he Carter Center does not duplicate efforts of others as we work to fulfill our mission of"waging peace, T fighting disease, and building hope" among those whose quality of life is challenged and jeopardized every day. We often are most effective, however, by bringing together partners with common goals that could not be achieved without a coordinated effort. This report highlights some of the positive and sustain able outcomes accomplished through. establishing models of collaboration, as we seek to improve knowledge and enhance tech.niques that can lead to healthy and peaceful lives. A good example of teamwork is the fight against Guinea worm disease. A coalition of diverse organizations, individuals, and corporate support has helped eradicate this ancient syndrome by 97 percent. Working within the established in Guyana for several years to help evolve a national develop infrastructure of countries impacted by this di ease, rather than ment strategy. Representatives from all sectors of society through creating new bureaucracies, also contri butes to our from minority groups and disenfranchised populations to effectiveness. business and industry interests- have been included in this Key people in government ministries of health learn from effort. Foreign aid organizations also are involved to encourage us about how to eradicate Guinea worm. We then are able to agendas based upon a common understanding of the greatest give them access to the necessary tools because of resources that needs. The government now has a blueprint fo r development our partners provide, such as cloth filters to strain worm larvae that can benefit the entire country. The Carter Center is in the from contaminated water. The ministry staffs teach health early stages of examining methods to help the governments of workers positioned across the country how to use the fi lters. Mozambique and Mali develop strategies for national develop They, in tum, teach the technique to villagers who have ment. suffered from this blight for thousands of years. Often the Election monitoring offers add itional examples of vill agers themselves devise innovative ways of using the effective results from working together with other organizations knowledge and tools, such as lining hats with cloth filters to ensure that voting occurs without violence, intimidation, through which water can be poured or covering the ends of and fraud. Ongoing success depends upon continued coopera drinking reeds with the filters. tion, as in China where The Carter Center and C hina's This model can fight other diseases in developing Ministry of C ivil Affairs have jointly committed to develop a countries where The Carter Center recently launched programs national elections data gathering system, standardize election to control or eradicate river blindness, lymphatic filariasis, procedures, and publicize elections. schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Village health workers again are Creating models of collaboration ensures that The Carter teaching their neighbors to solve their own hea lth problems Center's work will have maximum and lasting impact. The with confidence after successfully battling Guinea worm. players may change, but the principles that undergird our Another model that illustrates this principle of partner programs will remain. Stakeholders who work together create ship is our comprehensive development assistance for emerging opportunities and build hope for every man, woman, and child democracies. The Carter Center has worked behind th.e scenes to live in health and peace.
C ARTE R C ENTER ANNUA L REP O RT a World of MISSION STATEMENT 4 Difference for ABOUT THE CARTER CENTER 5 Kids l2 FIGHTING DISEASE AND ADVANCING HEALTH 7
Gumca Worm Eradtcation Lead to Better Ltves 8
Battlmg Gumea Worm From the Trenches 9
Bringing Mentalllcalth Issues to Light 11
Getttng llelp Early Will Make a World of Difference for Kids 12
CREP Rcpr~l.!nts Another Step Toward Self-Reliance 14
Gumca Worm Dtsease-The Barrie Not Yet Complete 15
Medtcine and Education Help Mtllwns to Prevent Blindn~ 16
Interfaith Health Program Linh Faith and Public Health Groups 17 Guint:a Worm Eradication Leads to Better Lives Computers and Convenience- They All Come at a Price 18 8 WAGING PEACE jamaican:. Hcarrened by Most Peaceful Electton m Years 20
What Do Elections Monitors Do? 21
Seekmg Ways to Gtve Peace a Chance 23 Democracy Helps Pave Way for Pe:tce 24
Development With a Hum.m Face 27
Medicine and Education Respecttng and Protectmg Human Rtghts 28
Help Million~; to J>revent Blindnes~ Transttton w Democracy Ncar Completion 30 16 Nurrunng Chtldren and Preserving Famtltcs 31
From Welfare Rolls ro Payrolls 33
DONORS AND SUPPORT 34
BOARDS AND STAFF 40
FINANCIAL STATEMENT 45
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C ARTER C ENTER AN~UAL REPORT CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT What is The Carter Center's role? "Wagmg Peace. Ftghtmg Dtsease. Budding Hope." These ~ix words embody The Carter Center's mtsswn in a world ~ II! where people live every day under trl difficult, life-threatenmg condttions i < c.aused hy wur, disease, famme, and =====:::::~...... ;.:::=.:;.;...;::;;..:;;.._ ...;...... ;.;..;;;~=;;;;..;;....1 0 Located in Aclanra, The Carter Center houses offices for ]immy and poverty. GutJeJ by a fundamental Rosalynn Career and most of the Center's program sraff, who commitment to human rights, The Carter promote peace and advance health worldwide. Field represenratives Center stnves to alleviate thts suffering also work in 20 nations m Africa and Latin Amer1ca. through projects that prevent and resolve conflicts, enhance freedom and democ racy, and improve health. The ultimate in the UmteJ States and abroad. communities through a network of fatth goal is to help create a worlJ where every A board of trustees, chaired by groups in U.S. cities. man, woman, and child has the opportu President Carter with Mrs. Carter as vice • Helping more than l million farm nity to enjoy good health and live in chair, governs the Center. (Trustees are familte in Africa to double, triple, or peace. listed on Page 40.) The Center's board of quadruple their yields of maize, wheat, councilors provides its program· with the and other grains. For example, the What principles guide the Center's advice anJ support of prominent regional number of farmers in Gu inea using new work? and local leaders. (Members are listed on growing methods more than tripled from The Center is a nonprofit, nongov Page 42.) 1997 to 1998. During the same period, ernmental organization (NGO) founded farmers in Mali quadrupled the amount of in 1982 by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter in What are the Center's major land u~ed to grow crops with improved partnership with Emory University. The initiatives? seed varieties. Center: Health • Emphasizes action and results. It • The Center's health pwgrams fight Peace translates academtc research and analysts dtsea~e anJ hunger by: • The Center's peace programs address into programs that have tmproved people's • Leadmg a worldwide campatgn that has the ront cau~es of confltcts at home and lives m more than 65 countnes. achieved 95 percent eradication of Guinea 111 the developing world by: • Avoids dupltcating the efforts of other worm dt~ea~e m Afrtca and parts of Asia. • Oh~ervmg multtparty elections in some agencies or mstirutions. Guinea worm wtll be only the second 15 countries to promote democracy. • Addresses dtfficult prohlems and accepts dtsease after smallpox to he eradicated. • Seeking peaceful solutiom to civil the possibility of failure. • Fighting river blinJnes..' in Africa and conflicts in places such .1s Sud:m, Haiti, • b nonpartisan and acts as a neutral Latin Amcnca through a global coalition Nicaragua, the Korean Peninsula, and party tn dtspute resolutton acttvtties. to educate people about the disease and the Great Lakes reg ton of Central Afrtca. • Believes that people can improve thetr distnbute medtcme to control it. Since • Promoting democracy and econom1c lives when provided wtth the necessary 1996, Carter Center-asststed programs cooperation m the We~tern Hemisphere. skills, knowledge, and access to resources. have provtded more than 14.5 million • Preventing human nghts violations drug treatments to people on both worldwide. Who directs the Center's programs? contments. • Strengthening human rights and Resident experts and fellows, some • Working to erase the stigma of mental economic development in emerging of whom teach at Emory University, direct illnesses and improve access to and the democracies. the Center's programs. They design and quality of care for the 50 million Amen • Helping mner-city families and tmplement activities in cooperation with cans who experience mental disorders children address such quality-of-life issues President and Mrs. Carter, networks of every year. as jobs, early educanon and after-school world leaders, other NGOs, and partners • Promoting preventive health care in programs, and health care.
CARTER CENTER ANNUAL R EPO R T The Carter Center is open to the public by business appointment or for special events. Guests also may visit the Center's spectacular grounds and The jimmy Carter Library and Museum, shown here in the background.
Where is the Center located? tions by U.S. citizens and companies are Is the Center open to the public? The Carter Center is located in a tax-deductible as a llowed by law. To The Carter Cente r is open to the 35-acre park two miles from downtown make a donation by cash or credit card, public by business appointment or for Atlanta. Four circular interconnected contact the Office of Development at special events. Individuals or groups may pavilions house offi ces for President and (404) 420-5119. rent space for meetings, conferences, Mrs. Carter and most of the Center's dinners, receptions, concerts, and other program staff. The complex includes the How large is the Center's staff? events. For availability and pricing, call the nondenominational Cecil B. Day Chapel The Center has 180 full- and part Events Office at (404) 420-5112. and other conference facilities. time employees, based primarily in The Jimmy Carter Library is the The Jimmy Carter Library and Atlanta. More than 350 fie ld representa repository for Carter administration records. Mu eum, which adjoins the Center, is tives are stationed in 20 countries in The Museum ofThe]immy Carter Library owned and operated by the National Africa and Latin America. is open Monday through Saturday, 9 a.m. to Archives and Records Administration of 4:45p.m., and Sunday, noon to 4:45p.m. It the federal government. The Center and How do people become involved in features exhibits on the American presi Library are known collectively as The the Center's work? dency, the Carter administration, and more. Carter Presidential Center. More than 100 undergraduate and Admission is $5 for adu lts, $4 for senior graduate students work with Center citizens 55 and older, and free for children How is the Center funded? programs for academic credit or practical 16 and younger. For more information, call Private donations from individuals, experience each year. More than 100 (404) 33 1-0296. foundations, and corporations financed volunteers donate an average of one day construction of The Carter Center's of their time each week to the Center. How can people learn more about the facilities. These and others supported the They work with Center programs, assist Center's work? 1997-98 budget with donations totaling with special events, and conduct a The Office of Public Information approximately $58.1 million. The Jimmy limited number of priva te tours. For provides information and publications on Carter Library and Museum, also built volunteer information, call (404) 420- the Center's activities. For inquiries and a with private funds, were deeded to the 5105. To learn more about internships, list of pub! ications, ca 11 (404) 4 20-51 1 7. federal government after construction. call (404) 420-5151 or visit our Web site Information about the Center also is The Carter Center Inc. is a 501(c)(3) at www.cartercenter.org. available on the Internet at charitable organization, and contribu- www.cartercenter.org./i/f
CA R TER CEN T ER ANNU AL R E PORT Ffit9hti'l9 {JJ,i;·etl~·e
ll~ltl {dt.Jtl,lClif9 .9letrlth Guinea Worm Eradication Leads to BeHer Lives
"If u·e concentrate our effons and consider each and et•ery case a 4) Health workers began to educate the people about the medical emergency, we can stop chis disease everywhere oumde of prevention of Guinea worm infection. Sudan try 2000. Until ewry Guinea U'Orm rs gone, che threat President and Mrs. Carter returned to Dcnchir.-.1 and re!7Uli llS . " Elevanyo in August 1989. "Where there had been perhaps 100 - Donald Hopkin~. M.D., cases in each village the year before, there were now only a As~oc i ate Executive Director, The Carter Center handful," Dr. Hopkins sa id, "and those few cases were persons from other villages." In only one year, the transmission of twas 1988 when former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Guinea worm di ease was halted in Denchira and Elevanyo. Rosalynn Carter first stood face-to-face with people infected One of The Carter Center's field staff returned to both Iwith Guinea worm disease, a parasitic, waterborne affliction vi llages in January 1999 to find that no indigenous cases had found among some of the world's poorest people. The Carters emerged in the nine intervening years. Freedom from Guinea were attending the Second African Regional Conference on worm disease, the Center's Resident Technical Advisor Keith G uinea Worm Eradication in Accra, the capital of Ghana. llackett found, has meant better health and economic security After the meeting, they traveled some 45 minutes into the for the villagers. It ha~ allowed them to fann productively countryside to the subsistence farming villages of Denchira and without interruption caused by the painful disease. Children Elevanyo, situated one mile apart. have attended school consistently, since they have not been Waiting in each village for the dignitaries from far away affl icted with the disease themselves or had to work in the were all the residents, about one-third of whom were infected fields in place of their infected elders. with Guinea worms. "Those who were sick waited under the trees," recalled Dr. Donald Hopkins, associate executive A Generation of Success director of The Carter Center, who was part of the delegation. The success achieved in these two remote villages in "There were scores of them. Many were squatting on the Ghana has been repeated again and again since the world ground and some were sitting in chairs. They were in a line, resolved to eradicate Guinea worm disease. and those of us visiting moved slowly along, greeting them. Encouraged by the final eradication of mallpox in 1977, "I was behind Mrs. Carter in Denchira as we filed past the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in these people. Ahead, I saw a woman who seemed to be cradling 1980 proposed that G uinea worm disease be eradicated. From a child. But when we got do er, I saw thaL l!he was not crad ling the beginning, Dr. Hopkins, then with the CDC, was a driving a child. She was cradling her right breast. It was abscessed and a force in the effort. Support was minimal, however, untill986, worm was emerging. Mrs. Carter was taken aback at the sight." when The Carter Center joined the endeavor. At the time, the means to eradicate Guinea worm were Because Guinea worm di ease cannot be cured or known and relatively simple. However, the eradication program vaccinated against, interrupting the worm's life cycle is had not yet made significant inroads against the di ease, then essential for eradication. Humans are infected when they drink present in millions of people in Africa and parts of A ia. water containing tiny water fleas that have fed on the larvae of Immediately following their visit, the Carters promoted the worm. ln the bodies of their human hosts, the larvae move everal steps to accelerate the eradication process in Denchira to the abdominal tissues and grow. Mature, fertilized females and Elevanyo: 1) C loth filters were given to the villagers to migrate to various parts of the human body and after 12 strain their drinking water; 2) The nontoxic chemical months begin to emerge lowly through the skin. ABAT~. which kills Guinea worm larvae in water but does As the thin, 2- to 3-foot-long worms emerge, they secrete not affect humans, was put into the water sources; 3) Plans a toxin that creates a burning blister on the skin. If the human were made to drill a deep borehole well for fresh underground host wades into a village waterhole to ease the burning, water that people could not contam inate by wading into it; and hundreds of thousands of new Larvae are released, and the
CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT )my Rawlings, president of Ghana, holds a jar containing Guinea worm as he explains to tribal leaders l10w the parasite is transmitted through contaminated water.
infection cycle begins anew. People with Guinea worm d1sease worm disease, encompass ing volunteers in villages, interna endure intense pain that renders them unable to work, attend tional corporations, governments, bilateral agencies, The school, or function normally for up to three months. In the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICE F, and individuals most extreme cases, crippling and even death from tetanus or worldwide. Major support has come from African leaders such other econdary infection may occur. as Gen. Amadou Toumani Toure (Mali's former head of state) A remarkable coalition has waged war against Gumea (continued on next page)
BaHiing Guinea Worm From the Trenches
he campaign to eradicate Guinea worm disease would Ethiopia RTA Teshome Gebre provides incentives to not be successful without the help of The Carter village~based volunteers and health work.ers to help them TCenter's Resident Technical Advisors (RTAs), who stay focused on eradication. He gives away "Guinea worm spend their days wrestling the "fiery serpent" in parts of eradication hats, cloth, and T~shirts . We also plan to offer Africa. training opportunities and certificates of achievement," he Each RTA is assigned to a country where Guinea worm said. is found. All advisors work. in the Ministry of Health to Working in Sudan, where civil war h.ru; divided the support ito; staff m the field. This method helps to ensure that country for the past 15 years, presents special challenges. new cases of the disease are contained and that people Fighting hinders efforts to enter remote areas where Guinea continue to use water filters and other simple, preventive worm cases still are found. Despite the fighting, Elvin Hilyer, methods. the RTA in Khartoum, believes the disease can be eradicated Brad Bark.er, the RTA in Mali, has devised innovative in Sudan, but only after the entire country is accesstble. ways to educate villagers in his country. "We hold a competi~ Bruce Ross, the RTA for most of southern Sudan, who tion akin to the American game show 'Jeopardy,"' said Mr. is based in Nairobi, Kenya, agreed. "Eradication efforts are Barker, a native of Oregon. "Wirmers receive small prizes taking hold in areas not so hard hit by famine and war," he such as cola nuts or sugar for knowing the correct answers to said. "Some parts of Sudan have the capacity to move ahead Guinea worm prevention questions.'' and become more self~sufficient."
CARTER CENTER ANNUAL RE PORT Left: Ghanian villagers of Elevanyo are free of Guinea worm disease, thanks to simple prevention methods such as straining their drinking water with cloth fdcers.
Right: Health workers use educational cools such as this poster to teach viliCigers how co prevent Guinea worm disease. It warns people with Guinea worm not co wade or bathe in ponds to avoid spreading the disease.
and President Jerry Rawlings of Ghana; DuPont and Precision A Worthwhile Return on Investment Fabrics G roup, which have donated more than 2 million square The significance of the Guinea worm campaign is far yards of nylon filter cloth; and American Cyanamid/American reaching, noted Dr. Hopkins. ln add ition to im proving the Home Products, which has given thousands of liters of the health, agricultural productivity, and school attendance of larvicide ABATE®. affected populations, it has demonstrated the efficacy of health ln 1986, the world counted more than 3.1 million cases education in disease control, underscored the potential impact of of Guinea worm disea e among people in 19 countries: Paki local volunteers for conducting monthly village-based surveil stan, India, Yemen, and 16 nations in Africa. ln addition, more lance, and shown the potential value of disease eradication to than 110 million were at risk of the infection because of unsafe national economies. The World Bank estimates that the rerum water supplies. Twelve years later, when the Seventh African rate on the investment in Guinea worm erad ication will be about Regional Conference on Guinea Worm Eradication was held in 29 percent per year. Even this figure, Dr. Hopkins said, is "based the capital of Mali in 1998, eradication was more than 95 on a conservative estimate of the average amount of time percem complete. Of the approximately 100,000 cases remain infected worker!> are unable to perform agricu ltural tasks." ing, some 60 percent are in the southern region of Sudan, Guinea worm eradication also will show the potential for where ongoing civil war has made efforts to erad icate Guinea eradicating a parasite for the first time and without u ing a worm disease extremely difficult. vaccine. In 1998, donors made mu ltiyear commitments totaling When Mr. Hackett visited Denchira in early 1999, he more than $1 1 million to the final as ault on Guinea worm asked to speak with the woman with the infected breast whom disease. The list includes: the World Bank; the governments of the Carters had seen on their first visit. The villagers didn't know Japan, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Denmark; and where she was. "That was a long time ago," they told him. American Home Products Corporation. Also contributing were "This is a telling commentary," Or. Hopkins said. "When the State of Qatar, the Netherlands, Finland, Canada, the the Guinea worm is finally eradicated completely, future genera Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, the Kuwait Fund, the OPEC tions won't even know about it." The memory of the disease and Fund, and a generous American donor. its pain will have been eradicated, too/i/t
CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT BRINGING MENTAL HEALTH ISS UE S TO LIG HT Journalism Fellows Help Break the Stigma of Mental Illnesses
"Through thrs fellou·ship progrum, cak'Tltcd Journalist!> are hclpmg nosed as bipolar, a serious mental illness also known as manit. c.U:;pel rhe sagma and t.hscn11Unatlon that has surrouruled mental depre.<,. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL Excerpt from Leslie Sowers' series in The Houston Chronicle GeHing Help Early Will Make a World of DiHerence for Kids any early--childhood educators despair at the rage early indicators of major mental illness, such as bipolar Mthey see in an increasing number of very young disorder or schizophrenia. One mother of a 17 -year-old children. with schizo-affective disorder and other diagnoses said that Hitting, kicking, shoving, pushing, cursing, and as a toddler her son was asked to leave at least four child stabbing, they have inflicted injury on their classmates and care centers. At the time, pediatric neurologists and even their teachers. Their intensity and fury can be shock psychiatrists assured her he just needed discipline. ing. Some need constant Even when psychiatrists suspect a major mental monitoring. Parents have lost illness, they make such a diagnosis reluctantly for fear of jobs because they've been called stigmatizing the child. to preschool too often. To avoid labeling children, the early-childhood Sometimes neither parents advocate organization Zero to Three has developed a nor teachers are sure whether diagnostic approach that assesses a child's strengths and behavior is a developmental resources. It also tries to understand what might be stage or a problem. Some interfering with his or her normal development. aggression is normal. But overly The list of possible disruptions is long: neurological aggressive, impulsive, and out-of differences, chemical imbalances, exposure to violence or control behavior can signal abuse, even mismatches in temperament between child and underlying problems ranging parents. ~ from Attention Deficit Hyperac "Because the disturbing behavior could be the result ~ tivity Disorder (ADHD) to of any number of difficulties, it's really important to find ~ autism to depression. The trick is out what the behavior means," said Emily Fenichel of Zero ~ to spot a problem and intervene to Three. § early without burdening children "Regardless of the underlying cause, early interven ~ with potentially damaging labels. tion can give parents the information and tools they need Therarry for children with ADHD, for instance, to keep problems from escalating," said Dr. Regina Hicks, mental illnesses often OCCUTS affects an estimated 5 percent to director of child and adolescent services for the Mental via one--on-one counseling in 10 percent of the school-age Health and Mental Retardation Authority of Harris informal settings, as shown population. But hyperactivity County. here at a Texas Tesidential can be a symptom of depression "Early intervention can't solve everything," Dr. Hicks treatment centeT. or anxiety as well as the less said. "We can't prevent schizophrenia if everybody goes to common ADHD. Each disorder parenting class." responds to different medications But even with rare disorders, such as early-onset and treatment approaches, and only careful evaluation can schizophrenia or neurologically based problems such as distinguish them. autism, children can benefit from early recognition and In rare instances, the same troubling behaviors may be treatment. ~ CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT ''De~pite fighting tight deadlines and pouring through piles of research materials, l found this fn"oject w be onL' of the most challenging and saris[)'ing assignments I hut•e et•er tackled in my J7,year career a.' a refJOrter. It was a 'l't.'T)' rewarding e..xperrence, both fn"ofessionally and per$onally. Know, ing that m some way my work m(lY hdp diminish misconceptions about mental illness makes it eq,•en more worthwhile." - Le:-.lie Sowers, Rosalynn Cart~:r Fellow for Mentallle.t!th Jnurnaltsm with mental and emotional needs and what happens if those problems aren't addressed," Ms. Sowers said. Ms. Sowers' proJect resulted in The Hou.ston Chronicle running an extensive three-part series on the topic m May 1998. The first segment dealt with issues ranging from 3-year olds expelled from day care for being "hard to control" to middle-schoolers shooting classmates. The second installment examined che role schools play. "Experts estimate chat between 7 and 12 million children and adolescents in this country have some form of mental illness," Ms. Sowers stated in her article. "But only a fraction receive mental health services in any setting, public or private- yet they all attend school." The last segment addressed mental illne:ss and adoles cents. "Some 150,000 youths in the juvenile-justice system are estimated to have at least one diagnosable d1sorder .... Children criss-cross the line either VICtim or crimmal, therapy or Jad, mentally ill or criminal- until it's a blur," Ms. Sowers wrote. Reporter and Pulitzer Prize nominee Leslie Sowers researches Dr. John Gates, d1reccor of The Carter Center's Mental information about children with mentaltUnesses Her three~parc Health Program, believes that prOJeCts such m. Ms. Sowers' can series on the subjeCt first appeared in The Houston Chronicle in s1gmficantly dimimsh stigma and discriminanon agamst those May 1998. w1th mentaltllnesse~. "Any layperson readmg tht~ new~ sene~. or even just a part of It, will undoubtedly come away w1th a new appreciation of the importance of providing adequate mental rc:-.earch. That's the whole idea to expose JOurnalists to new health services for chtldren. That understanding alone helps experiences regarding mental health so that they can write tremendously," Dr. Gares said. "It's a step in the right Jirection about issues they have studied and now understanu so much to get people to accept that mental illness arc just that better." illnesses- like diabetes or heart disease that can be treated In the summer of 1998, The Carter Center selected 1ts effectively." second group ofRosalynn Carter Fellows m Mencal Health Dunng the course of the1r fellowships, JOumalt&ts recetve Journalism. Among them b Joshua Wolf Shenk, who IS studymg advice and support from the fellowship advisory board members. how U.S. President Abraham Lincoln coped with depression Dr. jane Delgado, presidenr and chief executive officer of the and how views of mental illnesses have since evolved. National Coahtion of Hispanic Health and Human Serv1ces "Mrs. Carter has devoted great energy to promoting Organizations, worked with Ms. Sowers. "As Leslie's mentor, I awareness and reducing sugma around mental illness," Mr. was impressed to see that he didn't approach her top1c with a Shenk said. "My project supports those 1mportant goals. Al predetermined assumption or particular news angle," Dr. though Lincoln battled an illness, he also persevered, dedicating Delgado s~ud. "She was open-minded and really worked to strike himself ro his family, his country, and his love of ideas. His a balance in this series. I think that's why it's so compelling. legacy proves that people with mental illnesses have capabilities Leslie was writing about what she had learned through her and talents from which we all can benefit."§? CARTER CFNTER ANNUAL REPORT CREP Represents Another Step Toward Self,Reliance "A CREP is a financing cooperative made up of memlx>rs living in r.he same village, regularly brmging r.heir savinJr.i c.o be used as a source of credit. It is a nonprofit orgaruzanon oumed and managed lry members themselves who are all sharehol.dL>rs. The maJor objecove IS c.o improve members' st.aru:lard of living lry developrng a spirit of solidarity, encouraging .'iCWings, promoong beneficial loans wuh reasonable interest rates, and fightzng TTIOTU.'Y lenaers and middlemen .'' -Marcel Galiba, SG 2000 Director for Benin, Burkina Faso, and Mali new crop has taken root in the West African nation of Benin. A The seeds were planted in 1992 as farmers banded together to form local savings and loan associations, known as Gbanakin Zongbedji is a farmer and president of the Gbowime village in Benin. He was the CREPs, to bank their rising incomes from first in his village to plant an SG 2000 test plot, whe-re yields of maize tripled . crop production. By 1998, more than 20,000 fanners had set up 40 CREPs with African farmers. Their journey began in Africa Association and led by agricultural $3.73 million in combined savings and 1986, when a devastating famine in expert Norman Borlaug. Dr. Borlaug withdrawals of $2.8 million. Ethiopia led to the creation of SO 2000, a received the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for The CREPs represent another step partnership between The Carter Center's starting a "Green Revolution" in Asia and forward on the road to self-reliance for Global 2000 program and Japan's Sasakawa Latin America that reduced malnutrition through improved farming methods. The revolution has now spread to Africa, where SG 2000 works with minis tries of agriculture in L2 nations to help A BeHer Way of Life in Benin small-scale farmers use improved growing methods to double and triple their yields of "The CREP allows farmers to withdraw money when they need it. Rural com, wheat, and other grains. After five to hanks charge 25 percent interest; the CREP charges 15 percent. Savings farmers seven years, the country continues the deposit with the CREP earn 6 percent, while the banks pay only 3 percent. program independentl y. "Most loans from the CREP are used to buy improved seeds, fertilizer, and These methods definitely work. insecticides, to pay for the transport of fa rm goods and to buy food or other Farmers in Sudan grew enough wheat to nccess1tie1> m the period before harvest .... increase production by 500 percent in five "Before, we had traditional medicme only. The village now ha:; a doctor years, in spite of an ongoing civil war. In whose alary 1s partially pa1d by the CREP. He holds regular classes to teach 1997, farmers in Ethiopia exported maize for mothers how to feed and care for their children."-Gbanakin Zongbedji , a farmer the first time to help their neighbors in from the Gbowime village in Benin drought-stricken Kenya. And in Ghana, farme rs now grow Quality Protein Maize CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT (QPM), a genetically improved variety of bers can make regular depostts and arrange vtllage, where ytelds of maize tripled. He corn that provtdes better nutrition for loans at reduced rates on days that are and other farmers eventually formed a babies weaned on cereal grain. convemenr. Villages also benefit when thrivmgCREP. Before the advent of CREPs, CREPs use therr profits to build health "ln the last five years, the main depositing and borrowing money was time· clinics and classrooms. More important, changes in the village arc the improvement consuming and cxpenstve for farmer:.. The CREPs provtde members wtth a say in in agnculturnl prncttces that have led to proces.~ required a trip to a distant bank making decisions that improve the lives of higher yields," said Mr. Zong~dji. "Now where the paperwork wa:. cumbersome and their fumilics and communittes. that groups of farmers have been formed, interest rates high. It also meant precious Gbanakin Zongbedjt is one who they can internet to make a common ttme away from workmg their farms. knows. The Benm farmer was the first to deciston. They didn't know how to save With locally owned CREP , mem- plant an SG 2000 test plot in Gbowime before."///! Guinea Worm Disease - The Battle Not Yet Complete "Witt•n 1lte mowJ to oil£' of Kampala·~ shantytowns (m l garulal. unmmu luu1 no td.ca !lUll tTal'CUtl,f.! ttUmg imuJc her U'm Otl£ of chc ~ts she hoped she nev<.'T woulcl see agam after leatmg her rural t·illage She wd ~he ~r che uvrm r1us mn wh.crt she IJISitea the vi/Jag" lrut vcar and Jrank unfilter d water, ~en though she knew better • The ClliC:ag<• Tnhun~.:, Apnl 2, llJ98 mce biblical times, Guinea worm disease (dracuru:uliasi~) has Career Center uffki® and other global parmers meet annuaUy to assess theiT progress in S inflicted tremendous suffering, eradicating Guinea wonn disease. ]immy Carter (left), Carter Center Associate Executive most recendy among people m Africa, Director Donald Hopkins, and Gen. Amadou Toumani Toure of Mali attended the 1998 India, Pakistan, and Yemen. In 1986, The regional conference in Gen. Toure's homeland. Carter Center and other global partner:. launched a campaign that already has Regional Conference on Gumca Worm Guinea worm disease often bnng new ehminated more than 95 percent of all Eradication m Bamako, Malt. They infectton mto areas long ftee of the cases. Though eradication is nearly bramstormed on ways to overcome two parasite. People become infected by complete, the battle is not yet over. In lingering obstacles: tiny, dispersed hamlets, drinking water contaminated with larvae 1998, the Center issued a call for a final where many of the remaining cases are that grow into a thin worm up to 3 feet assault against the world's 100,000 found, and nomadic groups that move long and emerge a year later through remainmg cases (see related on Page 8). about some of the affected African painful bltsters on the skin. The disease More than 200 health workers heard countries. spreads when infected villagers wade into the message at the Seventh African Nomads and other migrants with (continued on next page) CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT ponds to relieve the burning the nied CNN reporters, Peace Corps volun "When you get down to 100 cases in emerging worms cause. Upon contact teers, and other partners to Nerenikoro in a nation, people often assume they've with water, the worm releases thousands southeastern Mali. The village had been achieved victory and back away from strict of larvae, starting the life cycle again. free of Guinea worm for more than 20 years. adherence to prevention," explained Mark Although no cure exists, simple In fact, residents had stopped filtering their Pelletier, then the RTA in Uganda. "The methods to purify water can prevent the drinking water because they thought the next thing you know, you've got an infection. disease was eliminated- until four villagers outbreak in a village like Nerenikoro, After the Mali conference, Carter became infected in 1997. A stranger passing which thought it was free of the disease. Center field staff known as Resident through the villagers' farmland probably It's proof that until every Guinea worm is Technical Advisors (RTAs) accompa- contaminated the water supply. gone, the threat remains." /f/t Medicine and Education Help Millions to Prevent Blindness "Ever since the camt>aign agairut onchocer streams. People infected with the disease decided to donate the drug in 1987 for as ciasis began, people are gradually coming experience constant itching and rash long as needed to control river blindness. back to cultivate and even settle in and (similar to poison ivy), eyesight damage, [t provides tablets to programs approved around the fertile hills of Patera village. " and often blindness. The pharmaceutical through the Mectizan® Expert Commit company Merck and Co. Inc. discovered tee, which is based at The Task Force for - Lui"i Onen, a Ugandan training Mectizan181, which prevents the disease Child Survival and Development, a session participant for community-based through a single yearly dose. Merck medicine dtstributors or several hundred years in Africa, a blinding disease transmitted by Fswarms of blackflies has forced farmers to abandon fertile land beside rushing rivers and streams. To escape the disease, vlllagers leave behind the hope of culti vating the crops that their families and villages need to survive. Around 1938, French doctors in what is now Burkina Faso linked the disease known as river blindness (onchocerciasis) with the abandonment of river valleys. Today, the disease is steadily retreating from Africa and Latin A merica, thanks to the donation of a tablet called Mectizan181 and the global partners who help distribute it. River blindness is a parasitic A health worker gives a Mectizan® treatment to a young girl on a coffee plantation in Guate, infection spread by biting blackflies that mala. Whether they are infected or not, everyone must take the medicine to prevent river breed near fast-flowing rivers and blindness. The disease affects people in Africa and parts of Latin America. CA RTER CENT ER ANNUAL REP OR T _ 1/·r.'tfl'tf/11-\' Carter Center partner. More than 100 Nigeria alone. A particular success in Health Organization with RBP's leadership. million treatments have been provided 1998 was the expansion of activities in Colombia, Mexico, and Ecuador also are to control river blindness in 34 endemic Sudan, where despite civil war, Mectizan® close to certifying that the disease has been countries. treatments increased 200 percent from the eliminated completely. The Carter Center The Carter Center's River Blind previous year. holds mstitutLonal seats on the direct ness Program (RBP) works to eliminate International coalitions are critical technical committees of both APOC and river blindness as a public health threat to the battle to elimmatc onchocerciasis OEPA. through partnerships with government a~ a public health problem. In Africa, The Once nver blindness LS eliminated, the ministries of health and by empowering Carter Center has a strong relationship work of community-based drug distribution communities to help themselves through with the African Program for Onchocer programs will noL end. In Nigeria, health health education and Mectizanllli distribu ciasis Control (APOC). Launched in workers are using what they have learned in tion. The program works closely with 1995, APOC is a 12-ycar program the river blindness and Guinea worm Lions Clubs International in Nigeria, supported by a World Bank trust fund and programs to fight other parasitic diseases: Cameroon, and Sudan. executed under the direction of the World lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, and Thus far, RBP-assisted programs Health Organization with a goal of trachoma. These infections also can be safely have facilitated more than 14.5 million eliminating river blindness from 19 treated with annual doses of anti-parasitic treatments in Africa and Latin America. countries in Africa by 2007. This is the drugs, the same strategy that is being In 1998, programs provided more than same year the disease is targeted for executed today so successfully against river 5.6 million Mectizan® treatments and elimination in Latin America through the blindness. "The success of our existing health plan to provide more than 6 million Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for programs gives The Carter Center a firm treatments in 1999. Of those, 72 percent the Americas (OEPA). OEPA operates foundation upon which to build additional -3.9 million treatments- were in under the auspices of the Pan American public health efforts," said Jimmy Carter. //? Interfaith Health Program Links Faith and Public Health Groups "The m()vemmc w fmng crmgreganonal for IHP's work. First, two-thirds of all deaths conncctron, this time with five U.S. resource~ to hear on srx:wry\ d..•epest before age 65 are preventable by breaking universities. The schools- Emory problems - tspecralJ.., Jmhlic ho?alth and bad health habits such as smoking, improper Unrversrry, the University of Pittsburgh, />Otc'TN connells rcii!,'IIIH.. , comm!lnltlt!-' to diet, and excessive drinking. Second, the University of St. Louis, the University then· largt.'1 commrmltles at the root..~." approximately 75 million people attend a of South Carolina, and the Universtty of - The Rev Gary Gunder,on, place of worship at least once a week. IHP California-Berkeley - are pttrticip ::mr~ in lmetiuth I kalrh Program Drreuur, taps this vast resource by helping faith groups the Faith and Health Consortium. Each site The C.trter ( enr~r establish effective community health involves at least a public health school, programs. Its also provides information theology school, or seminary. That unrt ince 1992, a quiet but determined through its Web site at www.ihpnet.org and works with nursing and medical schools movement has begun to unite national forums about at-risk children and and community partners to develop courses Speop le of faith in the name of other topics. Additionally, IHP staff leads and research and service projects that health. The Carter Center's Interfaith training sessions for religious leaders, medical emphasize faith/health connections in Health Program (IHP) leads the effort, professionals, public health workers, congre theory and practice. Ideally, students and linking faith and public health groups gation members, and community groups. local leaders will use what they learn to together to promote wellness and prevent They also advise congregations on how they approach their professions - and their disease. can serve as liaisons to health care services. communities - with a fresh perspective. Two powerful statistics form the basis IHP recently formed yet another (continued on next page) CAR TER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT The consortium is alive and well in Pittsburgh, where Christian Life Skills, a grassroots community group, and Pitts burgh Theological Seminary are coordi nating a project for African Americans with other local agencies and churches. "Families and Youth 2000" offers drug counseling, parenting classes, job training, and primary medical care, including outpatient and mental health services. IHP has fo und a new consortium partner in South Africa, where the University of Capetown has agreed to become the firs t international site. The program also has exchanged information with United Theological College, one of India's main theology schools, and health care agencies, as well as health science schools in Bangalore, India. "We're very excited about working with international partners," says Fran Wenger, IHP's consortium coordinator. "Faith and health are universal issues, and people of all backgrounds and cultures can A parish nurse checks a woman's blood pressure at an Atlanta Health Care Fair, sponsored by benefit tremendously through projects a multiethnic coalition that includes 25 congregations. The fair exemplifies how public health such as this." /flf and faith groups can collaborate co improve health in their communities. Computers and Convenience - They All Come at a Price "When seekmg care, It is extremely Important write a report for work, pay the electric November 1997 symposium gathered that patients and their families understand bill, reserve an airline ticket, or help our nearly 200 professionals from 60 mental what fmms they are signing and what children with their homework. However, health organizations who explored how to permissions they are granting . ... They should convenience comes at a price. Computers safeguard the collection, transfer, storage, also make clear that the release of information also transm it personal health information and use of consumer mental health records about their personal lives is important w them to managed care companies, researchers, and related data. and they want some say in who re•views their and employers. This technology can "The fear is real," said Tipper Gore, records." threaten our privacy, especially when it who spoke at the symposium as mental - Rosalynn Carter, Chair, involves mental health care. health policy advisor to U.S. President Bill Mental Health T.1sk Force "It's surprising how many sources Clinton. For example, she noted that seek access to people's health records more people pay cash for sensitive omputers continue to make our and how easy it is to get them," said services, such as psychotherapy. This way, lives easier every day. With the Rosalynn Carter during her 13"' Annual they avoid fi ling the paperwork their C click of a few keystrokes, we can Symposium on Mental Health Policy. The CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT m~urance company requires. Attendees suggested creating a Tipper Gore (right) joined Rosalynn national board to regulate who reviews Carter for the 1997 sensitive med1cal information and how Symposium on such data is used. They also recommended Mental Health strengthening or generating laws co Policy to firu:l ways penalize those who obtain access to to protect the confidentiality of medical data wtthout the consumer's computerized health pcrmtSl!IOn. These and other recommen recorc1, including dations will be published m Privacy & treatment for mental Ccmfulenciabr:y in Mental Health Care illnesses. (Brookes Pubhshing, October 1999). The Carter Center Mental Health Task Force help:. plan each symposium which focuses on a key public policy issue. Establi~hed by Mrs. Carter in 1991, the The Mental Health Task Force program identifies issues of major concern, he Mental Health T~k Force tdentifie; major mental health iSltues, convenes convenes diverse constituencies, and mectmgs, and develop:. initiatives to reduce stit,ma and discrimination against develops specific mitiatives to reduce T people with mental illnCSl!CS. Members include: stigma and discrimination against people with mental illnesses and promote Rosalynn Carter, Chair Americans' mental health. The newest Renato D. Alarcon, M.D., M.P.H., Emory University School of Medicine initiative is the Rosalynn Carter Fellow Jane Delgado, Ph.D., National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Service; ships for Mentall lealth journalism (see Organizations related story on Page 11 ), enabling print Leon Eisenberg, M.D., Harvard Medical School. ~partment of Social Medicine and broadcast reporters to research and Mary Jane England, M.D., Washington Bu!.mess Group on llealth write about toptcs related to mental Jack D. Gordon, Hospice Foundation of America health and mentaltllnesses to help Leslie Scaltet, J.D., The Lcwm Group educate the publtc. B. Franklin Skinner, BcllSouth Td~ommw1icatioru:. lnc. Three years ago, the Mental Health Richard Surb, Ph.D., Rutgers Umversity Program inmatcd the Rosalynn Carter Ex Offrcio Members Georgia Mental Health Forum to address Tho~ Bryant, M.D., J.D., Non-Profit Management A,•,octar~ Inc. issues concerning the state's mental Kathryn Cadc, Bank of Boston health community. The May 1998 forum Jeffrey Houpt, M.D., University ofNorch C'lrolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine drew 350 mental health providers, advocates, and consumers, who examined Fcll.ou·s ways to 1mprove counseling anJ commu Wtlliam Foegc, M.D., The Carter Center ntty servtces for children and teen-agers. Julius Richmond, M.D., Former U.S. Surgeon General Mrs. Carter also spotlights mental National Adt'ISOT)' Council health tssues worldwide as chair of the Johnnetta B. Cole, Ph.D., Emory University lntemattonal Committee of Women Antonia Novello, M.D., UNICEF Leaders for Mental Health. The Commit Robert D. Ray, M.D., Drake Universtty tee includes ftrst ladies, heads of state, and Donald J. Richard.-.on, Ph.D., National Alliance for Research on Schuophrcnia and royal household members who initiate Depression activities in their own countries to Jennifer Jont:S Simon, The Norton Simon Mu:.cum 1mprove mental health and address Wtlliam Woodside, Sky Chef: Inc. mental illnesses, which affect nearly 500 Joanne Woodward, Actre CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Jamaicans Heartened by Most Peaceful Election in Years "This election campaign has not been marred by undue violence, arul jobs and government housing. Gangs working for political I regard this as a clear stgn to all who are not blind to see that t.he pa rties also have intimidated opponents. More than 800 people country wants an end to political o.•iolence." were killed in the 1980 campaign, while in 1993, armed gangs - Jamaica Prime Minister P.J. Patterson burst into polling stations and grabbed ballot boxes. By 1997, survey results showed that Jamaicans feared n Dec. 18, 1997, a Carter Center delegation electoral violence, were uncertain about whether the upcoming monitored the most peaceful election in 30 years in general elections would be fa ir, and were less inclined to vote 0 a country where electoral violence and voting fraud than in the past. To help keep the peace, officials sanctioned have plagued parliamentary campaigns since democracy was outside electoral observers for the fi rst time in Jamaica's history. instituted in 1944. In November, Jamaica's Electoral Advi ory Committee invited Parry loyalty runs deep in Jamaica but often for the wrong The Carter Center's Council of Freely Elected Heads of reasons. Citizens there have little political choice if they Government as the only international monitors. One month happen to live in one of the nation's "garrison constituencies" later, the Center deployed a 60-person team led by former U.S. -areas pri marily in the capital city of Kingston where one President Jimmy Carter and fo rmer Chair of the Joint Chiefs of party excludes others from competing. Garrison leaders ensure Staff Gen. Colin Powell. Three former Latin American and their dominance through a combination of force, pol itical Caribbean heads of government joined the mission along with intimidation, and patronage that rewards voter loyalty with former First Lady Rosalynn Carter, boxing champion Evander Evander Holyfield (left) , Colin PoweU, and jimmy Carter answer questions from the press on election day in jamaica. President Carter and Gen. PoweU co-led the first international delegation to observe elee tions there . g ~ z L------~------~------~--~> CARTER C ENTER ANNUAL REPORT What Do Election Monitors Do? incc 1989, The Carter Center ha~ ffillnttorcJ more few pcrcl!ntagc point~. Whcrc polttical pol.triz.ttton is th m 20 elections in 15 countries 10 Latin Amcnca, strong and vicrory st.tkcs arc high, the quick count can S the Canbbean, Afnca, the M1ddle East, .md Chma. rea!isure the anm)unccd losl!r~> that the voting wa~ con But what role Ju monitors actually play on dccuon day? ducted fa1rly, lendmg to tundy and graceful conc(!l;~ton The1r \\ork 1s tc ltous but 1mportant. After ngorous ~pccches. Altcrn:.tll\ elh where there ts a s1:ablc dttfercncc trammg 10 clccuon rules, monitonng pracuces, .10d between the qmck count and the offictally reported political h1 tor), rnonttors deplo) by plane, four-wheel outcome, oh crvcrs know w mvesug.tte dtstortlon 10 drh·e, and even canoe to locattom across the country. They voung patterns that may reflect faults 10 the quick count mcl.'t with local electoral officials, poltttcal pJrty rcprcscn· or national ralites. tauv~. and ccunty personnel to learn .tbout the rcg10n Even Without a qutck count process, the qualtt,ttlve they wdl ob cr\'e. On election day, often before da\\n, pairs observations that momtnn. make can help calm clccroraJ of momtors vtstt about 12 polling sites where they a~k a tcnsumJ> and give cttizcns a natiOnal view so that indi sencs of qul!stions (e.g., Do agents of m least two polttical vidual incidents arc nor gcnemlized to condemn a basically parries say rhar the ballot box was mirmlly empty? W'cls good election. In Jamaica, the delegation noted that security stationed outside and cooperating with the despite irregularities and some violence, the 1997 elections presiding poll officer?) to determine 1f any irn:gulamies represented the collective will of the people. A few have occurred that could affect election results. The months later, The Carter Center i<;sued a report on rhe monitors later compare chis systematic survey co informa· elections with recomm~:ndauom for 1mprovmg the tion that other Carter Center teams have collected, process. Jamaica Ambassador Richard Bernal was among resu lting in a nationwide "snapshot" of dr.!ctkm day those who read it. procedures. "An election thar wns the most peaceful for the past One!.! the poll:, close, the monitors observe the vote 30 years in our hi~tory could only have resulted because of count ,md submit their reports so that delegation leaders localanJ intem Holyfield, and c1vd rights leader, the Rev. Joseph Lowery. Democratic Movement (NOM), partiCipated m a ceremony to Carter Center observers hoped to prevent a repeat of past affirm nonviolence and political tolerance. Both Prime Minis· elections. "It IS our belief that most Jamaicans fear that thc1r ter Patterson and Mr. Seaga are memhers of the Council of democracy is in danger because of violence, mumtJation. and Freely Elected Heads of Government, wh1ch promotes peace, electoral malpractice," said Robert Pastor, director of the democracy, and economic cooperation in the Western Hemi Center's Latin American and Caribbean Program, which sphere. administers the Counctl. "We hope to deter violence and Gen. Powell al o remforced efforts to break Jamaica's intimidation anJ to encourage Jamaicans to show the world tradition of violence by speaking out against garrison constitu that they can restore their cherished democracy." encies. He urged jama1cans to "begin with a ~tatemenr from political leaders that these communities are no longer accept A Pledge for Nonviolence able and that they will not u e them as a pnnciple means of The day before the election, Prime Mt.ruSter P.J. political support," said Gen. Powell whose parents were born in Patterson, leader of the People's National Party (PN P), fo rmer jamaica. Prime Minister Edward Seaga, head of the jamaica Labor Party On election day, Carter Center delegates observed 1,111 (JLP), and Bruce Golding, leader of the 2-year-old National (continued on next page) CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT "For the first time since full independence was achieved 35 years ago, Jamaica has also invited foreign observers to monitor an election. Former Presidem]immy Carter is leading a 65-member delegation . ... 'We are here to help democratic ]amazcans take back their streets, deepen their democracy, and vote free of fear,' Mr. Carter said." -The New York Times, Dec. 18, 1997 Left : Carter Center delegate Louise Crosby speaks with a presiding officer during the opening of a polling station in St. Andrew East Central. Below: On election day , Jamai cans wait patiently to voce at an urban polling station. VlNMCKAY poll ing stations in 90 percent of Jamaica's constituencie . opposition leaders readily conceded defeat," President Carter C itizens Action for Free and Fair Elections, a local nonpanisan said. "But the process left much to be desired, and the level of moni toring group made up of religious and civic organizations, violence was still too high. Violence has no place in a demo also deployed about 2,000 poll watchers. cratic election." Sixty percent of Jamaica's 1. 2 million voters cast ballots Despite some disruptions, many Jamaicans expressed that day. A record 197 candidates ran for office, and for the first relief that after three decades of violence at the polls they time, a third major political party- the NOM - contended finally had the chance to vote in an atmosphere of diminished for most of Parliament's 60 seats. Prime Minister Patterson's fear. PNP won 51 of the seats, the JLP won 9, and the NOM, none. "This election could go down in our history books as a The prime minister also was re-elected for an unprecedented real turning point for Jamaica in the fight to establish a true third term. democracy," Prime Minister Patterson said. Although the election was significantly more peaceful Samuel Sherwood, a restaurant cook in Kingston, put it and orderly than in the past, Can er Center delegates did note another way. "ln a country like Jamaica, where life is tough, you some negative incidents. They included at least one election hope for changes - changes for the better - whether it be related death, the theft of several ballot boxes, and a number of more housing or something else," he said. "And l think we saw administrative problems, such as missing ballot boxes and black one big change last week: We didn't all kill each other in the books fo r verify ing voter registration. name of politics. People are sick and tired of the violence." /1? "It is a tribute to the democratic spirit of Jamaica that the CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Seeking Ways to Give Peace a Chance "One can trat•erse Afnca, fmm che Red Sea Program seeks to fill this gap by working arises where President Carter has a m the nurtht:CL~C cu the srmthuocstcm Atlanuc to resolve armed conflicts through unique role to play and specific condi Couse, and never steJ> on pclU'c[ul terri ton peaceful means. tions have been mer, the CRP can Frfty thou$and people have recently J>Cnshcd At the heart of this effort ts the directly support his intervention. rn the war becwcen Eritrea and EthmpUI, and Center's lntemauonal Negotiation Such was the case in L994, when almo~t 2 m1Uwn hate died durmg the 16-"Jear Network (INN), a flexible, mformal fears mounted that North Korea was old conflrcc m SU£1m ." network of eminent persons, Nobel Peace developing a nuclear arsenal. At the - ]nnmy C·m~r laureates, and conflict resolution scholars mvitation of then-President Kim II Sung and practittoners who provrtle third-party and with President Bill Clinton's fter the Cold War, many assiStance, expert analysis, and advice to approval, President Carter and Rosalynn expected the world would enter parties in conflict around the globe. Carter went to N orth Korea. Following A an era of unprecedented peace When invited, the INN provides a two days of talks, President Kim agreed and prosperity. While wars between neutral, unofficial forum for negotiations. to freeze North Korea's nuclear program nations occur less frequently, civil INN members and CRP staff in exchange fo r the resumption of conflicts within countries still rage and regularly monitor the world's conflicts to dialogue with the United States. That often are the most difficult to adJress. The gather vital information that may help breakthrough led to the first talks Carter Center's Conflict Resolution resolve them. When an opportunity (continued on next page) The International Negotiation Network he International Negotiation Network includes Wl)rld Robert Pastor, Emory Univer:;tty T leader!> and exper~ from mtemational organizanom, Shridath Ramphal, Former Secretary-General, Common- universities, and foundations who offer ·1dvice and assistance to wealth of Nations help prevent ami re~olvc confltcts. Members include: Barnett Rubin, Counetl on Foreign Rel.lrions Kumar Rupesin~he, State of the World Forum/Europe Jimmy Carter, INN Chair, Former U.S. Prestdent Harold Saunders, Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Oscar Arias Sanchez, Former President of Costa Rica .mJ Marie Angelique Savane, Former Director, Afric.t Dtvtsion, Nobel Laureate ( 1987) U.N. Population Fund Eileen Babbitt, Tuft:; Univcr 1ty Desmond Tutu, Truth and Reconc1lt:mon Comm1s ion and Tahseen Bashir, Former Egyptian Amhas ador to the Nobd Laureate ( 1984) United States Brian Urquhart, Former U.N. Undcrsccretary-Gem·ral for Kevin Clements, International Alert Peacekeeping Javier Pere: de Cuellar, Former U.N. Secretary-General William Ury, Harvard Law School Hans Dietrich Genscher, Former Vtce Chancellor and Cyru... Vance, Former U.S. Secretary nf Sr:tre Mintster of Forei~ Affam, Germany Vamtk Volkan, University of Vtrgini;.~ Tommy Koh, Former Smgaporean Amba~sador to the Peter Wallensteen, Uppsala Umvcrsiry United States Elie Wiesel, Boston Umvers1ty and Nobel Lm1rcate ( 1986) Christopher Mitchell, George Mason University Andrew Young, Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Olusegun Obasanjo, Prcsrd\:nt ofNigena Nations Lisbet Palme, Swed1sh Committee for UNICEF I. William Zartman, Johns Hopkins University CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT between the United States and North agreement marked the longest cease-fire Korea in 40 years and promises by North ever negotiated to fight sickness and Korea to significantly change some of its implement preventive health programs. nuclear energy production facilities. Although the fighting resumed, the CRP Sometimes the CRP collaborates continues to monitor the conflict and with other programs at the Center to actively seek ways to find a peaceful help open doors and build trust with resolution. parties in conflict. For example, because Mos t of the CRP's work focuses on the Center has programs in health and preventing and resolving armed conflicts agriculture, the CRP was able to start in Africa. In late 1996, at the height of working together with the government political tensions in Nigeria, the CRP and others in North Korea toward began convening and participating in a alleviating hunger there. In December series of meetings to determine how the 1997, the CRP and Sasakawa Global Center and others might help prevent 2000, the Center's agriculture program, Africa's most populous country from held a conference to look at increasing sliding toward civil war. At that time, North Korea's food production following military dictator Gen. Sani Abacha was ....,.....______.ill ~ a near-famine the year before. preparing to indefinitely prolong his Among those attending were repressive and corrupt regime, which had Gen. OLusegun Obasanjo, now president of representatives of nongovernmental contributed to one of the world 's leading Nigeria and a member of the Center's organizations from the United States and petroleum exporters becoming among InternationaL Negotiation Network, was South Korea, where tensions remain high the poorest nations on earth. released from prison in )une 1998. He served three years for allegedly planning a coup before with North Korea, and members of the Following Abacha's sudden death the country 's new miUtary ruler released him. SG 2000 Agricultural Council of in June 1998, the CRP led a small Experts. As a result, plans are being assessment trip to Nigeria to meet with developed to help North Korea grow new Head of State Gen. Abdulsalami 1996 when the Center organized two more food based on technology devel Abubakar and offer the Center's assis major summits involving heads of state oped by SG 2000, which has successfully tance in Nigeria's transition to democ from Burundi, Democratic Republic of enabled fanners in Africa to double and racy. CRP staff then worked with other Congo (formerly Zaire), Rwanda, Tanza triple their grain yields. programs at the Center to send interna nia, and Uganda. However, tensions The CRP and SG 2000 also have tional observer delegations to all four continue, and The Carter Center stands helped faci litate peace through health elections in Nigeria from December 1998 ready to restart the dialogue process here initiatives. ln Sudan, The Caner Center through February 1999. These events and in other countries in conflict. has been working for years on immuniza culminated in the transfer of power from Recently, the CRP published its tion and disease eradication programs in the military to a civ ili an-elected govern fourth edition of the Srate of World the midst of a 16-year-old civi l war that ment for the first time in 15 years. Conflict Report, a 100-page report that has ki lled more than 1.5 million people. The Center also remains in close includes articles by President Carter, In 1995, President Carter, with the contact with leaders in everal other Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and other support of the CRP, brokered a four African countries, including the Great INN members designed to focus attention month cease-fire that enabled health Lakes region of Central Africa, an area on the world's most violent conflicts. The workers to reach isolated areas to troubled by political turmoil in the wake program also published a special report on immunize children and treat people for of horrific genocide in Rwanda in 1994. its three-year conflict prevention activi Guinea wonn and other diseases. The Some progress was made in 1995 and ties in the Republic of Georgia. /i? CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT China Village Elections Project elections are democratic and which are compromisL'CI. Among other achievements, the Center and MCA co sponsored rraming sessions on electoral procedures ;md the Jata gathering ~y~tcm for 158 count~ election officials in Hunan. The Center also hosted n sen1or MCA delegation to observt! primary elections tn Georgia. Further broadenmg Its relationship w1th China, The olitical reform in China is one of the most important Carter Center accepteJ that country's invitation to conduct Pchallenges of the 21st century. Although rhts endeavor the first-ever international observation of township people's has heen limited primarily to administrative restructurin~ to con~resl> elections in early 1999. The delegation observed all date, significant demncratic reforms have occurred qutetly for stages of the election of deputies to the Town People's Congress the past decade with the Chinese leadership's full backing. in Chongqing municipality in southwest China. "Our hope is Among the "quiet" progress has been China's growing that the NPC will find our observations useful and constructive involvement with providing electoral choice for village self-governance since the mid-1980s. The country initially encouraged these elections for village committee members to help select better local leaders, improve accountability, and combat corruption. A Carter Center delegation first observed village elections in two China provinces in 1996. Because this experience showed great potential, the Center accepted an invitation from China's Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) in 1997 to help improve the village elections' quality by providing assistance and advice. In M.trch 1998, the Center and MCA signed a landmark agreement, the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), to jointly develop a nation,tl elections data gathering system through a pilot project, st:mdardi::e elecnon procedures, publicize elections, and conduct delegate ex The Carter Center is working CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Democracy Helps Pave Way for Peace "This election could have a dramatic impact Building on the success of the human rights is through education on the rest of Latin America, prompting Center's election work in Latin America programs. Center staff has worked with established parties in other countries to re and the Caribbean, the Democracy instructors and Ministry of Education evaluate their policies. " Program extends these efforts to countries officials in Ethiopia, where children are -Sanchez de Lozada, Former President of in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and beginning to learn about human rights in Boliva and Co-head of the Carter Center Europe. One recent example is Liberia, their civics classes. More recently, the Delegation, Venezuela, December 1997 where citizens who had lived through a Center shared these same lessons with devastating civil war cast ballots in their educators in Liberia. As a result, a task n countries struggling to achieve first democratic election ever in July force composed of representatives from democracy, the tumultuous period 1997. Nearly 500 international observers civil society, the Ministry of Education's I before and after elections often were present on election day, including a C urriculum Development Department, presents special challenges. The Carter 40-member Carter Center delegation. and the United Nations has been formed Center's Democracy Program, established Recognizing that democratization is a to introduce h uman rights into the in 1997, along with its existing Global broader process that requires more than a Liberian school system. Development Initiative activities, helps single election, The Carter Center is The Center also has contributed to nations face them by monitoring and continuing efforts to assist Liberians in the strengthening of democratic institu mediating the consolidation of democra rebuilding their society, strengthening tions by assisting with training of police cies and the institutionalization of civil society and institutionalizing human and judges in human rights principles in human rights standards, sustainable rights standards - the cornerstone of all Ethiopia and with training for NGOs on economic development, and the peaceful Carter Center programs. various topics designed to increase their resolution of conflicts. One of the best ways to promote effectiveness. /if Teaching ideas to young children is one of the best ways to promote human rights. Carter Center staff has worked with instructors and Ministry of Education officials in Ethiopia and Liberia to introduce human rights into the school curricula. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REP O RT Development With a Human Face "lnU'matlmwl Jonor imtitutwns and govem · Though Guyana's draft NOS was attract investment from donors and mcnts are finally rccogm CAR TER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Respecting and Protecting Human Rights "Some government.~, even some fuunda~ Declaration's words into actions by in the spirit of the Declaration's 50th tiom, have stopped paying attention co intervening on behalf of victims of anniversary. human nghts . It's t•cry important that we human rights abuses, helping strengthen A month later, Carter Center staff bnng back the message chat human rights are international systems to enforce human participated in a major U.N. conference crucial co pret:encing conflicts, co presen.•rng rights standards, and encouraging in Rome that led to the historic creation the ent.tironmcnt, co ewry aspect of our democracies to respect and protect those of an International Criminal Court lives." rights. These activities are coordinated by (ICC) to try people accused of crimes -Mary Robinson, the Human Rights Committee. This against humanity and war crimes. Before u N. High Commassioner Committee consists of staff with human the conference, The Carter Center held for Human Raghrs rights expertise who works to strengthen two meetings in the ICC and staff prospects for peace and development in worked closely with NGOs and others orld leaders mourning the new democracies through projects that have worked for a strong and Holocaust made a commit~ promoting respect for human rights. independent court. The Center main W ment to freedom and peace Thirty experts joined U.N. High tained a high degree of contact with the in 1948 by adopting the U.N. Universal Commissioner for Human Rights Mary U.S. delegation throughout the process Declaration of Human Rights. Since Robinson and President Carter in May to help bridge the gap between the U.S., then, securing people's liberties world~ 1998 for a consultation hosted by the which opposed an independent court, wide has progressed, but much work Human Rights Committee. Their and the larger world community. remains. discussion focused on increasing the The Carter Center translates the United Nations' capacity to protect rights Mary Robinson, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights, and)immy Carter participated in a Carter Center meeting to help increase the United Nations' ability co protect human rights. 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declara~ cion of Human Rights and the human rights community sought co identify ways to improve global implementation of the Declaration. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REP O RT "An International Criminal Court u•ill nor be a panacea for all ills, but ic u·ill be good for the United States and all nations. It marks the next essential step on the road to a more just and peaceful world, and the United States must lead the way." -Jimm) Carter An Emphasis on Prevention also supports the work of the U.N. H igh for greater resources for U.N. human righa; Another group was at work before Commissioner for Human Rights in her investigators, special rapporteurs, and and durmg the Rome conference. Con efforts to build a strong human rights workmg groups. cerned that nnt enough ts being done to componenr at the U.N. This is d1fficult "The SO•h anniversary of the Univer prevent violations, The Carter Center's because governments often resist scrutiny sal Declaration of Human Rights offers International Human Rights Council on human rights 1ssues with in the indtvtduals and insm unons an opportumty works to ensure these nghts remain organization. In addition, the Council's to renew the1r commitment to its prin fo remost m the minds of citizens and work has enabled more nongovernmental ciples," concluded Harry Barnes, chair of leaders worldwide. Council members organizations to have access to U.N. the Carter Center Human Rights Commit collaborate to increase the effectiveness of deliberations - such a U.N. conferences tee. "We've made a lot of progress, but not existing human rights efforts. The Council in Rome and Beijing - and has pushed enough to be complacent." /1? The International Human Rights Council he Carter Center's International Human Rights Council works to increase collaboration among intemanonal and T nattonal nongovernmental organizations and world lenders to advance and protect human nghts worldwide. Member:. include: Jimmy Carter, Chatr Teddy Kollek, Former Mayor of Jeru::.alcm, Israel Rosalynn Carter Ewa Letwoska, First Ombudsperson in Ea.~ tern Europe, Poland Philip Alston, Former Cha1r, U.N. Committee on Gay McDougall, lntcmauonalliuman Right~ Law Group, F.conomic and &x:ial R1ght.,, Aw;tralia United State.' Hanan Ashrawi, Former Mmtster, Pabttman National Bacre Waly N'Diaye, Former U.N. pee tal Rap!)<•rteur f'or Authority, We~t B.mk/Gaza ExtrnJUd!cial. Summary, or Arb1tr.try Executions, Senegal Florence Butcgwa, As~iate:. for Change, Uganda Jacquelin Pitanguy, Cidanania, E.~rud1>, Pcsquisa, lnforma~o e Patricia Derian, Former Assistant Secretary for Humnn A<;ao, Brazil Right.~. UnitL-d States Michael Posner, Lawyers Cmnmtrtee for Human Rights, Clarence Oias, International Center for Law and UmteJ State.-. Dcvd(1pment, United Stare.' and Indta Nigel Rodley, U.N. .... (X.>ctal Rl.tpponeur on Torture, Walter Echo-Hawk, Nauve American R1ght.~ Fund, UnttcJ Kingdom UnitL'<-1 Statt:S Mohamed Sahnoun, Special Reprcscnrauve to the U.N. Felice Gacr, Jacoh Blaustem lnsttturt: for the Advance· Secrctary-Gcncral, Algena ment of Hum.m Right~. Umted States Dorothy Thomas, Former Otrector, Women':. Rtgha; ProJect, Hina jilani, AGHS Legal Aid, Pakistan Human Rtghts Watch, UntH..-d States Elaine }one!>, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Andrew Whitley, U.N. Confo.:rencc on Trade and Develop Fund, Untted Swtcs ment, Swmerland Sia Kaxinawa, Alli CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Transition to Democracy Near Completion "For the frrst ome m history, the Americas is a the transition to democracy in the region of election monitoring in the West Bank community ofdemocratic societies. . .. We is complete. and Gaza. lt also prov ided advice on affirm our commitment to preserve and The Carter Center's Latin A merican elections in Africa and Asia, including srrengthen our democratic systems for the and Caribbean Program (LACP) has China, projects now administered by the benefic of all people of the hemi.~phere." played a significant role in these and Center's Demorcracy Program. ln Decem - Summtt of the Americas Declaration, other countries through the Council of ber 1997, the Council observed general signed hy 34 Jemocratic heads of Freely Elected Heach. of Government. elections in Jamaica where past political g~lvcmment, December 1994 Members include current and former contests have been deadly. Officials there presidents and prime ministers from the credit the Council's presence with stem ilitary dictators ruled Panama, Western Hemisphere who have pioneered ming the violence, making the elections C hile, Paraguay, and Haiti, and election observation and mediation. the most peacefu l in 30 years. (See Page 20 M elections in Guyana, the Together, the Council and the LACP for more on the Jamaican elections.) Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and work to strengthen democracy, resolve In A pril 1997, the LACP convened Mexico were viewed widely as rigged a conflicts, and promote economic coopera a major consultation on hemispheric dozen years ago. Today, political reforms tion. affairs, including such issues as free trade, have sent the military back to the barracks Their successfu l techniques have drugs, and poverty alleviation. O ne and brought about the fair, credible election spread to other regions. LACP staff played important Council recommendation was of new leaders. With the exception of Cuba, an active role in 1996 in the organization The Council of Freely Elected Heads of Government The Council of Freely Elected Heads of Government comprise~ current and former heads of state from the We:.tem Hemisphere who promote democmcy, conflict resolution, and economic cooperation throughout the region. MemN!rs mclude: Jimmy Carter, Former Prestdent of the U.S., Council Chair Fernando Belaunde Terry, Former President of Peru George Price, Former President of Belize,Vice C hair Belisario Betancur, Former President of Colombia Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela Rodrigo Carazo, Former President of Costa Rica Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of BraZil Vinicio Cerezo, Former President of Guatemala Leonel Fernandez Reyna, President of the Dominican Republtc Joseph Clark, Former Prime Mmister of Canada Jamil Mahuad Witt, President of Ecuador John Compton, Former Prime Minister of St. Lucia Carlos Saw Menem, President of Argentina Gerald Ford, Former President of the United States P.J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica Osvaldo Hurtado, Former Prestdent of Ecuador Ernesto Perez Balladares, Pre..~ident of Panama Luis Alberto Lacalle, Former Pre~ident of Uruguay Arthur Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago Alfonso LOpez Michelsen, Former Prestdent of Colombia Julio Mana Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay Carlos Andres Perez, Former Prestdent of Venezuela Raul Alfonsln, Former Prestdent of Argentina Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, Former President of Bohvia Nicholas Ardito,Barletta, Former President of Panama Erskine Sandiford, Former Prime Minister of Barbados Oscar Arias Sanchez, Former President of Costa Rica Edward Seaga, Former Prime Mimster of Jamaica Jean,Bertrand Aristide, Former President of Haiti Pierre Trudeau, Former Prime Minister of Canada Patricio Aylwin Az6car, Former President of Chile Juan Carlos Wasmosy, Former President of Paraguay CAR TER CEN TER ANNUAL REP OR T the call for a two-year moratorium on acquiring advanced weapons. As a result, 26 Rosalynn Carter heads of state signed a statement during the greets ]ami! Mahuad Witt, the presUlenc of next year adopting that stance. To further Ecuador, at a Latin advance the idea of conventional arms American and restraint of high-tech weapons, The Carter Caribbean Program Center held a workshop just one month conference at. The before the Aprill998 Summit of the Carter Center. Americas in Santiago, Chile. Results of an Carter Center Aprill6, 1998, poll conducted by The Wall initiatives help Street]ournal shows support for the restraint: strengthen govern ment institutions and 69 percent of Latin Americans and 85 civil society organiza percent of Americans "are against the sale tions that seek co of high-tech weapons to Latin American eliminate corruption. countries." The Council also recommended that the LACP develop a new project to fight corruption that threatens democratic institutions in the region. In September 1998, the LACP and Council launched a new project on graduate study at Emory and a five-year Jamaica stepped forward to invite the "Transparency for Growth in the Ameri series of Carter Center conferences to help LACP to partner with them in promoting cas," funded by a gift from The Coca-Cola enhance trade and U.S.-Larin American rransparency. Carter Center initiatives Company to The Carter Center and Emory relations. The first conference, in May 1999, help strengthen government institutions University. The funding supports scholar wiU focus on corruption. and civil society organizations that seek to ships to Latin American students for Leaders from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and eliminate corruption. /1/l Nurturing Children and Preserving Families "TAP's 4fom him? hwlt interf>ersonal xperience is often the best age pregnancy, substance abuse, anJ relattomhlf>s and cn-ganizarwnal connectwns teacher. In the case of The children dropping out of school. During in Atlanw nerghhorhoud.\ char did not exist EAtlanta Project (TAP), the the first five years, much was accom before We can ~ee changes m rhe u ay program is applying the lessons it has plished. For example, three new non re.srd...'Tits solve prohlem~ and in the way learned to nurture children and preserve profit organizations were created with corporations and och.::r s~o"rt·ic.:: provulers JOin families who live in unJerserved neigh TAP support: Columbia Connections and them w help . In numy twys, UJe are ju.H borhoods. The Family Tree grew out of neighbor he~nning . " Founded by The Carter Center in hood projects and currently provide - Jtmmy C.trrcr 1991, TAP has worked with neighbor family resource services. The third, hood residents on various issues: housing, Community Housing Resource Center, health, education, unemployment, teen- (continued on next page) CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPOR T continues TAP's work in support of affordable housing. TAP also worked with a host of collaborators to create the America's Youth Passport booklet for parents to record health and other vital information about their children. And it coordinated the largest immunization campaign in America's history in which 16,000 preschool children were vacci nated or had their immunization records updated in just one week. In 1996, TAP began a new three-year phase focused on issues that touch the well-being of children and families. It now concentrates on goals in four areas: After-School Programs. These programs have been shown to reduce juvenile offenses and teen pregnancy rates. TAP has increased the number of Southside Healthcare arul other partners kicked off TAP's child health/immunization initiative after-school programs in middle schools at Gresham Park Elementary School in DeKalb County, Ga. The fair offered preventive and involved more students, particularly health screenings, immunizations far children, entertainment, arul information booths at-risk youth, in school-based activities. covering several health copies. Parents, school systems, juvenile justice officials, and others help plan and implement these programs. As a result, churches and community organizations such as training, child care assistance, 16 Atlanta middle schools have new or create new child care programs, assists and transportation. By spring 1998, UPS enhanced programs, and more are these and existing providers in obtaining had hired nearly 300 former welfare planned. funding for more pre-K classes, and aids recipients in full- and parr-time jobs. Child Health/lmmuni zatio~ . Even with training and technical assistance to One year earlier, TAP won the Atlanta though immunization rates within the increase the quality of care and success of Regional Commission's Golden Glasses TAP area have improved, most children the new programs. Twenty-one new pre-K Award for its role in the Welfare-to do not receive regular health care. TAP classes opened in 1997-98 as a result. Work Coalition. The Georgia Division has built partnerships between health Welfare-to-Work. Recent laws of Family and Children Services, the care providers and elementary schools to require more public assistance recipients Georgia Department of Labor, and ensure that more children are fully to obtain jobs. TAP responded by private- and public-sector employers in immunized at a young age. Health care matching residents' needs fo r employ Atlanta are members of the Commis professionals now provide clinical, ment and training with employers' needs sion. vaccination, and preventive services for fo r workers. Information obtained from TAP continues to forge partner students and their preschool siblings in focus groups and meetings with welfare ships among residents, service providers, four elementary schools. Six additional clients, former clients, and employers is corporations, local and state government partnerships are being developed. now used to identify potencial changes in agencies, universities, and others to Pre-Kindergarten Classes. Early Georgia's welfare reform effort. develop new models for community childhood programs are essential to ln the process, TAP fo rmalized capacity building. Its mission remains getting children ready for school and life, commitments from UPS and 44 other the same: to help people acquire the but programs in TAP neighborhoods are private- and public-sector employers to skills and resources they need to improve limited. The Atlanta Project helps provide job openin gs and support services their Lives and neighborhoods. /J? C ARTER C ENTER ANN U AL REP O RT From Welfare Rolls to Payrolls "We're not srmJ1lv cndmg u elfure as u:c knou It \Vc'r helpmg fl< pie reclarm thcrr mdepen, dence and make h ne hundred leader:; from business, government, non, 0 profit groups, and research organizations met at The Carter Center in March J 998 to srraregize about preparing more we lfare recipients for the work force. Sponsored by the Center's America Project, the conference addressed training and hiring of welfare recipients and barriers to employment, including child care and transportation. Participants also shared success stories and lessons to help guide future pros,'fams. The leaders mittated a series of "Prom1smg Prac.uces" conferences, addressmg fam1ly, and commumry,related 1ssues. The second conference in rhe series, Susan MiUer, a former welfare cbent with three children, began workmg part time with UPS in held m August, looked at mnovat1ve 1996. UPS IS a partner with The Atlanta Project and The America ProJect in their welfare'to' partnership~ and programs to provide after, work efforts. school activities for youth. Participants learned from vanous speakers representing mry-building efforts of The Atlanta Amenca's Commumt1es," has aired on 56 the husaness community and religious Project and other Initiatives nationwide. public television ~rations across rhe organizations, and from researchers, youth Addmonally, rhe program dtsseminates c.:ountry. serv1cc workers, youth entrepreneurs, and commumry-buildmg mformation through The Amcnca Project also holds rhe mayor of Ind1anapohs. Two subsequent publications and videos, and by hostmg regional forums and national teleconfer conferences m the series will address early delegattons from rhe United States and ences and audioconferences for the childhood education and child health and abroad. This year, rhe program welcomed Atlanta commumry. Toptcs addressed well,bemg. leaders from Canada, England, rhe have included teen pregrtancy, welfare Through s1m ilar conferences, The European Commission, and Japan. Its reform, race relattons, urban sprawl, and Amenca Project highlights rhe commu- award-winning video, "Rebuilding school,age care. 1/ii CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT ~ /)o;;o;'.\' . lo . 7Jr· (/rti'/('/' (;~·;;/r'l' The Carter Center appreciates the support of Its many donors. Although we are able to lLSt on ly those g1fts which totaled $1,000 or more during the fiscal year, we are truly grateful for each gift, in whatever amount, which helps to support the viral work of The Carter Center. Every effort Anonymous AFLACjnpan has been made for accuracy. Should there be any omission, we apologtze Amencan Home Produces Corpomuon and ask that it be brought to our anennon. Mr. W. Rnndy Abney BeiiSouth Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Gaby AJram Mr. Ben Alex:mder Mr. Arthur M. Blank Ms. Sheelah R. Johnson Mr. Ronald W. Burkle Mr. H. Inman Allen Ms. Susan Johnson Ms. Diane I. Amos Callaway Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Harold Kapelovitz Camegae Corporataon of New York Mr. Malcolm Anderson Mrs. Charlotte Kiroelman Mr. Davad L Angell and 1am my Carter and Rosalynn Caner Amb. Henry L Kimel man The Annie E. Casey Foundaoon Ms. Lynn E. A~ell Anonymous (5) Mrs. Sylvaa S. Kirkman and Ms. Judath Arango The Coca-Cola Company Mr. and Mrs. Holyoke P. Adams Ms. Jo Anne Kirkman Cox lntei'C!!I:l> Mr. Frcderack H. Arend Mr. and Mrs. D.C. Anderson The Hon. and Mrs. Phthp M. Klutzmck Arnhold FounJauon Mrs. Dommique de Men aI Mrs. Cecile Archibald Mr. and Mrs. Bill Knowles Mr. and Mrs. Michael G. DeGroote Mr. nnd Mrs. ju:.tin Arnold Mr. and Mrs. Anthony B. Baker Mr. and Mrs. Myron Kownacka Dr. and Mrs. Danae! Aw.nn The Delta Aar Lmes Foundataon Mrs. Mary Balfour M~. Georgaa E. Koyl Government of Denmark Mr. nnd Mrs. James H. Avenll Mrs. Cec il~:~ T. Bnnubki Mr. Elmer C. Kreisel Jr. Dr. nnd Mrs. Emerson M. Babb E. I. du Pont de Nemour.. & Company Ms. Htldegard~ Bartkow;ka Ms. Kathanne P. Lanctot The Ford Foundauon Mr. and Mrs. jack L Bacon Ms. Martha H. Beach Mr. and Mrs. J.B. Laseter M~. Mary Bmrd The Hon. Jane Hannan and Mr. Rachard S. Beebe Mr. Earl A. Lash Dr. Sadney Harman Mr. nnd Mrs. Jay G. Baader Mr. nnd Mrs. Robert F. Bigham Mr. Albert Leyva Mr. and Mrs. Gordon H. Bald Mr. and Mr... Christopher B. Hemmeter Ms. Amy R. Bo.cov Mrs. Mary E. Lord The Wilham and Flora Hewlett Mr. nnd Mrs. J. Gregory BallcnMc Kenneili E. Brace, Esq. Ms. Alice F. Mason Mr. Joe T. Bamberg Foundauon The Rev. Dr. Forrest Andrew and Mrs. CamiUe E. McKee Conrad N. Hilton Fountbuon Dr. Davad 0. Bankole Virgania Carhartt Mrs. Annie Dix Meiers Mr. and Mr... W. Frank Barron Jr. The Home Depot Mr. and Mrs. J. Chris Brown Mr. and Mrs. Neilson Marshall IBM CorporatiOn Mr. Wtlham C. Bartholomay Dr. Ricky Brown Ms. Rosalyn M. Mervis Mr. and Mrs. L. Warren Batts lmcr·Amcrican Development Bank Mr. James C. Calaway Mr. Robert Messersmith ITOCHU Corporation Mr. Steve Baughman and Mr. Floyd Walliam Carter Mn.. Mildred A. Mitchell Ms. Rebecca R. McGowan Government of japan Jimmy and Rosa lynn Carter The Rev. L. Kailierine Moore The Robcn Wood Jolu1son Foundation Ms. Roxanne W. Beardsley Mr. Michael K. Casey Mr. and Mrs. John J. Moores Sr. Dr. and Mrs. Seili Bekoe The Thomas M. Kirbo anti Irene B. Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Choiken Mrs. Muriel M. Mullenbach Kirbo Charitable Trw.t Mr. Frederick B. Bierer Mr. and Mrs. Donald B. Chalker Mr. Lee A. Nascimento Mr. and Mr... Waddell A. Bigg:m II Mrs. Joan B. Kroc Dr. Jessalync L. Charles Mrs. Linda Nascimento Uons Clu bs Imernauonal Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Robert D. Ballinger Jr. Mrs. Lois Clark Dr. nnd Mrs. Daniel E. Nathan Mr. John H. Blacklidge and The John D. and C uherine T. Mr. Mark B. Cohen and Mr. and Mrs. Bruce L. Newman MacArthur Foundation Dr. Virgmaa Y. Blackltdgc Ms. She ala M. Fyfe Mrs. Lallian B. Nacolson Mo. Amy R. Bo:.cov Mr. nnd Mrs. Henry K. McConnon Mr. Arthur W. Ulmbs Mr. and Mrs. Ralph H. Nicolson Merck&Co. Mr. and Mrs. Rachard C. Bos Ms. Margaret Taylor Crandall Mr. and Mrs. Walter T. Nyberg Mr. and Mr... Cabell Brand Mr. nnd Mrs. John J. Moores Sr. Mrs. Margaret S. Crawford Mr. and Mrs. john W. Ogletree The Charles Stewart Mon Foundariun Ms. Rebecca S. Brmkley Mr. and Mr.. Wilham B. Crowley Mr. and Mrs. Randy G. Paul M;. Nancy Bnc Government of the NetherlanJ.<. Mrs. Ann Baker Curnc Mr. Angus Part The Nappon Foundataon Mr. Charles Kent Brodae Dr. and Mrs. Paul Cutler Mr. and Mrs. john M. Pope Mr. and Mr... Reade Brower Go,·cmmcnr of Norway Mr. James F. Dalton Mr... Melba Rice Prccisaon Fabncs Group Mr. nnd Mr... Charll!l> H. Brown M•. Adalyn Dava; Mr. C!cil L Russell Lt. Col. Wallmm T. Brmomc and His MaJesty Sultan Qaboo. ban S.uJ AI Mr. Bernard S. Dcrow Mr. and Mrs. james Sallen SaadofOman Dr. Evelyn W. Browne Mr. and Mrs. Jon A. de Yo. Mr. and Mrs. Russell G. Samer M;. Margaret C. Buck Raver Blmdne..s Foundauon Mr. Machael R. Edmonds M>. Vikki A. Schick The Rockefeller Foundauon Mr. and Mr... Wall tam J. Buggjr. Mr. Wilham D.M. Elfnnk Mr. and Mrs. Robert Shellenbarger Mr. Mark). Buhler The 0. Wayne Rollaru. Foundauon Mr. Kurt E. FindeiSCII Ms. MarJOne F. Shipe The Kingdom ofSauda Arabaa Mr. and Mrs. John P. Buae Mr. Guy Formachella The Hon. Wilham B. Schwam Jr. Mr. Bruce Burg Walter H. and Phrlhsj. Shorenstem Ms. L.ouase Fraley M:,. Ruth Singleterry Foundataon Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Bttrton Mrs. Virgmaa L. Gcllrge Mr. and Mr... Brent L. Slay Mr. nnd Mrs. john Bu~h Mrs. Deen Day Smath Mr. and Mrs. Darwm Gervaas M:,. DorC CARTER CENTE R ANNUAL REP ORT Mr. and Mr... Bruce C. Cob Ms. Anne Cat:hcart Hall Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Leonanl Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jennmgs Osborne Mr. T~rry Colltn< nml Ms. Rarbara Colh n~ Mr. and Mrs. Donald Hall Dr. Lorte Leschly Ms. Barbara Otttnger Mr. Davtd L Collms Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Halllll Mr. Charles E. Lem; Jr. Ms. Ruth PaddiSOn Or.. Camt!lc and Ball Q..,by Mr. and Mrs. Claus M. H;lllc Mr. Dalton N. Lewey Ms. Diana). Park Mr. and Mr... Donald H. C>wan Mr. Gen"' G. Hamilton Ms. Chnmne Lewis Mr. Joseph W. Park.er Mrs Mat;r.~n:t S. Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Herman H. Hamil run Ms. Eleanor N. Lewts Mr. and Mrs. W. Stephen Parker Mr. and Mrs. jen:my Croflgnn Dr. and Mr... John B. Hardman Mr. and Mrs. Kwl)k-Leung La Mr. and Mrs. Tho!Tiil5j. Parry Mr WulrcrCron.karc Mrs. LG. Hardman Jr. Mr. Wilberr Lick Mr. David Pascoe Col and Mrli Luuh C C'ruuch Mr. and Mrs. Lam llardman Mr. and Mrs. Kun Ltmbnch Mr. and Mrs. Mike Peaden Mr W.trrcn L. Culpepper Mr. and Mrs. 1. Mark ll.mm~:t"n Mr. Eugene M. Lmk and Dr. Deborah S. Lee and Dr. Janet A Cunnmgham M5. Patrtcta 0. Harnngton Ms. Anne Mune Haroch Mr. John W. Pcafer Mr... IIden 5. Curry Ms. Helen ],tCllhl Harns Ms. Vera G. List Mr. and Mrs. Godfrey Perron Mr. B. Scott Ctt\tcr Jr. Ms. Ellen W. Harrrn.;,m Ms. Wilma H. Logan Mr )t>hn T. Petet'50n and Mr. Barry I!. Cu...rcr Mr. .md Mrs. William L. Ha:.ktn.' Ms. Georgta Lon~on Ms. Mary Vander Matcn Rear Adm . .md Mrs. Ben S. Cu,ter Mr . •md Mrs. Charles I htchcr Jr. Mr. Srcvcn M. Lovmger Mr. ;md Mrs. John R. Philhp:. Mr. Phallarrc [);mtl·l Mr. and Mrs. George M. Hecht M,. Juhe A. Low Mr. O.C. Pickard M>. Al"c K. L'>av" M,. Eh:aJ,crh A. Hl.-ddcn> and Mr. Hugh Lowrey and Ms. Mary Orr Mr. Dan Bunimer and Ms. Ruth F. lf.tvt> Mr. Peter Schanr: Mr. and Ml'>. Net! Joseph Lucey Dr. Eh:abeth Plunkert- Bummer Mr. Bruce Gunter and M,, K.trhk'Cn l)a~ Dr. and Ml'>. Boo llcfhn Mr. and Mr.< John R. Luongo Mr. Allen A. PO CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT ~/Jo;;o;'. \ ' . lo . 7/;t· (/tr;•!r'l' 0~·;;/r'l' Mr. and Mrs. Murali Sivarajan Mr. Robert G. Edge Mr. Milford Skog $25,000 to $99,999 Mr. and Mrs. john Folsom Mr. Morris Slingluff Anonymous Ford Motor Company·Atlunta Mr. Adam Smith $100,000 or more AMVESCAP Garu1ctt Foundation Ms. Cherida C. Smith Anonymous Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Arango Mn.. Virginia L. George Mr. and Mrs. Chesterfield Smith American Home Products Corporation Archer DJniels Midland Foundntion Or. and Mrs. Stephen L. Graham Ms. Kimberly A. Smith TI1e l-Ion. and Mrs. Walter H. Mrs. Elmer Baker G re:~t Garsby's Auction Gallery Mr. and Mrs. Layton F. Smith Annenberg BellSouth Corpomtion Margaret E. Haru. Fund Mr. Richard M. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Ashcroft CAP Charitable Foundation Dr. and Mrs. john B. Hardman Mr. and Mrs. Stephen R. Smith Ciry of Atlanta CNN Ms. Laura M. Hardy Ms. Margaret J. Spencer and Mr. Arthur M. Blank The Dai-lchi Kangyo Bank Ms. Ellen W. Hart111an Ms. Pat Lahti Mr. Richard C. Blum and the l-Ion. Delta Air Lines Mr. C. LaVerne Harrvagson Mr. Billy L. Spruell and Dianne Feinstein Estate of L1mar Dodd Ms. Joan E. Hayes Ms. Barbara H. Aiken Mr. and Mrs. HowardS. Brcmbeck Evergreen International Aviation Ms. Victoria L. Hcim Mr. and Mrs. James N. Stanard Mr. Ronald W. Burkle Mr. and Mrs. Keru1eth Felder Dr. ttnd Mn.. Francis C. Hertzog Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John R. Stanish Government of Canada Ford Mo[Or Company Ms. Regina R. Hewitt Mr. Thomas 0. Stanley Carnegie Corporation of New York Georgia Power Foundatton Mr. and Mrs. Philap J. Hickey Jr. Mr. Ted Stefanik and Ms. Diana L. Gill Ji rnmy Carter and Rosa lynn Carter Government of Germany Mr. and Mrs. James D. Hicr Ms. Wilhelmina M. Stemmer The Annie E. Casey Foundation Mr. Rick Meeker Hayman Ms. Katl1lcen Hock Dr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Stephenson Mr. and Mrs. Charles Clark The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Mr. Robert M. I !older Jr. Mr. Frank Stiehel The Coca-Cola Company Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. jones Holder Construcuon Company Mr. Robert D. Stillman Cox Interests King & Spalding Dr. and Mrs. jerry W. Howington Mr. N. Stewart Stone The Delta Air Lines Fmmdation Kuwait Fund for Arab Economac Mr. and Mrs. john C. Hughes Mr. and Mrs. Wally Stover Government of .Denmark Development Mr. and Mrs. Barry E. Isert Mr. and Mrs. Daniel W. Stroock Government of Finland Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Leonard Jr. Dr. Henry G. Jarecki Mr. and Mrs. Maynard F. Stukey The l-Ion. Jane Harman and Murual of America Mrs. Lady Bard johnson Mr. and Mrs. William C. Stun Or. Sidney Harman The OPEC Fund for lnternationDl Mr. William E. Johnson Dr. lla Sukhadia William Randolph Hearst FoundatiOn Development The Fletcher Jones Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Ronald A. Swanson Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Ms. Chrisnna Lyn Cooley Ravers Mr. Louis Katsiknns Dr. and Mrs. Zia E. Taheri The Home Depot Mrs. D~-en Day Smith Mr. and Mrs. Wyck Knox Mr. Tom Tanenbaum rBM Corporation Southern Company Services The Kroger Company Mr. Mark E. Taylor lntern:ltlonal Foundation for Election Sprint Foundation Law Companies Group Ms. Nancy J. Taylor ~Systems Mr. and Mrs. John P. Squares Mr. Albert Leyva Lei ia L. Teague Trust ITOCI-IU Corporation T.L.L. Temple Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Kwok-Lcung Li Mr. John M.P. Thatcher Jr. Government of japan John Templeton Foundauon Ms. Diane M. Loucks Mr. Mtke P. Thayer The Thomas M. Kirbo and Irene B. 'rull Chantable Foundation Government of Luxembourg Professor Homer L. Thomas Kirbo Chantable Trust The Wachovia Fountlation The LWH Family Foum.lauon Mr. and Mn.. Thomas E. Tietz The A.G. Leventis Foundation Dr. Jose(Jh N. Wibon and Ms. Merry E. Maiana Mr. and Mrs. Edward 0. Tilford Lions Clubs International Foundation Dr. Selma Wilson The Manocherian Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Clayron M. Timmons Mrs. Beverly B. Long Mr. and Mrs. Gary Winnick M>arathon Orl Company Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Topolsky The john D. and Catherine T. Yo:.hida Scholan.hip Foundation Ms. Susie W. Margolin The Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Gordon M. MacArthur Foundation Ms. Marilyn R. Marks Torgersen Mr. and Mrs. Henry K. McConnon The lion. and Mrs. Ray Marsha ll Ms. Dorset Townley Merck&Co. $5,000 to $24,999 Dr. Barbara Ellen McAlpine Mr. Charles I. Tramer Mr. and Mrs. John J. Moores Sr. Anonymous ( 4) Mr. and Mr... Theodore I. McDanacl Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Trillich NauonsBank South AAA Auto Club South Mr. :md Mrs. Alonzo L. McDonald Jr. Mr. and Mrs. LeRoy S. Troyer Mr. Kent C. Nelson and Ms. Ann Starr Mr. and Mrs. Keru1eth J. Abdalla Meridian Beverage Company Mr. James R. Uber Government of the Netherlands Sen. 1-lajimc Akiyama MethodiSt Hospital, of Dallo~ Or. judith Elaine Wade The Nippon Foundation Albers & Company Th.e Ruth and Peter Merz Fmnaly Mrs. Marcia D. Walden No Peace Without justice lnrernanonal Mr. Davad L. Angell and Ms. Lynn E. Foundation Ms. Linda L. Walters and Open Soctery Institute Angell M rcrosoft Corporation Mr. jud Wambold Precision Fabrics Group Anheuser-Busch C'..ompanaes Mr. and Mrs. james T. Malls Mr. and Mrs. Friedrich Wald1er The Prudential Foundation The Asia Foundation Mrs. Kenneth F. Montgomery Mrs. Helen E. Warmer State of Qatar Mr. and Mn.. Jack L. Bacon Mr. Samuel Moore Ms. Rud1 Wamck The Rockefeller Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Gordon H. Bald Mr. and Mrs. Arnold Mullen Dr. and Mrs. J. Oix Wayman The 0. Wayne Rollins Foundanon Baptist Communary Mmistries Nataomal ChrtSttan Charitable Mr. and Mrs. George T. Wein Shell Oil Company Fountlation &1ylor Health Otre System Foundauon Mr. and Mrs. james L. Wells Walter H. and Phylli ~J. Shorenstein Mr. Machael S. Berman and National Service Foundation Ms. WillyWerby Foundation Dr. Carol P. Berman Mr. Frank H. Nee! Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Werner Jr. SmithKlme Beecham Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Roberr F. Bagham Ms. joanne Woodward and Mr. Paul Ms. Edith jean Werts SsangYong Business Group Ms. KrtSti D. Bradford Newm~an Mr. and Mrs. D. Michael Weston Mr. and Mrs. Theodore R. Stanley Mr. and Mrs. Reade Brower Newspaper Assocaatlon of America Mr. and Mrs. Per H. Wickstrom The Starr Foundation Dr. C. Hal Brunt Mr. and Mrs. Leon Novak Mr. and Mrs. John Wilkinson SunTrust Bank Mr. Stirruon Bull in N ovart i~ Pharrnaccutical.s Corporntion Mr. and Mrs. johnS. Willis Time Warner TI1e Capital Group Companr~ Ms. Kay D. O'Rourke Dr. joseph N. Wilson and Turner Foundataon Ccnrer for Mental Health Services Mr. Daniel L. O:.trander Or. Selma Wilson U.S. Agency for lnrernataonal Mr. and Mrs. Don::~ld B. Chalker Mr. and Mrs. Robert j. Parrucco Mr. and Mrs. Robert 0. Wilson Development Ms. Thelma I. Ch::~pm:m Mr. and Mr... Maury Radin Ms. Bertha B. Wrseman Government of the United Kingdom Chevron Corpomtion Mr. and Mrs. Gary W. Rollins Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Wolfe The UPS Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Fmncll> P. Chiaramonte Mr. and Mrs. Phil Roman Mr. and Mrs. j. Allen Woodward Mr. and Mrs. Lew R. W CARTER CENTER ANNUA L REPORT Se.:untt..'C Curromnun Mr. 'tevc Baughman and Mr. Tho!Il3.'i D. Cleland Mr . .md Mn. Wtlliam Fergu:.on Shclftcld Harrold Chantable Tru~t Ms. Rebecca R. McGowan Mr. and Mn. Rrchanl A. Clewett Dr. and Ml'\. Richanl D. Finucane Mr. Stanley K. Shcmbaum Ms. Nancy A. Bt.'Cker Coca-Cola Entcrprue. Dr. Rohcrt A. FLSh Mr.. Gatl W. Shcp-.1nl Mr. and Ml"\. Charles E. Belcher Coca-Cola USA Opcranon:. Mr. and Mr.. Stephen S. Aaum Mr. Joseph A Shepard The lion. and Mr.\. Gnffin B. Bell Mr. and Ml'\. )arne; R. Q>C.hrnn Dr. ami Mrs. Weldon C. Amr Mr. l.a\\Tencc E. Stlvcrton Bendb Mar1il$:emenr Forum & CxJ"l> Mr. Davtd H. Cofrin ;md Mr. und Mn. Rtchard Aood The Stmmon.' Famtly Found.ltlon Dr. and Mr11. Rubert A. Acren11m M.. Ch~tine Tryba-C..>fnn Mr. A.L Florence M~ Janet E. Smtrh .md Mr. Juhn H. Mr. and Ml'\. Dun Berg Mr Lynn R. Coleman Ms. C.mll Tucker Foreman Co.tello Ill Mrs. David Berger Mr. and Mn. Bruce C. C.olcs Ms. Lmda C. Fmnk The Smith·Free Gmup Dr. and Mr11. Robert D. BtllmR CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Mr. and Mrs. William R. Henn Mr. and Mrs. Robert Layman Col. Mclendon G. Morris, USMC (Ret.) Mr. and Mrs. Wilham Revelle Dr. and Mrs. Carlton T. Hicks Mr. and Mrs. Paul F. I.e Fort The Hon. Alfred H. Moses Mr. and Mrs. Howard 0. Reynolds Mr. B. Harvey Hill Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Arden 0. Lea Ms. Kathleen A. Moskal Mr. and Mrs. Davit! A. Richardson Ms. Sara S. Hinckley Mr. Dale W. Lei bach and Ms. Kathleen Mr. and Mrs. David A. Mount Mrs. Nelson N. Rtddle Mr. and Mrs. Wayne E. Hochstetler Patterson Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth F. Mountcastle Mr. and Mrs. Rtchan.l K. Riess Ms. Sally Hock Mr. jay Leno Ms. Caryl B. Muehlstetn Ms. Michelle Riley Estate of Mildred Hoemgsberg Ms.DarcyJ.Lenzgnnden Mr. and Mrs. Albert Muisenga Ms. Wendte Rtordan Mr. and Mrs. James C. Holcomb Jr. Dr. Lotte Leschly Mrs. Muriel M. Mullenbach Dr. Jane Ann Robercs Mr. john L Holland Mr. James Lesperance Ms. Justtne S. Muller Ms. Karol K. Rodnguez Dr. joseph G. Hollowell Mr. Chorles E. lett:s Jr. Dr. and Mrs. RobertS. Munford lll Mr. and Mrs. Victor Roepke Ms. Gale Matheson Holmes Mr. Dalton N. Lewey Mrs. Fred E. Murphy Jr. Mr. Rod Roquemore Dr. Janet Horenstein Ms. Eleanor N. Lewis Mr. Larry Murphy Mrs. Andrew Rose Ms. Sue House Mr. and Mr1.. Kurt Limbach M~. Gale Murray Mr. Harold Rosen Household International Lindell Charitable Trust Mr. Richard L. Nelson Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Ross Mr. Donald H. Hubbs Mr. Eugene M. Lmk and Ms. Anne Mane Mr. S. Craa.g Nelson Mr. and Mrs. Alexaru.ler N. Rudeltc Mr. John Huffstetler Sr. and Harsch Ms. Lynn Nesbtr Mrs. Leona Russell Ms. Marylew B. Potts Mr. and Mrs. R. Robert Linowes Mr. and Mrs. Werner Neuman Dr. George Rust and Dr. Cindy T. Rust Mr. Mtke Hurley Ms. Wilma H. logan The New Yorker Mr. and Mrs. Mark W. Safranek Mr. nnd Mrs. Alan Husak Mr. and Mrs. Geollle Lohrer Mr. and Mrs. Joe Nicholson Ms. Anne E. Sagd)Crg Mrs. Opal S. Huskey Ms. Georgia Longsdon Mli. Pamela K. Nolen Ms. Virginia D. Samplawski Mr. Joe Hutdunson Mr. Hugh Lowrey and Ms. Mary Orr The Hon. and Mrs. Sam Nunn Mr. Peter S. P. Sanborn Dr. and Mrs. Wallace N. Hyde Mr. and Mrs. Neil joseph Lucey Ms. Roste O'Donnell Mr. Myron L Sandbel.lland Mr. and Mrs. ]ames N. lckcn Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Lukasiewtcz Mr. Paul M. O'Gara Dr. Marva J. Dawn-Sandberg Mr. Jeff Uland Mr. and Mrs. john R. Luongo Mr. George W. O'Quinn Mr. and Mrs. Edward Sanders The Hon. G. Conley lngram Mr. and Mrs. Theodore C. Lun Ms. Annelt Obeman Mr. Daniel J. Sandm and Adm. Bobby R. Inman Ms. Joanne Lyman Mr. and Mrs. John W. Ogletree Ms. Mary L. Rasmu;scn International Umon, UAW Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Lynch Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John F. Oltnro Sara Lee Corporatton Mr. George lnverso Mr. Joseph P. Lyons M!i. Deborah R. Olson Mr. and Mrs. Russell G. Samer Ms. Ellin M. lrwm Ms. Anne Mane Macan Ms. Jennte M. Olson Mr. Vidal Sassoon Dr. Terence and Ms. H.J.lsakov Mr. Fredenclc A. Macheraru Mr. and Mrs. Kent Oot:s Mr. and Mrs. Myrl Sauder Ms. Diane S. jacqmm Ms. Nancy Former Mack Ms. Euntce B. Ordman Ms. M31')orte Sauers Ms. Lee A. Jarrell Mr. and Mrs. David MacMurdo Mr. D1ego Orlanski Mr. Thomas R. Saunders Mr. Bill Jessee Mr. Bryan F. MacPherson and Ms. Pamela Mr. and Mrs. Jennings Osborne Mr. Seymour H. Sch::m Mr. C. Cene Jester M. Van Hine Ms. Barbaro Ottinger Mr. and Mrs. Hans Schlesinger Ms. Marilyn Johnson Ms. Lucile H. Malone Ms. Ruth Paddison Mrs. Elizabeth B. Schley Ms. Phyllis Cady Johnson Mr. Cohn A. Man.hall and Ms. Maureen Mr. Peter K. Pak Mr. and Mrs. Lanny D. Schm1dt Dr. Warford B. Johnson A. Ultcny The Rev. Em1ly Morse Palmer M~. Margaret M. Schrader Johnstone Supply Ms. Chnstme C. Marrm Pamrltn Foundation Mr. William Schrader and Ms. Mrs. Berclme Jones The Hon. Anne C. Marundell Ms. Dtana J. Park Kathleen Duffy Mr. and Mrs. BotSfeu1llet Jones Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Massey Dr. Tae K. Park Mr. and Mrs. John G. Schrctber Mr. Hobarr jones and Ms. Cathennc Mr. and Mrs. William L. Masterton Mr. and Mrs. W. Stephen Parker Dr. and Mrs. Steven A. Schroeder Green Mr. Oscar G. Mayer Jr. Estate of Eltmbeth Parrash The William B. & Sonia Schwam Ms. Angela F. Jordan Mr. and Mr.. Bnan Mazar Mr. David Pru,coe Fund Mr. and Mrs. Zagloul Kadah Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Ma.."Urek Mr. JamCJ. PattiSOn Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Roben S. Scott Mr. Kotaro Kaneko Mr. Harry McAndrew Mr. and Mrs. Mike Peaden Mr. Stan Scott The Karma Foundation Mrs. Stuan McCa.rcy M~. •1e1en T. Pease Mr. and Mrs. Timothy H. Self Mr. Fred Kan and Ms. Linda Kous Kan Mr. Randall R. McCathrcn Dr. Deborah S. Lee and Debra and Bud Scrctean Mr. and Mrs. Dav1d E. Kelby Mr. and Mr... Rus.<.cll McCaughan Mr. John W. Peifer Mr. David A. Shafer Mr. and Mr1.. Peter G. Kelly Mr. and Mrs. Ronald McCurdy Pcrwun Books USA Mr. and Mrs. Gregory J. Sham Donald and Marilyn Keough Foundation L.S. McDowell Mr. and Mrs. Louis Pept Mr. and Mrs. Michael Shaw Tonsl Soo Kim Mr. and Mrs. Rtchard D. McFarland Mr. and Mrs. Godfrey Perrott Mr. and Mrs. Jtm Sheldon Mr. Jack H. Kunball Ms. Ann McGreevy Mr. Frank L Perry Ms. Carolyn J. Shtclds Mr Charles K1mbrough Mr. and Mrs. Thomas McGurk Mli. l..olte J. Peters Mr. and Mrs. Sudheer Shtrah Mr. Davtd Ktnsl Mr. and Mr... Hujth J. Mclellan Mr. E. Scott Peterson Mr. and Mrs. Mo= L. Shubert Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Kitchtn Mr. and Mr... Darryl R. Mclendon Mr. John T. Peterson and Ms. Mary Mrs. Margaret Shuler Mr. Jon Kluger Mr. and Mrs. MathtaS Meinzmger Vander Maren Ms. Elizabeth A. Shull and Mr. and Mrs. Howard L. Knaack Mr. and Mrs. 11\omas Melgar Pfizer Mr. Russ Haft Mr. Willimn C. Kohler Mr. and Mrs. George A. Menendez Mr. and Mrs. John R. Phillipl> Mrs. Thelma C. Silver Dr. and Mrs. GeofRe Kozmetsky Ms. Stephanc Mertens and Mr. D.C. Pickard Mr. and Mn.. William Silver Mr. and Mrs. Tam E. Kraft Ms. BarbaraJ. Frankltn Mr. and Mrs. G. Carl Ptckard Dr. Geddes Stmpson Mr. and Mrs. Cratg S. Krandcl Mr. and Mrs. Victor A. Mtlewski Piersol Foundation Mr. Joseph A. S1mla Mr. Steven Kremm and Mr. and Mrs. C. Davtd Maller The Rev. and Mrs. Walter N. Ptl!,'llm Mr. and Mrs. P. Joe Stsson Ms. Susan Corbett Mr. and Mrs. Carlton Mtller Pioneer Hi-Bred lntemational Mr. Morrt> Sltngluff Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Krughoff Mr. and Mrs. Donald L. Mtller Mr. Dan Bummer and Dr. Eltl:abeth Mr. Adam Smtrh Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence N. Kugelman Mr. and Mrs. Francis W. Mtller Plunkett·Buttimer Ms. Altcia W. S1ntth Ms. Christiana Leonard and Mr. and Mrs. Virg 1l L. Mtller Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Powell Jr. Ms. Cherida C. Smtth Dr. John M. Kuld::tu Mr. and Mrs. Clyde E. Mtllmgton Powell T.'lte Mr. and Mrs. Chesterfield Smith Mr. Leonard G. Kurzweil Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Mill1on Mr. Herbert K. Pun Mr. and Mrs. Doul'(l.t:. Smith Mr. and Mrs. E. T. Laird Mr. and Mrs. George P. Mitchell Mr. Ronald C. Rak Dr. and Mrs. James H. Smith Mr. Peter Lamm Mobil Foundation Mr. and Mrs. John Randle Mr. and Mrs. Layton F. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Davtd L Lammert Mr. and Mrs. John H. Mobley II Random House Mr. Louis C. Smith Ms. Mary Lamy Margaret G. Molarsky L989 Trust Mr. Darrel Raynor Mr. Paul A. Bartolomeo and Mr. and Mrs. Byron L. Landau Mr. and Mrs. Joe Montgomery Mr. Bcnme C. Reagan Ms. Ma!l,>arct P. Smtth Mr. and Mrs. Dirk Landis Ms. Judith Moore Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Rearden Jr. Mr. and Mrs. (}.;car M. Smith Lands' End Mr. Sergto R. Moreno RL-ebok lmcrnattonal Mr. Richard M. Smtth Dr. james T. Langland and Mr. and Mrs. Earl M. Moq,r.m Ms. Eleanor Regnery Mr. and Mrs. Stephen R. Smtth Dr. Penny I. Langland Mr. and Mrs. John P. Morgndge Mr. Dantel L Reiber Mr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Smoot Dr. Anne P. Lanier Mr. and Mrs. Hare Morris Dr. and Mrs. Charles C. Reu h Mr. George Snelltng Sr. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Mr. H~rry Sophodadc, Dr. Judath Elamc Wade Mr. Bally L Spruell .md M~. Margaret M WaW'er M~. Barb:1m H. Aaken Mrs. Marcaa D. Walden Mr. and Mrs. Robert V. Srachnak M,. Landa L. Walters CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT The Carter Center is gooemed by its board of trustees. Chaired by President Carter, with Mrs. Carter as ~ice chair, the board ooersees the Center's assets and property and promotes its objecti~es and goals. Members include: Jimmy Carter Johnnetta B. Cole, Ph.D. Sidney Harman, Ph.D. Joseph L. "Jody" Powell Jr. Chair Professor Chair of the Board and CEO C hair and CEO Emory University Harman international Powell Tnte Rosalynn Carter Industries Vice Chair Robert G. Edge Alice Rogoff Rubenstein Parmer Frank C. Jones Co-Founder and Terrence B. Adamson Alston & Bird Partner Managing Director Senior Vice President King & Spalding Rhodes Partners National Geographic Society Jane Fonda Actress, Producer, and The H on. James T. Laney Tadahiro "Tad" Yoshida Arthur M. Blank Entrepreneur Former U.S. Ambassador President, YKK Corporation President and CEO to South Korea and The Home Depot Claus M. Halle Chair, YKK Corporation, International Consultant John J. Moores U.S.A. Michael C. Carlos to The Coca-Cola Company Investor and President and CEO Chair, San Diego Padres Andrew Young National Distributing David A. Hamburg, Ph.D. Co-Chair Company President Emeritus Kent C. "Oz" Nelson GoodWorks International Carnegie Corporation of Rettred C hair and CEO William M. Chace, Ph.D. New York United Parcel Service Trustee Emeriti President of America Robert J. Lipshutz Emory University Li pshut:, Greenblatt & King CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT ~- - --~---- (,~ll'lt'l' ( ~~·;1/t 'l ' • J;w/ot• · . 7lt· 11[#' -- - John B. Hardman, M.D. ExecutitJe Dtrector Peace Programs Health Programs Directors and Fellows Directors and Fellows Gordon L. Streeb, Ph.D. Steven H. Hochman, Ph.D. Donald R. Hopkins, M.D . Gary R. Gunderson, M. Div. Amx:uuc Execuave DirectOT Dtrec[{)T of Research M.P.H. Dtrector Peace Programs and Faculty Assistant Associate ExecutitJe Dtrectar· Interfaith Health Program w President Carter Health Programs Jacqueline A. Anthony, Ph.D. Frank 0. Richards Jr., M.D. Dtrector c..,.'llthia R. Hooks Andrew N. Agle Tcchmcal Dmxtar The America Project Drrec[{)T Director of Operations Globa/2000 Educational Programs Global2000 Rit!er Blindness Program Harry G. Barnes Jr. Director Jennifer L. McCoy, Ph.D. Norman E. Borlaug, Ph.D. Ernesto Ruiz-1iben, Ph.D. Canfltct Re~olucion Program Dtrector Senior Consultant Technical Drrector and Chair, Human Rights Larin American and for Agriculture Globa/ 2000 Committee Caribbean Program Global 2000 Guinea Worm Eradication Harold J. Berman Ellen P. Mickiewicz, Ph.D. William H. Foege, M.D., James A. Zingeser, D.V.M., Fd./oo, Fellow M.P.H. M.P.H. Ru.man Law and Commission an Radio Senior Health Polu:y Fdlav.• )t..'TUar EpidemiokJgjst U . S . ·Rus.~itm Relations and Tek~ision Policy Globa/2000 Open Charles E. Costello Kenneth W. Stein, Ph.D. Dtrecwr Dtrecwr Fellnw Mental Health Program Democracy Program Middle East Studlt!., Do u~Ia~ G. G reenwell, Ph.D. Direcwr Tfu: Adanw Project Office of the Chair Operations Faye P. Dill Nancy R. Konigsmark Phillip J. Wise Jr. Carrie E. Harmon Executiw Assi.~tam w the Chair Directar of Scheduling Associate Execuave Director Dtrt!ctor of Pttblic Infarmnuun Operations; Board Secretary Madeline F. Edwards Melissa M. Montgomery Philip G. Ma::zara S~cial A.mstant Executit·e AssiStant Iris D. Frank Director of Institutional w Rosalmn Cam.'T Treasurer; Director of Frnance Del't!Ul/mlCTlt Kay T. Hamner Michael}. lrumer Drrector of Admrnisrratit•e Director of Human Resources Services CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Members include: The board of councilors seroes as a 'llital channel to opinion Dan Cathy leaders in Atlanta and Georgia in the areas of law, finance, Executive Vice President James Balloun education, business, gooernmcnt, and communications. The Chick-fil-A Chair, Board of Councilors board meets regularly to rC'IIiew and discuss Carter Center Chair, CEO, and President programs and initiatives. Thomas F. Chapman National Service Industries Chairman and CEO Equifax James R. Lientz William B. Turner Arthur M. Blank Vice Chair, Board of W.C. Bradley Company President and CEO Pin Pin Chau Councilors The Home Depot President and CEO President Erwin laban Summit National Bank NationsBank South National Service Industries Charles W. Brady Executive Chair Carol Cherry AMVESCAP President and Chair Life Members Limited-Term Members Shop'n Chek Ben W. Brannon Mrs. Philip H . Alston Jr. Leone Ackerly-Hinzman Trustee William A. Clement CEO Livingston Foundation Chair and CEO W. Frank Barron Jr. Mini Maid Service DOBBS RAM and Company Rome Coca-Cola Bottling Charles Brewer Company F. Duane Ackerman Chair and CEO Gaylord 0. Coan Chair, President, and CEO MindSpring Enterprises CEO and Chair of the President Jimmy Carter Be LI South Corporation Executive Committee Amanda Brown-Olmstead Gold Kist Rosalynn Carter H . Inman Allen Pres ident Chair and CEO A. Brown-Olmstead Bruce C. Coles John L. Clendenin Ivan Allen Company Associates Chair and CEO BellSouth Corporation LawGibb Group Ronald W. Allen Mary B. Bullock A. W. "Bill" Dahlberg President Michael Coles Southern Company Tricia Allen Agnes Scott College Thomas H. Coley J.B. Fuqua Gerald Allison Kenneth S. Canfield Chair and CEO The Fuqua Companies CEO Partner SouthT rust Bank of Georgia A ]C International Doffermyre, Shields, Canfield, T. Marshall Hahn Jr. Knowles & Devine JohnM.Cook Georgia- Pacific Corporation Mrs. John G. Alston Chair and CEO Michael C. Carlos Profit Recovery Group Robert M. Holder Jr. Ray C. Anderson Chair and CEO International The RMH G roup Chair National Distributing Interface Company Alston D. Correll Boisfeuillet Jones Chair and CEO Gregory T. Baranco James B. Carson Jr. Georgia-Pacific Corporation Donald R. Keough President President and CEO Allen & Company Baranco Automotive G roup Carter International Ann Cousins Robert J. Lipshutz Frank J. Belatti Amy Carter Ann Wilson Cramer Lipshutz, G reenblatt & King Chair and CEO Regional Manager AFC Enterprises Chip Carter Community Relations John W. Mcintyre and Public Affairs C&S Georgia Corporation Jean B. Bergmark Elizabeth Carter IBM Corporation William B. Schwartz Jr. J. Veronica Biggins Jack Carter Bradley N. Currey Jr. Partner President and C EO B. Franklin Skinner Heidrick & Struggles Jeff Carter Rock-Tenn Company BeiiSouth Telecommunications CAR T E R CENTER ANNUA L REPORT Elkin A. Cushman Shirley Clarke Franklin Philip J. Hickey Jr. Roger S. Kintzel Partner President and CEO Publisher Edward M. Davis A. Brown-Olmstead RARE Hospitality The Atlanta Journal- Prestdenr and CEO Assoctates International Comtitution NAC International J. Rex Fuqua B. Harvey Hill Jr. Joel M. Koblentz F. T. Davis Jr. Chair Alston & Bird Managmg Partner Parmer Fuqua Enterprises Egon Zehnder International Long, Aldridge & Norman R. Glenn Hilliard Luck F. Gambrell Chair and CEO James B. Langford Harold A. Dawson Jr. ING Financial Services Prcstdcnr coo Lawrence L. Gellerstedt III International The Coosawattee Foundatton Harold A. Dawson Company President and CEO American Business Products John R. Holder Paula Lawton-Bevington C. Burke Day Jr. Chair and CEO Chatr Prestd ent William L. Gibbs Holder Properties Servidyne Systems Burke Day & Assoetates Sentor Vice Prestdent Wachovia Bank of Georgia Janice I. Holyfield, M.D. Robert N. Lehrer Rene Diaz Profel>sor Emeritus President and CEO W. Reeder Glass L. Phillip Humann Gcorgta lnstttute of Diaz Foods Partner Chair, President, and CEO Technology Holland & Knight SunTrus t Bank David A . Dodd Liane Levetan President and CEO John T. Glover John P. Imlay Jr. CEO Solvay Pharmaceuticals President C hair DcKalb Board of Post Properties Imlay Investments Commissioners R oderick A. Dowling Managing Pa rtner Jonathan Golden M. Christine Jacobs Scott A. Livengood The Robinson-Humphrey Director C hair Prcsidt!nt and CEO Company Ltvmgston Foundation Theragemcs Corporation Knspy Kreme Doughnut Michael J. Eckert Nathaniel Goldston Ill T. Stephen Johnson Thomas J. Malott CEO CEO Prestdenr Prestdcnt and CEO Vtdco Networks Gourmet Servtces T. Stephen Johnson & Sicmcm Energy & Associates Automation Robert G. Edge Jack G uynn Partner Prestdent W. Thomas Johnson Marilyn R. Marks Alston & Bird Ft!deral Reser.·c Bank of Atlanta Chair and CEO Prc"dcnt and CEO Cable News Network Dorsey Traders Anna C. Ellis Robert P. Guyton Jr. Prestdent Founder Ingrid Saunders Jones James H. McClung Atlanta Cla~s t c.: Cars Monarch Capttal Partners Vice Prestdenr of Corpomte President External Affai r~ Lithonia Lighting Company Barbara Faga Robert R. Harlin The Coca-Cola Company Chair of the Board Chair and C hief Execuuve Robert F. McCullough EDAW Partner W. Hamilton Jordan Chtcf Financial Officer Powell, Goldstem, Fm:ter Co-Chair AMVESCAP David Farr & Murphy GoodWorks International MarketOne }arne F. McDonald William T. Harper Blaine Kelley Jr. Prestdenr and CEO H. Allen Franklin Chair Sctentific-Atlanta President H. L. "Herky" Harris The Urban Group Southern Company CEO C. Douglas Miller INVESCO Individual Services James P. Kelly President and CEO Chair and CEO Norrell Corporation Richard M. Hartman Umted Parcel Service of America Elizabeth A. Heddens CA RTE R CENTER ANNUA L REPO R T Robert Minkhorst Spurgeon Richardson Sean S. Smith Jackie M. Ward President & CEO President and C EO President President and CEO Philips Consumer Electronics Atlanta Convention and Coali tion America Computer Generation Visitors Bureau E.R. Mitchell W. Thomas Smith Jr. Helen Ballard Weeks President Herman J. Russell Vice President and General Chief Executive Officer E.R. Mitchell & Company Chair Manager BaLlard Design H.]. Russell & Company IBM Corporation Leo F. Mullin Livia Whisenhunt-Johnson President and CEO Thomas G. Sampson Shelton g. Stanfill Founder and CEO Delta Air Lines Managing Partner President PS Energy Group Thomas, Kennedy, Sampson Robert W. Woodruff Arts Kent C. "Oz" Nelson & Patterson Center Sam Williams Retired C hair and CEO President United Parcel Service R.K. Sehgal Cathey W. Steinberg Metropolitan Atlanta of America Vice Chair Partner C hamber of Commerce H.]. Russell & Company Ahead of the Curve Thomas E. Noonan Charles R. Wolf President and CEO S. Stephen Selig Ill Scott G. Stephenson President and C EO ISS Group Chair and President Vice President Wolf Camera and Video Selig Enterprises Boston Consulting Group Colleen N uno Robert R. Woodson Jerry Seneker Carolyn A. Stradley Dorothy B. Padgett Executive Vice President CEO Robert A. Yellowlees O ld Fashion Foods C & S Paving Chair and CEO Elizabeth Plunkett-Buttimer National Data Corporation Chair and CEO William Sharp Junichi "Jay" Takahashi Bowdon Manufacturing President President Company Sharp Advertising YKK Corportation of America Ex OHicio Members Mark C. Pope IV Jane Shivers Elizabeth S. "Betty" Talmadge Roy Barnes President Executive Vice President- Governor Geographies Director D. Gary Thompson State of Georgia Ketchum/ Atlanta President and CEO Robert J. Ratliff Wachovia Bank of Georgia Bill Campbell Chair and CEO Nicholas Shreiber Mayor AGCO Corporation President and CEO Tim C. Tuff City of Atlanta Tetra Pak Americas President and CEO Robert L. Rearden Jr. John H. Harland Co. William M. Chace Ph.D. Vice Chair Horace H. Sibley President Sedgwick James of Georgia Senior Parmer R.E. "Ted" Turner Emory University King & Spalding Vice Chair Roy Richards Time Warner Chair and CEO Paul Smith Southwire Company President Erik Vonk The Kroger Company CEO Randstad Staffing Services Scott S. Smith Vice President Coalition America CARTER CE NTER ANNUAL REPORT Financial Statements as of August 3 1, 1998 and 1997 Together With Auditors' Report Report of Independent Public Accountants To the Boord of Trustees ofTh~ Carter Center, Inc.: We have auditd the accompanymg ~ratements of financial posttion ofTI IE ('.ARTER CENTER, INC. (a Gcmgia nonprofit corpora tion) as of August 31, 1998 and 1997 and the related ~-ratements of ;-tCtivttie~ anJ ca!ih flows for the year:. then ended. These financial statements are the rcsporu;ibility of the management of The Carter Ccnt~r, Inc. Our n:,ponsibtlity b to expre.-.s an opinion on these fin, mcial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audtts in accordance with generally accepted auJuing sr;mJ ards. TI1osc standards rcqutrc that we plan and perform the audit to obtam reasonable assurance about whether the fin.mcial statements arc free of matenal misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and J i ~c k111ure5 in the financial :.tatcmcnrs. An audit also inclu~b a~sessmg the nccounttng principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well n~ evaluating the overall fmancial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a rcn.'>onable basb for our opinion. In our opmion, the financtal statement:; referred to alxl\"e present f.urly, m all matcnal respects, the financial position ofTI1e C'..arter Center, Inc. as of August 31, 1998 and 1997 and the r~ults of liS opermions and lis ca.~h flows for the YlWS then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Atlanta, Georgia Novemher 5, 1998 CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT August 31, 1998 and 1997 ASSETS 1998 1997 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, tndudtng n.:stncted ca..~h of$11,505,292 and $9,784,306 in 1998 and 1997, respectively $ 17.007,301 $ I I .868.785 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE: Related parties (Note 6) 183,388 229,498 Due from federal government 1.115,607 1,670,938 Other 146.507 92,428 1.445.502 1.992.864 PLEDGES RECEIVABLE (Note 3) 8.570.848 7.053.776 INVENTORY 4,691,543 5,116,451 ENDOWMENT INVESTMENTS 92,915,550 87,232,565 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, at cost or fnir mnrk~.:t value at date of gift, net of acc.umubted depreciation (Note 4) 13,166,497 14,749,680 ARTWORK l,l71,450 1,047,750 OTHER ASSETS 497,911 564,297 $139,466,602 $129,626,168 LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES $ 1,316,248 $ 1,124,768 MEDICATION DUE TO THIRD PARTIES 2,028,000 0 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note I0) NET ASSETS: Unrestricted 79,993,261 74,060,016 Temporarily restricted 12,724,358 13,850,180 Permanently restricted 43,404,735 40 591,204 Totc1l nel assets 136.122,354 128 501 400 $139.466.602 $129.626.168 The accompanymg noteS are an 1ruegral part of these sr.ar.emenrs . CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT For the year eruk>d August 31, 1998 Temporarily P~-.'11llanently Unrt:!>tricted Restricted Restricted Total REVENUES AND SUPPORT: Contnburions: ()perming $10,077,568 $ 1,989,089 $ 0 $ 12,066,657 Programs: Prcvcntton and rcsoluuon of C(lnflict-inremattlmal 0 3,157,402 0 3,157.402 Control and eradication of disease 0 10.546,309 0 10,546,809 Prevent ton and resolution of Cl)nflict-Jomcstic 0 918,042 0 918,042 Cross-program 0 731,261 0 731,261 In-kind gcxKls and services: Control and er;ldication of disease 0 27,501,729 0 27,501,729 Prevention and resolution of conflicr-Jomcstic 0 334.143 0 334,143 Endowment Q Q 2.842.121 2,842,1:21 10,077,568 45,178,475 2,849,421 58,105,464 Endowment funJ earning~ 3,745.388 0 0 3,745.388 Appreciation of rcstrictL.J endowment mvcstments 2,152,905 0 0 2,152,905 Depreciation of office buildtng 0 0 (35,890) (35,890) Facilities use income 404.309 0 0 404,309 Interest anJ investment mcome 573,441 39,360 0 612,801 Net a!lscts released from restrictions: Preventton and resolution of conflict-international 2,5'35,741 (2,535,741) 0 0 Control and erachcarion of uLc;ease 40,389.279 (40,389,279) 0 0 Prevention and resolution of conflict-Jomestic 3,024,137 (3,024,137) 0 0 Cross-program 329,150 (329,150) c 0 Operating 65 350 {65, 350} 0 0 Total revenues and support 63,297,268 (1,125,822) 2,813,531 64,984,977 EXPENSES: Prllbrram: Prevention and rl'50lunon of confltcr -imemar tonal 2,881,604 0 0 2.881,604 Control and eradication of disea~c 41,548,993 0 0 41,548,993 Prevenuon and resolutton of confltct-domcstic 2,778,935 0 0 2,778,935 Cr05S·program 248,295 0 0 248,295 Fund-raismg office 4,980,470 0 0 4,980,470 General and administrative 2,835,619 0 0 2,835,619 ~mmon nrea and depreciation 2.090,107 0 0 2,090,107 Total expenses 571364P23 0 0 571364P23 CHANGE IN ~"ET ASSETS 519331245 (1,1251822) 2,8131531 il620,954 NET ASSETS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 74P601016 131850.180 4015911204 128.5011400 NET ASSETS AT END OF YEAR $79,993,261 $12,724,358 $4 3.404.735 $136,122,354 The accompan:vmg nuws arc an imegral pan of this .1uuemcru. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT For the year ended August 31, 1997 Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Total REVENUESANDSUPPORTI Contr i bu t ion~: Operating $ 7,609,742 $ 77,996 $ 0 $ 7,687,738 Programs: Prevention and resolution of conflict-international 0 4,327,384 0 4,327,384 Control and eradication of dtSCase 0 10,016,175 0 10,016,175 Prevention and resolution of conflict-domestic 0 4,048,85 1 0 4,048,851 Cross-prO!-,'t am 0 452,882 0 452,882 In kmd goods and services: Control and eradication of disease 0 27,543,106 0 27.543,106 Prevention and resolution of conflict-domestic 0 594,232 0 594,232 Endowment 0 0 812.8 12 842.812 7,609,742 47,060,626 842,812 55,513,180 Endowment fu nd earnings 1,959,683 0 0 1,959,683 Appreciation of restricted endowment investments 10,296,854 0 0 10,296,854 Depreciation of office building 0 0 (35,890) (35,890) Facilities u~e income 444.461 0 0 444.461 lntcrcst and investment income 515,868 0 0 515,868 Nt.:t assets relca~ed from restricc io~: Prevention ;md resolution of conflict-inremationnl 3,048,582 (3,048,582) 0 0 Control and eradicnrion of d tse~ 34,829,603 (34,829,603) 0 0 Prevention and rcrolution of conflict-domestic 2,679,174 (2,679,174) 0 0 Cross·pn)j;{ra m 216,198 (216,198) 0 0 Operating 77,996 (77,996) 0 0 l()[a) revenues and support 61,678,161 6,209,073 806,922 68,694,156 EXPENSES: Program: Prevention and resolution of conflict international 3,084,452 0 0 3,084,452 Control anJ eradication of Ji:icase 34,012,256 0 0 34,012,256 Prcventton and resolution of conflict-domestic 2,615,363 0 0 2,615,363 Cross-program 183,779 0 0 183,779 Fund-raising office 3,580,820 0 0 3,580,820 General and administrative 2,887,819 0 0 2,887,819 Common area and depreciation 2,175,853 0 0 2,175,853 Toral expenses 48,540,342 0 0 48,540,342 CHANGE IN NET ASSETS 13,137,819 6,209,073 806,922 20, 153,814 NET ASSETS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 60,922,197 7,641,107 39,784,282 108,347,586 NET ASSETS AT END OF YEAR $74,060!016 $13,850,180 $40!591,204 $128,501,400 The accomJ)(lnymg nute.l are an integral part of chis sr.atement. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT For the year~o ended Au~~"t 31, 1998 and 1997 1998 1997 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Change in net ns.."Crs $ 7,620,954 $20,153,814 AdJusuncnL~ to rcconctlc change in net assets to nl't cash prov1dt-d by operating activities: Dcrrccmuon 1,998,492 1,586,900 Incrcas<..' in fair market ' CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: ( ~mstrucuon anu purdut~ of property and equtpmc::1t, net of related payahlcs (405,123) (785,828) Endowment inve:.tmcnt:. (3,540,269) ( 7,601,838) Net cash lL~ed in investing acttvltiCS {3,945,392) {8!387!666~ CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Procc~o:ili from contributions restricted for: Investment in endowment 1,516,836 2,718.590 Investment m pl.lnt 100,000 119 999 Net cash provided by financing activtties I ,616,836 2,838,589 NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 5,138,516 1.457,687 CASH Ar-ID CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 11,868,785 10,111,098 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF Y'EAR $17,007,301 $11,868!785 The w:cmnJ~mym!{ notes are an integral parr uf these stciMncnts. CARTER CENTER A!'JNUAL REPORT August 31. 1998 and 1997 1. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION C'lrter Prestdenttal Library, Inc. ("CPL") was organized October 26, 1981 under the laws of Georgia ru; a not-for-profit corporation to be operated exclw;ively for charitable and educauonal purposes. Dunng 1986, CPL changed its name to Carter Presidential Center, Inc. ("CPC"). Effccnve Janunry L988, CPC changed its name t1> The Carter Center, Inc. ("CCI"). CCI is exempt from federal income taxation under Section 50l(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The bonrd of trw;tees of CCI consists of 22 members, whtch indude President and Mrs. Carter, the pre:.ident of Emory Universiry, 9 members appomred by Emory Univcrsiry's board of trustees, and 10 members appointed by President C1ner and CCI trustees. Additionally, Emory Universtry's board of tMtees has the authonry to approve amendments to CCI's articles of incorporation nnd bylaws and to approve the annual and capital budgets of CCL CCI is related by common control to Carter Center of Emory Univer..iry ("CCEU"). The financial data for this organization b not included m these financial statement-;. CCI oper..ttes programmatically under thn:e main action area~. prevention and resolution of conflict ("PARC"), both domestic and intem.-uional, and control and eradication of disea.-.c ("CED"). ln addition, CCI has received broad-based support which i:, beneficial to all programs and ts categori:ed as "cross-program." lnitiativcs in PARC-international include preventing and resolving conflict, protecting basic human rights, promoting open forms of mcdtn, and momtoring elections in emerging democractc.s. The CED area strives to improve health in the Unit1...J State; and around the world. Initiatives include emdication of dracunculiasis, control of onchocerciasis ("river blindness"}, mental health reform, collaborations between congregations and public health agencies, and collaborations among community groups to reduce fireann violence. PARC domesric focuses its efforts on helping the ciry of Arlanra's net.>diest communities gain access to the resources they need to address the problems that mo:.t concern them. Experiences are then communicated to other interested communities throughout the country. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND OTHER MATTERS Contributions CC1 records gifts, including promises to give, of cash and other assets as restricted support if they are received with donor stipulations that limit the w;e of the donated asset.,. When a donor re.,triction is met, such temporarily restricted net assets arc reclassified to unre;tricted net assets and arc reported in the statements of activttics as net as:.cts rcleas~...J from rcstriction:.. CCI records gifts of land, buildings, and equipment as unrestricted suprx1rr unless explicit donor stipulation:. specify how the donated assets must be lL.~>d. Gifts of long-lived assets with explicit re:.trictions that specify how the a'i..'iets are to be usc..'<:! and gifts of cao;h or other assets tbar must he used to ncquire long-lived a.<;..;et.,, arc reponed ru; n.:strictcd suppon. Absent explicit donl1r stipulations about how long those long-lived a~'>t!ts must be maintained, CCI reports expiration:. of donor restrictions when the dnn:tted or acquired kmg-lived ~-;ets are placed in service. Donaa-d Good~; and Services Donntcd mntcriab. and equipment, including artwork, arc reflected as contribution:. al their e:;timarcd f.1ir market va lues when an uncondirional promise to give is received. I:Xmarcd services arc refk>cred ao; contrtbution:. if the following criteria are met: the ~rvicc:; received or to he received crt:ate or enhance nonfinancial a~'ets or the services r1..'quire :.-peci:tlized skill~. are provkk.J by individuals possess ing tho~ skills, and would be purchased if not provided by donation. Donat1..x.l services are recognized as the services are performed. The services of loaned executives for The Atlanta Project ("TAP") and ccm1in other servtces have been recorded in the accompany ing fmanctal statements. No amounts are recorded in the accompanying financial statements for other donated services (volunteers, org<~ni::ational planning, and meeting facilitntion), since rhc cntcria discussed above were nor met with re:;pect w t.he.-.e ser-vices. l11e components of donated g(xxis and ser•ices for the Yt!a!S endL.J August 31, 1998 and 1997 arc a~ follows: 1998 1997 Control and eradication of disca~e: Water filtration material and chemicals $ 1,001,529 $ 1,002,106 Mectizan tablets 26,500.200 26.541,000 Prevention and resolution of contlicr-Jome.~tic: Loaned executives 196,502 454,074 Operating expenses and utilities __111Ml 140,158 Total $27,835,872 $28,137,338 CARTER CeNTER ANNUAL REPORT Artwork CCI has capitalized artwork since its mception at the estimated fair market value at the date of acquismon. Inventory Inventory consists of Mectizan tablets, wh1ch arc used to treat nver blmJness. Inventory IS received as an in-kind Jonation and is valued at market value at the time of the gift. Inventory IS valued using the first-in, first-out method. Medication Due to Third Partie:. From time to ume, CCI rccetves lo..1.ns of medtcation from vanous partners for its R1ver Blindness Program m Nigeria. ThL>se loans are received when CCI does not have ufficient inventory on hand to carry out Its desired progmm acnvuies and other orgamzauons have excess inventory. fu all uch medicatton used m thts program IS prov1JL' Net Assets Unrestricted As of August 31, 1998 and 1997, unrestricted net assets are as follows: 1998 1997 UnrealiZed gain on rcstriaed endowment investment~ $44,930,990 $42.778,085 Designated by the board of trw.tees for maintenance of property and L'tluipment 566,853 535,335 Designated by management ns an additton to: Endowment investments 9,108,760 7,908,513 Program funds 545,091 0 Undesignated 24.841.567 22,838,083 Total $79,993,261 $74,060,016 The board of trustee!> ha authorized the d~ignation of a pt>rtion of the unrestricted net ao;scts for maintenance of prorcrty and equipment. The annual designation amount is currently$ I 16,000. Unrealized gains on 1'1.!:\tricted endowment investments (Note 5) are classtfied as mcreascs m unresrnctcd net nsscts. Unrestricted net assets also mcludc funJs dc:;ignated by management as additi Temporarily Restricted As of August 31, 1998 and 1997, temporarily restricted net as:.cts arc available for the followtng purposes: 1998 1997 PARC-inrcmauonal $ 2,637,676 $ 2,016,015 CED 1,867,868 4,188,440 PARC- Pennanently Restricted In 1989, CCI began its campaib>Tl to mbc nn endowment fund. An endowment funJ represents a fund subject to restrictions of gift instruments requiring that the principal of the fund he invested m perpetuity and only the income be used for operations. Pennanently rc~tricted net assc~ nrc invested in perpetuity, and the income from the.-,e assets is expendable to support any acnvities of CCI. Cash and Cash Equivalents CCI's ca~h eqUivalents repreM!nt liquid mvestments wtth an original maturity of three month!> or less. RestnctL'tl cash ts restricted by the donor for a specific purpose. CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT Reclassifications Cenam pnor year amounts have been reclas;ificJ to confonn with the current year presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles reqUires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of asset:; and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reponed amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from tho:;e estimates. 3. PLEDGES RECEIVABLE Pledges are recorded as of their pledge dates at the net present value of their estimated future cash flows. The amount of periodic amortization of the discount 1s recorded in subsequent penods as contribution income according to eac.h respective donor-imposed restriCtion, if any. Pledges receivable as of August 31, 1998 and 1997 are classified as follows: 1998 1997 Unrestricted: Operating $ 70,339 $ 490,872 Quasi-endowment 200,000 390,476 Temporarily restricted: PARC-domesttc 989,579 2,227,346 Construction 439,524 530,000 Time-restricted 1,923,739 0 Permanently restricted: Endowment 4,947,667 31415p82 Total $8,570,848 $7 ,053,776 The anticipated receipts of these receivables arc as follows at August 31, 1998 and 1997: 1998 122:Z Less than one year $2,244,732 $2,793,333 One to five years 7,114,175 1,333,333 Five to ten years 946,825 4,274,095 Less unaml)rri:ed discount pl734,884~ (1.346.985~ ~815701848 ~710531776 Pledges were discounted based on rates ranging from 5% to 8.28%. 4. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT The components of property, plant, and equipment, which, except for land, are depreciated on a straight-line basis, are as follows at August 31, 1998 and 1997: Useful 1998 1997 Lives Land $ 296,732 $ 296,732 N/A Buildings 15,581,171 15,581,171 30 years Grounds and land improvements 711,343 1,542,750 10 years Furniture and fixtures 1,279,146 1,564,809 5 to 10 years Office equipment 1,424,164 1,912,326 5 yean. Computer eqUipment 671,803 494,416 3 to 5 years TAP equipment 0 2,838,495 3 years Vehtclcs I ,459,123 1,409,836 3 years Butlding improvements 506,541 461,444 15 years 21,930,023 26,101,979 Less accumulatl!d depreciation (8, 763,526) ( 11 ,352,299) $13,166,497 $14,749,680 CARTER lENTER ANNUAL REPORT 5. INVESTMENTS Invc~tmcnb in eqlllt:y Sl'Curitic:- wath rcadtly detenninable faar valul" and all debt secunries arc rcp..'~rted ar thear fair value~. As of Augusr 31. 1998 and 1997, CCI has invested a ponion of its endowment in a JXX)Ied investment fund, which invests in a composite of cnsh equi\•alcm... , bonds, cnmmon ~toc.k, mutual fund~. and other assets. These investments arc presentL'<.I m the accompanymg state· ments offm.mcial position at their fair values. The cost bastS for these mvestments was $47,004,469 and $4'3.464,200 ,as of August 31, 1998 .l!ld 1997, resrwctavely. Tt ,taJ return on invcsunent~ was unre:.trictcd for the ycms ended Augusa 3 I, 1998 and 1997 and w;1s as follows: 1998 1997 Investment mcome included tn operating support and revenue, including net realt:cd gains or ltJ..<;::.es $3.745,388 $ 1,959,6 3 Net unrealized gains 2,152,905 10,296,854 Total return nn inve~tments $5.828,293 $12,256,537 CCI purcha.... ed an office building with cnd1)\\menr funds dunng 1990. As of Augu~t 31, 1998, the buildmg wa.-, wholly occupied by CCI progrnm nnd d~:parrment staff. Accumulated depreciation on thi:. investment was $304,354 and $268.464 6. RELATED PARTIES Included in program expen:;e for the year ended AuJ,'liSt 31, 1997 are ~vera! payments to CCEU tmaling approximately $310,000, reprc:,enting final payments on mulnycar grants managed by CCEU. These grants are for election validation, conflict resdution, and certain other programs sponsored by CCEU. No p 7. LEASES CCI ll'ao;cs space to variou~ entities under noncancelable lea.-;~<; with various terms. CCI leases ro CCEU approximately 20% of CCI's space under a lease for a term of 99 years with a rental payment of $1 per year. CCI allocate_<; common area expenses to all of 1ts pwgrnm areas, wh1ch are shown as program expenses in the accompanying statements of activities. A business agreement w1th CCI's caterer ha~ no annual rent; rather, CCI receive~ 5% to lO% of the tenant's gross revenue, a' defined. Rental mcomc from these k·a-.es 1S included in facal itics usc income in the accompanying statements of acttvitics. 8. THE ATLANTA PROjECT PROGRAM HEADQUARTERS LEASE CCI!ca.r,es space for TAP hcadquaners under an .tgre('ment with an mitial term of two years, whach commenct-d May 1, 1992, and two rent•wal terms of two years each. Durin~ fiscal year 1998, this lease agreement was extended through Augu~t 31, 1999. CCI is not obligated t~1 pay any base rent~ during the inttml or renewal tcnns of the k-ase, CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT 111 ~ ·-· r ~ z -i m ;:o 9. SCHEDULE OF FUNCTIONAL EXPENSES > The fo llowmg schedule:> reflect the component:. of CCI's program and supporting expenses by their natural classification: z z c Promm E~enses Su~~orting Ex~enses Total > PARC PARC Cross, Fund, Administrative Common Area Expenses r -intemational CED -domestic Pro~ram Raisin~ Costs and Depreciation 1998 ;:o (T' '":I c Salaries $1,422,769 $ 3,802,620 $1,3 19,093 $165 ,926 $1 ,1 60,744 $1,997,604 $ 564,163 $10,432,919 ;:o Consulting 249,005 939,169 297,347 1,894 556,487 269,380 14,657 2,327,939 --l Communications 225,823 508,529 106,705 14,248 1,542,644 184,549 14,354 2,596,852 O ther services 148,536 112,848 32,851 3,383 1, 157,907 92,920 156,918 1,705,363 Supplies 140,937 28,670,041 121,288 5,014 53,300 48,536 51,687 29,090,803 Travel/meetings 612,746 1,558,105 101,389 50,368 322,733 43,505 4,668 2,693,514 O ther 74,288 3,548,654 380,846 7,462 186,655 199,125 1,283,660 5,680,690 Grants 7.500 2.1Q2.Q22 112.11 6 Q - __Q Q Q 2.835.213 $2.881,604 $41. 548.993 $2.778.935 $248.295 $4.980,470 $2,835,619 $2.090. 107 $57.364.023 Pro~am E~enses Sup12Qrting E~enses Total PARC PARC Cross, Fund, Administrative Common Area Expenses -international CED -domestic Pro~ram Raisin~ Costs and Depreciation 1221 Salaries $1,285,072 $ 3,461,338 $1,276,224 $139,611 $ 909,488 $1,936,749 $ 635,41 2 $ 9,643,894 Consulting 281,885 810,655 328,764 0 233,030 306,436 5,028 1,965,798 Commun ications 265,983 523,898 71,283 10,213 1,2 15,352 261,531 11 ,856 2,360,116 O ther service:; 174,351 81,037 30,040 21,772 845,406 76,855 198,164 1,427,625 Supplies 139,507 24,060, 108 50,523 3, 105 25,678 52,382 44,648 24,3 75,951 T ravel/met!tings 818,197 1,414,063 84,983 8,598 226,178 63,369 5,135 2,620,523 Other 0 1,056,137 365,144 480 125,688 190,497 1.275,610 3,013,556 Grants 112.15 2 2.60S,Q2Q 1Q8 .~QZ 0 0 0 3,] 32,822 $3,084.452 $34,012,256 $2,615,363 ~ 1 82 . 172 ~2. 5 80 , 820 ~2 . 882 . 8 1 9 ~Z . l22 . 852 H815401342 10. COMMITMENTS Al'-.'D CONTINGENCIES L1ugatton and claims have been filed against CCI in the nrdmary course ofbusiness. Wh1le the nutcomc of the~e actions is not presently detenninable, management believes that the prohable resolution ofsuch contingencies will not materially affect the financial position or rcsu Its< ,f operations of CCL CARTER CENTER ANNUAL REPORT CARTER CI:.NTI:.R ANNUAL REPORT The Carter Center One Copenhill Atlanta, GA 30307 (4 04) 420-5100 Fax (404) 420-5145 www.ca rtcrcenter.org