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International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities

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International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities ISSN 2277 – 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.IRJMSH.com www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 7 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) The Study of Hill Tourism in Tamil Nadu: A Geographical Perspective K. Selvam*, P. Gangai** and A. Ganesh*** *Senior Geographer, Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala **Assistant Professor,, Dept. of Geography, Govt. College for Women, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu ***Professor, Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu ABSTRACT Tamil Nadu is situated in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula has over 20 centuries of cultural heritage and historic significance. The foremost of attractions in the state are its impressive temples, which are true edifices of a great and ancient culture vibrant and lively even today. Subsequently only to the pilgrimage and heritage locations in Tamil Nadu comes the scenic beauty of nature in and around the state in the form of forests, wildlife sanctuaries, hill stations and the long bio-diverse coastline. These locations provide immense opportunities for sightseeing, pleasure and leisure, to the visitors of various categories including adventure tourists. Tamil Nadu is a multi destination State with multifarious tourist attractions. In the present study an attempt is made to describe the Hill Station Tourism in Tamil Nadu. KEYWORDS: Tourism, Tamil Nadu, Hill, Mountain, Domestic Tourist and Foreign Tourist 1. Introduction Tourism is one of the sectors supporting to national economy e.g. Switzerland and Southeast Asian Countries like Singapore, Hong-Kong have tourism-based economy. International tourist arrivals worldwide registered a growth of 5 % during the year 2011, as compared to a growth of 6.6% during 2010 over 2009. The international tourist arrivals during 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were 990 million, 943 million, 885 million and 917 million, respectively. France maintained the top position in terms of arrivals in 2011, followed by United States of America (USA), China, Spain, Italy, Turkey, United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Malaysia and Mexico. These top 10 countries accounted for 44.4 % share of international tourist arrivals in 2011. India‘s rank in international tourist arrivals was 47th in 1998 and declined to 54th in 2002, however, since then, it has gradually improved to 38th in 2011. India‘s share in international tourist arrivals, increased from 0.40% in 1997 to 0.64% in 2011. During last 3 years there has been slight improvement in percentage share of India in World (Annual Report, 2011- 2012. Ministry of Tourism, Govt.of India). Tamil Nadu, the gateway of South India, has emerged as the hub for West Asia and South East Asia. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has declared 788 places in the world as heritage sites of which 611 are of cultural importance, 154 International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 54 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 7 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Natural and 23 a mixture of both. Out of 788 world heritage sites, 26 are in India, of which Tamil Nadu has been bestowed with 5 world heritage sites (i.e.) 1. Rock Cut monuments, Mamallapuram, 2. Brihadisvara temple, Thanjavur, 3. Iravadisvara temple, Darasuram, 4. Brihadisvara temple, Gangaikondacholapuram and 5. Nilgiris Mountain Railway. Tamil Nadu is a multi destination State with multifarious tourist attractions. 2. Tourists Arrival and Revenue in Tamil Nadu The total tourist arrivals and revenue of Tamil Nadu state have been worked out from 2001 to 2011and analyzed in the Table 1 and Fig 1& 2. The number of tourist arrivals in Tamil Nadu during 2001 was 245.9 lakhs which is increased to 1,400.6 lakhs in 2011. As a result foreign exchange earnings for Tamil Nadu was Rs.1913 crores in the year 2001, Rs. 2,556 crores in 2005, Rs. 8,246 crores in 2010 and it increased up to Rs. 10,160 crores in 2011. It is clear from the table that since 2001 the number of tourist arrivals in Tamil Nadu is constantly on a rise. As shown in Table 1.1, the number of domestic tourist arrivals in Tamil Nadu during 2001 was 238.12 lakhs which is increased to 1367.51 lakhs in the year 2011. In case of foreign tourist arrivals in Tamil Nadu is increased from 7.73 lakhs in 2001 to 33.08 lakhs in 2011. There has been a steady increase in both the domestic and foreign tourist arrivals to Tamil Nadu. After the implementation of the new economic policy in India, the arrivals of foreign tourists have increased considerably, because the travel in India became cheaper due to devaluation of rupee. Table 1: Tourist Arrivals and Revenue of Tamil Nadu, 2001-2011 Tourist Arrivals and Revenue, 2001-2011 Year Domestic Arrivals Foreign Arrivals Total Tourists Arrivals Revenue (in Number) (in Lakhs (in Number) (in Lakhs) (in Number) (in Lakhs) ( in Crore) 2001 238,12,043 238.1 7,73,073 7.7 245,85,116 245.9 1,913 2002 246,61,754 246.6 8,04,641 8.0 254,66,395 254.7 1,966 2003 270,59,002 270.6 9,01,504 9.0 279,60,506 279.6 2,066 2004 300,76,832 300.8 10,58,012 10.6 311,34,844 311.3 2,266 2005 323,39,478 323.4 11,79,319 11.8 335,18,787 335.2 2,556 2006 392,14,721 392.1 13,35,661 13.4 405,50,382 405.5 3,020 2007 506,47,188 506.5 17,53,103 17.5 524,00,291 524.0 5,430 2008 626,18,252 626.2 20,40,419 20.4 646,58,671 646.6 6,236 2009 780,37,607 780.4 23,69,050 23.7 804,06,657 804.1 7,171 2010 1030,10,435 1030.1 28,04,504 28.0 1058,14,939 1,058.1 8,246 2011 1367,51,000 1367.5 33,08,000 33.1 1400,59,000 1,400.6 10,160 Source: Compiled by Author based on Policy Reports, (2001-2011) Commissioner of Tourism, Tamil Nadu International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 55 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 7 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) 3. Need of the Study Tourism is considered as one of the world‘s largest industry. The tourism sector is a huge employer, creator of economic security and contributor to society. Tamil Nadu State is a popular hill station in southern India and tourist make regular visits to Hill Stations. In Tamil Nadu State tourism being the main source of revenue, after industry and agriculture. In this backdrop, the present study is to appraise the hill tourist attractions and to identify the location of hill stations in the State. 4. Review of Literature Kayastha (1956) in his paper on "Tourism Industry of Kangra, Kulu and Manali in Himalayan Beas Basin" has made an attempt to study the major tourist places in Himalayan Beas Basin. He has analyzed the problems of tourists visiting these places and given suggestion for further development. Robinson (1976) in his book ‗Geography of Tourism‘ has discussed the importance of Geographical components. Besides, the general descriptive aspects of tourism he gives an account of regional tourism for several countries. This book also has a good coverage of theoretical aspects of tourism and no analytical work has been done. Vinay Kumar Roy (1999) in his paper on "Geographical distribution of tourist places in Chhattisgarh region" has tried to give the geographical distribution pattern of tourist places in Chhattisgarh region. Babu (2010) has studied eco-tourism in the Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. He has suggest that there is need for further improvement of basic infrastructure and also proving detailed information about the tourist spot on the internet as most tourists seem to access the web to indentify the ideal destinations for their visits. Chauhan (2010) in his paper has analyzed the tourism potential of Tamil Nadu state and to highlight the significance of various tourist places especially Kannyakumari. This paper also encompasses people's perception regarding the tourism and to assess the impact of tourism on various developmental activities. He has suggests important measures to promote the tourism in the state of Tamil Nadu and to tap its potential properly. Jayakumar (2010) has studied eco-tourism in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu. He is suggested that local authority should form a Kodaikanal Lake Management Board and involve all the stakeholders in watershed-house owners, Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and others to plan and oversee the implementation of a well conceived lake master plan. 5. The Study Area Travel to the fascinating hill stations of Tamil Nadu, offering its tourists some very refreshing and relaxing surroundings for a rewarding getaway. Tamil Nadu State is situated at the south eastern extremity of the Indian Peninsula bounded on the north by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on the east by Bay of Bengal, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the west by Kerala state. The state of Tamil Nadu is geographically located between 8° 05' and 13° 35' North Latitude and between 76° 14' and 80° 21' East Longitude. Currently, Tamil Nadu has recorded 32 districts, 215 taluks, 385 blocks, 15,979 villages and 721 statutory towns and 376 census towns (2011 Census). Tamil Nadu shows rich variety and diversity in its geography and International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 56 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 7 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) climate with coastal plains co-existing with tropical rainforests, rivers valleys and hills stations.
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