GERMAN-JEWISH STUDIES Recent Developments in German-Jewish Studies the Leo Baeck Institute and German-Jewish Studies Noah Isenberg

ERSPECTIVES TheNewsletter of the Association for Jewish Studies AJSP Spring/Summer 2004

In This Issue: GERMAN-JEWISH STUDIES Recent Developments in German-Jewish Studies The Leo Baeck Institute and German-Jewish Studies Noah Isenberg ...... 6 Frank Mecklenburg ...... 10 The Study of Early German-Jewish Autobiographies ALSO...Reactions to Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ Liliane Weissberg...... 8 Adele Reinhartz/David Kraemer ...... 12/14 AJS Perspectives: The Newsletter TABLE of the Association for Jewish Studies President OF Judith R. Baskin University of Oregon CONTENTS Editor Riv-Ellen Prell From the Editor...... 3 University of Minnesota From the President ...... 4 Editorial Board Marc Brettler From the Executive Director ...... 5 Brandeis University German-Jewish Studies Jonathan Decter Brandeis University Recent Developments in German-Jewish Studies (1980–Present) Steve Fine Noah Isenberg ...... 6 University of Cincinnati The Study of Early German-Jewish Autobiographies Sara Horowitz Liliane Weissberg ...... 8 York University Inventing a Discipline: Heidi Lerner The Leo Baeck Institute and German-Jewish Studies Stanford University Frank Mecklenburg ...... 10 Frances Malino Wellesley College “The Passion of the Christ”: Reflections of Two Jewish Studies Scholars Deborah Dash Moore Adele Reinhartz ...... 12 Vassar College David Kraemer...... 14 Jane Rothstein New York University The Shtetl on the Silver Screen: Two Recent Films Jeffrey Shandler...... 15 Jeffrey Shandler Rutgers University The Island Within the Island: Steven Zipperstein A Call for Inter-Graduate Student Support AJS Vice President for Publications Keren McGinity...... 17 Stanford University Perspectives on Technology Managing Editor Hebrew in Bits and Bytes: Karin Kugel An Introduction to Coding and Formatting Executive Director of Hebrew Electronic Resources Rona Sheramy Heidi Lerner ...... 18 Graphic Designer Thanks to Aaron Katchen Matt Biscotti Lawrence H. Schiffman ...... 20 Wild 1 Graphics, Inc. Calendar of Conferences in Jewish Studies...... 29 Please direct correspondence to: Association for Jewish Studies Calls for Papers ...... 30 Center for Jewish History Awards and Announcements ...... Inside Back Cover 15 West 16th Street New York, NY 10011

(Cover Photo) Voice: (917) 606-8249 Albert Einstein and His Sister Maja with Umbrella, 1893 approx. Fax: (917) 606-8222 Courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York. E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.brandeis.edu/ajs

AJS Perspectives encourages submissions of articles, announcements, and brief letters to AJS Perspectives is published the editor related to the interests of our members. Materials submitted will be published at bi-annually by the Association the discretion of the editors. AJS Perspectives reserves the right to reject articles, for Jewish Studies. announcements, letters, advertisements, and other items not consonant with the goals and purposes of the organization. Copy may be condensed or rejected because of length or © Copyright 2004 Association for Jewish Studies style. AJS Perspectives disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. ISSN 1529-6423 network of graduate students in the In coming issues Perspectives will Boston area. She describes how their focus on teaching translated texts, FROM group began and what issues have Sephardic studies, and a variety of been important for them. We hope innovations in technology and media. THE that this will be a useful model for We hope that the AJS newsletter will other regional student networks. increasingly take up the key issues EDITOR Jeffrey Shandler’s discussion of films related to our teaching and research, about the shtetl, historical and and our relationship to the university Dear Colleagues, current, makes evident the value of and our communities. ur spring issue reflects the using film to analyze history and This issue is the first to be produced central concerns of AJS memory. Shandler rightly reminds us through the new AJS office. Karin Perspectives. The issue’s that we must be aware of our O students’ literacy in media even as we Kugel and Rona Sheramy have been theme is German-Jewish studies, one highly effective in ushering their first of the most exciting developments in teach through texts. Heidi Lerner’s issue of Perspectives through the both Jewish studies and German discussion of Unicode is essential for demands of production. We have studies of the past decade. We want anyone teaching with and about been helped by Miriam Intrator from our readers to have a sense not only Hebrew language. the Leo Baeck Institute and Shalom of how the field has developed of The debut of the controversial film, Sabar from the Center for Advanced late, but also an awareness of an The Passion of the Christ, directed by Judaic Studies at the University of important institution that anchors it Mel Gibson, led us to invite two Pennsylvania and Hebrew University and current research that is emerging scholars to see the film on its in finding photographs and other from it. Noah Isenberg’s overview of opening day and write about it for illustrations. Thanks also to Leslie German-Jewish studies examines Perspectives. I am exceptionally Morris of the University of recent intellectual developments and grateful to Adele Reinhartz and Minnesota for her help with the provides a review of contemporary David Kraemer for agreeing to do German-Jewish theme section, scholarship. Liliane Weissberg’s essay this in such a timely fashion. Many of including her thoughtful editing of on German-Jewish autobiographies us will be asked to comment on the Noah Isenberg’s essay to a in the late eighteenth and early film in classes, with friends and publishable length. nineteenth centuries is a rich account colleagues, and in our communities. of the complexity of life in the period If there is a topic on which we need a I appreciate the e-mails and and gives us a sense of the excitement “perspective,” this is certainly it. By comments I have received from you. of current research. Finally, Frank including this section we wish to Please continue to let me know what Mecklenburg’s description of the communicate to our readers that we is interesting, what isn’t, and what holdings and publications of the Leo are committed to dealing with topics you would like to be reading about. Baeck Institute makes clear that this that are both current and You can reach me at field is flourishing partly because of controversial. [email protected]. the foresight of those who established this institution. The issue concludes with an excerpt Riv-Ellen Prell from our immediate past president University of Minnesota We continue our regular columns on Lawrence Schiffman’s remarks upon Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the graduate student concerns, classroom University of Pennsylvania the retirement of Aaron Katchen, our teaching, and technology. We invited former executive director. Keren McGinity to write about a new

Association AJS welcomes proposal submissions in all fields of Jewish studies. for Jewish Studies The Call for Papers and proposal submission site can be found online at www.brandeis.edu/ajs. 36th Annual Conference Proposal Deadline: April 26, 2004. December 19-21, 2004 • Hyatt Regency Chicago • Chicago, Illinois

3 FROM THE PRESIDENT

Dear Colleagues, thanks of the organization at the conference Plenary Banquet (see am honored to assume the position Lawrence Schiffman’s remarks, p. 20). of president of the Association for our membership increasingly spans the I know all our members congratulate IJewish Studies. My election comes at continent; directors and chairs of over Aaron on his retirement and wish him a time of transition for our organization, eighty-five Jewish studies programs and the greatest of success in his future marked not only by a new executive departments are now part of a listserve endeavors. Thanks and best wishes are director, Rona Sheramy, and her begun by Arnold Dashefsky to discuss also due to Miranda Rich Winer who administrative assistant, Karin Kugel, but shared issues and concerns. During my served most ably as our administrative also by our move to the Center for presidency the Association for Jewish assistant in the Brandeis office in recent Jewish History in New York City. These Studies will establish a database of these years. I would also like to thank are among a number of changes in programs, their academic offerings, and Brandeis University for graciously recent years that include an increasingly the populations they serve. Another of making space and a variety of services professional organizational profile, a my early goals in office is to regularize available to us for a long period of time. significant growth in membership, and our relationships with regional and steady improvements in the services we international Jewish studies Our move to the Center for Jewish provide. My assumption of this office is organizations, including the Midwestern History in New York City offers both also indicative of an increasing diversity Jewish Studies Association, the Western challenges and opportunities. At the and inclusiveness in the AJS and its Jewish Studies Association, and the moment, significant efforts are being leadership. nascent Canadian association dedicated devoted to upgrading our membership to academic Jewish studies. I particularly database. Our new administrative staff is I am privileged to be working with an ensuring that all members who have met outstanding group of officers who have look forward to finding effective ways for us to work constructively with their financial obligations to the AJS are graciously volunteered their time and accurately listed on our rolls and are creative energies. I am glad to welcome fledgling and struggling Jewish studies programs in the former Soviet Union. receiving all AJS communications and Sara Horowitz of York University as Vice publications. I urge any members with President for Program; Ephraim Our thirty-fifth annual meeting at the unresolved concerns regarding their Kanarfogel of Yeshiva University as Vice Sheraton Boston Hotel, December status with the AJS to contact our New President for Membership and as our 21–23, was a wonderful success. The York office at once to regularize their representative to other learned societies; meeting set new records with five situation. Arnold Dashefsky of the University of hundred accepted papers and over 970 Connecticut as Secretary/Treasurer; and conference registrants. Excellent plenary You should have recently received the Steven Zipperstein of Stanford University, addresses were delivered by Michael “Call for Papers” for the Thirty-sixth in his second term as Vice President for Walzer, UPS Foundation Professor, Annual Conference, to be held at the Publications. I am also grateful for the Institute for Advanced Study, and Hilary Hyatt Regency Chicago, December guidance and support of our two Putnam, Cogan University Professor 19–21, 2004. I hope you will seriously immediate past presidents, Lawrence H. Emeritus, Harvard University; other consider submitting a paper abstract, Schiffman and David Berger. special events included a concert by the organizing a panel, or volunteering to chair a session in your field. While I am the third female president of Zamir Chorale of Boston and a number of film screenings. the Association for Jewish Studies, it is Judith R. Baskin also worth noting that I am only the None of the successful conferences on University of Oregon second president from an institution of which I worked would have been higher learning from the western United possible without the unstinting efforts of States. With the growth of Jewish our former executive director, Aaron studies across North America, however, Katchen. Aaron received the collective

4 FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Dear Colleagues, in her article, the AJS office also plans to compile data on Jewish t is a great pleasure and honor studies programs in North America to contribute to AJS Perspectives to numerous major Jewish scholarly so that scholars and institutions can Ias the third executive director of and cultural organizations, whose better access their academic the Association for Jewish Studies. staffs have been invaluable in requirements and offerings and plan As a longtime AJS member, I have helping the AJS settle in and for programmatic needs in the come to know and deeply value the streamline its operations. New York future. association as a vital resource for City itself has also proven to be a Jewish studies researchers and welcoming new home, with a Already, the AJS staff has been busy educators. In my new position as network of organizations designed refining its membership database in executive director, I look forward to to support the varied technology order to ensure timely and accurate building upon the achievements of and service needs of non-profit communication with members my predecessors in promoting groups such as ours. regarding membership and dues scholarship and teaching in Jewish status, publications, and conference studies. As the third executive director of matters. We are also assessing the the AJS, I inherit a very different association Web site with the goal The past several months have been organization from the one Charles of increasing its usefulness to a busy period of change for the AJS, Berlin helped bring into fruition members. In addition, with the marked most notably by the and the one Aaron Katchen 2004 annual conference in Chicago association’s move from the campus inherited at the beginning of his less than a year away, the AJS staff is of Brandeis University in tenure. Mirroring the phenomenal busy at work with the Program Massachusetts to the Center for expansion of Jewish studies in Committee to plan an informative Jewish History in New York. Special North America, the AJS has grown and productive meeting. thanks for ensuring the smoothness significantly over the past decades in of this transition go to my terms of its membership base, Over the coming year, you will hear immediate predecessor, Aaron conference size, role among learned more from the AJS office about Katchen, whose generosity of time societies in the United States, and many exciting changes taking place. and spirit have been instrumental to service to its members. With its Meanwhile, please feel free to stop the move’s success; former AJS move to New York City, the by our offices at the Center for administrative assistant Miranda organization is beginning yet Jewish History or drop a line with Rich Winer; new AJS administrative another exciting phase in its history, any suggestions regarding your assistant Karin Kugel; and the very as it plans to help scholars and hopes and visions for the gracious and welcoming staff and institutions meet the increased organization. I look forward to leadership of the Center for Jewish demand for Jewish studies courses working with you in the future. History. and research. Rona Sheramy The AJS’s new offices are situated Specifically, the AJS office aims to Association for Jewish Studies directly outside of the Center’s increase the year-round resources main reading room. This location provided to members, whether has already afforded the AJS staff through facilitating greater the opportunity to meet several communication among scholars, association members who are making pedagogical materials more conducting research or visiting an accessible, or raising awareness of exhibition. The AJS has also begun funding opportunities for research. to benefit from its close proximity As President Judith Baskin describes

5 topics, I confided in one of my outside of departments and programs in teachers that I wanted to focus on German studies. There are regular panels RECENT an area which I had hoped to call and special sessions at annually held “German-Jewish modernism.” professional meetings; summer seminars DEVELOPMENTS Although he recognized the sponsored by the Fulbright Commission intrinsic quality and richness of and the German Academic Exchange the texts and debates I wished to Service; national and international academic IN GERMAN- examine, he showed great conferences held at universities and colleges; apprehension at the thought of and finally, publication projects such as JEWISH STUDIES my being labeled a specialist in special issues of journals and university German-Jewish studies; he presses with either a specialized book series (1980–PRESENT) insisted, quite candidly, that this or general lists emphasizing this area of Noah Isenberg might somehow close off research. ike many other academic opportunities Scholarly Pioneers and their Legacy subfields, German-Jewish for Until the late 1970s, German-Jewish Lstudies has emerged from professional studies, if there was such a thing, was a range of different advancement, pursued for the most part by professional methodologies, scholarly that it might historians, either in the pages of the Leo disciplines, and general areas of be perceived Baeck Institute Year Book (which began inquiry, making its own contours as an academic publication in 1953), in the Institute’s inherently multidisciplinary and, West-German book series, in terms of basic definition, or in independent relatively elusive. It has drawn monographs. George L. considerable sustenance from Mosse published his highly such established fields as history, influential Germans and sociology, political science, and Jews: The Right, the Left, comparative literature, at the and the Search for a “Third same time gaining significantly Force” in Pre-Nazi from various theoretical Germany in 1970. As a Rabbi Jacob Joseph Oettinger in Berlin, 1840 enterprises, including feminism, Courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute, professor of German and Marxism, and cultural studies. New York. European history at the Although there does not yet exist a single University of Wisconsin at definitive core curriculum in German-Jewish stigma. It was a Madison, his work in and studies, there are a number of important practical matter, out of the classroom scholarly institutions (e.g., the Leo Baeck not an ideological affected an entire Institute, YIVO Institute, and the combined one, so he generation of young Center for Jewish History in New York); claimed, but it scholars, including Steven academic journals that frequently publish struck me at the Rabbi Gesa S. Ederberg holds a pulpit in Aschheim, Paul Breines, Weiden/Oberpfalz and is the director of the work on German-Jewish topics (e.g., Leo time as deeply Anson Rabinbach, and discouraging. I office of the German Masorti/Conservative Baeck Institute Year Book, New German Movement in Berlin. others—many of whom Critique, History and Memory); as well as a remained obstinate Photo by Roman Jurowetzki. would go on to contribute to host of recent book publications, edited in my plan, however, the general area of German-Jewish studies. anthologies, and single-authored and several years later, when I entered the In the early 1980s, New German Critique monographs alike, which together have job market, not only were there a number published three special issues dedicated to contributed to a discernable turn in German of tenure-track listings that highlighted “Germans and Jews,” selections of which studies over the past two decades. German-Jewish studies in their description, but the very fact that I had chosen to would later be included in the critical Before I set out to chronicle these specialize in this subfield proved, if anthology Germans and Jews Since the developments, let me present a brief anything, to be far more of an asset than a Holocaust (1986), edited by Anson personal tale, an allegory of sorts, with the liability. Rabinbach and Jack Zipes, two of the hope that it may shed some light on the journal’s founding editors. Like other such changing status of German-Jewish studies. Today, over half a decade later, there seems volumes (e.g., Jehuda Reinharz and Walter Not long after beginning my doctoral work to be no shortage of interest in German- Schatzberg’s The Jewish Response to German in German in the early 1990s, while I was Jewish literary and cultural history in the Culture: From the Enlightenment to the still mulling over prospective dissertation American academy—both within and 6 Second World War [1985]), Germans and directors become—or, in some cases, studies of German and German-Jewish Jews presented work by historians, political become once again—a part of the German writing, poetry, and prose, dealing with theorists, philosophers, and Germanists literary and cultural pantheon. The primary the Holocaust and with trauma, more from the United States and abroad. examples include Gilman and Karen generally. Alongside contributions by veteran writers Remmler’s Reemerging Jewish Culture in Among the recent sociological and historical and thinkers such as Jean Améry, Toni Germany: Life and Literature since 1989 studies are those dealing with the various Oelsner, and Manès Sperber, Germans and (1994); Dagmar C. G. Lorenz and Gabriele dilemmas faced by Jews during the Jews gave voice to a new generation of Weinberger’s Insiders and Outsiders: Jewish successive decades after the war, such as Y. critics and scholars, including Atina and Gentile Culture in Germany and Michal Bodemann’s edited volume Jews, Grossmann, Moishe Postone, and Martin Austria (1994); as well as the literary Germans, Memory: Reconstructions of Jewish Jay, the majority of whom were weaned on anthologies Contemporary Jewish Writing Life in Germany (1996), Lynn Rappaport’s the staples of the Frankfurt School and the in Austria (1998), edited by Lorenz, and Jews in Germany after the Holocaust: teachings of the American New Left. To be Contemporary Jewish Writing in Germany Memory, Identity and German-Jewish sure, the critical legacy of the Institute of (2002), edited by Leslie Morris and Relations (1997), and Michael Brenner’s Social Research and its associates has served Remmler. A number of recent volumes have After the Holocaust: Rebuilding Jewish Lives as an important scholarly emphasis which, attempted to forge new directions in in Postwar Germany (1997). In addition to though perhaps not fundamentally bound scholarship, both in the period after 1945 the scholarship predominantly focused on to German-Jewish studies, has left a serious (Morris and Zipes’s Unlikely History: The Jewish cultural life in West Germany, there impact on the field at large. Changing German-Jewish Symbiosis, have been studies of German-Jewish culture Against a similar backdrop, with the 1945–2000 [2002]) and before (Michael in former East Germany (e.g., Robin precedent having been set by a handful of Brenner and Derek Penslar’s In Search of Ostow’s Jews in Contemporary East senior scholars, mostly historians, and an Jewish Community: Jewish Identities in Germany: The Children of Moses in the Land academic climate increasingly attuned to Germany and Austria, 1918–1933 [1998]). of Marx [1989]; and John Bornemann and identity politics and cultural studies, Sander Arguably the most monumental of these Jeffrey Peck’s Sojourners: The Return of Gilman published his groundbreaking studies, both in terms of scope and level of German Jews and the Question of Identity Jewish Self-Hatred in 1986. Drawing on a scholarly collaboration, is the 1997 [1995]). Finally, a burgeoning area of vast assortment of literary and non-literary publication of the Yale Companion to Jewish research has emerged in tandem with the texts from the past several hundred years, Writing and Thought in German Culture, spate of new literature, from short fiction Gilman offered a panoramic account of the 1096–1996, edited by Gilman and Zipes. and essays to poetry and novels, written by diverse and sometimes contradictory German-Jewish Studies versus Jewish authors in both halves of Germany dynamics of German-Jewish identity Holocaust Studies after 1989 (Gilman and Remmler 1994; formation. Especially novel in his approach The study of the Holocaust has become Gilman, Jews in Today’s German Culture was the sustained attention given to a popular offering in the college and [1995]; Morris and Remmler 2002) and in stereotypes, to the perceived Otherness of university curriculum. This has served as contemporary Austria (Lorenz 1998). the Jew, to the key tropes of German-Jewish a double-edged sword for German- It is still too early to predict how this (as well as Yiddish and American-Jewish) Jewish studies. On the one hand, it has subfield will go on to establish itself as it literature, and the various kinds of cultural piqued interest among students, matures. It does seem plausible, however, iconography invoked in such works. scholars, and the general public in that there will remain staples of study— Gilman’s work on racial stereotyping and German history and culture from 1933 genres, figures, periods, debates, etc.—while cultural Otherness would prove instructive to 1945. On the other hand, it has the field continues to bring into discussion not only for German-Jewish studies, but for tended to overshadow that which additional neglected areas of research. cultural studies in general, an area in which preceded and followed these years. Put Finally, like other subfields, German-Jewish the German-Jewish sphere may be seen to simply, for all too many students (and a studies will have to adjust to the divergent figure merely as one among many spheres disproportionate number of scholars as methodological transformations that take of inquiry (see Russell Berman’s Cultural well), the history of German Jewry place in its midst, and only then will it be Studies of Modern Germany: History, would seem to follow a rather straight able to keep up with the challenges it Representation, and Nationhood [1993]). path toward Auschwitz; as for whatever continues to face. Anthologies and New Histories may have developed after 1945, for such One of the predominant tendencies in critics, it is of little significance. This is Noah Isenberg is Associate Professor of German-Jewish studies has been to bring not to say that there has not been solid German Studies at Wesleyan University. scholars together to write and rewrite the research on Jewish life during the Third This article appears courtesy of the Modern various strands of the larger history, to Reich (and Marion Kaplan’s work is a Language Association. ensure that Jewish writers, thinkers, and strong counterpoint). In the past few years, there have also been important 7 provided a turning point for his life: the experience of true Christianity, or the THE STUDY OF EARLY revelation of the New Testament’s teachings. This type of life story was GERMAN-JEWISH structured as a “before” and “after” in regard to this event. A second model AUTOBIOGRAPHIES extended to biographical texts and was a Liliane Weissberg Gelehrtenbiographie, or life account of a famous person. n 1823, the young German-Jewish decided to tell this audience who they For the Berlin Jewish writers who set out artist Jacob Liebmann (1803–1865) were, and what their lives were like. to write about their lives in the painted a peculiar still life. It shows a Several such accounts were written before I eighteenth century, neither of these theatrical curtain that is lifted to disclose a 1812, the year when legislation in Prussia models would apply. All of these authors combination of objects placed on a table, established legal names for its Jewish took the Enlightenment seriously, and including a Torah scroll, a shofar, a prayer population and granted Jews the rights of many were students of Immanuel book, and a circumcision knife. All of Kant. All of them wanted to establish these objects signify Jewish ritual life themselves as individuals whose life and tradition. One item in the lower stories should be of interest to a right hand corner, however, stands wider, non-Jewish audience. But out. It is an oval portrait of the there was no conversion to true philosopher and silk merchant Moses Christianity to report, and many of Mendelssohn (1729–1786), rendered these figures were not well known after a well-known painting by beyond the confines of their own Johann Christoph Frisch community. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s (1738–1815) that was completed Confessions, first published in sometime after 1778. Germany in the late eighteenth The portrait places these objects century in a few excerpts only, geographically as well as temporally provided a possible alternative. If in Jewish history. Just as the portrait Rousseau could venture to write is integrated into a still life of Jewish about his life because he regarded religious practice, it also points to a himself as a “unique” individual, so revision of this practice for which the perhaps could these Berlin Jews. But figure of Mendelssohn in some ways if their uniqueness made their lives stands. Following Mendelssohn, worthy of narration, how should Jewish tradition has been they proceed? reinterpreted within the framework Still life by Jacob Liebmann, 1823 Karl Philipp Moritz’s early of the Jewish Enlightenment, or citizenship. How did these authors use psychological journal, the Magazin zur Haskalah. And just as Mendelssohn had their newly acquired German language? Erfahrungsseelenkunde, published urged Berlin Jewry to keep to Jewish How could they speak about themselves? between 1783 and 1793, offered Berlin customs but study German, Liebmann And what did they want to tell? While Jews the first opportunity to write about designs a balancing act as well. His historians, philosophers, and literary their lives, and they did so as medical case picture reflects the Jewish religious critics have studied the emancipation studies. Thus, the Jewish objects in the style of Dutch or German debates of the late eighteenth century, the autobiographical subject established itself early modern paintings, still lifes that emergence of the so-called Jewish salons first as a pathological one. Authors such pictured flowers, fish, fowl, or fruit. in Berlin, and the development of Jewish as Moses Mendelssohn, Marcus Herz How can we understand early Jewish Enlightenment philosophy, my work has (1747–1803), and Lazarus Bendavid acculturation within a German cultural largely concentrated on autobiographies (1762–1832) complained about linguistic context? In the past few years, my work as firsthand accounts that speak of a difficulties and described physical pain, has concentrated on the writings of the desire to acculturate during this period. but soon the descriptions changed and German-Jewish Enlightenment of the late Judaism itself became the malady in need Within the German literary tradition, two eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. of a cure. While all the contributors to autobiographical models were available. I have been particularly interested in the journal saw an acculturation to their In the first one, the pietistic confession, Berlin authors who studied German, German surroundings as a road to the author related an experience that embraced a new German audience, and physical and mental health, many made 8 subversive arguments as well. ugly, naked feet of his nurse maid, which autobiography in a prison cell. Salomon Maimon (1754–1800) would made him aware of the importance of Ephraim’s account, first published in become the co-editor of the Magazin for beauty. Bendavid’s text subverts the 1806, gives evidence of the complicated the last two years of its publication. Born German literary tradition, just as relationship of Prussian politics and in Polish Lithuania, Maimon had moved Maimon’s story subverts the German Enlightenment philosophy, and of the to Berlin to study German and Kant’s philosophical one. In contrast to the great patriotism of a Prussian Jew in pre- philosophy. In 1792, he published two other case studies in the Magazin, emancipation times. Ephraim soon wrote short articles about his life in the journal, moreover, Bendavid does not establish a second, expanded edition of his political and soon he revised them into his himself as a pathological subject; he adventures, and his autobiography was Lebensgeschichte, a first-person narrative defines Judaism itself as a patient, even translated into French. It was one of and the first autobiography in book form suffering from its own “superstitious” the most successful of the early written in German by a Jew. Maimon’s practices and ceremonial rites. For him, autobiographies written by Berlin Jews. Mendelssohn’s portrait would serve as a autobiography was hailed as an These are just three examples, but they “authentic” account, not in the least contrast to the shofar, and with his account, Bendavid established himself as raise already important questions. What because of the work of his editor Moritz, does it mean that the authors of these who insisted on incorporating linguistic an already successful new Jewish citizen of the future. autobiographies established themselves as flaws into the text. Nevertheless, it was pathological subjects first, and what are praised as a work of acculturation, and as Benjamin Veitel Ephraim’s (1742–1811) the consequences of this discussion for a Bildungsroman of sorts—an account of life story contrasts very strongly with their social position, their philosophical Maimon’s intellectual development and those told by Maimon or Bendavid. He views, and Jewish acquisition of history? What is “Western” WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT THE AUTHORS OF THESE the importance learning. AUTOBIOGRAPHIES ESTABLISHED THEMSELVES AS PATHOLOGICAL and the role of Subversively, aesthetics in their however, Maimon SUBJECTS FIRST, AND WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS self-perception? was able to tell To what degree another story as DISCUSSION FOR THEIR SOCIAL POSITION, THEIR PHILOSOPHICAL did these well. He placed an autobiographies essay on the VIEWS, AND JEWISH HISTORY? contribute to a medieval Jewish sense of a philosopher Maimonides in the very was a member of Berlin’s financial elite, separate Jewish “nation,” or any other middle of his book, presenting him as a the son of a court Jew who helped construction independent of religious true figure of the Enlightenment to rival finance Frederick the Great’s wars, and he beliefs? How do these texts revise our Kant. Who, then, should acculturate to inhabited the most famous mansion in notions not only of German-Jewish whom? Berlin (the Ephraim Palais, which has writing, but also of the German literary Two other autobiographies of this period been rebuilt and houses the Berlin tradition, into which they entered and employed very different narrative Museum today). Tutored by both also transformed? Mendelssohn and his friend, the German strategies. Lazarus Bendavid, another In studying these texts, and considering contributor to the Magazin, published poet Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Ephraim tried his hand at literature as well, and their legacy for German-Jewish literature, his autobiography several years after I hope to contribute not only to the study Maimon, in 1806. Bendavid had won an wrote what is probably the first German drama ever written by a Jew. But Ephraim of German Jews and their acculturation to essay prize from the Berlin Academy, and their German environment, but also to a was thus asked to write his own was also a patriot of the state to which he could not (yet) belong. Still barred by his new understanding of German literature Gelehrtenbiographie. Indeed, he was the itself, as its tradition was not only first Jewish author to be asked to write Jewishness from holding citizenship, he nevertheless hoped to become a Prussian enriched but transformed by these one, and interestingly enough, Bendavid autobiographical texts. follows the model of the pietistic diplomat in Paris. In post-Revolutionary France, he tried to work on treaties autobiography—except that instead of Liliane Weissberg is the Joseph P. Glossberg depicting a religious conversion, Bendavid between France and Prussia, gave famous parties, and acquired an infamous Term Professor in the Humanities and describes his conversion to philosophy, Professor of German and Comparative and in particular to aesthetics. It is not reputation. Unable to navigate the dangerous waters of aristocratic politics, Literature at the University of the vision of Jesus and the revelation of Pennsylvania. true Christianity that provide a turning he was arrested on his way home to point in his life—but the vision of the Berlin and began to write his 9 suffered in the Holocaust; during that period, there were INVENTING A DISCIPLINE: no other organizations specifically advocating for the THE LEO BAECK INSTITUTE collection and maintenance of documents of German-Jewish AND GERMAN-JEWISH STUDIES history. Frank Mecklenburg Close to fifty years later, with the support of three hundred years, but including earlier hen you enter the reading generations of survivors, students, and periods as well. There are also constant room of the Center for Jewish scholars, German-Jewish studies has additions to the collections to include WHistory at 15 West 16th Street, emerged as a distinctive field of contemporary history and developments. you have access to the combined library scholarship, which not only offers and and archival collections of its three main The original plan of the founders of the engages historical and cultural analysis of research organizations—the YIVO Leo Baeck Institute in 1955 was to gather the Holocaust and the Third Reich, but Institute for Jewish Research (YIVO), the whatever documents were still available in also explores the richness of German- American Jewish Historical Society order to research and write the history of Jewish heritage. Without the (AJHS), and the Leo Baeck documentation collected, Institute (LBI). These processed, organized, and collections attract thousands of preserved at LBI, the study of researchers annually from this legacy would be far more around the world to study all difficult. Indeed, it took forty aspects of Jewish history. With years to write the history LBI’s collection alongside those envisioned by LBI’s founders: of YIVO and AJHS, German- German Jewish History in Jewish studies can now be Modern Times, 1600–1945 evaluated in the context of (published in English Jewish history throughout the [1996–1998], German [1996- Diaspora. 1997], and Hebrew [2000]). For almost fifty years, the The four-volume work was written documents, printed followed by an additional materials, and artistic objects of volume on the history of German-speaking Jewry have everyday life. This fifth volume been collected and preserved is currently available in German, through the efforts of the Leo German-Jewish History in Modern Times / edited by Michael A. Brenner; assistant and will appear in English in Baeck Institute, which, in editor, coordinator: Fred Grubel. (New York: Columbia University Press; 2004 and in Hebrew in 2005. Leo Baeck Institute, 1996-1998). Courtesy of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York. addition to its location in New Together, the five-volume York, has offices in Germany and centers German-speaking Jewry, a community history is an invaluable resource. which had been virtually decimated by the in Jerusalem and London. The LBI New The Institute’s publications serve as Nazis. The founders’ intention was to tell York relocated in the summer of 2000 to important venues for the scholarship that the story of German-speaking Jewry up to the Center for Jewish History and, in the collections make possible. Perhaps the the Holocaust; to reveal the important September 2001, opened a joint archive cornerstone of its periodical publications is cultural, scientific, and social contributions facility with the new Jewish Museum in the Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, an of Central European Jews before the Berlin. The collections of LBI New York annual collection of scholarly articles and catastrophe; and to portray the changing are now available on microfilm at the annotated bibliography on research lifestyles of Orthodox as well as Jewish Museum in Berlin. LBI’s holdings pertaining to all aspects of German- assimilated Jews in Central Europe over include more than 70,000 library titles, speaking Jewry. Additionally, a series of the preceding two hundred years. It is 4,000 linear feet of unpublished monographs (now numbering sixty-eight) important to note that the Leo Baeck documents in over 6,000 archival have been published over the years in the Institute was established at a time when collections, 1,500 memoir manuscripts, an LBI’s academic series (Wissenschaftliche the main organization of Jews from extensive art collection, and 30,000 Schriftenreihe) by the German publisher Central Europe, the Council of Jews from photographs. All of these sources pertain Mohr-Siebeck Verlag in Tübingen. Many Germany, was preoccupied with the to the history and culture of German- books have been published in conjunction speaking Jewry, mainly in the past two preparation of restitution claims for losses 10 HE VISION OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE EO AECK The vision of the founders of the Leo T L B Baeck Institute has turned out to be INSTITUTE HAS TURNED OUT TO BE CRITICAL TO POST- critical to post-World War II historical research. Access to the resources of the WORLD WAR II HISTORICAL RESEARCH. LBI in particular, and at the Center for Jewish History in general, means that the with the LBI. One of the best known, includes over 65 linear feet of entire spectrum of Jewish life—personal, Jewish Life in Germany: Memoirs from manuscripts, correspondence, and a professional, communal—can be studied Three Centuries, edited by Monika complete collection of articles and reviews under one roof. For a people of the Richarz (1991), draws on memoirs from by and about this distinguished historian. Diaspora, this is a remarkable feat. the archives. These and other LBI holdings are The archives are the truly unique available through the Institute’s online Frank Mecklenburg is the Director of centerpiece of LBI’s holdings. Efforts to catalogue (www.lbi.org), through which Research and Chief Archivist at the Leo preserve the heritage of German-speaking patrons may order specific materials Baeck Institute, New York. Jewry are ongoing, accelerated by the age electronically. The LBI’s Web site also of the survivor population. From the offers links to other resources and sites of many archival collections, one recent interest to scholars of German-speaking acquisition is worthy of specific mention: Jewry. the George L. Mosse Collection, which Thank You The Association for Jewish Studies wishes to thank the Center for Jewish History and its constituent organizations— the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, and the Yeshiva University Museum— for providing us with office space at the Center for Jewish History.

Additionally, the AJS would like to thank the Leo Baeck Institute (www.lbi.org) for the use of photographs for reprint in this issue.

EXHIBITIONS AT THE CENTER FOR JEWISH HISTORY Vienna: Jews and the City of Music, 1870-1938 [through June 30, 2004] Jewish Costumes in the Ottoman Empire: The Jews and the Turks Living Together for 500 Years [March 31 – May 15] Luminous Manuscript [opens April 4] Salon Paintings of the Leo Baeck Institute [through May 13] Alfred Kantor: An Artist’s Diary of the Holocaust [through June 13] Archie Rand: Iconoclast [through August 15, 2004] Margalit Mannor: The Philistines are Coming (Photopleshet) [through May 2, 2004] Janet Indick: Joyful Noise [through August 15, 2004] Tsirl Waletzky: Yerushe (Inheritance) [through May 2, 2004] Longing for the Sacred: Destroyed Synagogues [May 16-August 15, 2004] Rebecca Singer and Fred Spinowitz: Blessings and Bridges [May 16-August 15, 2004] Traders on the Sea Routes: 12th-Century Trade Between East and West [Ongoing]

Further information regarding programs, exhibits, and fellowships sponsored by the Center for Jewish History and its constituent organizations can be found at www.cjh.org.

11 Absolutely. The reason lies not servant text in Isaiah 53: “He was so much in the portrayal of despised and rejected by men, a man of REFLECTIONS Jewish characters. One might sorrows, and familiar with suffering. Like regret that Gibson did not one from whom men hide their faces he ON GIBSON’S make the attempts evident in was despised, and we esteemed him not. some other movies about Jesus Surely he took up our infirmities and (e.g., The Last Temptation of carried our sorrows, yet we considered “THE PASSION Christ [1988], Jesus of him stricken by God, smitten by him, and Montreal [1989], The Gospel of afflicted.” Even in the New Testament OF THE CHRIST” John [2003]) to soften the period, this text, which predates Jesus by Adele Reinhartz Gospels’ harsh portrayal of the several centuries, was read as a prophecy fter months of media coverage Jewish authorities and the of Jesus’ own divinely mandated suffering and speculation, I entered the crowds who followed them. At the same on behalf of humanity. To this motif, screening of Mel Gibson’s The time, Gibson is certainly not unique in Gibson adds another traditional element, A portraying Caiaphas as a bloodthirsty, hints of which can also be found in the Passion of the Christ with two questions. First, is this a “good” movie, or not? That Gospels. God and Satan are locked in a is, does it provide good entertainment, cosmic battle. The death of God’s son does it keep one thinking after the film is on the cross, an event that should have done, does it make one look at the world signaled God’s defeat, is God’s victory in a new way? Second, does it foster over Satan once and for all. antisemitism? Here are my preliminary In the Gospels, this cosmic theme exists responses. in an uneasy paradox with the very First: No, this is not a good movie. At human story of a man who is preyed least, I did not enjoy it. The endless upon and wrongfully executed by the violence left me stunned, as if I too had political powers of his day. The film been clobbered senseless by one of the intensifies this paradox by accentuating instruments of torture that the Romans both the cosmic and physical sides of use endlessly on the poor broken man Jesus’ passion. The cosmic side is who is Jesus. My numbness, which should amplified by the periodic appearance of have been wrought from compassion for an androgynous figure with female Jesus, felt suspiciously like boredom; the features, shaved eyebrows, and a deep, 127 minutes of the film felt about as long masculine voice. The film points to the as the twelve hours that it attempted to Jews as the instruments of Satan who depict. The surfeit of visual and aural initiate the events that will lead to Jesus’ The arrest of Jesus. This image is from a stained glass in the death. Indeed, the Jews themselves violence leaves little room for subtleties of parish church of Dalhelm in Gotland, Sweden. It dates from plot and characterization, or for the about the second quarter of the fourteenth century. The become Satan at certain points. In one nuance, mystery, and depth that make for funnel-shaped hats derive from the twelfth-century dress scene, Judas is approached by two young required of Jews. The depiction of Jews with hats and beards Jewish boys wearing skullcaps (Jesus and a great film. I never lost myself in the here is meant to emphasize their association with the Passion. film; the actors never disappeared into the The image is from The Jews in Christian Art: an Illustrated his male followers, though we know they parts that they were playing. Were it not History. Heinz Schreckenberg. (Continuum: New York, 1996), must be Jewish, do not have their heads p. 177. Courtesy of the Center for Advanced covered). But these boys soon turn into for the highly charged topic and its Judaic Studies Library, University of Pennsylvania. devil-children, disfigured, ugly, and relevance to my current research, this film scheming villain who will do everything in would have disappeared from my vicious; they multiply in number as they his power to persuade the suave, pursue him to the outskirts of the city, consciousness the moment I left the compassionate Pilate to order Jesus’ theater. where he eventually commits suicide. crucifixion. Later we see the Satan figure holding a Second: Does it foster antisemitism? To More disturbing than this play upon young child, who then turns around and the question, Is the film itself antisemitic? traditional stereotypes is the pervasive smiles wickedly at the camera, in a I would answer no. I believe Mel Gibson association of the Jews with Satan. The demonic perversion of the Madonna and when he says that he did not intend the film sets the particular events that child image. No doubt these images are film to stimulate hatred towards Jews. constitute Jesus’ passion into a larger meant to be symbolic; the transformation Does it have the potential to support the prophetic framework. This context is of Jewish children into demons is charge of deicide that has been at the announced in the very first frames of the apparently a figment of Judas’ guilty and center of Christian antisemitism? film, which scroll a version of the suffering tortured mind. But how chilling that this 12 film, whether knowingly or not, plays important exception of Roberto unfamiliar with the Gospels will have upon the age-old trope of Jews as the Rossellini’s The Messiah (1975), an Italian difficulty making sense of them. children of the devil, a These features do not motif that has its source GIBSON’S “PASSION” ULTIMATELY IS A TWO-HOUR redeem the film for me. in John 8:44, in which Gibson’s Passion Jesus declares that the BLOODY MARATHON THAT ADDS A WHOLE NEW SET OF ultimately is a two-hour Jews who do not believe bloody marathon that in him have the devil as IMAGES TO THE ANTISEMITIC REPERTOIRE THAT HAS adds a whole new set of their father. images to the antisemitic This is not to say that BEEN BUILT UP OVER THE AGES, READILY AVAILABLE TO repertoire that has been the film did not have THOSE WHO CHOOSE TO USE IT built up over the ages, some positive features. . readily available to those The cinematography is stunning, and the who choose to use it. dramatic soundtrack is compelling. The film that was never commercially released most touching moments in the film in North America. The flashbacks to Adele Reinhartz is Dean of Graduate involve Jesus and his mother. Their scenes in Jesus’ youth and ministry Studies and Research, and Professor in the relationship is developed far beyond what provide welcome, if brief, respite from the Department of Religion and Culture at is present in the sources, and beyond what relentless violence that characterizes most Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, any other filmmaker has done, with the of the film, though I suspect that viewers Ontario, Canada.

CALL FOR PAPERS TO ALL JEWISH STUDIES SCHOLARS We are happy to invite you to send proposals for papers and sessions to be presented at the Fourteenth World Congress of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem July 31 – August 4, 2005. The Organizing committees of the Congress Divisions wish to draw attention to the subjects listed below: Division A: The Bible and Its World Division B: History of the Jewish People Division C: Rabbinic Literature, Jewish Law, and Jewish Thought Division D: Literatures, Languages, and Arts Division E: Contemporary Jewish Society The Congress will again incorporate special sessions organized by related associations and research bodies into the framework of the Congress deliberations. These include: Gender and Women’s Studies, the Study of Jewish Names (Onomastics), Mesorah Studies, Archival Studies, research on Latin American Jewry, Jewish Demography, and others. Scholars wishing to lecture in one of the five divisions of the Congress are invited to submit two titles, accompanied by a descriptive outline of half a page for each proposal. Kindly send it on a computer diskette. The time allowed for each presentation is 20 minutes, with an additional 10 minutes devoted to discussion. Each panel will include four lectures. Those interested in proposing subjects for a session of four lectures should include the names of lecturers willing to participate in this panel and suggested lecture titles (along with the appropriate descriptions). Proposals can be sent also by e-mail to [email protected]. Proposals should be submitted to the Executive Secretary of the Congress no later than October 31, 2004. The World Union of Jewish Studies The Hebrew University The Rabbin World Center of Jewish Studies P.O.B. 24020, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel Tel: +972-2-5325-841, +972-2-5325-781, FAX: +972-2-5325-910 Email: [email protected] www.jewish-studies.org

13 understand that the Servant, hour’s worth of exaggerated visualization? Israel, suffers to atone for the To whom and for whom can such a MEL GIBSON’S sins of the people, thus cinematic exercise possibly speak? assuring future restoration. The The answer to the latter question, it “THE PASSION Jew suffering the persecutions seems to me, is obviously and of Antiochus is invited to unavoidably for Gibson himself. What we OF THE CHRIST” realize that, along with the witness on the screen are mostly the David Kraemer martyrs of II Maccabees, he or ghosts and goblins of his psyche (for, she will enjoy reward in a despite his claims to the contrary, it is s one review after another future life. The same notions comforted often difficult to recover actual scripture appeared during the week Mel Jews who suffered at the hands of the from under the hyperbole he heaps upon Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ A crusaders: the merit of their slaughtered it). I know nothing about Gibson’s was to be released, I anticipated the film innocent children, like that of the biblical personal life or experiences. After seeing with increasing trepidation. The reviews Isaac, assures their future salvation. And, the film, however, there is one thing I left no doubt about the bloody brutality of course, Jesus offers the same promise certainly know: I have no interest in depicted in the film—along with the to Jews (and others) suffering at the learning more. gothic stylization and frighteningly hands of their Roman rulers. distorted satanic figures—and, you see, I As far as the former, more important It is this understanding of the Passion don’t do horror films. This time, however, question—to whom will this vision of narratives that I have often shared with having agreed to the editor’s invitation to Jesus’ torture speak?—I can only guess at students over the years. It has always share my response to Gibson’s film, I had the answer. My hope, I admit, is that it seemed to me important to overcome no choice. will speak to few Christians, for I am some of the estrangement that Jews feel afraid to imagine what they might Of course, I am abundantly genuinely identify with in the aware of the important place of repeated and sadistic beatings narratives of suffering—and EGRETTABLY THE FILM WILL SPEAK TO R , represented in this film. even gore—in the history of Regrettably, the film will speak religions, including Judaism. ALMOST NO JEWS, AND, IF MY EXPERIENCE IS to almost no Jews, and, if my The Suffering Servant of Isaiah experience is at all typical, it will 52:3; the tortured deaths of AT ALL TYPICAL, IT WILL ALIENATE MANY. alienate many. For those of us Eliezer the Elder and the who view Jesus as a man, the Mother and her Seven Sons of II from Christianity, to appreciate that the extreme torture he is made to suffer at Maccabees 6:7 (along with the Talmudic notion of expiatory suffering emerges Gibson’s cinematic hands will make us extensions of this same legend); the from—and continues to be sustained in— want to run. This is an unfortunate “martyrdoms” of the pious Jewish a thoroughly Jewish context. A religion consequence of the film, because there is parents and their (murdered) children of must make suffering meaningful, I have much in the early Christian-Jewish story the Crusader Chronicles; and, yes, the argued. Otherwise it has very little to with which we might identify, and much Passion of Jesus (the Jew), all come offer humans whose lot, all too often, has we can learn from it. Gibson’s vision immediately to mind. Usually, however, been to suffer. erects an insurmountable barrier before these narratives are not recounted to But the hyperbolic suffering of Gibson’s these preferred possibilities, and that is his impress the audience with their horror. cinematic Jesus I could never teach, true failure. Indeed, each has more or less the same because, as a Jew living in America in the purpose: helping to make sense of the early twenty-first century, I cannot make David Kraemer is Professor of Talmud suffering that the audience itself has sense of it. I ask myself: With what in this and Rabbinics at the Jewish Theological experienced. Each narrative emerges in a grotesque and graphic suffering can the Seminary. particularly brutal context, and each seeks modern American believer identify? Ours to transform senseless suffering into is not a generation suffering at the hands redemptive promise. To this end, the of violent oppressors. On the contrary, believer desperately needs the religious ours is arguably the generation that has narrative. suffered less—physically—than any other In each case, the pious sufferer is invited in human history. to identify with the suffering hero, be this So what is the point of taking a few brief, hero human or divine. The defeated suggestive verses in (Christian) scripture Israelite, exiled from his or her homeland and extending them to well over an by the Babylonians, is meant to 14 ilms figure with increasing frequency facilitated in Jewish studies—as teaching tools, multiple HE HTETL ON Fas subjects of research, or as points vicarious T S of entry, often arising serendipitously in journeys to the conversations with students and colleagues. shtetl, whether THE SILVER SCREEN: Feature films and documentaries not only in stagings of provide a source of widely shared literary classics TWO RECENT FILMS information on the Holocaust—easily the (e.g., the 1928 Jeffrey Shandler most frequently filmed chapter of Jewish film Durkh history—they also deal with Israeli life, the trern, based on Sholem Aleichem’s Motl into the shtetl. As is often the case with place of Jews in modern societies around stories) or in escapist musical comedies memory projects, their analysis ultimately the world, and sometimes touch on issues (Yidl mitn fidl, filmed on location in tells us more about the rememberer than of religious practice or even Jewish Kazimerz na Wislu in 1936). the remembered. mysticism. Whether or not scholars are The two recent shtetl films in question are Indeed, despite their shared topic, these happy with the images and information in something quite different. Whether made two films offer divergent conjurings of the these films (often they are not), these in situ or on sets erected in the New Jersey shtetl. As its title intimates, Moi Ivan, toi works’ prominence at the very least Abraham offers a multicultural view of the demands scholarly shtetl. The film’s plot attention as phenomena of centers around the Jewish vernacular culture friendship of its two and as points of reference eponymous in public discussion. characters—Ivan, a Therefore, our students’ Russian Roma literacy in film, which is (Gypsy) boy often more developed than apprenticed to a their fluency with the kinds Jewish family, whose of texts that scholars in youngest member is Jewish studies typically deal Abraham. Characters with, should not be in their anonymous disparaged; instead, it shtetl variously speak should be seized as a Yiddish, Russian, strategic opportunity for Polish, and Romani; engaging students in these languages analytic exercises. delineate ethnic Consider, for example, two divides and class French films portraying tensions as well as evince cultural shtetl life on the eve of the Production still from Moi Ivan, Toi Abraham, directed by Yolande Zauberman, 1993. Holocaust: Moi Ivan, toi hybridity and social Abraham (Ivan and Abraham), directed countryside (e.g., Yankl der shmid, 1938), fluidity. Ivan, for example, speaks Yiddish by Yolande Zauberman (1993), and Train Yiddish films of the interwar years draw on with his Jewish employers. de Vie (Train of Life), directed by Radu living memory, however attenuated, of The film’s image of shtetl life is gritty, Mihaileanu (1999). Their subject has, of Jewish life in Eastern Europe’s small brooding, and earthy. Characters are course, been a primary locus of Jewish towns, where millions of Jews still resided. repeatedly shown clinging to one another memory culture since the latter half of the A half century after World War II, efforts and are often sitting or lying on the nineteenth century, when Jews began to set a film in the shtetl face the daunting ground or floor, suggesting their leaving small market towns both task of reenacting a lost quotidian. rootedness in the shtetl milieu. Filmed in geographically and ideologically. In Moreover, they are works of memory that black and white, Moi Ivan, toi Abraham addition to an extensive corpus of rely not so much on recollections of actual recalls interwar photographs such as the literature, the shtetl has also been treated experience as on the received work of Alter Kacyzne or Roman Vishniac, in memoir writing, works of visual art, remembrances of others, encoded in which presented the shtetl through the eye music, theater, and—especially in the narratives and images produced by of an observer from outside, drawn to its decade preceding World War II—film. The previous generations. By virtue of their exoticism and decadence. The aura of interwar Yiddish cinema in the United elaborate scale, these films epitomize decay—crumbling buildings, shabby States, Poland, and the Soviet Union postwar efforts to imagine one’s way back clothes—pervades the shtetl of the film. 15 The vulnerable marginality of its setting is 1990s (including La Vita e Bella [Life is While ostensibly transporting viewers back established at the beginning by a title Beautiful, 1999] and Jakob the Liar to the same time and place, these two films locating the action “somewhere at the [1999], the English-language version of offer complementary visions of the shtetl Polish border during the 1930s,” the film, Jakob, der Lügner [1975]), Train on the eve of the Holocaust. Moi Ivan, toi culminating with the shtetl’s destruction de Vie relates a fantasy of Jewish ingenuity Abraham evinces a desire to remember the by antisemitic vandals at the film’s end. and pluck in outwitting Nazi persecution, shtetl as a site of doomed Jewish Train de Vie, set in indigeneity, imbricated another unnamed town, WHILE OSTENSIBLY TRANSPORTING VIEWERS BACK TO THE among other east also deals with the shtetl Europeans. Train de near its demise. The SAME TIME AND PLACE, THESE TWO FILMS OFFER Vie offers a vision of action takes place during the shtetl as playful, the summer of 1941, as COMPLEMENTARY VISIONS OF THE SHTETL transcendent, a mythic Germans are murdering locus of guileless the Jewish populations ON THE EVE OF THE HOLOCAUST. Jewish resilience. of small towns across Watching these films eastern Europe. Despite this grim setting, in which the town’s Jews flee en masse on together, or comparing them with prewar, Train de Vie offers a light, whimsical a train they acquire, masquerading as Yiddish-language shtetl films or works of shtetl; colorful, playful, and almost Germans. At the film’s center is Shlomo, shtetl literature (from Sh. Y. Abramovitsh exclusively Jewish in its population, it is as the self-proclaimed village idiot who to Jonathan Safran Foer), provides rich indebted to Fiddler on the Roof (1971), as concocts the escape plan. Whereas Moi opportunities to consider the range and Moi Ivan, toi Abraham is to the fiction of Ivan, toi Abraham is defined by the dynamics of shtetl remembrance, Isaac Babel or Isaac Bashevis Singer. And dynamic of its two youthfully naïve demonstrating the mutability of memory like Fiddler, Train de Vie offers postwar protagonists, Train de Vie has at its center in response to the changing relationship audiences a more accessible shtetl. Rather an adult naif. Both films thus facilitate an between the shtetl and those who wish to than simulating its complex innocence of the imminent consequences recall it. multilingualism, the characters in Train de awaiting their towns, providing audiences Vie all speak French, inflected with the entrée to the shtetl as if they were unaware Jeffrey Shandler is Assistant Professor in the occasional Yiddishism. One of a spate of of its fate. Department of Jewish Studies at Rutgers “Holocaust comedies” made in the late University.

DEPARTMENTS OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE PROFESSIONS AND TEACHING & LEARNING JOINT APPOINTMENT ASSOCIATE/FULL PROFESSOR The Steinhardt School of Education seeks an established scholar to direct a doctoral program in Education and Jewish Studies. The candidate must have a doctorate and an outstanding scholarly record in such fields as curriculum, teaching and learning, school leadership or disciplinary-based educational research, and at the same time, must be knowledgeable with respect to the current realities and needs of the field of Jewish education. Responsibilities of the position include research, teaching, program development and administration, grant development and mentoring students. Please send letter of interest, curriculum vitae, and contact information for three references to: Richard Arum, Chair, Jewish Education Search Committee, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences in the Professions, New York University, Steinhardt School of Education, 246 Greene Street #300W, New York, NY 100003-6677. NYU appreciates all responses, but can only respond to qualified can- didates. Review of applications will begin immediately and will continue until the search is completed. NYU is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

16 s many graduate students know, common both working on a dissertation is often the energy to HE SLAND A isolating. In times past, we support each T I enjoyed the luxury of lengthy post- other in our seminar discussions at Starbucks; now, we career/life WITHIN THE ISLAND: are focused on becoming specialists and pursuits and on finishing. When I received a flyer in the wish to A CALL FOR April of 2003 about a graduate student hear about roundtable in Jewish gender studies, I each other’s was thrilled. The roundtable was initiated research INTER-GRADUATE and facilitated by Shulamit Reinharz, interests. founding director of the Hadassah- During the STUDENT SUPPORT Brandeis Institute, in order to introduce past nine Keren McGinity graduate students in the field to one months since focus on how, for scholars of Jewish another and to offer them tools for the original roundtable, the DG3 has met gender studies, the personal and the dealing with mutual issues and attaining four times in different locales around intellectual inevitably intersect. “The common goals. As participants’ life Boston. Members have taken turns personal is political” was the slogan of circumstances figured into discussions on circulating scholarship in advance, and second-wave feminism in the 1970s. publishing Perhaps the motto of opportunities, funding, third-wave feminists and job searches, it could be: “The personal occurred to me that I is professional.” Now knew of no organization that women have gained dedicated to supporting entrance to the ranks of graduate students’ work tenured faculty and and their personal lives. risen as high as to Here was an become university opportunity for presidents, junior interested students to scholars need guidance establish an independent and encouragement group and to determine about how to balance its purpose. academic careers and The Dafna Graduate Some of the participants in the graduate student roundtable in Jewish gender studies, held in April 2003 personal lives. Our Gender Group (DG3), at the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute: (left to right) Shulamit Reinharz, Nizan-Deborah Stein, group, therefore, set as named in memory of Sheryl Mandlinger, Deborah Skolnick Einhorn, Keren R. McGinity, Tobin Belzer, Susan Kahn, its goal to promote Miranda Rich Winer, Orna Teitelbaum. Dafna Izraeli, founder of public discussion of this the gender studies program at Bar Ilan have provided feedback on each other’s critical issue within academia. work. In addition, members have University in Tel Aviv, began by deciding Although there is much work left to do, discussed relationships with advisors, what each member wanted to get out of the future of the DG3 looks promising. biological clocks, religious observance, group meetings. Orna Teitelbaum, a We are fortunate to know many and the toll of caring for ill parents. The student at the Graduate Theological accomplished scholars in Jewish gender intellectual and the personal mix freely in Union in Berkeley completing studies willing to share their experiences these discussions. coursework on gender role formation in of balancing personal and professional rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity, In order for a new group devoted to ambitions. My sense is that there are hoped to “enrich [her] intellectual self... Jewish gender studies to endure and to many graduate students in Jewish studies and to broaden the base of people that attract more members, however, it must programs across the country who would [she] engaged with.” Deborah Skolnick distinguish itself from organizations that be interested in similar networking Einhorn, who is a Ph.D. student at already exist. Remembering hushed opportunities. Brandeis University researching conversations about marriage and contemporary American-Jewish women’s reproduction at the 2001 American Keren McGinity is a Ph.D. candidate in philanthropy, sought to share work and Academy for Jewish Research graduate history at Brown University. to better understand current scholarship, student summer seminar on history and the employment market, and challenges memory, I suggested that our group for women. As a group, we had in 17 ASCII was later extended to 8 bits to PERSPECTIVES ON TECHNOLOGY include accented characters for other Western European languages. Other international standards developed to HEBREW IN BITS AND BYTES: include character sets such as Greek and Hebrew. However, 8-bit AN INTRODUCTION TO character encoding was limited to 256 characters, and these standards CODING AND FORMATTING were usually inadequate when users wanted to work in more than one language at once. Applications using OF HEBREW ELECTRONIC such standards are forced to switch between character sets to obtain RESOURCES characters or symbols not provided Heidi Lerner by the normally used default set. To uring the past two decades, many evolving research environment requires make matters more complicated, earlier Hebraic language electronic that Jewish studies specialists know the DOS and Apple programs used character Dresources became available in basics of multilingual and multiscript sets that did not comply with international both Hebrew and Latin scripts. These computing. standards. texts, databases, and Unicode Version 4.0 encodes over bibliographic tools either 95,000 characters, covering most required researchers to modern and historic scripts. transliterate (romanize) the text Unicode has the potential to using Latin characters, or to use a encode over a million characters. proprietary and stand-alone The Unicode Standard also gives software program that displays specifications for the presentation Hebrew characters using special of bi-directional text: Hebrew, fonts and add-on features. Arabic, etc., are properly output Romanization of Hebrew is as right-to-left. problematic at best: There are Hebrew and MS Windows many different schemes in use Unicode support is provided in today, and to provide correct Windows 2000 and Windows XP, vocalization, a strong knowledge and, in a more limited scope, in of Hebrew grammar is required. Windows 98, NT4, and ME. What Most of us have experienced this means is that users can create great frustration in trying to and disseminate documents that are locate Hebraica materials in directly readable, searchable, and library catalogs and periodical printable in Hebrew and Latin indexes that are in the Latin scripts. Scholars can cut and paste alphabet only. Academic journals Hebrew text directly from Unicode- and encyclopedias vary in their based resources into Word, send requirements for transliteration of Hebrew e-mail in Outlook and Hebraica. Diacritics are required Outlook Express, and mix scripts to represent certain Hebrew characters. within documents. Windows XP and Additional diacritics are employed to ASCII versus Unicode Windows 2000 also support bi- represent special consonants employed by A computer records text as a sequence of directionality, allowing users to use most the many and diverse Jewish languages numbers in binary form. One of the software both from left-to-right and right- written in Hebrew characters. earliest standards for numerically encoding to-left (provided that the programs allow the Latin alphabet was the American At the same time, users of Hebrew script for bi-directional use). In addition, Standard Code for Information software have been faced with difficulties Microsoft Proofing Tools offers special Interchange (ASCII). This 7-bit code (a when attempting to share their work with editing tools for Hebrew: thesauri, “bit” is a single “binary digit” with a value anyone, communicate via e-mail, or spelling and grammar checkers, a of 0 or 1) only covered 128 characters, transfer files between programs and translation dictionary, and specialized consisting of the English alphabet, operating systems. Today’s rapidly fonts. The other more proprietary and numbers, punctuation and some symbols. 18 often incompatible formats do not allow DEFINITIONS: (ISO-8859-8-I) is selected, click on the same ease for interchanging data Bi-directional Display (BIDI): The Hebrew Visual (ISO-8859-8). If between databases and application process or result of mixing left-to-right Hebrew Visual (ISO-8859-8) is software. Hebrew support is not yet oriented text and right-to-left oriented selected, click on Hebrew (Windows- available for Macintosh versions of text in a single line. 1255). You can also try Hebrew (ISO- Internet Explorer or Office. The Netscape Character: The minimal unit of encoding 8859-8-I). 7 Web browser is Unicode-compatible. for a character set. A character often I need to insert a special diacritic or Most of the Hebrew fonts bundled with corresponds to a single graphic sign of a symbol in Word?: Select a Unicode font, Windows (Times New Roman, Arial, writing system, e.g., a letter or a all of which offer a full array of diacritics. Tahoma, Courier New, Arial Unicode, punctuation mark. You can (A) Click where in the Lucida Sans Unicode, David, and Miriam) Character Set: A table that assigns codes document you want to insert the do not support cantillation (te’amim) or to characters so that the characters can be character. Open the Insert menu and even some of the non-standard nikud. For stored and manipulated in computer click Symbol. Click the Special these characters, special Unicode fonts are applications. Characters tab and double-click the required that support Hebrew fully and Code point: A numerical index (or character you want to insert. (B) Use some that are already available include SIL position) in an encoding table used for Character Map by opening Start menu/ Ezra Hebrew Unicode Fonts (freeware encoding characters. Programs/Accessories/System produced and distributed by the Summer Diacritic: A small mark added above, Tools/Character Map. Windows Institute of Linguistics below, or after a base character to change 2000/XP users may check Advanced [www.sil.org/computing/ its pronunciation. View; set Character Set to Unicode; catalog/show_software.asp?id=76]), and Encoding: The process of assigning and group by Unicode Subrange. Next, Code2000 and Code2001 fonts characters to available code points so that choose Hebrew to display the full array (shareware, produced by James Kass the characters can be represented in of Hebrew characters in the selected [home.att.net/~jameskass/code2001.htm]). computer applications. font. Double-click on the selected Font: A collection of glyphs used for the character, or highlight a character and Hebraica Resources visual depiction of character data. A number of important electronic click on Select. The character(s) can then Glyph: An image used in the visual be pasted into Word. resources in Jewish studies now use depiction of characters. Often, for a given Unicode. These include: the most recent font, there is a one-to-one relationship editions of the Bar-Ilan Judaic Library, Heidi Lerner is the Hebraica/Judaica between an encoded character and a Cataloger at Stanford University. some publications from Mechon Mamre, glyph. But in languages with complex the Penn/Cambridge Genizah Fragment writing, one character may correspond to Resources: Project based at the University of several glyphs, or several characters to one Pennsylvania’s Schoenberg Center for 1. Unicode home page: www.unicode.org glyph. 2. Hebrew Computing on Windows (Web Electronic Text and Image, and Logical order: Order in which characters bibliographic databases including the site, maintained by Tsuguya Sasaki): are typed on a keyboard. www.jewish-languages.org/windows.html Eureka interface to the RLIN database, Nikud/Te’am : See “Diacritic.” the Index to Hebrew Periodicals (IHP), 3. Issues in the Representation of Pointed Visual order: Order of characters as they Hebrew in Unicode (3rd draft, Peter Kirk, the Index to Periodicals in Jewish Studies are presented for reading. (RAMBI), and the Israel Union Catalog August 2003): www.qaya.org/academic/ (ULI) and Union List of Serials (ULS) in FAQ’S: hebrew/Issues-Hebrew-Unicode.html Israeli libraries. Unfortunately, many What do I do if? 4. Enabling International Support in other electronic resources still rely on Hebrew appears backwards or displays as Windows 2000: www.microsoft.com/ older 7-bit and 8-bit encoding. These gibberish in Internet Explorer?: Open the globaldev/handson/user/2kintlsupp.mspx include the Historical Dictionary of the View menu and choose Encoding. If 5. Working with Non-Roman Script Text Hebrew Language, Otzar ha-Poskim, Hebrew (Windows) or Hebrew (ISO- in MS Windows Applications: Takdin, Bibliography of the Hebrew Book, Logical) is selected, click on Hebrew www.lib.umich.edu/area/Near.East/Non Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference (ISO-Visual). If Hebrew (ISO-Visual) is RomanDemo.pdf Library, and the Henkind Talmud Text selected, click on Hebrew (Windows). Databank. One hopes that publishers of You can also try Hebrew (ISO-Logical). these resources will adopt the Unicode Hebrew appears backwards or displays as standard, a step that would greatly gibberish in Netscape 7?: Open the View enhance their scholarly utility. menu and choose Character Coding. If Hebrew (Windows-1255) or Hebrew

19 business of AJS became the province of the support of his devoted wife, Rosalie, Aaron and later of his dedicated assistant "¬ , who was a close colleague of my wife THANKS TO Miranda Rich Winer. In the years of his in the Judaica library field. We were two service, the number of members and families e-mailing each other daily, and the AARON conference participants grew, as did the friendship even extended to the next number of those who turned to AJS from generation. So for me, it is all the more KATCHEN outside for guidance and assistance. Due difficult to say thanks to Aaron, knowing Lawrence H. Schiffman to Aaron’s efforts, AJS began to hold its how deep his dedication to our work runs, conference in other cities, so that and—and I want to stress this—how his eventually we traversed even the Rockies to unending sacrifices made it possible for me reach California. His ability to favorably to be so involved in AJS while so busy at negotiate contracts with hotels was a key New York University and with other factor, as was his willingness to undertake academic pursuits. the trips necessary to make all this happen. When Aaron decided to step down from His gentle, salesman-like way brought us this position, we realized that the task of new members, new exhibitors, and new replacing him would be difficult. This was conference participants. What is more, especially the case when we decided to because we meet every year, we have move the office to the Center for Jewish become one of the major Judaic studies History in New York, a move that has conferences in the world, greatly increasing great potential for our future role in the our European and Israeli membership. field. When Rona Sheramy was selected as When the World Union of Jewish Studies the new executive director, Aaron went to invited our president to be an ex-officio work with his usual devotion to make sure en years ago when AJS invited member of their board, Aaron stood in at that Rona would have all the help Aaron Katchen to assume the post several meetings, creating a close working necessary to ensure that this year’s Tof executive secretary, AJS was a relationship with that organization. He conference would be unaffected by the different organization. A series of successfully stewarded the transition of our complex transition, and to facilitate dedicated administrations, with the journal from its initial publisher, Ktav, who moving the AJS office to New York. If you assistance of Charles Berlin as executive placed faith in us at a time when our want to know what kind of person Aaron secretary, had transformed the fledgling organization was just coming into being, is, look at the picture of the smiling duo, AJS into a respectable learned society. AJS to the prestigious Cambridge University our outgoing and incoming executive had developed a journal of high standing, Press. He also helped restart our newsletter directors, in the last issue of Perspectives . and its annual conference, regularly held in under the new title AJS Perspectives, even I have no words of thanks to offer except to Boston’s Copley Plaza Hotel, afforded proofing the issues himself. suggest that we all ought to follow the advice growing numbers of scholars and graduate So here we are now, after ten years, and of Mishnah Avot and emulate his ways: students the opportunity to develop, to unbelievable accomplishments under share their ideas, and to feel part of an Aaron’s leadership, and I am supposed to ,ʯʸʤʠ ʬʹ ʥʩʣʩʮʬʺʮ ʤʥʤ expanding academic enterprise. While we be able to express our thanks? How can I? , ʭʥʬʹ ʳʣʥʸʥ ʭʥʬʹ ʡʤʥʠ all knew there was much to do, we were .ʤʸʥʺʬ ʯʡʸʷʮʥ ʺʥʩʸʡʤ ʺʠ ʡʤʥʠ convinced that AJS had grown to maturity, For many of us, besides his great and that Charlie’s replacement would professional accomplishments for AJS and Be like the students of Aaron: Love peace oversee a continuation of the past, with with AJS, there is Aaron the friend. There and run after peace, love one’s fellow some expanded member services. But we is virtually no one here who does not creatures, and bring them close—permit could not know when Aaron assumed count him as a personal friend, and has not the homiletical license here—to the field of office that we all would be presiding— been helped by him in some way, Judaic studies and the support of the Aaron and the officers—over the professionally or personally. For me, it is Association for Jewish Studies. development of AJS into a much larger more complex. Aaron and I have worked Aaron, thank you! and more centralized organization. together for nine years, at times talking every day. Much of what I am often Shortly after coming into office, Aaron’s Lawrence H. Schiffman is the Ethel and thanked for was done by him or would not Irvin A. Edelman Professor in Hebrew and title was changed to executive director. have been done without him. This change signified a transition of the Judaic Studies at New York University. He position from part-time (theoretically) to Our relationship has been very close, is also the former president of the Association full-time and toward greater sharing in happy and, unfortunately, sad for Jewish Studies. professionalization. More and more, the occasions. In the early years, Aaron had 20 Schriftenreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts

Towards Normality? Christian Wiese Deutsches Judentum unter dem Acculturation of Modern German Jewry Wissenschaft des Judentums und Nationalsozialismus Edited by Rainer Liedtke and David protestantische Theologie im Band 1: Dokumente zur Geschichte der Rechter wilhelminischen Deutschland Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden 2003. xi, 353 pages. (SchrLBI 68). Ein Schrei ins Leere? 1933-1939. Herausgegeben, eingeleitet € ISBN 3-16-148127-5 cloth 74,– 1999. xxv, 507 pages. (SchrLBI 61). und erläutert von Otto Dov Kulka ISBN 3-16-147201-2 cloth € 84,– unter Mitareit von A. Birkenhauer und Ulrich Wyrwa E. Hildesheimer mit einem Vorwort Juden in der Toskana und in Sechzig Jahre gegen den Strom. von Eberhard Jäckel Preußen im Vergleich Ernst A. Simon 1998. xxiv, 614 pages. (SchrLBI 54). Aufklärung und Emanzipation in Briefe von 1917-1984 ISBN 3-16-147267-5 paper € 34,– Florenz, Livorno, Berlin und 1998. vii, 295 pages. (SchrLBI 59). Königsberg i.Pr. ISBN 3-16-147000-1 cloth € 49,– Martin Liepach • Das Wahlverhalten 2003. ix, 491 pages. (SchrLBI 67). der jüdischen Bevölkerung ISBN 3-16-148077-5 cloth € 54,– Barbara von der Lühe Zur politischen Orientierung der Die Musik war unsere Rettung! Juden in der Weimarer Republik Jewish Emancipation Die deutschsprachigen Gründungs- 1996. xiv, 333 pages. (SchrLBI 53). Reconsidered mitglieder des Palestine Orchestra ISBN 3-16-146542-3 cloth € 64,– The French and German Models Mit einem Geleitwort von Ignatz Bubis Edited by Michael Brenner, Vicki 1998. xx, 356 pages. (SchrLBI 58). Matthias Morgenstern Caron and Uri R.Kaufmann ISBN 3-16-146975-5 cloth € 64,– Von Frankfurt nach Jerusalem 2003. vi, 245 pages. (SchrLBI 66). Isaac Breuer und die Geschichte des ISBN 3-16-148018-x cloth € 54,– Jüdisches Leben in der Weimarer »Austrittsstreits« in der deutsch- Republik jüdischen Orthodoxie Erika Bucholtz • Henri Hinrichsen Jews in the Weimar Republic 1995. xvi, 388 pages. (SchrLBI 52). und der Musikverlag C. F. Peters Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Benz, ISBN 3-16-146510-5 cloth € 89,– Deutsch-jüdisches Bürgertum in Arnold Paucker and Peter Pulzer Leipzig von 1891 bis 1938 Uziel Oscar Schmelz 1998. vi, 288 pages. (SchrLBI 57). 2001. viii, 367 pages. (SchrLBI 65). ISBN 3-16-146873-2 cloth € 49,– Die Jüdische Bevölkerung Hessens ISBN 3-16-147638-7 cloth € 39,– Von der Mitte des 19.Jahrhunderts Jüdisches Leben auf dem Lande bis 1933 Selma Stern • Der Hofjude im Studien zur deutsch-jüdischen 1996. xiv, 410 pages. (SchrLBI 51). Zeitalter des Absolutismus Geschichte. ISBN 3-16-146177-0 cloth € 79,– Herausgegeben von Marina Sassenberg Herausgegeben von Monika Richarz x 2001. , 284 pages. (SchrLBI 64). and Reinhard Rürup Esriel Hildesheimer ISBN 3-16-147662-x cloth € 64,– Jüdische Selbstverwaltung 1997. xi, 444 pages. (SchrLBI 56). ISBN 3-16-146842-2 cloth € 49,– unter dem NS-Regime Juden – Bürger – Deutsche Der Existenzkampf der Reichsvertre- Zu Vielfalt und Grenzen 1800-1933 Andreas Gotzmann • Jüdisches Recht tung und Reichsvereinigung der Juden Herausgeg. von Andreas Gotzmann, im kulturellen Prozess in Deutschland Rainer Liedtke and Till van Rahden Die Wahrnehmung der Halacha im 1994. xvi, 258 pages. (SchrLBI 50). 2001. ix, 444 pages. (SchrLBI 63). Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts ISBN 3-16-146179-7 cloth € 79,– ISBN 3-16-147498-8 cloth € 74,– 1997. x, 434 pages. (SchrLBI 55). ISBN 3-16-146761-2 cloth € 64,– Eleonore Lappin Mohr Siebeck Der Jude 1916-1928 P. O. Box 2040 Jüdische Moderne zwischen D-72010 Tübingen Universalismus und Partikurlarismus Fax +49 / 7071 / 51104 2000. xvii, 456 pages. (SchrLBI 62). ISBN 3-16-147035-4 cloth € 64,– e-mail: [email protected] www.mohr.de

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28 Jewish history. The Conference is sponsored by American University in conjunction with the American Jewish conferences Historical Society, the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish in Jewish Studies Archives, the National Archives and Records Administration, and the Library of Congress. Institutions2004 are encouraged to send The Association for Canadian Jewish short notifications of conferences, calls Studies 28th Annual Conference National Association of Professors of for papers, exhibitions, and awards to University of Manitoba, Hebrew 2004 Conference on Hebrew [email protected]. Winnipeg, Canada Language, Literature, and Culture May 30 - June 1, 2004 University of Texas, Austin, Texas April Part of Canada’s Congress of the Social June 6 - 8, 2004 Rethinking Nomos and Narrative: Sciences and Humanities. For further polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/naph Marking Twenty Years Since Robert information contact the Program Chair, For further information contact: Cover's “Nomos and Narrative” Dr. Randal F. Schnoor, at [email protected] New Haven, Connecticut [email protected]. April 25, 2004 Disraeli and Europe: The Statesman www.yale.edu/religiousstudies/ and the Man of Letters JudaicStudies/nomos June University of Paris X-Nanterre, Sponsored by the Yale Program in The 2004 Biennial Scholars’ Paris, France Judaic Studies and the Yale Law Conference on American Jewish June 17 - 18, 2004 School. Presenters and commentators History Sponsored by the Groupe de Recherches include scholars of legal and Judaic, Washington, D.C. sur les Juifs dans les Pays Anglophones to especially rabbinic, studies. For further June 6 - 8, 2004 mark the two-hundredth anniversary of information contact Steven Fraade at www.americanjewisharchives.org the birth of Benjamin Disraeli. For [email protected]. In honor of the anniversary further information contact: commemorating 350 years of American [email protected]. May Teaching and Learning About America’s Response to the Holocaust The Jews Ramaz Lower School, New York City May 16, 2004 in Early America www.WymanInstitute.org Sandra Cumings Malamed Sponsored by The David S. Wyman “An excellent first portal to Institute for Holocaust Studies. this topic that both adult and teen readers would appreciate. The Frankfurt Jewish Ghetto in Recommended highly for Early Modernity school, synagogue and commu- Frankfurt, Germany nity libraries.” —AJL Newsletter May 16 - 18, 2004 www.le.ac.uk/urbanhist/urbanconf/gh 2004 marks the 350th anniversary of Jewish emigration to etto.html For further information contact America. Here is a valuable sourcebook that shows how Dr. Gisela Engel at Johann Wolfgang these pioneers formed communities based on common Goethe-Universitaet, Zentrum zur values and shared faith. Erforschung der Fruehen Neuzeit, 192 pages • 96 b&w photos • index Robert Mayer - Str. 1, D - 60054 ISBN 1-56474-408-6 (cloth) $25.95 Frankfurt am Main; e-mail: ISBN 1-56474-407-8 (paper) $15.95 [email protected]. Fithian Press (800) 662-8351 www.danielpublishing.com/bro/malamed.html

29 (Conferences in Jewish LONDON2004: International Association for Jewish Studies 36th Graduate Student Conference in Annual Conference Studies, continued) Jewish Studies Chicago, Illinois London, United Kingdom December 19 - 21, 2004 August 29 - September 3, 2004 Deadline for submissions: The Association of Jewish Libraries www.ucl.ac.uk/hebrew- April 26, 2004 39th Annual Conference jewish/london2004/index.htm www.brandeis.edu/ajs New York City The European Association of Jewish Please visit Web site for more June 20 - 23, 2004 Studies is the Honorary Sponsor of information and to submit your aleph.lib.ohio-state.edu/www/ajl.html London2004. For further information proposal. Scholars from numerous disciplines will contact: [email protected]. meet to share their interests in Judaica Colloquium on Québec/ librarianship and related areas. Canadian Jewish Studies October Concordia University, Montreal, Canada Association for Women in Slavic Kant and Maimonides: In November 9, 2004 Studies Conference Commemoration of the 1000 Years Deadline for submissions: Univerisity of Illinois at Urbana- Since Their Respective Deaths May 1, 2004 Champaign, Urbana, Illinois Arizona State University, The Institut Québécois d’études sur June 24 - 25, 2004 Tempe, Arizona la culture juive and Concordia www.loyola.edu/AWSS October 31 - November 1, 2004 University’s Institute for Canadian The conference will focus on a Jewish Studies will co-sponsor a systematic comparison of the two colloquium designed to highlight July philosophers as well as on historically graduate student work in the area of IAJGS 24th International important trends which link or Québec/Canadian Jewish studies. Conference on Jewish Genealogy differentiate them. For further For further information contact: Ira Renaissance Jerusalem Hotel, information contact: Dr. Hartwig Robinson, Department of Religion, Jerusalem, Israel Wiedebach at [email protected]. Concordia University, 1455 De July 4 - 9, 2004 Maisonneuve Boulevard, West Please note that these are only Montreal, QC Canada H3G 1M8; provisional arrangements. For further phone: +1.514.848.2424, x2074; information: www.ortra.com/jgen2004. fax: +1.514.848.4541; calls [email protected]. For August Sixteenth Annual Conference of the The 18th Congress of the 2004Papers Midwest Jewish Studies Association International Organization for the Chicago, Illinois Study of the Old Testament October 17 - 18, 2004 Russian Jews in Germany in the 20th Leiden, The Netherlands Deadline for submissions: May 1, 2004 and 21st Century August 1 – 6, 2004 www.cwru.edu/artsci/rosenthal/src_m University of Sussex, www.leidenuniv.nl/gg/iosot2004 jsa_preprogram.htm Brighton, United Kingdom For further information contact: The conference is hosted by the December 13 - 14, 2004 Dr Konrad D. Jenner, IOSOT Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies. Deadline for submissions: Congress Secretary, Faculty of April 15, 2004 Theology, Leiden University, P.O. Box Call for Essays: bucerius.haifa.ac.il/callforpapers.htm 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Philosemitism and Antisemitism An international conference organized Netherlands; e-mail: Deadline for submissions: by the Bucerius Institute for Research [email protected]. May 15th, 2004 of Contemporary German History and We invite essays and/or proposals for a Society, Leo Baeck Institute London, The 13th Biennial Conference of the multidisciplinary edited collection on and the Centre for German-Jewish Jewish Law Association interconnections between Studies at the University of Sussex. Boston, Massachusetts philosemitism and antisemitism in August 3 - 6, 2004 twentieth-century American and British www.legaltheory.demon.co.uk/JLACo literature and culture. For inquiries nf.html contact [email protected] or [email protected].

30 The 2004 Middle East and Central Asia Politics, Economics, and Society Awards Conference REMEMBER American Jewish Historical Society Salt Lake City, Utah September 9 – 11, 2004 15 West 16th Street Our Colleagues Deadline for submissions: New York, NY 10011 Our many Internet listserves May 15, 2004 +1.212.294.6160 provide us with information, www.utah.edu/CentralAsia-MiddleEast www.ajhs.org/academic/Awards.cfm sometimes within hours, about [email protected] Administrative Committee Prize the deaths of colleagues all over Ruth B. Fein Prize the world. Nevertheless, the Seventh Symposium for Yiddish The Sid and Ruth Lapidus Fellowship long-standing tradition of the Studies in Germany Saul Viener Book Prize obituary is one that Düsseldorf, Germany Leo Wasserman Article and Student Perspectives would like to October 4 - 6, 2004 Essay Prizes honor. From time to time we Deadline for submissions: June 1, 2004 Please see the Web site for full have remembered a colleague www.phil-fak.uni- descriptions and application in these pages. We would like to undertake this practice more duesseldorf.de/jiddisch information. systematically in the future. [email protected] Look for guidelines for the 2005 We urge members of AJS, as well as directors and chairs of Fourteenth World Congress Center for Jewish History Jewish studies departments, of Jewish Studies Fellowships in the forthcoming fall issue of AJS Perspectives. centers, and programs to Jerusalem, Israel inform us about the deaths of July 31 – August 4, 2005 their colleagues. We ask that Deadline for submissions: you also help us to identify an October 31, 2004 appropriate colleague who will www.jewish-studies.org Announcements write a few paragraphs about Please see announcement on page 13. the deceased. Perspectives is Dr. Hasia Diner, Paul S. and Sylvia published in the fall and The Journal of Religion, Steinberg Professor of American Jewish spring, therefore obituaries Disability and Health Special Issue: History, has been named director of need to be submitted by Judaism and Disabilities the new Goldstein-Goren Center for February 1 and August 1. We Articles should stimulate theological American Jewish History at New York seek to honor the memories of reflection, teach and scholarly University. The Center plans to people who have been teachers, research on theology and disability. concern itself primarily with the mutual scholars, librarians, and Topics should arise from the author's impact of the United States and the archivists in the field of Jewish studies. We look forward to professional, theological and practical Jewish people. It will fund graduate doing this in an open and expertise or experience. Contact the student fellowships and sponsor democratic fashion. editors: Robert Anderson, rca@religion scholarly conferences and publications. adndisability.org, and Judith Abrams, For further information, please call Please send this information to [email protected]. +1.212.998.8980 or fax [email protected]. +1.212.995.4178.

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