LONE STAR INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

Lone Star Muslims is a community-centered ethnographic study of Pakistani Americans and Pakistani immigrants in Houston. The book employs a multi-sited and interdisciplinary ap- proach to examine diasporic public cultures and everyday life. Drawing on archival data, interviews, and participant observation at Pa- kistani festivals and parades, radio programs, and ethnic businesses, the book develops the concept of a transnational Muslim heritage economy, specifi cally, the increasingly central role of in shaping Pakistani consumer cultures and ethnic enterprises.

Lone Star Muslims incorporates a range of narratives, including stories from the Pakistani corporate workforce; Pakistani ethnic entre- preneurs, the working class and the working poor; Muslim gay men of Pakistani descent; Pakistani community activists; and radio pro- gram hosts and producers.

Critiquing dominant understandings of Mus- lim Americans such as “terrorist” on the one hand and “model minority” on the other, Lone Star Muslims offers a glimpse into a variety of lived experiences that belie generalizations and stereotypes. It shows how specifi cities of class, sectarian affi liation, citizenship sta- tus, gender, and sexuality shape transnational identities and mediate racism, abjection and marginalities.

288 PAGES • 5 TABLES 978-1-4798-4480-7

WWW . NYUPRESS . ORG NYU 2 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION QUESTIONS FORDISCUSSION pher-researcher. in collectingdata,andtheissueofself-reflexivity onthepartofethnogra- The Introduction alsoprovides adiscussionofthemethodologiesemployed chapter. nationalism tothespecificethnographiccasestudycovered ineachsubsequent the Introduction ineachchapterofthebook,relating theorizingaround trans- stani descent.Thebookfurtherdevelopsthetheoretical discussionspresented in communities illuminatingtheexperiencesofMuslimAmericangaymenPaki- tiquing thepresumed heteronormativityassumedinmoststudiesoftransnational Muslim heritageeconomy. Thebookalsocontributestothisscholarshipbycri- and theneoliberaleconomy. Thebookdevelopstheconceptoftransnational transnationalism byanalyzingtheintersectionsofdiaspora,transnationalIslam, The Introduction outlinesthetheoretical contributionstoscholarlystudiesof parades,andradioprogramming • SouthAsianMuslimdiasporicpubliccultures, notablyethnicfestivalsand • Theheterogeneity ofthe MuslimAmericanexperience AmericansandMuslimimmigrantsfollowing9/11 • Historicalandpoliticalcontexts,notablyracismviolencetowards Muslim experience inthepost-9/11period,andbook’s mainthemes,whichinclude: the broader geo-politicalcontextsthathaveshapedtheMuslimAmerican The Introduction servesas afoundationforthebook,introducing thereader to SUMMARY ➥ transnationalism?Examinetheconceptoftransnationalismwithreference to ➥ contextforunderstandingMuslimAmericanexperiences? experiences?Whatare thedisadvantagestousing9/11assolebroader ➥ authormeanbythis?Howcanthisissuebeaddressed through ethnography? “flatteningoftheMuslimAmericanexperience” (page6).Whatdoesthe ➥ ➥ ➥ According totheIntroduction, 9/11scholarshiphascontributedtothe the MuslimAmericanexperience. What ismeantby“transnationalism”?are someexamplesof Why is9/11animportantlensforunderstandingMuslim American NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

3 INTRODUCTION

What are some examples of transnational communities that live in the city live in the city of transnational communities that some examples What are Visit the website of a local newspaper, and search its archives for articles on its archives and search Visit of a local newspaper, the website ➥ ➥ are some of the stories and reports that come up in your search? Based on on Based that come up in your search? and reports some of the stories are of Muslim what aspect archives, of a local newspaper’s your research topic a specific the most coverage? Is there receives American experiences What does this news reports? again and again in several of the that shows up Muslim Americans American media represents mainstream tell us about how Americans? and Pakistani ➥ discuss what Referring to a specific ethnic community, raised? were you where makes it a transnational community. ➥ “Pakistani immigrants.” What or “Pakistani Americans” or “Muslim Americans” LONE STAR MUSLIMS LONE STAR APPLIED RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS RESEARCH APPLIED INTRODUCTION 4 CHAPTER 1 “AMERICA’S MOST DIVERSE CITY” RACE, CLASS, OIL,ANDTHEMAKINGOF QUESTIONS FORDISCUSSION and constructionsofidentitycommunityasHoustonians. Sugar Land,showsthecentralityofIslaminpracticesPakistaniplacemaking public andprivatelives.Thesurveyoftwomajorlocalities,Hillcroft Avenue and have created infrastructure andinstitutionstosupporttheirworking, religious, are adistinctlyvisiblepresence insectionsofsouthwestHoustonwhere they Pakistanis reside throughout thegreater Houstonmetropolitan area, Pakistanis neighborhoods andlocalitiesinHoustonpracticesofplacemaking.Although immigrant communities,Pakistanishavehadtonegotiateracializedandclassed following thechangesinU.S.immigrationpoliciesandlaws1965.Asnew are relatively newentrantstoHouston,arrivinginlarge numbersinthedecades poric Pakistani,andtransnationalIslamicplacemakinginHouston.Pakistanis The chapterexaminestheemergence oftheenergy sector, inrelation todias- ethnic minoritiesinHouston. ileged thewhiteeliteandcorporateinterests andmarginalized theinterests of workforce historically. Publicinvolvementinurbandevelopmenthistoricallypriv- the mainstayofHouston’s economy, hasplayedamajorrole inracializingthe continues tosegregate the citygeographically. Theenergy (oilandgas)sector, Although Houstonhasbeencharacterizedas“America’s mostdiversecity,” race which Pakistanisare embedded. geography, andincreatingand alaborforce racializedsettlementpatterns within global cityemphasizesthecentralityofenergy sectorinshapingthecity’s twenty-first century. ThesurveyofHouston’s growth anddevelopmentinto a development ofHoustonoverthecoursetwentiethcenturyandearly Chapter 1provides thegeographic contextforthisbookbyfocusingonthe SUMMARY ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ Critically examinethefindingsofRiceUniversity SurveythatfoundHous- How didSugarlandandHillcroft Avenue emerge ascentersforresidential and What are someofthereasons whyHoustonmightbeideallysuitedfor How haveurbanrenewal projects impactedcommunitiesinHouston? Inwhat diverse? Whatare thelimitationsofHouston’s diversity? ton tobethemostdiverse cityintheUnitedStates.InwhatwaysisHouston stanis? commercial lifeamongnewimmigrantcommunitiesofcolorsuchasPaki- research onMuslimAmericancommunities? the city’s workforce? ways haveindustriesinHouston,includingoil,gas andNASA,racialized NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

5 CHAPTER 1

where you were raised, can you think of examples of “ethnoburbs” of examples of “ethnoburbs” raised, can you think you were where and/or “edge cities”? familiar? with which you are APPLIED RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS RESEARCH APPLIED

Explain the concepts of “ethnoburbs” and “edge city”. Based on the city of “ethnoburbs” and “edge city”. Explain the concepts How have urban renewal projects impacted socio-economic life in a city socio-economic life in a city impacted projects renewal How have urban ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ LONE STAR MUSLIMS LONE STAR “AMERICA’S MOST DIVERSE CITY” DIVERSE MOST “AMERICA’S RACE, CLASS, OIL, AND THE MAKING OF OF MAKING THE AND OIL, CLASS, RACE, 6 CHAPTER 2 EXPERIENCES INCORPORATE AMERICA “A DREAMCOMETRUE”: SHIA ISMAILI APPLIED RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS FORDISCUSSION in corporateAmerica. ofculturalcapitalinmakingmeaningprofessionalforms lifeandexperiences narratives includedinthischapterillustrateIsmailireligious edictandmoralityas by professionally basedtransnationalreligious networksandaffiliations.The it didnotdisruptthebeliefinAmericandream, inpartbecauseofmediation as Enron becameanimportantcasestudy in thefailure ofcorporate governance, ideologies andnetworksinmediatingperiodsofrisk,crisis,uncertainty. Even Yet, asignificantpartofthestoryiscentral role oftransnational religious tial settlement. proaches toeducationandcareer ofresiden incorporateAmerica,andpatterns - Asian professionals assertmodel-minoritystatus,asevidencedinIsmailiap- self-reliance thatisusedtosubstantiatethe successofAsianimmigrants.South Muslims, whoseexperiencesappearinthischapter, demonstrateresilience and axis ofeducation,class,gender, religion, andnationality. Certainly, ShiaIsmaili U.S. racialregimes increating hierarchies intransnationallaborflowsalong the sional successandachievements.Suchconceptionsrender invisibletherole of values thatpredispose some minoritycommunitiestoward educationandprofes - this ethnographicresearch. Themodelminorityconceptpositsinnatecultural This chapterrefers toand critiquestheconceptofmodelminoritythrough point totellthestoryofPakistanicommunityfrom theIsmailiperspective. from energy giantslikeEnron Corporationinthefallof2001,provide astarting in energy companiesinHouston.Lay-offs inthecorporatesector, includingthose Chapter 2focusesonthecasestudyofShiaIsmailiMuslimswhowere employed SUMMARY themselves? andracialcommunity to appropriate thisconcept incharacterizing Doyouthinkthere are anybenefitsanddisadvantagesforaspecificethnic ➥ theconceptofmodelminority? themodelminority?Howdotheirexperiencesalso helpustocritique ➥ contextrelevant? timeperiodduringwhichthisconceptemerged, andwhyisthehistorical ➥ theprofessional choicesandcommunityactivismamongIsmailiprofessionals? Whatisthesignificanceoftheseideologiesand religious beliefsinshaping ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ Can youthinkofexamples ofhowthemodelminorityconceptpersiststoday? What are someofthereasons whyShiaIsmailismightbecharacterizedas What ismeantbytheconceptofmodelminority? Whatwasthehistorical Discuss ShiaIsmailiideologiesaboutassimilation,workandeducation.

NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

7 CHAPTER 3

What does the author mean by “transnational Muslim heritage economy”? Muslim heritage economy”? What does the author mean by “transnational What are the factors that have contributed to the splintering of the South the factors that have contributed to the splintering of the South What are the played in the lives of Pakistani entrepreneurs, has religion What role What are the concerns that emerge among these groups through the ethno- through the concerns among these groups What are that emerge in this chapter? presented graphic research ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ some of the specific examples discussed in the chapter that What are illustrate the development of such an economy? ➥ Asian ethnic economy in Houston? ➥

working class, and the working poor? working class, and the working poor? ➥ LONE STAR MUSLIMS LONE STAR QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION The individual life experiences discussed in this chapter also highlight the im- The individual life experiences discussed and forms in mediating multiple marginalities of oppression portance of religion as within ethnic spaces of com- of surveillance as well under the U.S. regimes racial inequalities and the biographies and narratives, As gleaned from merce. the American the pursuit of not mutually exclusive. Rather, advancement are of family rather and success in the service as individual effort reworked dream, with experiences of rac- that coexist agency and resilience than the self, reveals discrimination, and abjection. ism, marginality, MUSLIM HERITAGE ECONOMY HERITAGE MUSLIM a unique set of in this chapter reveal The individual life histories and biographies racism, and vari- marginality, of poverty, challenges that include the experience ous forms abjection. These cases highlight the issue of classed of violence and of discourses that flatten the heterogeneity identities and belie homogenizing communities in Houston. experiences within Pakistani Muslim Chapter 3 focuses on the everyday life of Pakistani entrepreneurs, the working the working entrepreneurs, on the everyday life of Pakistani Chapter 3 focuses Asian ethnic businesses poor who own or work in South class, and the working First, the pursued in the chapter. of inquiry two main areas are in Houston. There a South Asian ethnic analysis of the development of a historical chapter provides to the splintering of and the factors that have contributed economy in Houston the chapter Second, economy on the basis of religion. the South Asian ethnic Muslim heritage econ- experiences within the transnational elaborates the lived who provide and narratives of entrepreneurs detailed biographies omy through and the working class and managing ethnic businesses the capital for starting the labor for these businesses. and working poor who provide SUMMARY “IT’S ’S WILL”: THE TRANSNATIONAL THE WILL”: ALLAH’S “IT’S 8 CHAPTER 3 MUSLIM HERITAGE ECONOMY “IT’S ALLAH’S WILL”: THETRANSNATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCHASSIGNMENTS andethniccommunities? goods,servicesandbusinessesthatcatertospecific religious ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ Visit alocalsupermarketorstripmall.Canyoufindexamplesofproducts,Visit Transnational religious economiesdiscussedinthechapterare notlimitedto beliefs? restrict theirconsumption ofgoodsandproducts basedontheirreligious other religious communities. Whatare someothercommunitiesthatalso .Religionalsoshapesconsumptionandconsumercultures in consumer cultures found amongSouthAsianMuslimcommunitiesinthe

NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

“I HAVE A VERY GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH CHAPTER 4 ALLAH”: PAKISTANI GAY MEN AND TRANSNATIONAL BELONGING

SUMMARY

Chapter 4 focuses on the case study of Muslim gay men of Pakistani descent. The chapter employs ethnography to explore the construction of transnational identity among Muslim gay men in Houston by elaborating on three issues: one, invocation of scripts and traditions of homosociality and same-sex eroticism and relationships found in ; two, affirmation of religious belonging to a transnational Muslim ummah; and three, the appropriation of Western terminolo- gies and categories of sexuality such as gay and bisexual in constructing a queer identity. In this chapter, these registers foreground a cultural analysis of every- day negotiations of religion, race, sexuality, and transnationalism among Muslim American gay men.

The analysis presented in the chapter is a corrective to the exclusively heterosex- ual focus of research on transnational Muslim communities in the United States. Decentering notions of Islam as a militantly heteronormative religious tradition that criminalizes same-sex sexual eroticism and relationships, the experiences of discussed in this chapter emphasize spaces of accommodation and negotiations of belonging within a global Muslim ummah.

Even though Muslim American gay men appropriate and mobilize Western notions of sexuality in constructions of identity, these notions do not represent a totalizing discourse of selfhood. These appropriations take place within a larger geopolitical context marked by the rise of U.S. nationalism and nationhood that realigns queer Americans with projects of U.S. imperialism and military engage- ments in the . These realignments present a conundrum for Paki- stani Muslim gay men, for whom Islam remains important.

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

➥➥The chapter begins with this assertion: “The Pakistani Muslim American gay male represents a multiply hyphenated and complex figure, confounding easy categorizations in classificatory schemes of subjectification” (page 124). What does the author mean by this?

➥➥How is the invocation of South Asian narrative traditions such as the telling of personal experience tales similar to “coming out” narratives in the West? How are these traditions different? How do South Asian traditions of homosociality and same-sex eroticism and relationships complicate dominant understandings of in the West?

➥➥The author refers to the concept of “homonationalism” in understanding the exclusion and marginality experienced by Muslim gay men residing in the United States during the post 9/11 period. Homonationalism as a concept shows the limits of U.S. nationalism and its projects of creating an inclusive society. Critically discuss this concept.

LONE STAR MUSLIMS 9 “I HAVE A VERY GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH ALLAH”: PAKISTANI GAY MEN AND TRANSNATIONAL BELONGING

APPLIED RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS

➥➥The chapter shows how identity construction among gay Muslim men utilizes idioms and narrative traditions from the homeland. What are some examples of other transnational communities whose ideas about gender and sexuality are shaped by reference to concepts and traditions found in the homeland?

➥➥What are other examples of gay communities in the U.S. for whom religion is an important part of their identity? How are the life experiences and sources of conflict for Muslim gay men similar to gay communities found in other CHAPTER 4 faiths? How are they different?

10 NYU PRESS INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE 11 CHAPTER 5

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This chapter demonstrates how the Festival can be variously This chapter demonstrates how the Festival can be variously How is the transnational Muslim heritage economy intertwined with the How is the transnational Muslim heritage economy intertwined with In what ways have Pakistani Americans transformed the festival since 9/11? ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ an affirmation of characterized — as a practice of diasporic nationalism, as an affirmation of as belonging to Islam, and as a practice for asserting claims to space Houstonians. What makes the Festival into a practice of diasporic a nationalism? What makes it an Islamic festival? What makes it into practice of cultural citizenship? ➥ Festival? ➥ What does the narrative and biography of Omar, one of the organizers one of the organizers What does the narrative and biography of Omar, of the Festival and a community activist, tell us about the fears and vulnerabilities experienced by Muslims following 9/11? LONE STAR MUSLIMS LONE STAR QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION Finally, the chapter provides insights into the cultural politics of the Festival the Festival insights into the cultural politics of the chapter provides Finally, activist and a community of Omar, the detailed narrative and biography through important biography also provides of the Festival. The one of the organizers interfaith organizing played by community activists in the role insights regarding of Pakistanis and Muslims as an- perceptions activities, and in defusing popular and militants following 9/11. ti-American terrorists Two, the chapter also shows the importance of Islam in Pakistani diasporic public in Pakistani diasporic public the chapter also shows the importance of Islam Two, has transformed Since the late 1990s, the Festival into a transnational cultures. with ancestral affiliations to that is inclusive of Muslims Muslim festive culture emer in concert with the South Asian nations. These transformations occurred citizenship. Conceptualized through the Festival is a practice of cultural Three, role of is an affirmation this lens, the Day Festival of the empowered minority marked ethnoreligious as a racially Pakistanis in defining their interests group. FESTIVAL: THE MAKING OF A A OF THE MAKING FESTIVAL: TRADITION” “HOUSTON chapter shows the trans- One, the chapter. four key points made in the are There a small, formations over time from changes in conceptualizing the Festival and public celebration. informal to an elaborate community affair heritage economy in Houston that provides gence of the transnational Muslim much of the financing for the Festival. SUMMARY Independence Day analysis of the Pakistan an ethnographic Chapter 5 provides formation in 1947, as a nation-state celebrates Pakistan’s Festival. The Festival cities with substantial Pa- Pakistan as well as globally in major and takes place in within public cultures This chapter illuminates the diasporic kistani populations. chapters are in preceding the Pakistani community discussed which segments of embedded. THE PAKISTAN INDEPENDENCE DAY DAY INDEPENDENCE PAKISTAN THE 12

CHAPTER 5 “HOUSTON TRADITION” FESTIVAL: THEMAKINGOFA THE PAKISTAN INDEPENDENCE DAY APPLIED RESEARCHASSIGNMENT culturalcitizenship. practiceofdiasporicnationalism,transnationalreligious belonging,and inthechapter, criticallydiscusswhetherandhowthefestival orparadeisa soundsataspecificfestivalorparade,andinlightofthediscussions familiarormayhaveattended?Thinkingaboutthesights,smells,and UnitedStates.Whatisanethnicfestivalorparadewithwhichyouare ➥ ➥ Ethnic festivalsandparadesare organized throughout theyearin NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

13 CHAPTER 6

According to the chapter, there is a significant difference between the between the difference is a significant there chapter, to the According How are transnational religious belonging, diasporic nationalism, and the transnational religious How are between for the on-air fighting and arguments some of the reasons What are co-hosts What does the biography and the narrative of Suriya and Saleem, the ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ ➥ rogram and the more the first Pakistani radio program cultural politics and mission of What Why? What was the mission of the first program? radio programs. recent today? goals of the programs the are ➥ in Pakistani radio in Houston? economy reflected ➥ hosts? program ➥ in the 1970s, tells us about the lives of Pakistani of the first Pakistani program immigrants in the 1970s in Houston? MUSLIMS LONE STAR QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION There are four key points made in this chapter. One, the chapter provides a his- One, the chapter provides made in this chapter. four key points are There in the 1970s as a communi- its emergence torical survey of Pakistani radio from to its transformation radio station into a busi- ty-based initiative on a nonprofit on the cultural politics of it elaborates Two, ness enterprise by the late 1990s. The in building community. of radio examining the role Pakistani radio programs, of the first and longest running Pakistani narrative and biography of the hosts of radio programming. valuable insights into cultural politics provide program and the airing of grievances among the chapter analyzes the conflicts Three, as well as the desire competition for sponsorship radio hosts, which represent and alienation, of Muslim marginality, to the experience for agency in response it examines radio coverage of politics Finally, U.S. society. racism in mainstream of political tensions and in South Asia. The on-air discussion affairs and current an exem- and Pakistan since the 1990s offers militaristic conflicts between with Islam and Pakistani nationhood. plary case study of diasporic engagements IMPERATIVES, AND HOMELAND POLITICS POLITICS HOMELAND AND IMPERATIVES, SUMMARY in Houston. This programming the case study of Pakistani radio Chapter 6 covers belong- religious the complex intertwining of transnational chapter focuses on and neoliberalism. nationalism, diasporic nationhood, ing with long-distance is an understud- in the United States radio programming Non-English language which an important space through and represents ied facet of transnationality transnational belonging are of diasporic nationhood and identities and a sense States in the early communities in the United among new immigrant produced twenty-first century. PEOPLE”: TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA, BUSINESS BUSINESS MEDIA, TRANSNATIONAL PEOPLE”: “PAKISTANIS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN RADIO RADIO BEEN ALWAYS HAVE “PAKISTANIS 14

CHAPTER 6 IMPERATIVES, ANDHOMELANDPOLITICS PEOPLE”: TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA,BUSINESS “PAKISTANIS HAVE ALWAYS BEENRADIO IN-CLASS DEBATE TOPICS earlytwenty-firstcentury. communicationandpublicdiscourse,isnolongerrelevant inthe ➥ majormediaindustry. ➥ ➥ ➥ Radio, anoverahundred yearsoldtechnology, of isanantiquatedform Non-English ethnicradioprogramming hasthepotentialtoemerge asa NYU PRESSINSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE

MEDIA RESOURCES MEDIA RESOURCES

The following documentary and feature films can be used as educational tools that will enhance student learning and appreciation of the case studies covered in the book. While the following do not focus on Pakistani Americans and Paki- stani immigrants in Texas, they provide important insights about the discussion of the issues and topics covered in the book. The focus on Muslim, Arab, and South Asian communities also provides a valuable comparative lens for understanding the experiences described in Lone Star Muslims.

MAN PUSH CART

2006, 87 minutes, in English and with English subtitles, Director: Ramin Behrani

A critically acclaimed feature film that captures the life and struggles of a working class Pakistani who runs a bagel wagon in Manhattan, New York. The film complements the discussions of the corporate labor force in Chapter 2, and the working class and the working poor in Chapter 3.

A FOR LOVE

2007, 81 minutes, in English and , Farsi, Undu, , Turkish, French with English subtitles

A documentary featuring stories of Muslim gay men who reside in , , , Pakistan, , , , , India, South , the United States and the . The film complements the discussions of Muslim gay men of Pakistani descent in Chapter 4.

THE DAY INDIA BURNED: PARTITION

2007, 89 minutes, in English and Hindi with English subtitles

A documentary about the Partition of British colonial India into India and Pakistan in 1947. The documentary provides a useful and important information about the history of the country of origin for Pakistani immigrants in the United States. It will be especially beneficial in understanding the historical contexts that shape festive cultures like the Pakistan Independence Day Festival in Chapter 5, and the discussions about radio broadcasts on Pakistan-India relationship in Chapters 5 and 6.

LONE STAR MUSLIMS 15 MEDIA RESOURCES

A RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST

2013, 128 minutes, Director: Mira Nair

A feature film based on a novel by Pakistani author, Mohsin Hamid, provides an engaging look at the post-9/11 predicament of Muslim Americans of Pakistani descent, and the U.S. led war on terrorism. The film complements the discussions of 9/11 throughout the book.

NEW YORK

2009, 153 minutes, Hindi with English subtitles, Director: Kabir Khan

A critically acclaimed and commercially successful Bollywood feature film that presents the aftermath of the attacks of 9/11, as it is experienced by South Asian Muslim American college students. The film complements the discussion of 9/11 throughout the book. While students might be familiar with Hollywood’s representation of 9/11 and Muslim Americans, this film presents a unique opportunity for student exposure to depictions of the aftermath of 9/11 from the perspective of Indian cinema.

INSIDE ISLAM: WHAT A BILLION MUSLIMS THINK MEDIA RESOURCES

2010, 58 minutes

A documentary based on a major Gallup poll of Muslims around the world that asks: Why is there so much anti-Americanism in the Muslim world? Who are the extremists and how do Muslims feel about them? What do Muslims like and dislike about the West? What do Muslim women really want? The documentary complements the discussion of 9/11 throughout the book, and especially in the Introduction.

KHUDA KE LIYE (FOR ’S SAKE)

2007, 167 minutes, Urdu and English with English subtitles, Director: Shoaib Mansoor

A critically acclaimed Pakistani feature film that tells the story of a Pakistani fam- ily caught up in the rise of Islamic revivalist movement and threat to secularism in Pakistan, and the surveillance and persecution of Muslims in post-9/11 United States. The film traverses Afghanistan, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, and the United States to illuminate the complexities of the Pakistani experience in mul- tiple geographical locations, and the variously constructed relationships to the homeland and to Islam. The film complements the discussion of 9/11, and the Pakistani diasporic experience throughout the book.

16 NYU PRESS INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE MEDIA RESOURCES MEDIA RESOURCES

WITHOUT SHEPHERDS

2014, 89 minutes

This documentary looks beyond the headlines and breaks open the stereotypes of “the most dangerous country in the world.” An American filmmaker part- ners with leaders of an emerging Pakistani film community and travels across the country to learn what life is like at the heart of the war on terror. They find a cricket star building a new political movement, a trucker far from his family working to get by, a supermodel launching the country’s first fashion channel, a subversive Sufi rocker, an ex-mujahid without a home and a female journalist working behind Taliban lines. Visually dazzling and hauntingly intimate, this film looks head-on at the problems of Pakistan through the eyes of these six people and creates a space for Pakistan to speak to its own experience. The documenta- ry provides important insights into contemporary Pakistan and complements the discussion of the war on terrorism, and Pakistan throughout the book.