Blyde Local Sources Water Supply Scheme

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

GREATER SEKHUKHUNE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY GREATER TUBATSE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE LOCAL SOURCES WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Ditholong, Ga-Moraba, Leboeng, Lepelle, Makopung, Malaeneng Ext 1, Malekgwarana, Marareng, Phiring, Phiring Ext 1, Phiring Ext 2, Tswenyane, Makgalane, Ga-Sepeke, Malaeneng, Makgwareng

DRAFT VERSION 1.2 April 2011

Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 35290 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning MENLO PARK Private Bag X313 0081 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 12 361 9821 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE LOCAL GROUNDWATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY SCHEME EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The rudimentary strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The focus of this document is on settlements of Ditholong, Ga-Moraba, Leboeng, Lepelle, Makopung, Malaeneng Ext 1, Malekgwarana, Marareng, Phiring, Phiring Ext 1, Phiring Ext 2, Tswenyane, Makgalane, Ga-Sepeke, Malaeneng and Makgwareng that are situated on the eastern part of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality in the Greater Sekhukhune District.

The Blyde Local Sources cluster receive water supply mainly from boreholes. A large fountain found in this cluster is also a major source of supply to a significant number of villages. Water Resource Availability and Requirements The consumption in the Blyde Local Groundwater Sources Scheme was estimated by the groundwater specialists, WSM Leshika to be 0.07 Million m 3/a for 2005. The Eskom population based water requirement figures indicate a high underestimation of the real water requirements considering the actual water use of 1.75 Million m 3/a. This 1.75 Million m 3/a was used as the benchmark water requirement figure for 2010 as per the Water Services data. The calculated water requirement based on Water Services borehole water use is projected to increase to 1.934 Million m3/a by the year 2030. A fountain that exists in this cluster is one of the sources of domestic water supply for the Blyde Local Sources cluster. The fountain water use is not metered or monitored such that the fountain available yield is unknown. The Main source of supply is the boreholes. The available groundwater that could be used to augment the current supply was estimated to be 0.12 Million m 3/a. Groundwater availability in this cluster should be confirmed as the aquifer appears to be stressed.

Water balance with reconciliation options The cluster appears to be in deficit based on the current groundwater supply against the current and future water requirement. The current water supply is estimated at 1.75 Million m3/a. The groundwater potential of 0.12 Million m 3/a, is available for further development. The available groundwater resource was used to augment the current groundwater use of 1.75 Million m 3/a. The groundwater resources appear to be insufficient for this cluster. It appears that water losses and very high consumption rates might be serious problems in this cluster as the expected demands based on the current population are actually much lower that what is currently being used in this cluster.

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Water Conservation and Water Demand Management measures must be implemented in order to reduce the losses in the distribution system and to ensure the minimization of wasteful water. It is essential that all abstracted water must be metered and continually monitored in order for the implementation of management measures and the ensured effectiveness thereof.

Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM requirements

Currentlevel of service 2

2 Mm³/annum 5% growth in 20% growth in house house connection 1 connection by by 2025 2015

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario) Confidence level of Information available for the study area The confidence level for the information in this area is low as there are no existing records of actual flows for water provided. The fountain water supply is quite significant but there are no records of water supply volumes from this source. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy: This cluster is considered to have a Priority 4(high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. Water allocations must be registered.

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CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirements for the Blyde Local Sources cluster was calculated as 0.642 Million m 3/a, using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 0.737 Million m 3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. The actually water use is much higher than the Eskom population based water requirements. The water requirements were thus calculated taking the current water use (1.75 Million m 3/a) as the benchmark water requirements for 2010. These calculated water requirement based on Water Services borehole data water is projected to increase to 1.934 Million m 3/a by the year 2030

• Groundwater use from the fountain is unknown and the groundwater from boreholes was estimated at 1.75 Million m 3/a.

• Groundwater (0.12 Million m 3/a) is available to augment the current supply. The combined sustainable yield of the production boreholes is insufficient to meet the projected water requirements for the cluster for the year 2030. However, a detailed hydro geological assessment and borehole census for the region is required to confirm the groundwater availability.

• There is potential to extend groundwater use as an addition source of supply. The level of utilisation, status and scientific evaluation of the existing boreholes needs to be verified.

• Based on the consumption analysis, the Blyde Local Sources Scheme is considered to have a Priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently in deficit.

STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS • Existing groundwater use should be confirmed. The groundwater aquifers appear stressed such that further augmentation is not recommended from groundwater resources. A feasibility study should be done to investigate groundwater availability before any further groundwater development could be considered.

• Developing, implementing and monitoring of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy is urgently required since water consumption appears to be higher than expected.

• Limit wasteful water use in order to control the very high water consumption. .

• Ground water information is sadly lacking in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality and in the entire Greater Sekhukhune District municipality. Attention should be given immediately to the establishment of a system to monitor quality, tracking and management of groundwater.

• Surface water use from the nearest river should be considered as an option to augment the current available groundwater supply.

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Signature

This is a strategy for the Blyde Local Sources Water Scheme and it has been accepted and signed by Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Greater Tubatse Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status

Blyde Local Olifants Greater Greater Draft Sorces Sekhukhune Sekhukhune District DM Municipality

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………...... Greater Position:…………………………… [Title and Tubatse LM name] DM

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………………………DWA Position:………………………………DWA D: Regional Office National Water Resource Planning

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 3

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 4

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 4

3.2 Level of services ...... 4

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 4

4.1 Future water requirements ...... 4

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5

5.1 Surface water resources ...... 5

5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 5

5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 6

5.2 Groundwater ...... 6

5.2.1 Other water users from the same source ...... 6

5.2.2 Water allocation/s ...... 6

5.2.3 Quality ...... 7

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 7

6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE ...... 8

6.1 Blyde Local cluster ...... 8

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town ...... 10

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 10

8 SANITATION ...... 10

8.1 Level of services ...... 10

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 10

8.2.1 Return Flows ...... 10

8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 10

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9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 11

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM...... 11

9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 11

9.3 Ground water ...... 11

9.4 Re-use ...... 11

9.5 Surface water ...... 11

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater ...... 11

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 11

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 12

10.1 Water Balance ...... 12

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 14

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 14

13 REFERENCES ...... 15

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1:Locality Plan ...... 2

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Blyde Local Sources) ...... 9

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 13 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 4

Table 4-1: Water requirement projections ...... 5

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 8

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m 3/a) ...... 8

Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 10

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) ...... 12

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality GTLM Greater Tubatse Local Municipality IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality LPN Lepelle Northern Water MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water

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WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study area

This study area includes the settlements of Ditholong, Ga-Moraba, Leboeng, Lepelle, Makopung, Malaeneng Ext 1, Malekgwarana, Marareng, Phiring, Phiring Ext 1, Phiring Ext 2, Tswenyane, Makgalane, Ga-Sepeke, Malaeneng and Makgwareng situated in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality of the Greater Sekhukhune District.

Water supply is primarily from groundwater sources that include boreholes and a fountain.

The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.

1.2 Regional Setting The GTLM is located north of the N4 highway, Middelburg, Belfast and Nelspruit, and east of the N1 highway, Groblersdal and Polokwane. The area of jurisdiction is approximately 4 550 km² in size and is known as the Middelveld as it is located between the Highveld and Lowveld regions. It forms part of the Sekhukhune District Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The district also includes Elias Motsoaledi LM, Greater Marble Hall LM, Greater Makhudutamaga LM and Greater Fetakgomo LM. The area was established after the local government elections of 2000 as an outflow of the municipal demarcation process.

Greater Tubatse Local Municipality is a cross-border municipality with Burgersfort as its seat. It is a category B municipality. Its name “Tubatse” has been derived from the Tubatse River (Steelpoort River). Its border trends from the Olifants River (North of the Strydom Tunnel to 35km South of Lydenburg, from Ohrigstad to Steelpoort Park). The major rivers in the area are Tubatse (Steelpoort) River, Spekboom River, Olifants River and Ohrigstad River. In the bigger towns, purified water is pumped from the rivers but Ohrigstad and the rural areas are dependent for their water from boreholes.

Mining is one of the major sources for employment. Prosperity has come to the area and the town Tubatse (Burgersfort) is one of the fastest growing towns in the country.

Water supply to Blyde Local Sources cluster is abstracted from boreholes and supplied to the Leolo villages. A fountain found in this cluster also plays a major source of supply to villages of Tswenyane and Phiring.

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Figure 1-1:Locality Plan

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1.3 Economic Drivers The Limpopo Growth and Development Strategy (LGDS) identify Steelpoort and Burgersfort as district growth point and provincial growth point respectively. The Limpopo Provincial objective to establish at least one prominent growth point in each municipality can be achieved by focusing economic development in these development nodes. These growth points already have a meaningful economic sector featuring a measure of job creation, as well as various higher-order social facilities such as hospitals and/or health centres.

Burgersfort -Stoffberg Corridor is secondary corridor that can play role in the development of mining. This corridor extends from Burgersfort through Steelpoort to Stoffberg about 90 kilometers away. Although there are about three mines located along this corridor to date, it has attracted limited urban development within its sphere of influence, particularly housing development. Only the Ngwabe settlement is located adjacent to this road. This could possibly be explained by the private rather than communal ownership of property, and dominance of commercial agriculture along the Steelpoort river basin. There are however numerous guesthouses, camping sites and resorts, a nature reserve and Steelpoort urban node. Most development along this route is concentrate around Steelpoort urban node. The potential of this corridor seems to lie on attracting further overnight accommodation establishments, retail outlets providing refreshments to those travelling up and down R555, and cluster/s of retail and service businesses (e.g. food outlets, auto banks, filling stations, tourist information center etc) at appropriate intersections that can serve both local communities and tourists (both leisure and business). It is not expected that the urban development along the length of this route will be continuous but will be dotted like ‘beads on a string’. There is simply not enough development energy extend to all available land, at least in the short term. It is therefore recommended that specific locales along this corridor be identified for urban development in the immediate future.

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this area is low as there are no existing records of actual flows for water provided. The fountain water supply is quite significant but there are no records of water supply volumes from this source. Metering is urgently required. 2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 4.1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.

Both the low and high growth scenarios for Blyde Local Sources cluster were assessed as having a negative growth potential; here the population is anticipated to decrease from the 2007 figure of 17530 to 15954 in 2030.

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3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use The consumption in the Blyde Local Groundwater Sources Scheme was estimated by the groundwater specialists, WSM Leshika to be 0.07 Million m 3/a for 2005. The water requirement based on the Eskom population was calculated to have a high growth value of 0.642 Million m 3/a for 2007 and a projected high growth value of 0.737 Million m 3/a for the year 2030.

The actual water use calculated from the Water Services data indicates a current water use of 1.75 Million m 3/a. The large discrepency may be due to a variety of factors that need to be investigated. The high consumption might be attributed to factors like underestimation of population, a much higher level of consumption, stock watering and other users other than domestic receiving borehole water. The Eskom population based water requirement figures indicate a high underestimation of the real water requirements considering the actual consumption of 1.75 Million m 3/a. The water requirements calculated based on Water Services water use is expected to increase to 1.934 Million m3/a by the year 2030.

3.2 Level of services Information obtained through personal conversation with Mr Malatji of Greater Tubatse Local Municipality indicates that Blyde Local Sources cluster households are served largely with below communal taps.

The table below gives the current sanitation service level based on the WSNIS data.

Table 3-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Service level House Communal Communal Yard None/ own resources/ connecti supply supply(>200 connection supply (>500m) on (<200m) m)

WSNIS, 2007 14 10 39 9 29

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is medium with 38% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future water requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 2-1.

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• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as 70% of the population in the cluster supplied below RDP standard by boreholes (Regional Strategy and Infrastructure Plan, March 2003). It is noted that the borehole use indicated is not registered in the WARMS data.

• Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015

Water requirements for Blyde Local Sources were calculated using the DWA Water Services borehole information indicating that the current water use in this scheme is at 1.75 Million m3/a. This water use figure of 1.75 Million m 3/a was used as the benchmark consumption figure since the calculated water requirement based on Eskom estimated base population of 2007 highly underestimated the water requirements for this cluster. Water consumption was assumed to be very high.

Table 4-1: Water requirement projections

Water Req. (Low Water Req. (High Population Population Year Growth) Million Growth) Million (Low Growth) (High Growth) m3/a m3/a

(1) 17, 530 17, 530 Actual 1.811 1.811

16,801 16,897 2010 1.748 1.758

16,050 6,356 2015 1.730 1.763

15,740 16,129 2020 1.837 1.883

15,605 16,007 2025 1.891 1.940

15,544 15,954 2030 1.884 1.934

(1) Base population is provided for 2007.

5 WATER RESOURCES

5.1 Surface water resources Surface water is not utilized as the source of domestic water supply in this cluster.

5.1.1 Water allocation/s

No surface water allocations for the Blyde Local Sources cluster.

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5.1.2 Other water users from the same source

Not applicable .

5.2 Groundwater Groundwater is the main and source of water supply in the Blyde Local groundwater Sources. Almost all of the villages have boreholes supplying insufficient water to the residents.

Villages of Tswenyane and Phiring obtain their domestic water supply from an existing fountain. Water abstractions from the fountain are not metered or monitored. Water from the fountain is stored in reservoirs and distributed with pipes to and communal taps.

The 1:500 000 General Hydro geological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series and GRAII data has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area [14].

The Blyde Local Sources cluster is situated on acid and intermediate extrusives on the north of the cluster with Intergranular and fractured yields of 2.0 - 5.0 l/s, From the south east moving all the way to the north west, the scheme area is situated on Intercalated assemblage of compact sedimentary and extrusive rocks with fractured and karst aquifers yielding 0.0 – 0.1l/s and 2.0 – 5.0 l/s respectively. Dolomites and limestone are located on the southern and western parts of the scheme area with karst and intergranular aquifers yielding 2.0 - 5.0 l/s and 0.5 - 2.0 l/s repectively. Groundwater use from these aquifers is restricted to domestic and stock watering purposes, mainly because of the generally low yields obtained from boreholes drilled into the aquifers.

The GRIP database shows that there are 76 boreholes in the catchment. Borehole depth is available for 15 boreholes ranging from a minimum of 16.6 mbgl to 240.6 mbgl and an average of 80.64 mbgl. water levels range from 0 mbgl to maximum of 108.5 mbgl and mean of 30.07 mbgl. The scheme area is occupied by the quaternary catchments B60H, B71G and B71H. The current groundwater supply is quoted as 1.75 Million m 3/a. The sustainability of the supply should be metered and monitored to confirm that these volumes are sustainable in 3 the long term. The UGEP dry for the catchment is 1.87 Million m /a, leaving an available resource of 0.12 Million m3/a.

5.2.1 Other water users from the same source

Fountain water is minimally used for stock watering and irrigation .

5.2.2 Water allocation/s

There is a registered domestic water use of 0.0155 Million m 3/a in the WARMS database. Another water use of 0.0691Million m3/a is also registered in the WARMS database for irrigation. The current groundwater use is estimated from the Water Services borehole data as 1.75 Million m 3/a and the available groundwater supply that can be utilised to augment this cluster is at 0.12 Million m 3/a.

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5.2.3 Quality Water quality data provided for the scheme is limited, 63 of the boreholes do not have water class data. An analysis of the water quality data was performed on 13 boreholes for which data was available. Of these boreholes 10 are Class I, 2 is Class 2, 1 is Cass 3. This suggests that water quality might be problematic in the catchment. The groundwater quality ranges from ideal water quality, suitable for life time use (Class 0) to dangerous water quality totally unsuitable for human consumption.

5.3 Water Re-use

No scope as the communities in this cluster do not utilise waterborne sewage system.

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6 WATER REQUIREMNTS BALANCE

The current and future water balances for the Blyde Local cluster are summarised in Table 6- 1 and graphically indicated in Figure 6-1.

The current abstracted and registered volumes and quality of the water provided to the Blyde Local cluster are summarised in Table 6-2, where the information is available.

6.1 Blyde Local cluster

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750

Surface Available Supply (Mm 3/a) water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply (Mm 3/a) 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750

Low Growth 1.811 1.748 1.730 1.837 1.891 1.884 Demand Requirement (no reconciliation options (Mm 3/a) High Growth 1.811 1.758 1.763 1.883 1.940 1.934

- Low Growth -0.061 0.002 0.020 -0.087 0.141 -0.134

- Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -0.061 -0.008 -0.013 -0.133 0.190 -0.184

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m 3/a)

Description Source Quantity Comment

Surface Water n/a Registered Use (Million m 3/a) Groundwater

Surface Water Actual Abstraction (Million m 3/a) Groundwater 1.75 Estimated from Water Services Data

Surface Water Available Yield (Million m 3/a) Groundwater 0.12 Estimated from Water Services Data

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8 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

2.000

1.950

1.900

1.850 20% growth in house connection 1.800 by 2025 Mm³/annum

1.750 Current level of service 1.700

5% growth in 1.650 house connection by 2015 1.600

1.550 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Blyde Local Sources)

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9 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town

This cluster is considered to have a Priority 4(high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. Water allocations must be registered.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use. 7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

Blyde Local Sources cluster is supplied with water abstracted from the boreholes and a fountain. The 70% of the water is stored in reservoirs while 30% is stored in Jojo tanks. Some of the villages have no reticulation and fetch water directly from the water source. Some of the villagers buy pipes and connect to the fountain while the majority of the households obtain water from communal taps. There are no water treatment plants in this cluster.

8 SANITATION

The Blyde Local Sources cluster is served with below RDP standard pit latrines.

8.1 Level of services

The current level of service is indicated in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Septic tanks, None, Flush toilet digester, Pit latrine chemical, Service level (connected desludger, with bucket or pit to sewerage effluent discharge ventilation latrine system) to an oxidation (VIP) without pond, etc ventilation

Population (NIS, 2007) 20 3 19 58

The LOH for sanitation services is high with 58% of households below minimum RDP sanitation levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 .

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)

Not applicable.

8.2.1 Return Flows

Not applicable.

8.2.2 State of WWTW

Not applicable.

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10 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM

There is generally no water conservation or demand management policy for the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality. Water is provided free of charge to all residential and institutional consumers in the entire Blyde Local Sources cluster. Water consumption is not measured to individual consumers and very few private connections are registered. Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis. For reconciliation purposes it has been assumed that the WC/WDM ones implemented will reduce water requirements by 1% per annum from 2010 to 2013 and 2% per annum from 2013 to 2018. This is presented on Figure 10.1

9.2 Rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting potential in this area is not high but water harvesting is used as one of the water supply options due to high water shortage in this area. Villagers are buying Jojo tanks and collecting rain water for domestic use (Information obtained through personal communication with Mr Malatji of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality).

9.3 Ground water

The exploitable ground water potential in Blyde local Sources cluster is, based on the available information potentially over utilized. Groundwater use in this scheme is very high and aquifers are potentially stressed. Groundwater (0.12 Million m 3/a) is available to further expand the current groundwater supply. Further groundwater abstraction is, however, not advised without detailed metering of abstraction volumes and water levels and confirmation of the available groundwater supply.

9.4 Re-use

There is no water re-use in the Blyde Local Sources cluster.

9.5 Surface water

Surface water is not utilised.

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

Groundwater is the only source of supply in this cluster. The current groundwater use was estimated at 1.75 Million m 3/a. Groundwater (0.12 Million m 3/a) is available to further augment the current supply.

9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights

Not applicable.

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11 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Water Balance

Table 10-1: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750 1.750

Surface Available Yield (Mm 3/a) water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Groundwater 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120

Augmentation Measures Surface (Mm3/a) water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Available Supply (Mm 3/a) 1.870 1.870 1.870 1.870 1.870 1.870

Demand Requirement Low Growth 1.811 1.748 1.730 1.837 1.891 1.884 (no reconciliation options (Mm 3/a) High Growth 1.811 1.758 1.763 1.883 1.940 1.934

Low Growth 0.000 0.017 0.156 0.239 0.246 0.245 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.018 0.159 0.245 0.252 0.251

Low Growth 0.059 0.139 0.296 0.271 0.224 0.231

Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.059 0.129 0.266 0.232 0.182 0.188

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12 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

Current level of service 2

2 Mm³/annum 5% growth in 20% growth in house house connection 1 connection by by 2025 2015

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Year

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures

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13 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

11 CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirements for the Blyde Local Sources cluster was calculated as 0.642 Million m 3/a, using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 0.737 Million m 3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. The actually water use is much higher than the Eskom population based water requirements. The water requirements were thus calculated taking the current water use (1.75 Million m 3/a) as the benchmark water requirements for 2010. These calculated water requirement based on Water Services borehole data water is projected to increase to 1.934 Million m 3/a by the year 2030

• Groundwater use from the fountain is unknown and the groundwater from boreholes was estimated at 1.75 Million m 3/a.

• There is potential to extend groundwater use as an addition source of supply. The level of utilisation, status and scientific evaluation of the existing boreholes needs to be verified.

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS • Existing groundwater use should be confirmed. The groundwater aquifers appear stressed such that further augmentation is not recommended from groundwater resources. A feasibility study should be done to investigate groundwater availability before any further groundwater development could be considered.

• Developing, implementing and monitoring of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy is urgently required since water consumption appears to be higher than expected.

• Limit wasteful water use in order to control the very high water consumption. .

• Surface water use from the nearest river should be considered as an option to augment the current available groundwater supply.

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14 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR BLYDE SCHEME REPORT NO. { 1 }

13 REFERENCES [1] GTLM (2008) Greater Tubatse IDP, 2008

[2] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality IDP. 2006/07 -2008/11 (2007)

[3] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality Water Master Plan, April 2007 (2007)

[4] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality WSDP , 2007-08 (2008)

[5] IWMI International Water Management Institute, Hydro-Institutional Mapping in the Steelpoort River Basin, South Africa

[6] Personal communication, 2009, Greater Tubatse Local Municipality (Mr Malatji)

[7] Water Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (DWAF). Directorate: Services Water Services Macro Planning & Information Systems, March 2006. (2006) DWAF Water Services Planning Reference Framework. Discussion Document Version 1 . Prepared by GIS Project Solutions and GPM Consultants in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and information.

[8] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2. Pretoria

[9] 1:250 000 Regional Geological Map Series.

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