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Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts

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Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts BioMed Research International BIODESERT: Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts Guest Editors: Ameur Cherif, George Tsiamis, Stéphane Compant, and Sara Borin BIODESERT: Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts BioMed Research International BIODESERT: Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts Guest Editors: Ameur Cherif, George Tsiamis, Stephane´ Compant, and Sara Borin Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents BIODESERT: Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts,AmeurCherif, George Tsiamis, Stephane´ Compant, and Sara Borin Volume 2015, Article ID 289457, 2 pages The Date Palm Tree Rhizosphere Is a Niche for Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in the Oasis Ecosystem, Raoudha Ferjani, Ramona Marasco, Eleonora Rolli, Hanene Cherif, Ameur Cherif, Maher Gtari, Abdellatif Boudabous, Daniele Daffonchio, and Hadda-Imene Ouzari Volume 2015, Article ID 153851, 10 pages Pentachlorophenol Degradation by Janibacter sp., a New Actinobacterium Isolated from Saline Sediment of Arid Land, Amel Khessairi, Imene Fhoula, Atef Jaouani, Yousra Turki, Ameur Cherif, Abdellatif Boudabous, Abdennaceur Hassen, and Hadda Ouzari Volume 2014, Article ID 296472, 9 pages Biotechnological Applications Derived from Microorganisms of the Atacama Desert, Armando Azua-Bustos and Carlos Gonzalez-Silva´ Volume 2014, Article ID 909312, 7 pages Diversity and Enzymatic Profiling of Halotolerant Micromycetes from Sebkha El Melah, a Saharan Salt Flat in Southern Tunisia, Atef Jaouani, Mohamed Neifar, Valeria Prigione, Amani Ayari, Imed Sbissi, Sonia Ben Amor, Seifeddine Ben Tekaya, Giovanna Cristina Varese, Ameur Cherif, and Maher Gtari Volume 2014, Article ID 439197, 11 pages Geodermatophilus poikilotrophi sp. nov.: A Multitolerant Actinomycete Isolated from Dolomitic Marble, Maria del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, Benjamin Hofner, Markus Goker,¨ Manfred Rohde, Cathrin Sproer,¨ Karima Hezbri, Maher Gtari, Peter Schumann, and Hans-Peter Klenk Volume 2014, Article ID 914767, 11 pages Safe-Site Effects on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities in a High-Altitude Alpine Environment, Sonia Ciccazzo, Alfonso Esposito, Eleonora Rolli, Stefan Zerbe, Daniele Daffonchio, and Lorenzo Brusetti Volume 2014, Article ID 480170, 9 pages Contrasted Reactivity to Oxygen Tensions in Frankia sp. Strain CcI3 throughout Nitrogen Fixation and Assimilation, Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari, Karima Hezbri, Amir Ktari, Imed Sbissi, Nicholas Beauchemin, Maher Gtari, and Louis S. Tisa Volume 2014, Article ID 568549, 8 pages Screening for Genes Coding for Putative Antitumor Compounds, Antimicrobial and Enzymatic Activities from Haloalkalitolerant and Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria Strains of Algerian Sahara Soils, Okba Selama, Gregory C. A. Amos, Zahia Djenane, Chiara Borsetto, Rabah Forar Laidi, David Porter, Farida Nateche, Elizabeth M. H. Wellington, and Hocine Hacene` Volume 2014, Article ID 317524, 11 pages Absence of Cospeciation between the Uncultured Frankia Microsymbionts and the Disjunct Actinorhizal Coriaria Species, Imen Nouioui, Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari, Maria P. Fernandez, Abdellatif Boudabous, Philippe Normand, and Maher Gtari Volume 2014, Article ID 924235, 9 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 289457, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/289457 Editorial BIODESERT: Exploring and Exploiting the Microbial Resource of Hot and Cold Deserts Ameur Cherif,1 George Tsiamis,2 Stéphane Compant,3 and Sara Borin4 1 University of Manouba, Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization (LR11-ES31), Higher Institute for Biotechnology, BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia 2Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Street, 30100 Agrinio, Greece 3Bioresources Unit, Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria 4DepartmentofFood,EnvironmentalandNutritionalSciences(DeFENS),UniversityofMilan,ViaCeloria2,20133Milan,Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Ameur Cherif; [email protected] Received 15 February 2015; Accepted 15 February 2015 Copyright © 2015 Ameur Cherif et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Deserts are generally regarded as lifeless and inhospitable communities shape and dynamic and the functional net- ecosystems despite the general awareness of extremophilic working including mechanism of adaptation and plant- microorganisms. An amazing microbial diversity and a huge microbes interaction under extreme or changing conditions, biotechnological potential were unraveled during the last and (c) potential and case applications of desert microbes decade using molecular approaches. Hot and cold deserts and/or mixed cultures, such as in soil bioreclamation, wereshowntohostpeculiarmicrobialassemblagesableto reverse-desertification, agriculture, and biomining. cope with hostile environment and/or to rapidly adapt to This special issue contains one review and eight research changing conditions. This adaptation is inferred to partic- articles that address the three main aspects indicated above. ular community structure behavior and specific metabolic The paper of A. Jaouani et al., entitled “Diversity and Enzy- capacities allowing cells to overcome water stress, fluctuating matic Profiling of Halotolerant Micromycetes from Sebkha El temperature, and high salinity. Therefore, such microbes Melah, a Saharan Salt Flat in Southern Tunisia,” reported the could constitute a source of novel metabolites, biomolecules, isolation of 21 alkali-halotolerant Ascomycetes assigned to the and enzymes potentially useful for environmental biotech- 6 genera Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, nologies.Withtheglobalclimatechange,thearidificationand Ulocladium, and Engyodontium, basing on morphological creeping desertification that constitute a worldwide serious and molecular markers. Beside their salt and pH tolerance, threat directly affecting agriculture and crop production, and these saline-system fungi were shown to resist to oxidative the growing food demands, desert microorganisms could stress and low temperature and to produce extremozymes, hold the key for green biotechnology and future applications namely,cellulase,amylase,protease,lipase,andlaccase,active into soil bioreclamation and plant growth promotion for in high salt concentrations, which highlight their biotechno- vulnerable regions across the world. logical potential. The paper authored by M. del C. Montero- This special issue was focused on the desert microbial Calasanz et al., “Geodermatophilus poikilotrophi sp. nov.: A resource management (MRM) and how to explore and exploit Multitolerant Actinomycete Isolated from Dolomitic Marble,” these resources from hot and cold deserts as well as from described a new species within the genus Geodermatophilus. arid areas. Aspects of this MRM concept are included in Strain G18T, isolated from site near the Namib Desert, this special issue and they are highlighting (a) the microbial is characterized by its resistance to heavy metals, metal- diversity and community structure behavior in desert envi- loids, hydrogen peroxide, desiccation and ionizing, and UV- ronments and the identification of novel extremophiles, (b) radiations. Even though 16S rRNA sequence of strain G18T the influence of the biotic and abiotic factors on microbial showed 99% similarity with other Geodermatophilus species, 2 BioMed Research International its taxonomic position and species definition was inferred the prerequisite of providing rhizosphere services and specific basing on polyphasic approach and its multitolerance towards functionalities. environmental stresses, justifying the original given epithet Biotechnological potential and applications of desert “poikilotrophi.” microbes have been reported in three papers. In one, A. Four papers were dedicated to the ecological drivers Khessairi et al. described a novel efficient pentachlorophenol- that shape microbial communities and functionalities. A (PCP-) degrading halotolerant actinobacterium, Janibacter nice example of “cold desert” is presented by S. Ciccazzo et sp.FAS23.ThestrainwasisolatedfromSebkhaElNaoual,a al., “Safe-site Effects on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities saline ecosystem in southern Tunisia. Using HPLC analysis, in a High-Altitude Alpine Environment.” In this work, the FAS23 was shown to be able to degrade high concentration authors investigated rhizobacterial communities associated of PCP (up to 300 mg/l) and to tolerate salt fluctuation. PCP with floristic consortia in different safe-sites located in degradation was further enhanced in the presence of glucose deglaciated terrain. Using DGGE and ARISA, they demon- and nonionic surfactant tween 80. The strain is considered as strated a clear correlation between soil maturation and a candidate for PCP bioremediation in polluted soils in arid bacterial diversity and a plant-specific effect leading to the areas. In another paper authored
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