 31 Ps.-Dionysius
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Kobishchanov See
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despite
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Amida, family
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citing several might more the
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The
numismatic the
us
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king general
323 Another
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of letter getting
of
know Ethiopian
invasion
turned of
quite for
Justin,
brother he possibility
Emperor,27 ground sent prior
provides
possible
There
Tel-Mahre,
evidence
from the
the
of
this dawn arms
was
concocting ibid. of
triggered interactions
during the of
letter
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fifth
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J.B.
merchants
Arabian
relations
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embrace period
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John Christianity,
Later
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peninsula.
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late problems
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work
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top
Roman
retribution Malalas, Witakowski, on an
for
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discussed
rulers.
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raised
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v.2,
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at
his religion.
man
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54-56,
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directs of
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move late
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is
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322f.
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An former peninsula,
This
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crown name.33
reasoned
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to
relations
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Byzantine
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Empire, Paul Persian
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to
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1985)
share light
proposal,
translation
the
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interests
Persian the
is
get
nile blow.35 with the put
to
God.”
exact
the
to Justinian’s
and nature.
only Procopius,
disguised silk
to
to
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problems
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Indian
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Kebra
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s
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Ethiopians”
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such
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eschatological
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hand
advantage Justinian
letter the
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on
invade
Ethiopia
even
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Justin
desert was an
of
Abraham both
LXX.1. will
for
have
into (Berkeley: of
Atzbeha
to
fellow
88-89, the Ethiopian
put
sent
Atzbeha likely
the
Justinian,
the Arabian progresses.32
overlords
back.”38
had
king
kingdom
interests ally
been that
meets
Ela the
Wars
significance
historians
Interestingly,
Ela
stories
period
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had
Arabia,
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History of
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emperor.
civilians.
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Contained to I.XX.12. L)OC.3. I.XX.13.
the 104.
consider
of Justinian
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of
Sources overcome.36
in
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name
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154.
The 86. and
resemblance
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The
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work
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to
Procopius, their
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Byzantine
Ethiopian
Alexandria...
See
Munro
Procopius 72 Munro
Procopius Procopius
marked
Christian commercial
clear interventionist successor,
Axum
began
by far puppet
before.34 encouraging Justiman
could that Arabia distracting
diplomatic blend
able heart
slave.37
Ethiopian
where
and
Emperor
know
of
32Muaro
Sepulchre a
and The Brooks, symbolism
discussion
‘ perhaps,
apparent a with Byzantine time, Byzantium and independent the contact Ethiopian Ethiopian Byzantine stability. beyond
forged realizable an bothered. or
predecessor, much influence
beginning that against exaggerating, which borders convincing
Egypt an
40
sufficient remain Cairns,
B.
disaster.
Without Koran
R.
See Cosmas
explanation
Constantinople,
Franklin,
anonymous Egyptian
clay-stones”.39
the
C. were
for
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The
from
and In
for a farther Ezana
1983) In Blockley,
Roman
the
on
miracle
105.3, of
part
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text For
diplomatic had
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1967)
victory,
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2:2
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19
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The in
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Rome born seems recording
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On
its connected
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theoretically point
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Although the
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Topography
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Interestingly,
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Blemmyes
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Roman
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41 in
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merchants Ethiopia” that Finally,
35,
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See
Munro Kobishchanov
74 Olympiodorus Cosmas
Cosmas
To Ethiopian all, been The centuries of
Rome Ethiopia. freed itself.46 from growth
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mining it trade destination via assure military
worthy
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46
50Munro ‘
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52
De deserts
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