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El Capitan Source Water System

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El Capitan Source Water System -- .h . GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY El Capitan Source Water System R. M. BRACKBILL SHELL OIL CO. Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/JPT/article-pdf/16/12/1351/2218694/spe-912-pa.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 MEMBER AIME MIDLAND, 7EX. SHELL PIPE LiNE CORP. J. C. GAINES HOUSTON, 7EX, Abstract County, led [o Shell’s investigation of additional water The talents of pipeline and production engineers can sources as an allied investment opportunity. Allied op- be coordinated to create opportunities for diversified iit: portunities might be differentiated from diversification il, restments. This has been demonstrated by the efforts of that it is management’s desire to find additional invest- Shell Oil Co. and Shell Pipe Line through the construe= ment programs through further util ization of availahlc tion of El Capitan source water system, which serves talent and experience, I)lany Pcrt)lian Basiiz secottdury recovery injection pro- A review of local water sources for Shell’s Ector gf.~,n.yt County water injection opemtions during 19fJ() indicated Ihc project was conceived during 1960 after the need that the avaihtble sources might prove irmdequate in fur a large water supply was recognized. A study of lo- many areas if they were developed on a wsiksteral lease basis. It appeared that fresh water sources would have cal water-bearing foswations, suggested that these sources might be inadequate to serve projected secondary recov- to be exploited beyorid the limits of some of the oil ery pro.r.vams and still provide suflicietrt water for resi- fields to assure an adequate water supply. Since other dential, farming and iudustria! requirements. The Capi- operators undoubtedly experienced similar problems, it tan reef cotnplex was selected frw the supply because the presented an excellent opportunity for a water supplY extensive aquifer yield,r brackish sulfide water suitable service. Two alternate water sources given considerateion jor injection, were the Capitttn reef complex in Winkler County, a The initial project when completed will require a capi- prolific aquifer which had yielded several billion barrels of brackish sulfide water with little or no drawdown, tal expenditure of an esfimated $10 mil!ion. lt will be capable of delivering some 2.8 billion bbl of water af a and the Ogaltdla formation in Gaines County. a shallow. s rote of 600,000 BID from 18 wells auproxintafely 5,000 fresh aquifer, Further investigations rcvettled that one major oil pro- ft deep. Thesvater \;ill be pumped’ ~rrough seize 135 tniles oj line ranging in size downward from 36 in. at the ducer had already laid a water system from the Capitan 5,000-hp pump station. Additional capucity up to 1,000, - reef to supply its Ector and Crane counties field injec- 000 B!D can be obtained with only additional source tion requirements, that another operrttor hitd purchased welts and pu171ps being required, The water will be sup- water rights with plans to bring Capitan reef water to its plied through a closed system free of air to 28 ter- projects in Ector County, and that operators of other minals, each with meters for cus[ody transfer. The well.v Ector County projects had purchased the Odessa city ex- ant! pump station are equipped with gas engines ancl cess water” capacity and the Odessa butadiene plani waste the F;ece.&ary auxiliary equ~pment to permit automated water. operafiof t. Several oil producers had substantial operations in Ec- While nearly four years have been required from in- tor County, while Shell’s interests were dispersed with its major operations in the TXL field area, where water re- CL>@Oil fo delivery, less than a“year was required for de- sign, development and construction, The greatest time ‘quirements were neither immediate nor relatively large, It appeared certain that Shell operations would be served and effort were required for contract negotiations for water rights. for right of way, and with the water pur- either incidental to the above systems or through local water development. Consequently, a water source service chrrsers. was not actively pursued. Through cent act in engineer- Introdttclion “ ing committee work in late 1961, Shell was advise~i that at least one of the other operators with. water rights could “The advent of expanding secondary recovei opera- not construct a pipeline to deliver water from’ the Wink- tions, together with the growing demand for water util- Ier County reef into Eetor County. The reason given “was ized in the industrial expansion and agriculture in Ector that a group of ranchers controlled sufficient lands be- “ Original manuscript Iwsivcxt In Society of Petrnlewn Engineers otllce tween the water source and the Ector County projects Aug. 3. 1964. Revised manuscrirst received Nov. 2, 1964. Paper we. and that they had made exorbitant demands for water sented at !l!3thAnnual SPE Fail MeetIns heId in Houston, Oct. 11.14, 1964. transmission rights across those lands. ~.-, d“ - It soon became obvicw that the company which could erately mineralized water not suited for irrigation or hu- obtain right-of-way out of Wlnkler County could prob- man consumptio~ is contained in the Permian reef com- ably organize a water source system to serve most opera- plex of the upper Guadalupian series that parallels the tors in the Ector County area. It was then that Shell PIpc western edge of the central basin platform @ig. 1). Line was contacted with the idea of utilizhrg second line Availability of water in the proximity of the reef was lay rights along its existing oil lines to cross the lands first recognized in 1927, shortly after discovery of the controlled by the ranchers. Shell Oil and Shell Pipe Line Hendrick oil field in western Winkler County, Tex. The soon agreed as to the feasibility of constructing a water majority of the field wells produced large quantities of supply system and immediately obtained water rights. water without any significant indication of decline in ca- While the second line rights were available, the route was pacity. When the wells ceased to flow, submersible not the shortest or most economical, ‘---’1 pumps lifted thousands of barrels of water per day with During early 1962, at a meeting of all potential water water cuts approaching 100 per cent, From thk perform- users, a steering committee composed of major water ance it was apparent that the oil accumulation was in injection. projects was organized to work out a“ solution communication with an extremely large aquifer. The pro- to the procurement of source water for the waterflood op- duced water was relatively fresh, ranging from less than 5,000 to near[y 20,000 ppm total dissolved solids. erations in Andrews, Crane and Ector counties, with Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/JPT/article-pdf/16/12/1351/2218694/spe-912-pa.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 the object of selecting a company to provide the needed It has been postulated ‘that in late Guadalupian time service,’ The committee, through its engineering group, marine environments were restricted by the growth of determined locations to be served, the yearly and total reefs around the Delaware basin. Guadalupe peak in water requirements, approved the Capitan reef complex West Texas is the focal point of the Permian reef corn- as having ample water of acceptable quality, and pre- plex exposure, where about 40 miles of the Capitan reef, pared bid specifications for the service. The bid included or about one-tenth of the total length, is exposed in the the total cost of water delivered to specified locations, Gw&dalupe mountains. To the northeast of the scenic with mil.,mum guarantees of usage, The ultimate water peak the reef is found at shallow depths, A well-known volume amounted to 2.8 billion bbl, with peak daily tourist attraction, the Carlsbxd Gverns, is contained in rates of 600,000 bbl. When the bids were opened in the upper portion of the reef where ground waters have July, 1962, it became clear that the reef water source formed large chambers. Not too distant from Carlsbad could prObdbly not be delivered to most of Andrews appears to be the principal recharge area. Salt water that County at a price competitive with fresh water produced was contained in the reef when it was deposited has been from the Ogilalla aquifer in that area. Shelf’s bid for a systematically flushed by precipitation entering the for- 70-per cent annual guarantee was based on laying a sys- mation. tem using second line rights and right-of-way options The geology of the sediments occurring on the eastern purchased on the remainder of the Winkler County margin of the Delaware basin in Winkler County is es- route and on developing water from lands it had pur- sentially the same as observed in the outcrop. These reefs chased on the reef. This proposal was made contingent are also present in the supply area, but because of deep- on Shell’s being able to utilize its additional line rights. seated faulting greater relief was present during most of Shell eventually worked out an agreement with the combine of ranchers, whereby Shell acquired additional water rights and the right to lay pipelines from these ranches, This contract was executed during May, 1963, and allowed the water field to be developed considerably closer to the users and reduced the amount of pipe re- quired. During the period of negotiation with the rancher 1, I 2“’”’”$) I combine, firm nominations for water requirements were solicited from all the major water users. The fieldwide nominations by the largest operators in each field indi- cated a need for 28 terminals rather than the 9 in the original bid specifications.
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