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Positive Correlation Between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs?
insects Article Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs? Verena Strobl 1,*, Domenic Camenzind 1, Angela Minnameyer 1, Stephanie Walker 1, Michael Eyer 2 , Peter Neumann 1 and Lars Straub 1,* 1 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (P.N.) 2 Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (L.S.) Received: 22 September 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Simple Summary: The possible impacts of neonicotinoids combined with glyphosate-based herbicides on bees are unknown. Here, we show no effects of chronic exposure to field-realistic dosages of Roundup® and clothianidin alone or combined on food consumption and cumulative survival of adult female bees, Osmia bicornis in the laboratory. However, a positive correlation between exposure and longevity was revealed. Our data suggest a possibly neglected trade-off between survival and reproduction in insect toxicology. Abstract: The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to determine the potential hazards of a chemical routinely used in risk evaluations. However, studies revealing no effect on survival or even indicating enhanced survival are likely to be misleading, if potential trade-offs between survival and other physiological factors are overlooked. -
Foe-UK-Bee-Identification-Guide.Pdf
Want to know more about rare bumblebees? Found a bumble bee that’s not on here? Take a picture and get it identified at bumblebeeconservation.org. Bee It will be added to on-going research into UK bee populations. identification guide When your wildflowers bloom you should have lots of us coming to visit. We’re not all the same and it’s good to know your guests’ names. So we’ve put together this bee spotter guide to help you identify us. Mason Bee Early Bumblebee Osmia rufa Bombus pratorum Buff-tailed Bumblebee Common Carder Bumblebee Hairy-footed Flower Bee (female) Tawny Mining Bee (female) Forest Cuckoo Bumblebee Bombus terrestris Bombus pascuorum Anthophora plumipes Andrena fulva Bombus sylvestris Honey Bee (worker) Red Mason Bee Hairy-footed Flower Bee (male) Tawny Mining Bee (male) Great Yellow Bumblebee Apis mellifera Osmia bicornis Anthophora plumipes Andrena fulva Bombus distinguendus Early Mining Bee Garden Bumblebee Honey Bee (queen) Willughby’s Leafcutter Bee Red-shanked Carder-bee Bumblebee Andrena haemorrhoa Bombus hortorum Apis mellifera Megachile willughbiella Bombus ruderarius Illustrations by Chris Shields by Illustrations Blue Mason Bee Communal Mining Bee Ivy Mining Bee Red-tailed Bumblebee Short-haired Bumblebee Osmia caerulescens Andrena carantonica Colletes hederae Bombus lapidarius Bombus Subterraneus Davies Mining Bee Fabricus’ Nomad Bee White-tailed Bumblebee Brown-banded Carder Bumblebee Shrill Carder Bumblebee Colletes daviesanus Nomada fabriciana Bombus lucornum Bombus humilis Bombus sylvarum www.foe.co.uk charity. a registered Trust, of the Earth Friends These bee illustrations are not to scale www.foe.co.uk/bees. -
Managing Alternative Pollinators a Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists
Managing Alternative Pollinators A Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists ERIC MADER • MARLA SPIVAK • ELAINE EVANS Fair Use of this PDF file of Managing Alternative Pollinators: A Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists, SARE Handbook 11, NRAES-186 By Eric Mader, Marla Spivak, and Elaine Evans Co-published by SARE and NRAES, February 2010 You can print copies of the PDF pages for personal use. If a complete copy is needed, we encourage you to purchase a copy as described below. Pages can be printed and copied for educational use. The book, authors, SARE, and NRAES should be acknowledged. Here is a sample acknowledgement: ----From Managing Alternative Pollinators: A Handbook for Beekeepers, Growers, and Conservationists, SARE Handbook 11, by Eric Mader, Marla Spivak, and Elaine Evans, and co- published by SARE and NRAES.---- No use of the PDF should diminish the marketability of the printed version. If you have questions about fair use of this PDF, contact NRAES. Purchasing the Book You can purchase printed copies on NRAES secure web site, www.nraes.org, or by calling (607) 255-7654. The book can also be purchased from SARE, visit www.sare.org. The list price is $23.50 plus shipping and handling. Quantity discounts are available. SARE and NRAES discount schedules differ. NRAES PO Box 4557 Ithaca, NY 14852-4557 Phone: (607) 255-7654 Fax: (607) 254-8770 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nraes.org SARE 1122 Patapsco Building University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-6715 (301) 405-8020 (301) 405-7711 – Fax www.sare.org More information on SARE and NRAES is included at the end of this PDF. -
Factors Affecting Offspring Body Size in the Solitary Bee Osmia Bicornis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) Sabine Radmacher, Erhard Strohm
Factors affecting offspring body size in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) Sabine Radmacher, Erhard Strohm To cite this version: Sabine Radmacher, Erhard Strohm. Factors affecting offspring body size in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2010, 41 (2), 10.1051/apido/2009064. hal-00892048 HAL Id: hal-00892048 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00892048 Submitted on 1 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 41 (2010) 169–177 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2009 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido/2009064 Original article Factors affecting offspring body size in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)* Sabine Radmacher,ErhardStrohm Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany Received 12 February 2009 – Revised 11 August 2009 – Accepted 15 August 2009 Abstract – Body size is related to fitness in many insects. In solitary bees offspring body size is largely determined by maternal provisions and microclimate. We studied the effect of quantity and quality of pro- visions and rearing temperatures (20, 25 and 30 ◦C) on body size in the Red Mason bee, Osmia bicornis. -
Diversity and Resource Choice of Flower-Visiting Insects in Relation to Pollen Nutritional Quality and Land Use
Diversity and resource choice of flower-visiting insects in relation to pollen nutritional quality and land use Diversität und Ressourcennutzung Blüten besuchender Insekten in Abhängigkeit von Pollenqualität und Landnutzung Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl. Biologin Christiane Natalie Weiner aus Köln Berichterstatter (1. Referent): Prof. Dr. Nico Blüthgen Mitberichterstatter (2. Referent): Prof. Dr. Andreas Jürgens Tag der Einreichung: 26.02.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2016 Darmstadt 2016 D17 2 Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit entsprechend den Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis selbständig und ohne unzulässige Hilfe Dritter angefertigt habe. Sämtliche aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Gedanken sowie sämtliche von Anderen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Daten, Techniken und Materialien sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher keiner anderen Hochschule zu Prüfungszwecken eingereicht. Osterholz-Scharmbeck, den 24.02.2016 3 4 My doctoral thesis is based on the following manuscripts: Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2011): Land-use intensity in grasslands: changes in biodiversity, species composition and specialization in flower-visitor networks. Basic and Applied Ecology 12 (4), 292-299. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2014): Land-use impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines. Ecology 95, 466–474. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M , Blüthgen, N. (in prep.): Land-use intensification triggers diversity loss in pollination networks: Regional distinctions between three different German bioregions Weiner, C.N., Hilpert, A., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. -
Scottish Bees
Scottish Bees Introduction to bees Bees are fascinating insects that can be found in a broad range of habitats from urban gardens to grasslands and wetlands. There are over 270 species of bee in the UK in 6 families - 115 of these have been recorded in Scotland, with 4 species now thought to be extinct and insufficient data available for another 2 species. Bees are very diverse, varying in size, tongue-length and flower preference. In the UK we have 1 species of honey bee, 24 species of bumblebee and the rest are solitary bees. They fulfil an essential ecological and environmental role as one of the most significant groups of pollinating insects, all of which we depend upon for the pollination of 80% of our wild and cultivated plants. Some flowers are in fact designed specifically for bee pollination, to the exclusion of generalist pollinators. Bees and their relatives Bees are classified in the complex insect order Hymenoptera (meaning membrane-winged), which also includes many kinds of parasitic wasps, gall wasps, hunting wasps, ants and sawflies. There are about 150,000 species of Hymenoptera known worldwide separated into two sub-orders. The first is the most primitive sub-order Symphyta which includes the sawflies and their relatives, lacking a wasp-waist and generally with free-living caterpillar-like larvae. The second is the sub-order Apocrita, which includes the ants, bees and wasps which are ’wasp-waisted’ and have grub-like larvae that develop within hosts, galls or nests. The sub-order Apocrita is in turn divided into two sections, the Parasitica and Aculeata. -
Short Note Selective Interspecific Information Use in the Nest
Animal Biology 70 (2020) 215–225 brill.com/ab Short Note Selective interspecific information use in the nest choice of solitary bees Olli J. Loukola1,2,4,∗, Elia Gatto3,4, Ana C. Híjar-Islas4 and Lars Chittka4,5 1 University of Oulu, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland 2 Botanical Museum, Biodiversity Unit, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 3 University of Padova, Department of General Psychology, 35100 Padova, Italy 4 Queen Mary University of London, Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom 5 Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Wallotstrasse 19, D-14193 Berlin, Germany Submitted: October 30, 2019. Final revision received: December 13, 2019. Accepted: December 20, 2019 Abstract Most of the studies on learning in bees have focused on the foraging context; we know little about the preferences and cognitive processes in nest-site selection, especially in solitary bees. The majority of the bee species are solitary and in contrast to eusocial bees, solitary bees’ cognition and social information use have remained largely unstudied. Solitary cavity-nesting mason bees (Osmia spp.) are an ideal system to study interspecific information use in nest choice in the wild as many species share similar nesting requirements. Here, we show that the blue mason bee (O. caerulescens)andthe orange-vented mason bee (O. leaiana) examine hallmarks of parasitization of the nests of red mason bees (O. bicornis) before deciding where to establish their own nests. They were also presented with contextual cues (geometric symbols) that could be linked to parasitization by observational learning. -
Domestic Gardens Mitigate Risk of Exposure of Pollinators to Pesticides—An Urban-Rural Case Study Using a Red Mason Bee Species for Biomonitoring
sustainability Article Domestic Gardens Mitigate Risk of Exposure of Pollinators to Pesticides—An Urban-Rural Case Study Using a Red Mason Bee Species for Biomonitoring Martin Šlachta 1,* , Tomáš Erban 2 , Alena Votavová 3, Tomáš Bešta 4, Michal Skalský 5, Marta Václavíková 6, Tat’ána Halešová 6, Magda Edwards-Jonášová 1, Renata Vˇceláková 1 and Pavel Cudlín 1 1 Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lipová 1789/9, 370 05 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic; [email protected] (M.E.-J.); [email protected] (R.V.); [email protected] (P.C.) 2 Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Praha 6-Ruzynˇe,Czech Republic; [email protected] 3 Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic; [email protected] 4 Institute of Hydrobiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic; [email protected] 5 Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hoˇrice,Czech Republic; [email protected] 6 ALS Limited, ALS Czech Republic, Na Harfˇe336/9, 190 00 Praha 9-Vysoˇcany, Czech Republic; [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (T.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 September 2020; Accepted: 10 November 2020; Published: 12 November 2020 Abstract: Domestic gardens supply pollinators with valuable habitats, but the risk of exposure to pesticides has been little investigated. Artificial nesting shelters of a red mason bee species (Osmia bicornis) were placed in two suburban gardens and two commercial fruit orchards to determine the contamination of forage sources by pesticides. -
Reproduction of the Red Mason Solitary Bee Osmia Rufa (Syn
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(1): 100–105, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.005 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Reproduction of the red mason solitary bee Osmia rufa (syn. Osmia bicornis) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in various habitats MONIKA FLISZKIEWICZ, ANNA KuśnierczaK and Bożena Szymaś Department of apidology, institute of zoology, Poznań university of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Osmia rufa (Osmia bicornis), ecosystem, reproduction, pollination, parasitism Abstract. Osmia rufa L. (Osmia bicornis L.) is a species of a solitary bee, which pollinates many wild and cultivated plants. A total of 900 cocoons containing mature individuals of Osmia rufa L. (450 females and 450 males of a known weight), were placed in each of four habitats (orchard, mixed forest, hay meadow and arboretum of the Dendrology Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Kórnik). These bees were provided with artificial nests made of the stems of common reed. The following parameters were calculated: reproduction dynamics, total number of chambers built by females, mean number of breeding chambers per reed tube and mean num- ber of cocoons per tube. included in the analysis were also the nectar flowers and weather conditions recorded in each of the habitats studied. General linear mixed models indicated that the highest number of chambers was recorded in the hay meadow (6.6 per tube). However, the number of cocoons per tube was similar in the hay meadow, forest and orchard (4.5–4.8 per tube) but was significantly lower in the arboretum (3.0 cocoons per tube on average). -
6 Fliszkiewicz.Indd
DOI: 10.2478/v10289-012-0006-x Vol. 56 No. 1 2012 Journal of Apicultural Science 51 THE ACCOMPANYING FAUNA OF SOLITARY BEE OSMIA BICORNIS (L.) SYN. OSMIA RUFA (L.) NESTS SETTLED IN DIFFERENT BIOTOPES Monika Fliszkiewicz, Anna Kuśnierczak, Bożena Szymaś Department of Apidology, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland. e-mail: [email protected] Received 08 November 2011; accepted 24 April 2012 S u m m a r y Red mason bee Osmia bicornis (L.) is a solitary bee which has been shown to be a successful pollinator of many field crops and greenhouse crops. In favorable environmental conditions, this solitary bee can significantly raise the efficiency of crops. Controlled honeybee farms are invaded by various accompanying fauna. The aim of the study was to find out if the biotope may increase or limit the presence of foreign fauna in the nests of the solitary bee O. bicornis (L.). Four different biotopes were selected: a traditional orchard, the dendrological park of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik, a mixed forest, and a haymeadow, where artificial aggregations of O. bicornis (L.) were made, with 300 specimens in each. They were given artificial nests of common reed. The nests were then analysed after the end of the brooding period. The number of brood chambers built by females was determined. The number of chambers where the forms of development stopped at the egg or larva stage, the number of parasite-invaded chambers, and the systematic membership of the encountered foreign fauna, was also determined. -
Hymenoptera,Torymidae) of Bulgaria: Published Data and New Records 657-665 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Linzer biologische Beiträge Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 0039_1 Autor(en)/Author(s): Stojanova Anelia Artikel/Article: The Torymid fauna (Hymenoptera,Torymidae) of Bulgaria: published data and new records 657-665 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 39/1 657-665 23.7.2007 The Torymid fauna (Hymenoptera,Torymidae) of Bulgaria: published data and new records A.M. STOJANOVA A b s t r a c t : In the present paper all published data concerning Torymid fauna of Bulgaria is summarized. Fifty-three species belonging to 14 genera were recorded in entomological papers till now. Faunistic data on another 15 species, new to the Bulgarian fauna, is herein presented. K e y w o r d s : Hymenoptera, Torymidae, faunistic, Bulgaria, species list. Introduction Chalcid wasps of the family Torymidae WALKER 1833 belong to 69 genera and have worldwide distribution (NOYES 2003). Most Torymids are primary parasitoids or hyper- parasitoids of various insects, members of 8 orders. Only about 1/6 of the species are phytophagous (inquilines in galls or seed-feeders associated with coniferous trees and rosaceous plants) (GRISSELL 1995). The Torymid fauna in Bulgaria has not been a subject of a special investigation. Only 53 species have been published in chalcidological papers till now. The geographical and climatic conditions and a great variety of habitats in Bulgaria predetermine the existence of rich entomofauna with specific features. This gives basis to presume that the future studies on torymids occurring the region will increase considerably our information about species diversity of the family in Bulgaria and European and Palaearctic distribu- tion of the species. -
Bee Hotels What Does Recent Science Tell Us?
Bee hotels what does recent science tell us? Bee hotels are artificial structures made to encourage and help a few of our 240 or so solitary bee species. They are usually either an open-fronted box packed with hollow stems, or a log or piece of timber drilled with holes or containing natural holes. Female solitary bees will use the tubes to create a series of nesting chambers, laying an egg in each and provisioning them with nectar and pollen. The female then dies and the eggs hatch unattended later that or the following year, grow, and emerge as the next generation of adults. Bee hotels have become very trendy in recent years, but are often confused with what we could call “insect hotels” – which are large roofed structures full of twigs, pine cones, etc, to provide shelter and especially hibernation habitats for overwintering adult insects. There is little evidence that these structures are of any real value, although great fun for school children to create. Bee hotels certainly are very popular with bees in the genera Osmia and Megachile – and some solitary wasps as well. But when you build them on a large scale, bringing perhaps un- natural densities of bees to a small area, you could be encouraging predators, parasite and diseases. Rosita Moenen1 in the Netherlands studied the impact of parasites in an experimental setting using a bee hotel made of glass tubes for observation (not recommended for ordinary use since this can cause high humidity and larval death). The red mason bee Osmia bicornis constructed 56 larval cells, but only seven adults eventually emerged.