30 June 2013
Refugee Documentation Centre
Country Information Pack
SUDAN
Disclaimer Country Information Packs (CIPs) are prepared by researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Refugee Documentation Centre within time constraints. CIPs contain a selection of representative links to sources under a number of categories for use as Country of Origin Information. Please note that CIPs are not, and do not purport to be, exhaustive with regard to conditions in the countries surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or protection. The General Human Rights Reports category contains links to information which may be useful for a number of the other categories.
List of contents:
Asylum Seekers/IDPs/Internal Flight Conflict/Security Crime/Corruption Education General Human Rights Reports Government/Civil Society/Legal Systems Health Local Information/Languages/Culture/Customs Maps Minorities/Ethnic Groups Nationality/Citizenship/Residency Political Press/Media/Freedom of Expression Prisons/Detention/Torture/Slavery Religion/Cults State Protection
1 Women/Children/Family
List of Documents
1. Nationality/Citizenship/Residency
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 February 2007) SDN102442.E– Sudan: Passport issuance and renewal procedures (2007) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450949&l=e
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 February 2007) SDN102443.E – Sudan: Information on the various identity documents in Sudan and the names of the agencies that issue them http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450950&l=e
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (26 February 2007) SDN102444.E – Sudan: Documentation required and procedures to be followed by a parent wishing to travel abroad with a minor child in the absence or without the consent of the other parent http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450951&l=e
Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) (5 January 2009) Documents in Somalia and Sudan http://www.landinfo.no/asset/769/1/769_1.pdf
Republic of the Sudan (6 July 2005) Interim National Constitution of the Republic of the Sudan, 2005 http://www.refworld.org/cgi- bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&docid=4ba749762&skip=0&coi=SDN&querysi=c onstitution&searchin=title&sort=date
Republic of Sudan (31 December 2003) Laws Of The New Sudan: Nationality Act, 2003 http://www.refworld.org/docid/469e24992.html
REDRESS (March 2012) Criminal Justice and Human Rights: An agenda for effective human rights protection in Sudan's new constitution http://www.refworld.org/docid/5064158b2.html
2. Maps
Ethnologue Languages of the World (2013) Map of Sudan http://www.ethnologue.com/map/SD
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (undated) Digital Map Archive - Fuzzy Gazetteer
2 http://dma.jrc.it/services/common/xsltransform.asp?xsl=fuzzyG2html.xsl&xml=http://d ma.jrc.it/fuzzyg/xml/?fuzzy=0!start=0!end=10!q=
Map of world (undated) Sudan Map http://www.mapsofworld.com/sudan/
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (30 May 2012) Sudan: Administrative Map (May 2012) http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1338904045_su04-sudan-20map-a3-06-may- 2012-0.pdf
3. Local Information/Language/Culture/Customs
BBC News (14 March 2013) Sudan profile http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094995
Central Intelligence Agency (10 June 2013) The World Factbook – Sudan https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html
Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland) (31 May 2013) Travel Advice: Sudan http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=8591
Ethnologue Languages of the World (2013) Languages of Sudan http://www.ethnologue.com/country/SD/languages
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (7 June 2013) Travel Advice and Advisories for Sudan http://travel.gc.ca/destinations/sudan
Fund for Peace (August 2012) Country Profile: Sudan http://www.fundforpeace.org/global/states/ccppr12sd-countryprofile-sudan-08b.pdf
Library of Congress (December 2004) Country Profile: Sudan http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Sudan.pdf
Sudan Net (undated) Your Complete Guide on Sudan http://www.sudan.net/
United Kingdom Foreign & Commonwealth Office (6 June 2013) Sudan Travel Advice https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sudan
United States Department of State (30 January 2013) Sudan Country Specific Information http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1029.html
4. General Human Rights Reports
3 African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS) (March 2013) Sudan Human Rights Monitor: October 2012 – February 2013 http://www.acjps.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/SHRM_October_February.pdf
Amnesty International (23 May 2013) Annual Report 2013 - Sudan http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/sudan/report-2013
Amnesty International (22 June 2013) Sudan: Human rights situation continues to deteriorate http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/026/2012/en/b6da4602-270d-4207- 9292-f23917815f1b/afr540262012en.pdf
Freedom House (24 May 2013) Freedom in the World 2013 – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a75ecba.html
Human Rights Watch (31 January 2013) World Report 2013 – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/510fb4cec.html
UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office (31 March 2013) Human Rights and Democracy: The 2012 Foreign & Commonwealth Office Report - Section IX: Human Rights in Countries of Concern – Sudan http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/244451/354299_en.html
UK Home Office (Border Agency) (11 September 2012) Republic of Sudan: Country of Origin Information (COI) Report http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/coi/sudan1/ sudan-report.pdf?view=Binary
UN Human Rights Council (27 August 2012) Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan, Mashood A. Baderin http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1346844354_a-hrc-21-62-en.pdf
US Department of State (19 April 2013) 2012 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/517e6dd2f.html
5. Conflict/Security
Blue Nile State and Southern Kordofan
Agence France Presse (20 June 2013) Sudan: Rebels barring access to Sudan conflict zones: UN http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-584289.pdf
Amnesty International (11 June 2013) 'We had no time to bury them': War crimes in Sudan's Blue Nile state http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/011/2013/en/96b0c8a7-55aa-4f04- 8ab7-cf85ce3e4c8f/afr540112013en.pdf
4 Amnesty International (17 April 2013) Sudan: Civilians Caught In Unending Crisis In Southern Kordofan http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/009/2013/en/57b54a77-51d9-42a8- b4da-35e10ca33e8d/afr540092013en.pdf
Amnesty International (11 December 2012) Sudan’s civilians in crisis: Indiscriminate attacks and arbitrary arrests pervade Southern Kordofan http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/051/2012/en/d84e4390-2032-4def- b39e-b379cf247d08/afr540512012en.pdf
Amnesty International (16 February 2012) Sudan: End bombings and allow humanitarian access into conflict regions http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/sudan-end-bombings-and-allow-humanitarian- access-conflict-regions-2012-02-16
Amnesty International (30 August 2011) Sudan: Southern Kordofan Civilians Tell of Air Strike Horror http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/028/2011/en/6c8b872b-50a5-4ee3- 8e3e-4a324d702814/afr540282011en.pdf
Center for Strategic & International Studies (10 August 2011) The Forgotten Conflict in Southern Kordofan http://csis.org/publication/forgotten-conflict-southern-kordofan
Enough Project and the Satellite Sentinel Project (March 2013) Architects of Atrocity: The Sudanese Government’s War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, and Torture in South Kordofan and Blue Nile States http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Architects_of_Atrocity.pdf
Human Rights Watch (11 December 2012) Under Siege: Indiscriminate Bombing and Abuses in Sudan’s Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan1212webwcover_0.pdf
International Crisis Group (18 June 2013) Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (II): War in Blue Nile http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/204-sudans- spreading-conflict-ii-war-in-blue-nile.pdf
International Crisis Group (14 February 2013) Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (I): War in South Kordofan http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/198-sudans- spreading-conflict-i-war-in-south-kordofan.pdf
International Crisis Group (29 November 2013) Sudan: Major Reform Or More War http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/194-sudan- major-reform-or-more-war.pdf
Inter Press Service (3 May 2013) Sudanese Rebels Prepare for War http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/sudanese-rebels-prepare-for-war/#
5 IRIN News (13 September 2012) Sudan-South Sudan: Hamis Hamadin Isa Zaag, “They were killing everyone” http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=96299
Signal Program on Human Security and Technology (21 May 2013) Sudan: Anatomy of a Conflict http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Sudan%20Anatomy%20of%20a %20Conflict_Signal.pdf
Small Arms Survey (March 2013) New war, old enemies: Conflict dynamics in South Kordofan http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/working-papers/HSBA-WP29- S.Kordofan.pdf
UN General Assembly (27 February 2013) Written statement submitted by the Al Zubair Charity Foundation, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status - Violation of the rebel movement in the abduction and recruitment of children in South Kordfan and Blue Nile http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1363015824_g1311560.pdf
Darfur
Agence France Presse (30 May 2013) Sudan: Tribal clashes kill 64 in Sudan's Darfur: police http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-579574.pdf
Agence France Presse (25 February 2013) Sudan: Darfur tribal fighting 'killed 510' in 7 weeks http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-558802.pdf
Agence France Presse (22 February 2013) Sudan: Facts about war-ravaged Darfur http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-558349.pdf
Amnesty International (28 March 2013) 10 Years On: Violations Remain Widespread in Darfur http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/007/2013/en/9233d37f-a7da-45d5- 9e34-d4523289fb88/afr540072013en.pdf
Amnesty International (30 January 2013) Darfur: Government forces involved in gold mine attacks http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/darfur-government-forces-involved-gold-mine- attacks-2013-01-30-0
Amnesty International (9 February 2012) Sudan: No End to Violence in Darfur Arms Supplies Continue Despite Ongoing Human Rights Violations http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/007/2012/en/c1037da2-0f54-4343- 8325-461d80e751c2/afr540072012en.pdf
BBC News (31 May 2013) Sudan clashes over gum arabic in Darfur http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22728071?print=true
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BBC News (23 May 2013) Darfur conflict displaces 300,000 in five months – UN http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22649076?print=true
BBC News (29 April 2013) Darfur conflict: Sudan's bloody stalemate http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22336600?print=true
Caritas Internationalis (9 May 2013) Sudan: A decade in Darfur: Healing relationships http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-574965.pdf
Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI) (March 2012) CORI Thematic Report Darfur http://www.refworld.org/docid/500eca432.html
Enough Project and the Satellite Sentinel Project (May 2013) Darfur’s Gold Rush: State-Sponsored Atrocities 10 Years After the Genocide http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Darfur_Gold_Rush.pdf
Guardian UK (30 August 2012) Sudan's Darfur region still living through troubled times http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/aug/30/sudan-darfur-region- troubled-times/print
Human Rights Watch (6 June 2011) Darfur in the Shadows: The Sudanese Government’s Ongoing Attacks on Civilians and Human Rights http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan0611ForWebUpload.pdf
IRIN News (19 April 2013) Renewed fighting worsens Darfur crisis http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97883
Radio Dabanga (18 June 2013) Sudan: Renewed Misseriya - Salamat violence in Central and South Darfur http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-583727.pdf
Radio Dabanga (18 June 2013) Sudan: 2013 ‘worst year for Darfur camps’: displaced association http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-583657.pdf
Radio Dabanga (29 May 2013) Sudan: Misseriya torch Salamat neighbourhood in Umm Dukhun, Central Darfur http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-579511.pdf
Reeves, Eric (15 April 2012) Obduracy at the New York Times: Refusal to Acknowledge Errors or Problems in the Representation of Realities in West Darfur http://www.sudanreeves.org/2012/04/15/obduracy-at-the-new-york-times-refusal- toacknowledge-errors-or-problems-in-the-representation-of-realities-in-west-darfur/
Reuters (31 May 2013) Darfur tribes clash over gum arabic production, 64 killed http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/05/30/sudan-darfur-idINDEE94T0FL20130530
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Small Arms Survey (September 2012) Business as usual: Arms flows to Darfur 2009–12 http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/issue-briefs/HSBA-IB-20- Arms-flows-to-Darfur-2009-12.pdf
Small Arms Survey (July 2012) Forgotten Darfur: Old Tactics and New Players http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/working-papers/HSBA-WP-28- Forgotten-Darfur.pdf
SUDO (UK) (19 June 2013) Sudan: Incident: Civilians killed by unknown armed group near Nyala, South Darfur http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-583767.pdf
UN Security Council (10 April 2013) Report of the Secretary-General on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1366191680_n1328232darfur.pdf
US Department of State (26 February 2013) Ten Years of War in Darfur http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/02/205233.htm
South Sudan
Amnesty International (28 June 2012) South Sudan: Overshadowed Conflict Arms Supplies Fuel Violations in Mayom County, Unity State http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR65/002/2012/en/67d8e84c-e990-42de- 9a99-1486aab18b1d/afr650022012en.pdf
Amnesty International (20 December 2011) Sudan-South Sudan: Destruction And Desolation In Abyei http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/041/2011/en/d701f194-b1c6-4f7c- 9920-fc2dd30ce0ca/afr540412011en.pdf
Congressional Research Service (5 October 2012) Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/199401.pdf
Enough Project (March 2013) The Broken Approach to Peace Between the Sudans http://www.enoughproject.org/files/BrokenApproachtoPeaceSudans.pdf
Enough Project (15 January 2013) Sudan: Enough 101: What is the Abyei Area and Why is it Disputed? http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/reliefweb_pdf/node-550104.pdf
Enough Project (February 2013) Peace by Committee – The 17 Committees and Commissions Responsible for Making Peace between the Two Sudans http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Peace_By_Committee.pdf
Enough Project (May 2012) South Sudan and Sudan Back to War? http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Hsiao-Back-to-War.pdf
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International Crisis Group (18 April 2012) Preventing Full-Scale War between Sudan and South Sudan http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/alerts/2012/sudan-preventing-full- scale-war-between-sudan-and-south-sudan.aspx
Middle East Research and Information Project (9 May 2012) War Returns to the Two Sudans http://www.merip.org/mero/mero050912
United Nations Security Council (17 May 2013) Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Abyei http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1369225463_n1333235abyei.pdf
Military
Hands Off Cain (2012) Sudan Country Page http://www.handsoffcain.info/bancadati/schedastato.php?idcontinente=25&nome=su dan
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 May 2011) SDN103746.E – Sudan: The Popular Defence Forces (PDF), including whether it is affiliated with the military; maximum age of conscription into the PDF and whether there are exemptions from service; whether individuals must serve for a three-month period, regardless of age, sex and medical condition, to keep their job and pension; whether those who had served with the PDF for three months had to report to police stations in June 2008 for further service; if so, consequences for not reporting http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=453441&l=e
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 February 2007) SDN102445.E - Sudan: Military service including age of conscription, gender, length of service, recruitment practices and training, exemption conditions and alternative service options, penalties for refusing military service, and treatment of family members of those who refuse military service (2001 - 2007) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450952&l=e
IRIN News (8 February 2012) Sudan-South Sudan: Pressgangs "still operating in Khartoum" http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=94811
Republic of Sudan (5 December 2007) Armed Forces Act 2007 http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c037f1d2.html
UN General Assembly (15 May 2013) Children and armed conflict: Report of the Secretary-General http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1371638020_2013-20un-20report-20on- 20children-20and-20ac.pdf
US Department of State (30 May 2013) Country Reports on Terrorism 2012 - State Sponsors of Terrorism: Sudan
9 http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a86e5e18.html
6. Minorities/Ethnic Groups
Ethnic Groups
Carleton University (21 June 2012) The Nuba of Sudan: From Ethnic War to Insurgent Civil Conflict http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1351082444_1400.pdf
IRIN News (23 April 2012) Sudan-South Sudan: South Sudanese in Khartoum increasingly fearful http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=95335
Minority Rights Group International (6 July 2011) State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2011 – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e16d360c.html
LGBT
Canvas (21 February 2013) LGBT rights in Sudan http://canvas.union.shef.ac.uk/wordpress/?p=1752
Gay Star News (25 February 2013) Police in Sudan arrest and beat nine gay men http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/police-sudan-arrest-and-beat-nine-gay- men250213
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans And Intersex Association (undated) Sudan: News http://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/SUDAN/Articles
Rainbow Sudan (9 February 2012) Homosexuality in Sudan http://rainbowsudan.wordpress.com/2012/02/09/homosexuality-in-sudan/
7. Religion/Cults
Barnabas Fund (6 March 2013) Editorial: Systematic campaign to eradicate Christianity from Sudan? http://barnabasfund.org/UK/Editorial-Systematic-campaign-to-eradicate-Christianity- from-Sudan.html
Christian Solidarity Worldwide (20 February 2013) Sudanese government detains over fifty Christians http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/article.asp?t=press&id=1497&search=
Human Rights First (March 2012) Blasphemy Laws Exposed: The Consequences of Criminalizing “Defamation of Religions” http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/Blasphemy_Cases.pdf
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UN Human Rights Council (31 August 2012) Written statement submitted by the Jubilee Campaign, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status - Human rights and freedom of religion or belief in Sudan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1346848330_g1216264.pdf
US Commission on International Religious Freedom (30 April 2013) Annual Report: Sudan Chapters and Summaries http://www.uscirf.gov/images/Sudan%202013.pdf
US Department of State (20 May 2013) 2012 Report on International Religious Freedom – Sudan http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208412.pdf
8. Political
Demonstrations
Amnesty International (12 December 2012) Sudan must end violent repression of student protests http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/sudan-must-end-violent-repression-student- protests-2012-12-12
Amnesty International (3 August 2012) Sudanese authorities must end its crackdown on demonstrators and activists http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/036/2012/en/34c89cf8-5a72-448c- 9800-33f4d83d510e/afr540362012en.pdf
Human Rights Watch (10 December 2012) Sudan: Justice Needed for Student Deaths http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/12/10/sudan-justice-needed-student-deaths
Human Rights Watch (3 August 2012) Sudan: Police Fatally Shoot Darfur Protesters http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/223872/331417_en.html
Human Rights Watch (11 July 2012) Sudan: Torture, Abuse of Demonstrators http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/07/11/sudan-torture-abuse-demonstrators
Human Rights Watch (26 June 2012) Sudan: Violent Crackdown on Protesters http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/06/26/sudan-violent-crackdown-protesters
Elections
African Elections Database (31 January 2011) Elections in Sudan http://africanelections.tripod.com/sd.html
Carter Center (18 April 2010) Observing Sudan‘s 2010 National Elections: Final Report
11 http://cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/election_reports/Fina lReportSudan-Apr2010.pdf
Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (EISA) (undated) Sudan Country Profile http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/sudan.htm
Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (EISA) (May 2010) Sudan: 2010 National presidential election results http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/sud2010results1.htm
European Union Election Observation Mission to Sudan (28 June 2010) Executive and Legislative Elections 2010: Final Report http://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile/final-report-eu-eom-sudan-2010_en.pdf
Harvard International Law Journal (24 May 2010) Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan http://www.harvardilj.org/articles/GustafsonFinal.pdf
Human Rights Watch (30 June 2010) Democracy on Hold: Rights Violations in the April 2010 Sudan Elections http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan0610webwcover.pdf
Politicians
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (20 July 2012) SDN104155.E – Sudan: The Umma (or Oma) party, including its mandate, structure, leaders, activities; treatment of its members http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=454103&l=e
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (12 July 2012) Sudan Opposition Fails to Take Lead on Protests http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/sudan-opposition-fails-take-lead-protests
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (22 June 2012) Sudan: Beginning of End for Bashir? http://iwpr.net/print/report-news/sudan-beginning-end-bashir
International Crisis Group (12 December 2012) Boldness required to end Sudan misery http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/horn-of-africa/sudan/op- eds/hogendoorn-dalton-boldness-required-to-end-sudan-misery.aspx
International Crisis Group (4 May 2011) Divisions in Sudan’s Ruling Party and the Threat to the Country’s Future Stability http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of- africa/sudan/174%20Divisions%20in%20Sudans%20Ruling%20Party%20and%20th e%20Threat%20to%20the%20Countrys%20Future%20Stability%202.pdf
IRIN News (26 July 2012) Sudan: Who's who in the opposition
12 http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=95958
Radio Dabanga (undated) Leaders of Sudan http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/18580
Sudan Embassy and Mission in Geneva, Switzerland (undated) Basic Facts: Administrative Divisions http://www.sudanembassy-mission.ch/administrative_divisions.html
Sudan Net (15 October 2010) Sudan Government Cabinet Line up http://www.sudan.net/government.php
9. State Protection (For State Protection of Particular Groups, see the relevant section)
Amnesty International (19 July 2010) Agents of Fear: The National Security Service in Sudan http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/010/2010/en/7b11e50c-3a0b-4699- 8b6f-08a27f751c6c/afr540102010en.pdf
Forum for Women and Development (FOKUS) (7 May 2013) Protection of Civilians: The Politics of Counting Rape in Darfur http://www.fokuskvinner.no/en/News/2013/Protection-of-Civilians-The-Politics-of- Counting-Rape-in-Darfur/
REDRESS (August 2012) Arrested Development: Sudan’s Constitutional Court, Access to Justice and the Effective Protection of Human Rights http://www.refworld.org/docid/50641ad82.html
10. Government/Civil Society/Legal Systems
Amnesty International (12 March 2013) Sudan: Judges to be trained to carry out amputations http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/sudan-judges-be-trained-carry- out-amputations-2013-03-12
Hauser Global Law School Program (January 2007) An Overview of the Sudanese Legal System and Legal Research http://www.nyulawglobal.com/globalex/Sudan.htm
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (28 February 2007) SDN102446.E – Sudan: Informal "tent courts" used to mete out speedy justice to non-Muslims by military or religious personnel (2004 - 2007) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=450948&l=e
Human Rights Watch (27 February 2013) Sudan: Doctors Perform Amputations for Courts http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/02/27/sudan-doctors-perform-amputations- courts
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Human Rights Watch (13 January 2013) Sudan: End Crackdown on Civil Society http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/01/13/sudan-end-crackdown-civil-society
International Trade Union Confederation (6 June 2012) 2012 Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fd88925a.html
UN Human Rights Council (22 February 2013) Written statement submitted by the Society for Threatened Peoples, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status - Persecution of human rights defenders in Sudan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1362584857_g1311328.pdf
UN Human rights Council (22 February 2013) Written statement submitted by the East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project (EHAHRDP), a nongovernmental organization in special consultative status - Crackdown on human rights defenders and peaceful protestors continuing in Sudan http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1362585981_g1311336.pdf
11. Press/Media/Freedom of Expression
Article 19 (7 June 2013) Sudan: Newspaper bans violate free expression http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/37093/en/sudan:-newspaper-bans- violate-free-expression
Committee to Protect Journalists (14 February 2013) Attacks on the Press in 2012: Sudan http://www.cpj.org/2013/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2012-sudan.php
Guardian UK (27 June 2012) Journalists arrested in Sudan crackdown http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/greenslade/2012/jun/27/journalist-safety- sudan/print
Human Rights Watch (3 May 2013) Sudan: Stepped-Up Assault on Media Freedom http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/05/03/sudan-stepped-assault-media-freedom
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) (5 April 2013) Intelligence agency steps up offensive against Khartoum press https://en.rsf.org/sudan-intelligence-agency-steps-up-05-04-2013,44313.html
12. Women/Children/Family
Women
Amnesty International (30 July 2012) Sudan – End stoning, reform the criminal law http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/035/2012/en/be234dbb-2c24-4309- 9dd3-f5190a9c72a9/afr540352012en.pdf
14 Amnesty International (1 March 2010) Sudan: Abolish The Flogging Of Women http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/005/2010/en/6652ea12-7bbb-498f- b09e-ab27ef8d7e9b/afr540052010en.pdf
Forced Migration Review (August 2012) Marrying on credit: the burden of bridewealth on refugee youth http://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/young-and-out-of- place/grabska.pdf
Human Rights Watch (31 May 2012) Sudan: Ban Death by Stoning http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2012/05/31/sudan-ban-death-stoning
IRIN News (5 January 2009) Sudan: It takes more than a law to stop the cut http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=82197
Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) (10 December 2008) Female genital mutilation in Sudan and Somalia http://www.landinfo.no/asset/764/1/764_1.pdf
Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre (February 2012) From impunity to prosecution? Sexual violence in Sudan beyond Darfur http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/d2e4d10807 1713c7fde247e20c2faf24.pdf
Social Institutions and Gender Index (2012) Country Profile: Sudan http://genderindex.org/country/sudan
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (February 2013) Too Much Pain: Female Genital Mutilation & Asylum in the European Union - A Statistical Overview http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1362566484_512c72ec2.pdf
Children
Child Rights International Network (undated) Sudan Page http://www.crin.org/reg/country.asp?ctryID=204&subregID=
Child Rights International Network (23 October 2012) Children and armed conflict: focus on Sudan and South Sudan http://www.crin.org/docs/Children_and_armed_conflict_Sudan.pdf
Child Soldiers International (20 May 2008) Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/486cb13141.html
Republic of Sudan (10 February 2009) The Child Act, 2008 http://www.refworld.org/cgi- bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=4c0383992&skip=0&query=children&coi= SDN
15 Sudan Tribune (16 June 2013) Nearly a third of children in Sudan malnourished – report http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?iframe&page=imprimable&id_article=46962
UNICEF (undated) The Sudanese child http://www.unicef.org/sudan/overview.html
Trafficking
Awate.com (13 February 2013) Under Pressure, Sudan Admits Its Human Trafficking Problem http://www.printfriendly.com/print?url=http://awate.com/under-pressure-sudan- admits-its-human-trafficking-problem/
Thomson Reuters Foundation (31 January 2013) Traffickers attacking Eritrean refugees in Sudan - rights groups http://www.trust.org/item/?map=traffickers-attacking-eritrean-refugees-in-sudan- rights-groups
UNHCR Policy Development and Evaluation Service (March 2013) Refugees and the Rashaida: human smuggling and trafficking from Eritrea to Sudan and Egypt http://www.unhcr.org/51407fc69.pdf
US Department of State (19 June 2013) 2013 Trafficking in Persons Report - Sudan www.refworld.org/docid/51c2f3871c7.html
13. Prison/Detention/Torture/Slavery
African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS) (14 May 2013) Government of Sudan continues to subject political opposition members to arbitrary detention http://www.acjps.org/?p=1405
Amnesty International (14 June 2013) 14 Women Released, 20 Still Detained in Sudan http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/012/2013/en/40034ab9-2436-405e- 98ac-6955243e887a/afr540122013en.pdf
Amnesty International (10 May 2013) Sudanese activist held incommunicado at risk of torture http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/sudanese-activist-held-incommunicado-risk-torture- 2013-05-10
Amnesty International (2 April 2013) Only seven prisoners released in Sudan ‘political prisoner amnesty’ http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/only-seven-prisoners-released- sudan-political-prisoner-amnesty-2013-04-02
Amnesty International (22 March 2013) Sudanese Christian Held Without Charge
16 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/006/2013/en/f0108168-45cc-4f36- a776-5571ede15fa0/afr540062013en.pdf
Amnesty International (19 February 2013) Sudanese Women Held Without Trial http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR54/005/2013/en/c98466cb-ebbb-474d- a363-1337e1375183/afr540052013en.pdf
Christian Science Monitor (16 July 2012) Inside Sudan's prisons: Sudanese protesters speak out http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/World/Africa/2012/0716/Inside-Sudan-s- prisons-Sudanese-protesters-speak-out
Christian Solidarity Worldwide (18 January 2013) Sudanese government arrests opposition politicians, advocates Islamic constitution http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/article.asp?t=press&id=1484&search=
Human Rights Watch (22 April 2013) Sudan: Despite Pledge, Many Political Prisoners Remain http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/04/22/sudan-despite-pledge-many-political- prisoners-remain
Human Rights Watch (26 February 2013) Sudan: Crackdown on Political Opposition http://www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/02/26/sudan-crackdown-political-opposition
International Centre for Prison Studies (2011) World Prison Brief: Sudan http://www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/wpb_country.php?country=46
IRIN News (15 January 2013) Sudan continues crackdown on opposition groups http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97253
World Organization Against Torture (18 July 2012) Sudan: Arbitrary detention of 13 defenders http://www.omct.org/human-rights-defenders/urgent- interventions/sudan/2012/07/d21873/?prn=1
14. Crime/Corruption
Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (U4) (undated) U4 Expert Answer - Corruption and anti-corruption in Sudan http://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-and-anti-corruption-in- sudan/downloadasset/2886
Bertelsmann Transforation Index (2012) Sudan Country Report http://www.bti-project.org/country-reports/mena/sdn
Business Anti-Corruption Portal (January 2013) Sudan Country Profile http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/sudan/
17 Criminal Justice Degrees Guide (undated) 10 Most Corrupt Police Forces in the World http://www.criminaljusticedegreesguide.com/features/10-most-corrupt-police-forces- in-the-world.html
Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) (14 February 2013) Sudan 2013 Crime and Safety Report https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportPDF.aspx?cid=13599
Sudan Tribune (6 December 2012) Sudan’s standing on corruption index rating worsens in 2012 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?iframe&page=imprimable&id_article=44755
15. Education
Education Nation (6 March 2012) An Education in Sudan http://www.educationnation.com/index.cfm?objectid=42AE3D2E-6708-11E1- 9205000C296BA163
Gasim, Gamal (2010) Reflecting on Sudan’s Higher Education Revolution under Al- Bashir’s Regime Comparative & International Higher Education 2 http://www.higheredsig.org/cihe/Number02-15.pdf
Library of Congress (December 2004) Country Profile: Sudan http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Sudan.pdf
The Republic of the Sudan: Ministry of General Education & The National Council for Literacy and Adult Education (2008) The National Report on the Situations of Adult Education in Sudan http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/INSTITUTES/UIL/confintea/pdf/Natio nal_Reports/Arab%20States/Sudan_EN.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2011) Education (all levels) profile - Sudan (pre-secession) http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=289&IF_L anguage=eng&BR_Country=7360&BR_Region=40525
World Bank (18 March 2013) Building the Future of Education in Sudan http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/03/18/building-the-future-of- education-in-sudan
16. Health
500 Words Magazine (2 June 2012) Made in Sudan: A healthcare system in shambles http://500wordsmag.com/columns/madeinsudan/made-in-sudan-a-healthcare- system-in-shambles-2/
18 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (22 August 2012) SDN104138.E - Sudan: The AIDS Effects and Dangers Awareness Society (AEDAS), including its mission, structure, funders, directors and areas of operation, particularly between 2008 and 2010; contact information of organization http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca:8080/RIR_RDI/RIR_RDI.aspx?id=454144&l=e
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (16 April 2013) Sudan: Maternity care in rural North Darfur http://www.msf.org/article/sudan-maternity-care-rural-north-darfur
Médecins Sans Frontières (undated) Sudan http://www.msf.ie/country/sudan?gclid=CPLskKKsjrgCFUI62wodl3cA1g
UNICEF (2010) Sudan Household Health Survey http://www.unicef.org/sudan/health_4284.html
United Nations Population Fund (2011) The State of the World’s Midwifery – Sudan Country Profile http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_Sudan_SoWMy _Profile.pdf
World Health Organization (undated) Sudan Country Page http://www.who.int/countries/sdn/en/
World Health Organization (May 2013) Sudan: Health Profile http://www.who.int/gho/countries/sdn.pdf
World Health Organization & Ministry of Health Sudan (2009) Who-Aims Report on Mental Health System in Sudan http://www.who.int/mental_health/who_aims_report_sudan.pdf
17. Asylum Seekers/IDPs/Internal Flight
Amnesty International (7 June 2013) Israel: Deportations of asylum-seekers must stop http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/005/2013/en/07259891-b209-4058- b370-e76c3cdccfe8/mde150052013en.pdf
Amnesty International (3 April 2013) Egypt/Sudan: Refugees and Asylum Seekers Face Brutal Treatment, Kidnapping for Ransom, and Human Trafficking http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR04/001/2013/en/9fdcde38-b88b-43a0- b076-ee4b7a3b8c06/afr040012013en.pdf
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (29 April 2013) Global Overview 2012: People internally displaced by conflict and violence – Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/517fb0509.html
International Refugee Rights Initiative (May 2013) The Disappearance of Sudan? Life in Khartoum for citizens without rights
19 http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Marginalised%20in%20Khartoum %20FINAL_0.pdf
IRIN News (6 May 2013) The long road home to South Sudan http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=97981
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2 June 2013) Thousands of South Sudanese remain stranded http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1371812759_ocha-sudan-weekly- humanitarian-bulletin-issue-22-2827-may-2-june-2013-29.pdf
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (June 2013) UNHCR Global Report 2012, Sudan http://www.refworld.org/docid/51befdd80.html
UN High Commissioner For Refugees Policy Development And Evaluation Service (PDES) (November 2011) No turning back: A review of UNHCR’s response to the protracted refugee situation in eastern Sudan http://www.unhcr.org/4eb3e5ea9.html
UN Human Rights Council (27 May 2013) Report of the Independent Expert on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Mr. Chaloka Beyani (Advanced Unedited Version) http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1370600318_a-hrc-23-44-add-2-auv.pdf
Voice of America News (26 June 2013) Conditions Worsen for Darfurian Refugees, Others http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/1689664.html
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