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Woodland Birds Central Riverina NSW 2018 1 Modified Woodlands/Scattered Paddock Trees Restored Habitat Woodland Birds of the Central Riverina, New South Wales An Identication and Habitat Management Guide Woodlands in south-eastern Australia are renowned for their rich and varied bird life. Unfortunately, one in five woodland birds is threatened or in decline. The worst affected species are those that need mature trees (especially hollow-bearing) and Woodland Birds those that forage or nest on or near the ground. The central Riverina of southern NSW provides significant habitat for a range of different woodland birds including many nationally and regionally threatened species. Onground work has already begun to protect and restore woodland habitat in the region. In 1996 when of the Central Riverina, Corowa District Landcare formed, there was 4% woody vegetation cover in the Corowa shire. Latest figures indicate there is now almost 8% cover – an increase that will inevitably help populations of woodland birds into the future. Birds Woodland New South Wales YOU CAN HELP… An Identification and Habitat Management Guide The following steps can improve your woodland’s health and help conserve woodland birds: Noisy Miner White-plumed Honeyeater Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike Grey Butcherbird Golden Whistler Brown-headed Honeyeater White-winged Triller Brown Thornbill Fence vegetation to manage stock grazing Manorina melanocephala Lichenostomus penicillatus Coracina novaehollandiae Cracticus torquatus Pachycephala pectoralis Melithreptus brevirostris Lalage sueurii Acanthiza pusilla Fencing controls stock movement and remnant vegetation often needs periodic grazing to minimise invasive grasses and weeds. To ensure the regeneration of plants such as palatable shrubs, grazing must be managed when seedlings are young. Lack of Replace missing vegetation layers mistletoe The diversity of birds occurring at a site can be increased with the provision of vegetation layers including tall, medium and low shrubs. Replacing the understo- rey among scattered paddock trees and degraded remnants, and fencing the area, of the Central Riverina, New South Wales Large living can deliver positive outcomes especially as shrubs mature. trees Leave dead, standing and fallen timber Even aged Decaying timber provides resources for birds, insects, reptiles and small mammals, trees nesting sites for hollow-dependant and ground-nesting species, and perches for ground-foraging species. Link existing vegetation sites and increase size of remnants Small, isolated remnants are inadequate to support viable populations of birds. Birds require corridors of habitat to enable movement on a daily or seasonal basis. Australian Raven Australian Magpie Western Gerygone Rufous Whistler The size of woodland patches needs to be increased (through fencing and Corvus coronoides Gymnorhina tibicen Gerygone fusca Pachycephala ruventris restoration). Linear strips such as those along roads and creeks need to be widened, and remnants should be directly connected or at least be within close Few native grasses No fallen branches, logs No regrowth saplings Regenerating saplings, distance to others. and herbs or little leaf litter or understorey shrubs variety of understorey shrubs, Respect your remnant patch Retained fallen branches, logs and leaf litter native grasses and herbs Areas of ‘untouched’ native groundcover plants, fallen timber and debris provide the best conditions for a range of woodland birds. It is important that cropping Degraded remnants and scattered paddock trees and grazing does not further disturb the ground structure. Where stock camps In modified woodlands such as this They do not require the specialised Restored remnants occur, scalping to remove heavily enriched soil may be required. Jerilderie simplified remnant near Savernake, or habitat of other woodland birds. Many small insect-eating birds spend assist small birds by providing them Control pest animals Urana in areas where there are only scattered By fencing, managing stock and most of their time in shrubs within 5m with cover, food sources and nest sites. Foxes and feral cats are major predators of woodland birds and should be paddock trees, you would expect to establishing understorey through of the ground. Remnants that have In many districts, some of the best see a much smaller range and number been planted, seeded or allowed to sites for woodland birds started out as eradicated. Domestic cats and dogs can also be a problem. Rabbit management Finley Berrigan planting, direct seeding or natural is essential as they graze native vegetation and adversely affect plant recruitment Corowa of woodland birds. These mostly large regeneration, even small and isolated naturally regenerate can support more degraded remnants. Once restored, and survival (especially native legumes such as Buloke and wattles). District and robust birds are common because patches can be revitalised and provide bird species within just a few years. such sites will support the next Tocumwal Savernake Many other birds will colonise over Monitor Noisy Miners Willie Wagtail they have adapted well to the habitat for woodland birds. Magpie-lark Grey Fantail generation of woodland birds in Horseld’s Bronze-cuckoo Mulwala Corowa changed landscape. time as the habitat matures. Shrubs will the Riverina. Noisy Miners are an aggressive native bird that forms colonies and aggressively Cobram Rhipidura leucophrys Grallina cyanoleuca Rhipidura albiscapa Chalcites basalis Howlong competes with and excludes most nectar and insect eating birds smaller than Yarrawonga Rutherglen them, often even in healthy woodlands. In these cases Noisy Miner control may Chiltern be necessary. Get involved in conservation initiatives There are a number of ways that you can contribute to woodland bird conserva- tion without picking up a shovel. Consider participating in bird surveys (e.g. Superb Parrot survey), submit records of birds you have seen to the Atlas of Australian Birds (BirdLife Australia), or join a community group or conservation organisation such as Landcare or BirdLife Australia. For further information Contact Corowa District Landcare: [email protected] Cover photograph: Grey-crowned Babblers – Pomatostomus temporalis All photography: Chris Tzaros. Content: Chris Tzaros, Ian Davidson (Regeneration Solutions Pty. Ltd.) & Andrea Mitchell (Corowa & District Landcare ). 2018 Crested Pigeon Galah Eastern Rosella Red-rumped Parrot Superb Fairy-wren Yellow-rumped Thornbill Rufous Songlark Common Bronzewing © Design - Colourfield Design Ocyphaps lophotes Cacatua roseicapilla Platycercus eximius Psephotus haematonotus Malurus cyaneus Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Cinclorhamphus mathewsi Phaps chalcoptera Good Quality Woodlands Locally Significant Birds • Threatened species. Declined or • Declining and secure only in larger disappeared from intensely farmed patches of well-connected remnant areas but generally secure in Riverina vegetation. • Mainly occurs in good quality roadside • Nests in tree-hollows in mature trees. vegetation and larger remnants where Forages for insects on ground in leaf it forages in leaf litter on ground or on litter, or on branches and trunks branches and trunks of trees of trees. • Responds well to habitat restoration - • Retaining fallen timber beneath can breed in 6 year old revegetation. mature trees, maintaining sparse Conserving this species is a great native groundcover and increasing example of how onground action can size and connectivity of remnants help a threatened species. will benefit this species. Striated Pardalote Mistletoebird Yellow Thornbill Sacred Kingsher Superb Parrot Musk Lorikeet Varied Sittella Tree Martin Grey-crowned Babbler Brown Treecreeper Pardalotus striatus Dicaeum hirundinaceum Acanthiza nana Todirhamphus sanctus Polytelis swainsonii Glossopsitta concinna Daphoenositta chrysoptera Petrochelidon nigricans Pomatostomus temporalis Climacteris picumnus • Endangered. Western part of the • Declined due to conversion from district is an important autumn-winter native groundcover to introduced Mistletoe foraging area for the Riverina pasture. population. • Needs larger remnants with saplings, Tree hollows • Eats seeds from ground and low shrubs and native groundcover, shrubs (wattles, hopbush), and nectar especially native grasses and low from trees (Yellow Box and Grey Box). saltbushes. Also requires water. Flowering • Benefits well from habitat restoration, • Within remnants, prefer small open Large living trees especially linkage of box woodlands areas for foraging and scattered and dead on plains to red gum forests along clumps of understorey (often spiny trees rivers, where they breed in shrubs such as Hedge Wattle) for tree-hollows. shelter and breeding. Crested Shrike-tit Dusky Woodswallow Grey Shrike-thrush Australian Owlet Nightjar Superb Parrot Diamond Firetail Falcunculus frontatus Artamus cyanopterus Colluricincla harmonica Aegotheles cristatus Polytelis swainsonii Stagonopleura guttata Peeling bark • Disappeared from many districts, • Endangered species that maintains particularly intensely farmed areas large (>40 ha) permanent territories. where habitat patches are too small • Prefers woodlands along rivers and and isolated. Fallen branches, Regrowth sapling trees, understorey creeks where there is a mix of old logs and leaf litter shrubs, native grasses and herbs • Needs large remnants in good trees with large hollows for breeding condition with mixed aged trees, and younger dense trees for daytime Remnants of high quality larger remnants support
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