Le Grand Retour / Blackkklansman De Spike Lee]

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Le Grand Retour / Blackkklansman De Spike Lee] Document generated on 09/23/2021 9:49 a.m. Ciné-Bulles Le grand retour BlacKkKlansman de Spike Lee Frédéric Bouchard Dossier 50 ans depuis 1968 Volume 36, Number 3, Summer 2018 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/88634ac See table of contents Publisher(s) Association des cinémas parallèles du Québec ISSN 0820-8921 (print) 1923-3221 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Bouchard, F. (2018). Review of [Le grand retour / BlacKkKlansman de Spike Lee]. Ciné-Bulles, 36(3), 4–7. Tous droits réservés © Association des cinémas parallèles du Québec, 2018 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ En couverture BlacKkKlansman de Spike Lee Photo : Focus Features : Focus Photo Le grand retour FRÉDÉRIC BOUCHARD Un personnage féminin, reconnaissable coloniale, il braque son objectif sur Ron les stéréotypes associés à la commu- entre tous, interprété par Vivien Leigh. Stallworth (John David Washington), nauté noire que le réalisateur se réap- Un plan, peut-être le plus mémorable de un détective afro-américain du Colora- proprie. Il faut entendre le personnage ce film épique, ouvre les premières se- do qui, en 1978, est mandaté pour as- principal discuter avec David Duke condes de BlacKkKlansman, nouveau sister incognito au discours d’un mem- (Topher Grace), la tête pensante du Ku long métrage de Spike Lee : Scarlett bre de l’association Black Panther Party Klux Klan, à propos du « parlé noir » O’Hara qui marche parmi une horde lors d’une assemblée organisée par des pour saisir à son paroxysme l’absurdité de soldats blessés dans Gone With mi litants et des militantes noirs. Peu de de tels propos. Le cinéaste se moque the Wind alors que la caméra s’éloigne temps après, il tombe sur une petite an- sans gêne de cette troupe d’extrême pour montrer le drapeau confédéré. nonce du Ku Klux Klan dans un journal droite en ridiculisant non seulement Tout de suite s’enchaîne une vidéo où régional et prend l’initiative d’entrer en son discours et ses méthodes, mais sur- un orateur sudiste (Alec Baldwin, le contact avec la faction locale du groupe tout en l’humiliant dans son incapacité même qui personnifie Donald Trump à et de se faire passer, au téléphone… à repérer l’infiltration qui se produit à Saturday Night Live) fait la promotion pour un suprémaciste blanc. l’insu de ses membres. des idéaux suprémacistes blancs à une Amérique des années 1970. Est-ce que Inspirée et adaptée d’un récit véridique, Plutôt que de se réfugier dans la pa- le cinéaste de Malcolm X (1992) serait cette prémisse improbable s’avère rodie, Lee campe son histoire dans devenu cynique? Non, il est furieux. le prétexte rêvé pour Spike Lee afin un étonnant réalisme où le travail es- d’offrir une œuvre à mi-chemin entre thétique se déploie tout en subtili- Après cette entrée en matière où Spike la satire subversive et le film politique. té; un plan de caméra plus audacieux Lee souligne la pensée raciste qui a L’humour dans BlacKkKlansman re- par ici, une direction photo au look contaminé l’Amérique depuis l’époque pose beaucoup sur les aberrations et sur à la fois moderne et rétro par là — as- 4 Volume 36 numéro 3 surée par le jeune Chayse Irvin qui a dans BlacKkKlansman pour illustrer le temps de rencontrer en chair et en os surtout bâti son curriculum vitæ sur le jeu de pouvoir et les inégalités entre les membres du Ku Klux Klan, de vient une solide expérience en court mé- les deux personnages. un faire-valoir. Leur relation repose trage et en vidéoclip. Lee se permet précisément sur ce favoritisme, long- même quelques extravagances formel- Cinéphile avoué, le réalisateur va temps perpétué dans les films policiers, les avec le split screen et l’élaboration cependant au-delà de la simple auto- ici ren versé : le premier prend les déci- d’un intense montage alterné, dans le référence. Bien sûr, il cite quelques sions et ordonne, le deuxième écoute et der nier tiers du film, où il met en pa- classiques, fait discuter ses personna- obéit. Lee pousse cette audace jusqu’à rallèle l’extrémisme du Ku Klux Klan ges à propos du cinéma de Blaxploi- faire d’Adam Driver, l’acteur le plus et la rébellion des mouvements anti- tation et montre le clan de supréma- connu de la distribution, un person- racistes. Mais ce sont les discussions cistes blancs se délecter devant les nage plus effacé et distant au profit du télé phoniques entre Stallworth et Duke, images de Birth of a Nation de D.W. nouveau venu John David Washington, cadrées en Dutch angle (où les person- Griffith, un film historiquement enta- qui brille par son charisme et sa sensi- nages sont cadrés de façon oblique), qui ché par son carac tère raciste. De plus, bilité. Ancien joueur de football, fils de constituent les moments de cinéma les Lee détourne la dynamique du buddy Denzel et élève à Harlem dans Mal- plus inspirés du film. En plus de créer cop movie. Depuis Inside Man (2006), colm X, celui-ci incarne le digne héri- une certaine tension psychologique, il ne s’était pas approprié avec autant tier d’une longue lignée de personna ges ce choix du réalisateur renvoie expli- d’audace et d’aplomb un genre ciné- revendicateurs, certains ayant expri- citement à un procédé déjà utilisé dans matographique. Ici, le cinéaste bous- mé leur mécontentement avec pas- Do the Right ing (1989). S’en ser- cule les conventions en faisant de Stall- sion, d’autres devenus des icônes un vant jadis pour mener ce film à son worth le véritable cerveau de toute peu malgré eux. Et l’acteur s’affiche en point culminant et rappeler au spec- cette affaire. Son partenaire, le détec- tant que fier représentant d’une jeu- tateur le médium cinématographique, tive Flip Zimmerman (Adam Driver), nesse que semble affectionner le ci- il reprend ces mêmes cadrages cassés qui se fait passer pour lui lorsque vient néaste depuis Chi-Raq (2015) où les Spike Lee en compagnie d’Adam Driver sur le tournage de BlacKkKlansman — Photo : Focus Features Volume 36 numéro 3 5 En couverture BlacKkKlansman de Spike Lee trentenaires se mettent à s’interroger sur les codes et à réclamer leur identité socioculturelle. Dans cet univers chargé de testosté- rone gravitent, comme toujours chez Lee, des personnages féminins essen- tiels dont la présence va au-delà de la caricature. Il y a Patrice Dumas (Lau- ra Harrier), militante engagée noire qui se méfie des « porcs », ces policiers qui devraient servir et protéger, mais qui ne parviennent qu’à inspirer méfiance et dégoût. Puis, Connie Kendrickson (Ashlie Atkinson), une femme blanche au foyer qui attend patiemment son heure de gloire en rêvant secrètement, le soir, dans les bras de son mari Fé- lix, de tuer des Noirs. Cette dernière pourra « enfin » jouer un rôle-clé dans l’opération que préparent son époux et ses amis lors du dénouement. Cette scène, effroyable et insoute- nable, dérange non seulement par sa nature — un attentat —, mais surtout par le caractère irrésolu du conflit. Au moment où Stallworth débarque pour empêcher Connie de commettre l’irréparable, cette dernière feint de hurler de terreur devant deux policiers blancs venus en renfort. Ne sachant rien du statut de policier de Stallworth, ils l’interpellent violemment, ce qui ramène au racisme systémique auquel fait face le détective. C’est cruel lement grâce à l’arrivée de son collègue Zim- merman que la crédibilité du héros est restaurée et que la criminelle peut en- fin être appréhendée. En quelques se- condes, Spike Lee rappelle l’humiliation persistante dont souffrent encore les Afro-Américains, au même titre que l’avait fait Detroit (2017) de Kathryn Bigelow en ressassant le sordide épi- sode du Motel Agiers en juillet 1967. L’approche du réalisateur originaire de Brooklyn est cependant plus contes- tataire à défaut d’être moins viscérale, ce qui n’empêche pas le long métrage de hanter le spectateur grâce à un épi- John David Washington (Ron Stallworth), Laura Harrier (Patrice Dumas) et Topher Grace (David Duke) logue qui renvoie aux terribles mani- dans BlacKkKlansman — Photos : Focus Features festations de violence policière perpé- 6 Volume 36 numéro 3 trées au cours des dernières années aux Une autre scène procure un moment de est-ce un drame comique?) et attaquer États-Unis. gloire semblable alors que Ron révèle sa avec férocité et aplomb les groupus- véritable identité au suprémaciste Da- cules de l’extrême droite américaine. Par ailleurs, la présence de Patrice et vid Duke, à l’autre bout du fil, dans une En fait, Lee suggère le périple émanci- son perpétuel activisme servent égale- séquence absolument jubilatoire. Le ci- patoire d’un Afro-Américain dans un ment à illustrer les différents degrés néaste se fait plaisir ici en célébrant le pays (toujours) en plein bouleverse- d’engagement d’un individu à une cause. détective qui obtient le respect de ses ment, et ce, grâce à une approche à la Au contact de cette jeune femme, Stall- pairs et devient la coqueluche du bu- fois cinéphilique et accessible, hilaran- worth prend à la fois conscience de reau.
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