Durham E-Theses

Aspects of late iron age and Romano-British settlement in the lower Hull valley

Didsbury, Michael Peter Townley

How to cite: Didsbury, Michael Peter Townley (1990) Aspects of late iron age and Romano-British settlement in the lower Hull valley, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6477/

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ASPECTS OF LATE IRON AGE AND ROMANO-BRITISH

SETTLEMENT IN THE LOWER HULL VALLEY

by

MICHAEL PETER TOWNLEY DIDSBURY

In two volumes:

VOLUME TWO

Thesis submitted for the degree of M.Phil. in the University of Durham (Department of Archaeology)

June 1990

***

2 t MAR 1991 CONTENTS

VOLUME TWO

Page

Contents 1

List of illustrations 2

List of civil parishes 8

APPENDIX 1. THE GAZETTEER

Introduction 9

The Gazetteer 14

Illustrations 82

Bibliography 168

***

- 1 - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

1.1 National and regional location of the study area. 83

1.2 East Riding relief. 84

1.3 The Wolds and Holderness: drift geology. 85

1.4 The Wolds and Holderness: diagrammatic cross-section. 86

1.5 The study area, with sites mentioned in section 1.4. 87

Key to figs 2.1-2.2 and 2.4-2.5 88-90

2.1 IA square barrows in relation to drift geology. 91

2.2 IA square barrows north of Scarborough. 92

2.3 Swine barrow group in relation to drift geology. 93

2.4 IA sites and finds on the till and chalk west of the Hull. 94

2.5 Late IA sites and findspots. Southern alluvia. 95

2.6 Plan of settlement at Salthouse High School, Hull. 96 - 2 - Page

2.7a) Salthouse High School and the 2.7b) topography of the Sutton Clays. 97-98

2.8 Chapel Farm, Weel. Location and geology. 99

2.9a Beehive quern, Chapel Farm, Weel. 100

2.9b Location of material, Chapel Farm, Weel. 101

2.10 Chapel Farm, Weel. Chronological distribution of sherds by number. 102

2.11 Chapel Farm, Weel. Histogram 1. 103

2.12 Chapel Farm, Weel. Histogram 2. 104

2.13 Pottery from Chapel Farm, Weel. 105-108

2.14 Redcliff. Geological section. 109

2.15 Redcliff. Eastern end of cliff section. 110

2.16 Redcliff. Pre-excavation fieldwork. 111

2.17 Settlement and communications in latee Iron Age Lincolnshire. 112

Key to fig. 3.1. 113

3.1 The study area. IA/RB AP sites, with RB sites and material finds. 114

- 3 - Page

3.2 AP settlement features SW of Bishop Burton (after Waugh 1984). 115

3.3 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 1. 116

3.4 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 2. 117

3.5 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 3. 118

3.6 The Cottingham/Woodmansey gravels. Pre-Iron Age sites and finds. 119

3.7 English and Scandinavian woodland names west of Hull. 120

3.8 RB sites and finds from the vicinity of the Leconfield gravels. 121

3.9 Location of Rowley parish and its townships. 122

3.10 Glacial spillways at Risby. 123

3.11 Park Farm, Risby. Field numeration of area walked. 124

3.12 Archaeology of Risby township. 125

3.13 Field 2, Risby. Extent of IA/RB scatter, with principal findspots. 126

3.14 Cordoned LPRIA vessel from Fishpond Wood, Risby. 127

- 4 - Page

3.15 Fishpond Wood, Risby. Resistivity survey. 128

3.16 Cordoned LPRIA pottery in East Yorkshire. 129

3.17 Lezoux "Rhenish Ware" from Risby. 130

3.18 Pottery and metalwork from Risby. 131

3.19 Fields with Roman pottery near possible line of Margary 813. 132

3.20 Distribution of RB material. Risby Fields 1-5. 133

3.21 Burn Park Farm. Field 1 AP features. 134

3.22 Cottingham£· 1600. 135

3.23 Burn Park Farm. Areas field-walked. 136

3.24 Burn Park Farm. Distribution of post- mediaeval pottery south of farm complex. 137

3.25 Burn Park Farm. Field 1, initial survey. 138

3.26 Burn Park Farm. Field 3. Distribution of IA/RB pottery. 139

3.27 Burn Park Farm. Field 1. Distribution of line-walked RB pottery. 140

3.28 Burn Park Farm. Field 1. Pottery distribution, Lines 1-3. 141 - 5 - Page

3.29 Burn Park Farm. IA/RB pottery distribution. Field 3 gridded scatter. 142-145

3.30a Burn Park Farm. Distribution of Fabric B pottery. 146

3.30b Burn Park Farm. Fabric B sherds within gridded seat ter. 146

3.31 Burn Park Farm. Pottery distribution, all IA/RB fabrics. 147

3.32 Fabric B pottery from Burn Park Farm. 148

3.33 Coin-hoard container from Swine. 149

3.34 Location of High Eske Farm. 150

3.35 High Eske Farm. Area field-walked. 151

3.36 High Eske Farm. Field 3. 152

3.37 High Eske Farm. Pottery histogram 1. 153

3.38 High Eske Farm. Pottery histogram 2. 154

3.39 Greylees Avenue (1984) in relation to Late !A and RB sites and findspots within Hull city boundary, as published by Loughlin and Miller 1979. 155

3.40 Greylees Avenue 1984. Diagrammatic representation of excavator's phasing. 156

- 6 - Page

3.41 Greylees Avenue 1984. Feature 1, section 2. 157

3.42 Greylees Avenue 1984. Feature 1, section 2. Emended stratigraphic relationships. 158

3.43 Greylees Avenue in relation to late IA and RB sites and findspots from Hull, as recorded before 1984. 159

3.44 The Hull valley. Main elements of natural drainage system. 160

3.45 Holderness in A.D. 400, after J. Sheppard. 161

3.46 Greyware jar from National Avenue, Hull, G.61. 162

3.47 West bank RB settlement focus. 163

3.48 Hull alluvium deposit. IA and RB finds in relation to the height of the buried till surface. 164

3.49 Postulated tidal levels in the Humber in the Roman period. 165

3.50 Early mediaeval hamlets on alluvium east of the Hull; with RB finds from Marfleet. 166

3.51 The lower Hull valley. Location of civil parishes. 167 - 7 - LIST OF CIVIL PARISHES All parishes which lie wholly or in part within the study area are listed below, with parish codes employed by Loughlin and Miller 1979. For location of parishes, see fig. 3.51.

BEVERLEY BLY BILTON BLN BISHOP BURTON BB BURTON CONSTABLE BC CHERRY BURTON CB CONISTON CSN ELLEREY EY ETTON ETN HALTEMPRICE HPE HATFIELD HD HULL (no code) LECONFIELD LFD LOCKINGTON LKN MOLESCROFT HC NORTH FERRIBY NF PAULL PL PRESTON PSN RISE RE RISTON RTN ROUTH RH ROWLEY RY SKID BY SDY SKIRLAUGH SH SWANLAND SD SWINE SWE TICK TON TTN WALKINGTON WKN WAWNE WHE WELTON WLN WITHERNWICK WNK WOODMANSEY WY - 8 - APPENDIX 1. THE GAZETTEER.

Introduction

The Gazetteer is intended to be a full and critical record of Iron Age and Romano-British sites and findspots in the study area. In the cause of future research the small amount of Anglian material from the study area has also been recorded. The Gazetteer constitutes the database which had to be constructed before the present research could take place, and augments and corrects previous published sources such as Loughlin and Miller 1979. The latter recorded few material finds from the study area but was a comprehensive guide to sites known from aerial photography, and it is from this work that most of the AP sites lis ted below have been selected and categorised. It is hoped that the present compilation, by bringing together in one place the main sources of data (aerial photographic, artefactual, bibliographical and documentary/historical), will prove a useable and useful tool for further research. The Gazetteer contains 221 entries, of which 121 (55 %) are not recorded in Loughlin and Miller 1979. Some 72 entries (33 %) are published here for the first time, many of them relating to material finds within the city of Hull. Much attention has been paid to the correction of various classes of error, whether of fact or assumption, in previous printed sources, and it is hoped that the full critical apparatus will enable both artefactual material and sources of information to be easily located.

- 9 - The entries are organised by civil parish, listed in alphabetical order. Each parish section is headed by the full parish name followed by a two- or'three-letter parish code in brackets. These codes are those adopted by Loughlin and Miller 1979. Parishes can be located by referring to fig. 3. 51, where the same codes are employed. A list of parishes all or part of which lie within the study area, with parish codes, immediately precedes this Gazetteer.

Within each parish, entries are listed according to NGR, moving from west to east and south to north. Entries which can be provenanced no more closely than to a particular parish appear at the end of each parish section (~·&· "Swine provenance"). General remarks or notes about the archaeology of a parish may appear at the beginning or end of a parish section. Material added to the Gazetteer after September 1988 (G.197 ff) is not organised by parish but simply as a list of addenda.

The top line of each entry consists of the following items of information (working from the left):

1. The unique Gazetteer reference number (prefaced by "G." when it appears in the body of the text).

2. The National Grid Reference (NGR) of the site or findspot. These vary from four- to eight-figure references and may be further qualified by words such as "area", "centre" or "approx." in brackets below the line. A superscript asterisk after the NGR denotes that the site or find does not appear in Loughlin and Miller 1979. An underlined NGR signifies that the location is outside the formal limits of the study area.

- 10- 3. A letter/number code categorising the entry, as follows:

AP = site known from aerial photographs. These are subdivided into Categories 1 and 2, according to the level of confidence with which they can be ascribed to the !A and/or RB periods. APl thus denotes sites which can be ascribed to the period with a high degree of confidence on morphological grounds, while AP2 is reserved for sites which, although not certainly of the period, merit consideration for a variety of reasons. They are often isolated features of types for which a broad date-range would be possible, or fragmentary crop-/soil-marks in proximity to more obviously IA/RB complexes.

EVl = earthworks.

EXC = excavated site or material.

MAT =material find(s).

Combinations of these codes are employed, ~·K· APl/EVl, MAT/EXC.

4. A period code, as follows:

!A = Iron Age

RB = Romano-British

AS = Anglian

It should be noted that these codes are chronological and do not necessarily relate to material culture.

- 11- Thus, a Sassanian coin of the fifth- to seventh-century A.D. (G.3) is coded AS.

The following abbreviations are used in the text:

BM British Museum

DOE Department of the Environment

ERAS East Riding Archaeological Society

HCCAU Humberside County Council Archaeology Unit

HM Hull Museums

HMSI Hull Museums' Site Index

ID Identification

KINCM The Museum Documentation Association code for Hull Museums, which prefaces· all Hull Museums Accession Numbers

NGR National Grid reference

OSSI Ordnance Survey Site Index

RCHM Royal Commission for Historical Monuments

SMR Sites and Monuments Record

Any abbreviations not listed here are in common use.

The system of bibliographical references employed is the same as in the main body of the text (i.~. author and year) except that references to archaeological

- 12- registers in various journals are given in full, ~·&· Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society 2/2 (Second Series, 1966), 3.

- 13- BEVERLEY (BLY)

1. TA 015395 AP1/EW RB (centre)

Beverley Westwood. Extensive area of earthworks and cropmarks, including: a double-ditched rectangular enclosure south of the racecourse grandstand ; a large square enclosure centrally in Burton Bushes (TA 012394); fragmentary rectilinear earthworks between. All probably RB. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 23.

2. TA 020390 AP1/EW IA/RB (centre)

Beverley Westwood. Extensive area of earthworks and cropmarks. Complex and sharply angled entrenchments, possibly IA, enclose on the west, east and north an area of multi-period features including: RB rectilinear features, and eight probable and four possible IA square and round barrows, two of which (one containing a cart-burial) were excavated by Greenwell in 18 7 5. All are referred to as square by Loughlin and Miller 1979, as also by English 1982, though the cart burial was under a round mound 21' in diameter (Stead 1965, 91). For the grave-goods see section 2.3.2. Also "an apparent road-line of unknown date" close to the above mentioned entrenchments. (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 23). Thirteen square barrows are listed by English (1982, 6, n.3) at the following NGRs: TA 01933903 (group of seven, including the cart-burial); 01993921 (group of two); 02023897; 02133886; and 01893881. See Greenwell and Rolleston 1877, Greenwell 1906, and Stead 1965 and 1979.

- 14- 3. TA 02713933* MAT AS

Beverley Westwood. 1982. AR Sassanian (?) coin of the 5th-7th centuries A.D., found "in clod of earth in area of shallow old ground disturbance". HM records, and photographic negative file nos 2535/6. In finder's possession.

4. TA 030405* MAT RB (approx.)

Pighill Lane (now Manor Road, v. Miller et al. 1982, . - -- 83). "Two Roman coins" found when "the foundations of some old buildings at the end of Pighill Lane were dug up in 1824" (Oliver 1829, 511, n.14). The buildings were possibly part of the fourteenth-century manor of Pighill, which lay in the parish of Molescroft at the above NGR, and was reached from Beverley town via Pighill Lane (Varley 1975, 12). Only ~ coin, "a copper coin of Vespatian (sic)" is recorded by Poulson (1829, i, 16), and he is followed in this by Sheahan and Wellan (1856, ii, 169). Field ownership details given by Poulson might enable a more exact findspot to be established. Bulmer (1892, 309) records a coin of Vespasian "and another of Constantine", "about 1829". There seems to be no authority for such an ascription of the second coin.

5. TA 031399* MAT/EXC RB

Wylies Road. 1985. Excavations at the mediaeval town-ditch by HCCAU revealed a Roman ditch cut into a high gravel subsoil, and containing second- to fourth­ century pottery. Humber side Archaeology Unit 1985, 10-13, figs 4-5; Armstrong 1985, 4; Britannia 17 (1986) 385.

- 15- 6. TA 032396* MAT RB

Saturday Market Place. 1863. "Several mementoes of a bygone age" including "some" Roman coins, during ~ilding work. The Beverley Guardian and East Riding Advertiser, 12th September 1863; English 1982, 3, and 6 n.3.

7. TA 034396* MAT/EXC RB (approx.)

Dyer Lane. 1982. Four RB sherds, including one samian, and an AR denarius of Septimius Severus, during excavations by HCCAU. Pers. comm. P.Armstrong. Armstrong 1985, 4.

8. TA 037389* MAT RB

Long Lane. Circa 1970. Second- and third-century greywares and one sherd of a Dr. 3 7. Finder believed material derived from soil imported to fill a drain on the east side of the lane. Same finder as for G. 31 (_g_.v.). HM ID 1409 of 30.4.1986. Material in HM. KINCM:1663.1986.

9. TA 038392* MAT/EXC RB (approx.)

Lurk Lane. 1979-1982. Excavations by HCCAU. Fragments of RB pottery, including part of a triple vase and two sherds of samian. Also, from eighth- or ninth-century levels, RB brick/tile re-used as kiln­ lining; a brick hollowed out into an ingot mould; a sherd of "rubbed-down" samian; a counter cut from the base of a Nene Valley colour-coated beaker_; and a glass tessera. Armstrong 1989. For site background see Armstrong 1980; Armstrong 1985, 4; Armstrong, Tomlinson and Evans 1989.

- 16- 10. TA 038393* MAT/EXC RB (approx.)

Eas tga te. 1984-1986. Excavations by HCCAU. Sherds of samian and coarse pottery (the latter including colour-coated and rough-cast beakers); RB brick/tile; and two coins (one of them fourth-century). Armstrong and Didsbury 1990; Evans, D.H., 1990.

11. TA 051396* MAT RB (approx)

Grovehill area. (The word "Grovehill" is centred on the above NGR on OS 1:25000 First Series Sheet TA 03). Oliver (1829, 18, 18 n.3, and 297 n.80) records the "tradition" that Grovehill was a Roman "landing-place" and notes that "Roman coins and other antiquities have, at different times, been dug up in this place" (my italics). Oliver seems not to have been used by Clark (1935); and English (1982, 3 and 6 n.3), while quoting Oliver (with incorrect page references), ignores his claim that Roman coins have also been found "on the opposite side of the river from Grovehill", i.e. in Tickton parish, around TA 051 396, approx. Since IA and RB occupation is now known only a short distance north of this point ( v. G.l 59), greater credibility may possibly be accorded to Oliver's claim for finds in Grovehill itself.

12. TA 054397* MAT RB?

Revetting of the banks of the R.Hull, formed of horizontally-laid woven withies, found 1947. Considered by T.Sheppard to be Roman, though why is unclear. English 1982, 6 n.3.

- 17- 13. BLY provenance * MAT RB (Westwood)

An AE sestertius, Greek provincial issue, of Lucius Septimius Geta. In finder's possession. HM ID of 19.9.1979.

14. BLY provenance * MAT RB

"Beverley area". A follis of Constantine I, coin minted A.D. 306-313. In finder's possession. HM ID no. 488 of 18.5.1984.

15. BLY provenance * MAT RB

"In the Stephenson collection of Beverley antiquities, two or three Roman objects occur: there is a fine fibula found outside Beverley, and two small vases (one of a very interesting character), which were excavated at Pocklington". ( T. Sheppard 1907, 61). This can only be interpreted as meaning that only one Roman object, the fibula, is from the vicinity of Beverley. In T.Sheppard 1908, 9, it is simply stated that Stephenson found no Roman objects while watching drainage operations in the town itself. Clark (1935, 65) derives from both Sheppard texts. Bulmer (1892, 309) claims that "one or two" Roman coins were found during deep drainage excavations in 1891, but gives no authority for this. English (1982, 3) follows Bulmer, her other references (English 1982, 6 n. 3) relating not to Roman coins but to the fibula and assorted mediaeval material. For Stephenson's work in Beverley see Stephenson 1895. Most of his collection, with all the relevant documentation, was lost in the wartime destruction of HM.

- 18- NOTES (BLY)

1. In addition to the above Beverley finds, there are coins of Gallienus, Probus, and Constantine found on the road between Beverley and Hayton "at various spots" (Clark 1935, 65; Whiting 1969, 68. See also G.25).

2. For further Beverley entries see G.198, 208.

BILTON (BLN)

16. TA 159318 AP2 IA/RB?

"Virtually square, ditched enclosure, visible as cropmark". Possibly a mediaeval moated site, given other such sites in the parish. Loughlin and Miller 1979, so.

BISHOP BURTON (BB)

17. SE 950397 AP1 IA

"Large isolated square barrow." Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

- 19- 18. SE 965405 AP2 IA/RB (centre)

Field ditches and at least two squarish enclosures. A long, irregular, possible boundary ditch to the NW. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

19. SE 968398 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Several squarish ditched enclosures, centred on a trackway, with accompanying field-ditches. Several settlement-type disturbances within main complex. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

20. SE 979381 AP1 RB (centre)

Length of NE-SW Roman road, from Cold Harbour Farm to a point SW of Bishop Burton village. Very straight alignment, also visible as cropmarks at SE 963378 (according to Loughlin and Miller, but it must be 973378 to be on line). Projects to J01n the junction of the Brough-York (Mar gary 2e) and Brough-Mal ton (Mar gary 29) roads at South Newbald. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

21. SE 982392 APl IA/RB (centre)

"Complex cropmark area". Many linear ditches, occasionally forming enclosed areas. At least two square barrows, and two ring-ditches, one of which lies below the Roman road (G.20). Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

- 20- 22. SE 985385 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

"Double-ditched feature, along a NE-SW oriented dale. Triple ditches and other ditches to S and double­ ditched trackways with attached enclosures and field ditches to N". Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

23. SE 988391 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Sinuous double-ditched trackway, from G.22, where it is triple, heading towards east side of Bishop Burton village. Extensive area of regular ditched enclosures and field-ditches to the north, south of the village. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24.

24. BB provenance MAT RB

"Bishop Burton Field". Discovery of two tessellated pavements during ploughing, circa 1721 or earlier. The pavements were not in adjacent fields, and the presence of two buildings in a substantial villa complex is usually assumed. Clark 1935, 67; Ramm 1978, 99; Waugh 1984. (For original sources see Clark).

25. BB provenance MAT RB

A gold coin of Constantius II, 1913. Found on the grass verge of the York-Beverley road, "about 1~ miles from Beverley between the Westwood gates and Bishop Burton". Clark 193 5, 65 (sub Beverley). See also note following G.15 for other coin finds along this road.

- 21- 26. BB provenance MAT RB

" several coins were found when a new road to the Hall was cut through the Park bank about 1930". Loughlin and Miller 1979, 24; OSSI; HMSI records seven coins and the informant's address. (The Hall, now an agricultural college, lies at SE 985401. The Park bank is cut by roads or tracks at SE 98174053 and SE 98734075. OS 1:10000, Sheet 94 SE).

Notes (BB)

1. G. 20-23 are regarded by Loughlin and Miller as constituting an agricultural and settlement complex of "primary significance" for the study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22).

BURTON CONSTABLE (BC)

No sites or finds are recorded from this parish.

CHERRY BURTON (CB)

27. SE 967420 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Cropmark complex. Large no. of features, including one linear. Several enclosures, some alongside north-

- 22- south double-ditched trackway. Similar trackway, without apparent settlement traces, heading east. Nothing on ground 1972. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 25 (noted as site of "primary significance" for period, p.22).

28. SE 971420 AP2 IA/RB? (centre)

"NE-SW double-ditch - possible trackway". Loughlin and Miller 1979, 25.

29. SE 98654164* MAT RB

102 The Meadows, Cherry Burton. 1974. Coin (AE3) of Valentinian I found at "new bungalow". In finder 1 s possession. HM records and map coverage.

30. SE 989432 AP2 IA/RB?

"Almost square, very clear, ditched enclosure with rounded corners and a few other ditches". Loughlin and Miller 1979, 25.

31. SE 991421* MAT RB

"On site of infants 1 school, Cherry Burton", before 1979. A large copper alloy trumpet fibula, Type R (ii) (Collingwood and Richmond 1969), with floruit in first half of second century A.D. HM ID form of 19.4.1979, found 1985 with object still awaiting collection. Same informant as G.8, who has since donated the object to Hull Museums.

- 23- NOTES (CB)

1. For further CB entries see G.209, 210.

CONISTON (CSN)

32. TA 159361 AP2 IA/RB (centre)

Somewhat curving linear ditches, one running SW from an enclosure complex, with ditches attached. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 52. IA/RB, or earlier?

ELLERBY (EY)

No sites or finds are recorded from this parish.

ETTON (ETN)

Note: All indications of IA/RB settlement in this parish lie to the west or north of the study area. For sites not recorded below, see Loughlin and Miller 1979, 28-29. G. 33 I 34 is recorded below because it seems not to have entered HM or HCCAU SMRs.

- 24- 33/34. SE 935439* MAT RB (approx.)

Scatter of coarse grey RB pottery slightly north of round barrows centred on this NGR, c.l965. Dr Ian Kinnes "was told by Rod Mackey of a scatter of Roman pottery in the same field as three of the barrows" (information given to author by I.J.Thorpe, in litt., 3.1.1985). One of the barrows had been destroyed by the ditch of a linear earthwork. RB pottery is also included in some rna terial from the DMV of Old Arras (SE 935423) in HM, KINCM:54.62, under "Wallis Grange".

35. SE 955424 AP1 IA

Widely dispersed ditches, two trackway features, two possible enclosures, and a large square barrow. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 28.

36. SE 980436 MAT/EXC RB (area)

RB "corn-drying kiln", animal bones, quernstone and pottery. c. 1874. "T"-shaped (Morris 1979, 90). Mortimer 1905, 342-3. See Clark 1935 for references to, and quotations from, contemporary new·spaper descriptions.

37. Etton provenance MAT/EXC AS

Anglian inhumation cemetery, cut by the Market Weighton to Beverley railway in the mid-nineteenth century. Over 50 inhumations. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

- 25- HALTEMPRICE (HPE)

38. TA 007304 AP2 IA/RB? (centre)

"Poor ditch traces including enclosures, just S of parish boundary". Loughlin and Miller 1979.

39. TA 010305* MAT RB

Slight 1 s Garden Centre, Willerby. Copper-alloy statuette of an actor, wearing a Greek robe and the wide-mouthed mask of a comic character. First or second century A. D. Found after sub-soiling 1976. Also part of the rim of a copper-alloy bowl and possible bronze-casting fragments. No rna terial on ground, February 1985 (author 1 s fieldwork). On loan to HM, where it is on display. HM records and map coverage, and information from finder. Didsbury 1988, 25.

40. TA 016256* MAT IA?

"Chalk-pit below Hesslewood". Per fora ted chalk pendant, ovoid in plan, decorated with three incised concentric circles on one face, the inner circle being subdivided by an incised cross, slightly offset. Supposed to HM records to be Iron Age, but original documentation lost in wartime destruction of the Museum. KINCM:3023.42.

41. TA 01982984 MAT RB

Garden of Alexander Lodge, Kirkella. Romano-British pottery, October 1911, identified as such by Thomas Sheppard. OSS1 Antiquity No. TA 02 NW 12. Present whereabouts unknown. Not in Wilson-Barkworth

- 26- Collection in Hull Reference Library, as supposed by OSS1. Possible wartime loss from HM. (See also G.44).

42. TA 0226* MAT RB

"Halcyon", Heads Lane, Hessle. Seven third- and fourth-century coins "from ten square metres of back garden". Identifiable are coins of Claudius Gothicus (1), Constans (2) and Valentinian I (2). (In finder's possession). HM ID 216 of 23.8.1983.

43. TA 021265 MAT AS (centre)

"Two bead necklaces, mainly amber, and fragments of two Anglian accessory vessels, on new school site, Tranby House, Heads Lane, 1952. No bones seen". Loughlin and Miller 1979. Some finds in HM (KINCM:92.53), some at the school. Hull Daily Mail 16.10.1952; Hull Museums 1966, 14 (item 57).

44. TA 021308* MAT RB

Willerby. Single sherd of Romano-British pottery, November 1912, identified by Thomas Sheppard. OSSI Antiquity No. TA 03 SW 3. Position "only approximate". NGR = "the north end of the western half of the field in which is Victoria Avenue". Eight-figure OSSI NGR is for mediaeval material from same area. Not in Wilson-Barkworth collection in Hull Reference Library, as supposed by OSSI. Possible wartime loss from HM. Loughlin and Miller 1979 record mediaeval finds only. (See also G.41).

- 27- 45. TA 02682998* MAT RB

Garden of 215 Kingston Rd, Willerby. Follis of Constantine I. HM records and map coverage. KINCM:102.60. Presumably same as Whiting 1969, 76.

46. TA 027313 AP 2 IA/RB? (centre)

Trackway, linear features, possible trapezoidal ditched enclosure, and ditch traces. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

4 7. TA 02762961* MAT RB

Wolfreton Garth, Willerby. Romano-British pottery from a drainage trench, 1969. Includes two Huntcliff­ ware cooking-pot rims, Holme-upon-Spalding-Moor greywares, one sherd of Nene Valley colour-coated ware, and a mortarium fragment which is probably second-century (close in form to Gillam Type 242). In Eagles 1979 as at TA 02 762972. HM records and map coverage. KINCM: 18.69.1=32.

48. TA 033264 MAT AS (centre)

"Anglian cist of chalk slabs under church tower, Hessle, no finds recorded" (Loughlin and Miller 1979). The dating seems questionable: "Mr Pease, some years ago, presented a very interesting coffin attributed to be of Anglo-Saxon date; it is in the form of a cist, composed of slabs of chalk, and was found under the tower at Hessle church during some excavations" - T.Sheppard 1907, 64.

- 28- 49. TA 035256* MAT RB

Hessle Haven. First-century ceramic picture-lamp (head of Medusa?) found 1977, exposed in foreshore bank just west of Haven. Also four coins: antoninani of Claudius Gothicus, Tetricus II, Maximianus, and an AE 3/4 of Constantine I. Also copper-alloy terminal (?) of unknown function or period. Relation of coins and terminal to lamp unknown. In HM. KINCM:1568.1986.1=8. HM correspondence and donor's field-notes.

50. TA 035285* MAT RB

Garden of 3 Anlafgate, Anlaby. Orichalcum sestertius of Hadrian. (In finder's possession). HM ID 545 of 18.7.1985.

51. TA 0326* MAT IA

Hessle. Copper-alloy Colchester fibula, found 1846. Originally in Scarborough Museum, whose records give its provenance as "an old Roman road at Hessle". (In this context perhaps worth noting that OSSI records a "chalk causeway" found in 1936 at TA 032262). Stead 1971, 41, fig. 8, no.2. KINCM: 177.64. 1=2.

52. TA 0328* MAT RB

Anlaby. 1961 (Whiting 1969, 68). "A follis of(?) Maximinianus" (sic). Presumably Maximianus or Maximinus II Daia. In finder's possession. Reported by HM. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, 2nd series, Vol II, pt 1, 1964, 41. No record in HM.

- 29- 53. TA 03892889* MAT/EXC RB

Moat Hill, Anlaby. AE coin of Cons tan tine I, found during excavation of moa ted site, 19 54. Also three sherds of "probable" Crambeck-ware. Material not deposited with HM. Thompson 1956, 76.

54. TA 04293145* MAT RB

Hal temprice Priory. Surface find, 1967. Mortarium fragment dated to second century by HM. Closest Gillam Type is 272 (A.D. 190-300). KINCM:4.67. HM records and map coverage.

55. TA 048329* MAT RB (approx.)

Church House, Poor House Lane, Cottingham. Third­ century pottery found some years before 1985 at depth of 8ft (2.4m) while excavating drains. Includes carinated bowl and Dales Ware jar. HM ID 547 of 31.7. 1985. KINCM:469.1985.1=24.

56. TA 05363213 MAT IA

Snuffmill Lane. Copper alloy terret of simple form with thick bar and unemphasised collars. Found 1964, during excavation of telephone trench. "Late first­ century A.D.?" (HM records). NGR as HM map coverage. NGR of HM Accession Register corrected (from TA 154321) by Loughlin and Miller 1979. First published in Hull Museums 1966, 9, i tern 36. Not lis ted in Macgregor 1976.

57. TA 08113438 MAT RB

Silver trumpet fibula from west bank of R. Hull, some years before 1974. No longer in finder's possession,

- 30- though has photograph. HM records, map coverage, and information from finder.

58. Cottingham provenance * MAT RB

From private land in Cottingham, between 1971 and 1974, a "small bronze" coin of Constantine " in almost mint condition". Letter of 30.10.1974 from Chairman of the "Antiquity Research Association" (a metal detecting club) to P. Armstrong. Copy in HM files. Coin in private possession.

NOTES (HPE)

1. For further HPE entries see G.197, 206, 216.

HATFIELD (HD)

59. TA 1842* MAT RB

A farm at Great Hatfield. Possible Roman Sword found, circa 1956. " ••• the corroded iron object .••• certainly looked like the damaged blade of a gladius". (Letter from P. Wenham, quoted in OSSI). OSSI Antiquity No. TA 14 SE 9. Present whereabouts unknown.

HULL (no code)

60. TA 04392671* MAT RB

13 Benedict Rd. Illegible third-century radiate. HM records. KINCM:116.61.

- 31- 61. TA 06633039* MAT RB

Newbould's Bakery, National Avenue. A small greyware jar or beaker (fig.3.46) from a depth of 7' (2.1m) "in black silt on clay", 1961. Early to mid-second century. Described as "third-century jug" in Eagles 1979, 437. KINCM:37.61. HM records, map coverage and Hull Museums 1966, 12, item 45. See fig. 3.46.

62. TA 06772942* MAT RB

270 Alliance Avenue, 1972. AE sestertius of Maximinus I. HM records and map coverage. In fipder's possession.

63. TA 07293081* MAT RB

8 Loveridge Avenue. Follis of Cons tan tine I. In finder's possession. Shewn to HM in 1965, but details no longer extant in HM records. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, part II, 1966, 63; Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, Vol. XLII, part 165, 1967, 2 (Register, with incorrect NGR, and as Constantius). Whiting 1969, 72.

64. TA 0732* MAT RB (area)

21st Avenue area, garden find. A copper as of Domi tian as Caesar, probably under Vespasian. HM ID 1423 of 23.6.1986. In finder's possession.

65. TA 07722966 MAT RB

Thoresby St, 1900. A complete greyware jar supposedly of Crambeck type, with countersunk handles and lattice ornament, found while excavating foundations for a laundry tower (T.Sheppard 1912, with photograph).

- 32- Found "embedded in Humber silt" (T.Sheppard 1931). Find is reduplicated in Loughlin and Miller 1979, appearing under NGRs TA 077296 ("Iron Age pot") and TA 080298 ("Crambeck type jar"); error stems from similar confusion in OSS1 (Antiquity nos TA 02 NE 1 and TA 02 NE 13), and ultimately from the object's description as "Late Celtic" in T.Sheppard 1912. Vivien Swann ( pers. comm. ) considers it most likely to be third­ century. KINCM:1170.1986.

66. TA 07793352* MAT RB

Tesco development site, Queensway. Greyware base sherd, Romano-British, and Bronze Age sherds and flintwork. Author's fieldwork, March 1986. Britannia 17 (1986) 386. To be deposited in Hull Museums.

67. TA 078275* MAT RB (approx.)

11 Milton Grove, Subway St. Third-century AE coin with traces of silvering on reverse. HM ID 256 of 25.4.1983. In finder's possession.

68. TA 07983316* MAT RB

29 Watton Grove, before 1970. AE sestertius of Julia Damna. In finder's possession. HM records.

69. TA 079341* MAT/EXC RB

Greylees Avenue. Ditches containing second- to fourth-century pottery, animal bone, building materials and personalia. Excavated by HM, 1984. Crowther and Didsbury 1985, 11-16. Britannia 16 (1985) 281. KINCM:351.1984.

- 33- 70. TA 0828* MAT RB (area)

Coltman Street area. AE coin of Julian II. Found by school-child with metal detector. (In finder's possession). HM ID 400 of 28.1.1984, and information from child's headmistress.

71. TA 0829* MAT RB (area)

Garden in the Spring Bank area. Orichalcum sestertius of Vespasian. (In finder's possession). HM ID 403 of 12.12.1983.

72. TA 08042942* MAT IA

Hymers Avenue, £· 1977. Iron sword with cast bronze hilt, La Tene' II. Similar examples known from Grimthorpe (North Humberside) and North Grimston (North Yorkshire). For latter, see Mortimer 1905, 150. Some doubt as to whether in situ. In finder's possession. HM records ( ID of 24.4.1981) and Dent 1983 (a).

73. TA 080327* MAT RB (approx.)

Endyke Lane School. Romano-British grey and oxidised wares dredged from Barmston Drain, 1955. Finder remembers original collection as being much more substantial than the six sherds now in HM. Appears in Eagles 1979, 435 as a Haltemprice entry with incorrect NGR (TA 059327). KINCM:216:62. Hull Museums 1966, 12, item 48.

- 34- 74. TA 081318* MAT RB (approx.)

Allotments between Cranbrook and Auckland Avenues, before 1939. A sestertius of Trajan, very worn. HM records. KINCM:11.71.

75. TA 08113203* MAT RB

73 Inglemire Avenue. Most of a small greyware base, "probably third-century A.D" (HM records). Not located in HM as of June 1986. KINCM:55.74.

76. TA 08553371 MAT RB

Sewage ~vorks, "Scruton's Building Site", north of Haworth Hall on west bank of R. Hull, 1962. Substantial quantities of second- to fourth-century pottery, a corpus very similar in composition to that from Greylees Avenue, G. 69. Site codes HH and HA, KINCM:152.62. Apparent confusion in Eagles 1979, 152 & 43 7 with G. 78. Incorrect NGR ( TA 10833 7) in parts of HM records repeated in Loughlin and Miller 19 79. Precise NGR after discussion with original informant. Some material still on ground February 1985 (author's fieldwork). No site notes or plans extant in either HM or ERAS records. Hull Museums 1966, 12, item 46. See further G.203, 205.

77. TA 08603338* MAT RB

17 Oxenhope Road. AE sestertius of Faustina Junior. In finder's possession. HM records ( ID and correspondence of 9.7.1980).

- 35- 78. TA 08803376 MAT RB 08833375 08843373

Sutton Sewage Works, Frog Hall Lane, on east bank of R. Hull, 1964. Second- to third-century pottery, 3' (0.91m) below present embankment of R. Hull. Additional material 1965. KINCM:154.64. HM records and map coverage. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Vol. XLI, part 163, 1965, 331; Hull Museums 1966, 12, item 47. (See G.76).

79. TA 089284* MAT RB (approx.)

Goodwin Street, about 1930. A sestertius of Antoninus Pius. In finder's possession. HM records.

80. TA 091321* MAT RB (approx.)

Oak Road Recreation Ground, 1985. AE antoninianus with traces of silver wash. Gallienus. In finder's possession. HM ID 1337 of 16.1.1985.

81. TA 09483180 MAT RB

Near Croda Oil Works, probably 1972. Third-century (?) bowl from "in the bank" of the River Hull. Also greyware base of another vessel. Above NGR from HM map coverage. NGR TA 097317 in Loughlin and Miller 1979. KINCH:7.73a) and b). HM records.

82. TA 095284* MAT/EXC AS

Excavations in Sewer Lane, 1974. A spiral-headed bronze pin from a fifteenth-century layer (Armstrong 1977, fig. 28, no. 114) is now regarded by the

- 36- excavator as Saxon (P. Armstrong, pers. ~.) Hawkes has shewn that such pins are generally to be regarded as of the seventh century (Detsicas and Hawkes 1973), though Pretty has claimed a native British origin for some of them (Pretty 1972). See also examples from Portchester Castle (Cunliffe 1976a). Material in HM.

83. TA 09842852* MAT RB

Fish Street. 197 4. Rim-sherd of a dark greyware jar from excavations in Fish Street/South Church side (site code FS/SCS 74) vms regarded by excavator as Roman (Peter Armstrong, Humberside County Council Archaeology Unit, pers. comm.) From context 7, a post-mediaeval robber trench. Material in Hull Museums. No accession number.

84. TA 098296* MAT RB (approx.)

Green Lane, Wincolmlee. AE dupondius or ~ of late first or early second century A.D. From drainage trench. KINCM:5.67. HM records. Whiting 1969, 72.

85. TA 098312* MAT RB (approx.)

" .•••. a copper plate, found in digging at the Sculcotes gas-works .•.•. " (Jukes 1860). Supposed to be Roman, and listed with objects of undoubted Roman date. Text suggests the object came from a former channel of the River Hull. The works was built 1826 (Hunt 1877, 31). Present whereabouts of item unknown.

- 37- 86. TA 09843563 MAT/EXC RB

North Bransholme (south of Wawne Lodge), 1975. 40' (12.1m) stretch of Roman ditch revealed during road constructions. Reported by City Engineer and excavated and recorded by P. Armstrong, 27.9.1975. Pottery probably third-century. "Other indications of Roman settlement reported in the same vicinity by site workmen" (HM map coverage). Above lOrn AOD on boulder­ clay moraine. (Finds, plans and transparencies in HM. (No Accession No.).

87. TA 09863622 MAT RB

Bransholme, 1969. AE sestertius of Marcus Aurelius found on a field. Alternative, and less probable, NGR in HM records is TA 102364. In finder's possession. HM records and map coverage. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Volume II, part IV, 1970, 30 (as of Wawne parish).

88. TA 100282* MAT RB

Humber Street. Excavations by HM, 1964. A sherd of rusticated ware. KINCM:40.64.31. HM records and Bartlett 1971, 26.

89. TA 10002839* MAT/EXC RB

Excavations in High Street /Blackfriarga te (site code HB2) by Humber side County Council Archaeology Unit, 19 76. A ses tertius of Domi tian, from context 381, 6.6.1976. P. Armstrong, pers. comm. Archibald 1987, 226.

- 38- 90. TA 10022830* MAT/EXC RB

North Walls. Excavations by HM at site of mediaeval City walls, 1964. Two burnished greyware sherds, from contexts 12 (rampart clay) and 21. KINCM:60.69.20=21 (also bears Accession No. 1029.1986). Bartlett 1971, 26.

91. TA 102282* MAT RB

Sammy's Point (east bank of R. Hull at point of confluence with Humber). As of Germanicus struck by Claudius. KINCM:54.60. HM records. Whiting 1969, 68.

92. TA 102285* MAT RB

Old Harbour. Two Roman coins among many of all periods found during dredging in 1911. From "ancient cranch" laid down when mouth of Hull north of present position. ("Cranch - an accumulation of gravel, sand, grit etc. at the mouth of a harbour", O.E.D.). T.Sheppard 1911b, 3.

93. TA 107318 MAT RB

Foredyke Stream, at Foredyke Avenue, 1965. A sestertius of Faustina, found on the dyke edge. With incorrect NGR (TA 107308) in HM records, repeated by Loughlin and Miller 1979. As "Fosdyke Drain" in Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Vol. II, part II, 1966, 3. Whiting 1969, 68.

- 39- 94. TA 110324* MAT IA? (area)

Leads Road area. Part of the base of a large vessel and another sherd. Coarsely grit ted, handmade (?). KINCM:32.68. HM records.

95. TA 1229* MAT RB (area)

"A garden on Hedon Road". A coin of Antoninus Pius. KINCM:80.54. HM records. Whiting 1969, 72.

96. TA 126295* MAT RB

Hedon Road Cemetery (above NGR centre of), "some years" before 1971. AE sestertius of Septimius Severus. In finder's possession. HM records.

97. TA 136323 MAT/EXC/APl IA

Salthouse High School, Saltshouse Road. Late Iron Age settlement, excavated, prior to development, by ERAS, 1962. Three circular huts with central hearths, and one circular and one sub-rectangular ditched enclosure. Much coarse hand- and wheel-made pottery, and animal bone. Possibly of the first-century A.D. KINCM:l95.1962. RAF AP coverage (Photos 3038/3039, Run 337, Sortie 1069/UK/1666, 23.6.1946). HM records and map coverage; Hull Museums 1966, 11, item 44; Challis and Harding 1975. See site study, section 2.3.2.1.

98. TA 13773309* MAT RB

185 St John's Grove. Small AE coin of Constantine I,

-40- before 1959. In finder's possession. HM records. Bartlett 1959.

99. TA 1431 * MAT RB (area)

Bilton Grange area. Two barbarous radiates shewn to HM, 1965. In finder's possession. (No details extant in HM records). Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, Part II, 1966, 63. Whiting 1969, 72.

100. TA 14203289* MAT RB

2 Kyle Close. A coin (AE2) of Gratian, December 1970. In finder's possession. HM records and map coverage.

101. TA 14432962* MAT RB

Mar fleet, no date. HM map coverage has words "Ridge and furrow. Roman coins found", and informant's name and address, against this NGR. See also G.221.

102. TA 145304* MAT RB (approx.)

Eastern Cerne tery. Rornano-Bri tish pottery including sherds in "native tradition" and a greyware jar of the second or early third century. Found in HM store with ID form dated 1965. Not accessioned.

103. TA 1532* MAT RB (area)

Hull/Bilton. AE Coin of Constantius II. KINCM:164.62. Two entries in HM records, one giving Bilton provenance, other "found at Cyrene". Possible that HM realised not local when coin actually donated.

-41- From Bilton and "retained by finder" according to Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, Part I, 1964, 41. Whiting 1969, 69.

104. Hull provenance * MAT RB

A Roman (?) lamp from excavations to build docks in the nineteenth century. Thought by Thomas Sheppard to be "a relic obtained by an early collector", "a forgery", "a souvenir procured by some early traveller" (T.Sheppard 1911a, T.Sheppard 1912). Or, if the reader prefers, T.Sheppard 1902, 6, where it is undoubtedly Roman, from the Market Place, and a relic lost by some early collector. Apparently associated with seventeenth-century rubbish. Once in HM, present whereabouts unknown.

105. Hull provenance * MAT RB

A bill on te tradrachm of the "Roman Empire", third­ century A.D., mint of Alexandria. Shewn to HM 1965, but no details extant in HM records. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, part II, 63. Whiting 1969, 72.

106. Hull provenance * MAT RB

" according to a newspaper report a hoard of coins was found in a vase at Hull a little over a century ago" (T.Sheppard 1907, 60). Pre-1805, since paper read 22.2 .1905. It is possible that this hoard was actually found in Swine parish (see G. 207).

-42- 107. Hull provenance * MAT RB

A fourth-century AE coin shewn to HM Keeper of Archaeology, January 1985. Enquirer claimed Hull provenance but did not return for full identification. At about the same period, RB coin provenanced to "West Hull" on display in a local coin-dealer's window.

108. Hull provenance? * MAT RB

A sestertius of Antoninus Pius. Unclear whether of Hull provenance, or simply in possession of a Hull resident. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, Part III, 1968, 57.

109. Hull provenance MAT RB

Loughlin and Miller 1979, 64 ("No exact location") claim finds of a mortarium, Crambeck ware and animal bones, 1880, quoting Clark 1935 as authority. Such an entry does not appear in that source; form of words suggests that it derives, inexplicably, from the Clark 1935 entry for Thwing.

110. Hull provenance * MAT AS

"At" or "near" Hull, before 1751. A "somewhat barbarous Merovingian tremissis of Rodez" (South of France), gold. Dolley 1964, 18-19. Whiting 1969, 72.

111. TA 081342* MAT RB (approx.)

Sherds of "native ware" and fourth-century flagon from garden of a recently built house (1 Clover Bank View), found by Mr L. Barker, 1985. Exactly similar to wares from Greylees Avenue (G.69, ~·~·)· Also, apparently, a coin of Carausius. The house is c. lOOm north of

-43- Greylees Avenue. RB greywares can easily be discerned on the surface of flowerbeds over much of the housing estate. Material to be deposited in Hull Museums.

NOTES (Hull)

1. For further Hull entries see G.200-205, 211-212, 214, 217, 220.

LECONFIELD (LFD)

112. TA 0143 MAT RB (area)

"Here Glen" bungalow·, Leconfield. Precise location not traced. Cremation burial in "jar" reminiscent of Crambeck type 14a (Corder 1937). Present whereabouts unkown. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Vol. 35, 1940-43, 425.

113. TA 01554130* MAT RB/AS

Park House Farm, 1983. Huntcliff cooking pot rim, sherds of greyware, one of samian. Also a Saxon strap-end, possibly ninth-century. Author's fieldwork. Didsbury 1983b.

114. TA 02454190 MAT RB

Leconfield Aerodrome, 1969. Rim-sherd of Huntcliff­ ware found by A.H. Place. HM records (SMR). NGR followed by Loughlin and Miller 1979, but northing may be incorrect, since it locates the find some way south of the aerodrome.

-44- NOTES (LFD)

1. In addition to the above there is AP evidence for Iron Age/Romano-British settlement at Various sites in the north of the parish, some three km outside the study area (Loughlin and Miller 1979). Stead has surveyed the large (circa 120 barrows) square barrow cemetery at Scarborough (TA 019450), which he calls "the finest surviving monument" of the Arras culture. One barrow was trenched, as was a possible outlier at TA 012459. (Stead 1975).

LOCKINGTON (LKN)

115. SE 998440 MAT/EXC RB

Woodhouse Farm (Belagh), 1968. Pottery kiln producing greywares in second half of second century. Material in HM. No accession number. Lloyd 1968, and discussed by J.Evans 1985, 216-219.

116. TA 001453 MAT/EXC IA & RB

Winthorpe Manor, 1956. Some late IA and RB pottery recovered during excavation of the Manor. HM records. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

117. TA 00104720* MAT RB

Lockington School. Huntcliff vessel, apparently complete when found, other Huntcliff sherds, greywares and a mortarium fragment. Found during building of

-45- new school, 1967 or earlier. KINCM:48.67. HM records and Eagles 1979.

118. TA 029471 EH IA?

Possible square (or round) barrow site, marked on OS 1st Edition. HM records. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

119. TA 032470 EH !A

"S of Lockington Carr House, two square barrows, marked as mounds on OS 6in. ( RCHM)". Loughlin and Miller 1979.

MOLESCROFT (MC)

It is possible that Roman coins found in Pighill Lane (G.4, ~·~·)belong properly to this parish.

NORTH FERRIBY (NF)

NOTE

The important first-century A.D. site conventionally known as (Redcliff) North Ferriby (Corder and Davies­ Price 1938; Corder, Hright and Hright 1939) is actually situated in the adjacent parish of Welton, (q.~., G.l87). Occupation was clearly extensive along the north bank of the Humber in both parishes, however, as attested by the large number of finds from "Ferriby Foreshore" made by amateur archaeologists,

-46- metal detectorists, and other members of the public. The majority of these finds derives from the Welton stretch of the foreshore, though exact provenance is not always easy to establish. To avoid overburdening the gazetteer, "Ferriby Foreshore" finds are not listed separately here but are discussed in section 2.3.2.3, where "North Ferriby" forms the subject of a detailed site study.

120. SE 97562734 MAT RB

South of Melton Bottom quarry, 1841. RB brooch, bead and human bones. OSSI Antiquity No SE 92 E 11. No further details.

121. SE 980277 AP2 IA/RB?

Ovoid enclosure, cropmark visible on ground 1976. Information R. Mackey. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 32.

122. SE 983273 AP1 IA/RB

Double-ditched trackway, fields both sides, and large ancient quarry pit (?). Similar features on SW, one N-S trackway very regular. Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance" for the study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 32).

123. SE 986251 MAT IA (RB)

1967, possibly washed out of cliff. AE Colchester­ type fibula. HMSI. OSSI (Antiquity No. SE 92 NE 19. CBA 4 Annual News Sheet, 1967; Stead 1971, 39, 41, and fig. 8, no.1; Challis and Harding 1975, 40, and fig. 82. In HM. KINCM:67.67.

-47- 124. SE 99362530 MAT IA?

"Early British Pottery' possibly Iron Age II. OSSI (Antiquity No. SE 92 NE 8). No further details. See G.125, below.

125. SE 99682538 MAT IA?

"Early British Pottery, possibly Iron Age". OSSI (Antiquity No. SE 92 NE 9). No further details. See G.124, above. 0

126. SE 985255* MAT RB (approx.)

Garden of 55 Parkfield Drive, before 196 7. Coin (AE follis or AE 3) of Licinius I. Mint of Alexandria. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, 2nd Series, Vol. II, pt III, 1968, 57. In HM. KINCM:24.67.

127. SE 9826* MAT RB (area)

Gallo-Belgic pottery from a garden in North Ferri by village. Dona ted to HM by Mrs Dodds during 1986 season of excavation at Redcliff. Accessed as part of KINCM:1480.1986. PAULL (PL)

128. TA 179269 or MAT RB 181270*

"St Mary Magdalen's Leper Hospital, Newton Garth, Paull", 1984. Mediaeval rna terial collected by P. Hempel includes three weathered sherds of RB pottery, one apparently from a (non-calcite-tempered) Huntcliff-type jar, and one an unidentified colour­ coated ware. The hospital and the garth are some little way apart (above NGRs from Loughlin and Miller 1979, 56). Material in HM, no accession no. HM records. No other RB sites or finds are recorded from this parish.

PRESTON (PSN)

129. TA 16362833 MAT RB

Sal tend, 1965. Four sherds of a greyware bowl with lattice decoration, second- to early third-century, found during building work, in clay, at a depth of 4'- 6' (HM records vary); 1. 5m according to Loughlin and Miller 1979, 56, who give NGR as TA 164284. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 41 (1966) 5 59. In HM. KINCM:176.65

NOTES (PSN)

1. APs shew several sites of probable IA/RB settlement, in this parish, to the east of the

study area, for which ~· Loughlin and Miller 1979, 56. Note those centred on TA 192312, 194324, and 207294, the second of which is

-49- regarded (.2.£.. cit., 48) as a site of primary significance ·for the study of the period.

RISE (RSE)

130. Rise provenance MAT IA/RB

Pre-1885 (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 58 have "pre- 1906", but see T.Sheppard 1907 for early references), circumstances of discovery unknown. A copper-alloy bridle-bit of the "derivative 3 link" type, decorated with red and blue enamel and glass, and flecked with . .... gold. Very late Iron Age (La Tene III) or early Romano-British. Stead (1965, 65-66) thought possibly later than the Roman conquest of Lincolnshire (~. A.D. 4 7) and possibly also pre-Flavian. MacGregor (1976, item no. 10) thought Flavian. See also Greenwell 1906, 281 and British Museum 1925. Now in BM, ace. no. 66 7-14 2.

RISTON (RTN)

131. TA 108427 AP2 IA/RB?

Fragment of a large polygonal ditched enclosure, with an irregular field-system fragment to the east. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 58.

-50- ROUTH (RH)

132. TA 077415 AP2 IA/RB (centre)

Cropmarks of rectilinear ditch system, and some probable enclosures in a quite regular layout. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 33.

133-4 TA 095414/102415 APl IA/RB (centres)

Two areas of irregular ditches, an extension of G.l74 in Wawne parish. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 33.

ROWLEY (RY)

135. SE 958312 APl IA/RB

Extensive area of agricultural landscape cropmarks. Trackways, polygonal and rectilinear enclosures, linear ditch boundaries, one large ring ditch, many field ditches, north-west of Field House Farm. Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance" for study of period. (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 33).

136. SE 96573199 MAT IA?

Manor House Farm, Riplingham. (Possibly February 1975). Two pits dug in chalk discovered when foundations for new barn dug. One pit partly excavated (professionally?) and contained the skeletons of two dogs and a young animal (puppy?). No associated finds. "A ditch (IA?) runs nearby.

-51- Possibly I.A., cf. Danebury which had pits with dogs in them" (HMSI). Bones in HM. No accession number.

137. SE 982323 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Squarish, ditched enclosure, internally sub-divided. A trackway and ditches. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 33.

138. TA 003344 AP2 IA/RB

Risby Head. Ring-ditch (of hut-circle?), and possibly others, inside an ovoid enclosure, with nearby trackway and associated field-ditches. Three dark circular features. Ploughed down mounds/large pits? Loughlin and Miller 1979, 33.

139. TA 01013577* MAT IA/RB (centre)

Fishpond Wood, Risby. A dense seat ter of late Iron Age and Romano-British material covering approx. 4 hectares of arable land centred on the above NGR. Nothing on APs. Discovered 1982 during author's fieldwork. Pottery (from turn of millenium to 1a te fourth century), coins, querns tones, building rna terials and industrial debris. The site forms the subject of a detailed site study in section 3.2.2.1 where RB material from the surrounding 1km2 is also discussed. Material in HM, not yet accessioned. Britannia 15 (1984), 283; Didsbury 1986a, 28; Didsbury 1988, 26.

-52- NOTES (RY)

1. For the several linear dykes, ditches and earthworks in the parish, some of which may be of IA/RB date, see Loughlin and Miller 1979, 33-34.

SKIDBY (SDY)

140. SE 982320 AP2 IA? (centre)

D-shaped ditched enclosure. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 34.

141. SE 986315 AP1 IA/RB

Extensive area of ditched enclosures, field ditches, and linear boundary ditches in fairly irregular layout. Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance" for study of period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 34).

142. TA 002328 AP2 IA/RB (centre)

Ditch system fragments WSW (not the WNW of Loughlin) of Skid by village. Possible trackway, possible fragmentary enclosures. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 34.

143. TA 00633295* MAT RB

Bottoms Road. AE "follis" (or AE 4) of Constantine I, c. A.D. 317, 1964 (HM records and map coverage), or 1969 (Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, part IV, 1970, 30).

-53- 144. TA 02113433 MAT RB

Wood Hill. 1962. Two sandstone tesserae set in mortar (not the "scatter" of Loughlin and Miller 1979, 34). "Possible trace of rectangular ditch/building on AP" (HMSI; RAF coverage?). Visit by HM staff Nov. 1964 found only small quantity of oyster shell (HM map coverage). No material on ground several visits 1984- 1985 (author's fieldwork). In HM. KINCM:1256.1983.

145. TA 038349 AP1/MAT IA/RB (centre)

Burn Park Farm. A double ditched polygonal enclosure, field systems, trackways and cellular enclosures. Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance" for study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 34, 22). APs in possession of R. Mackey. Material from author's fieldwork 1984-1986 to be stored in HM. The site forms the subject of a detailed site study in section 3.2.2.2. Britannia 17 (1986) 386; Didsbury 1988, 2 5. Ditch sys tern fragments to the north of TA 044349 may be contemporary (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 34).

146. TA 047353 AP1 IA/RB

Ditch traces north of this NGR, part of the complex in Woodmansey parish recorded as G.194 .

...:. 54- NOTES (SDY)

1 In addition to the above sites and finds, small amounts of RB greywares have been found during the author's fieldwork at the following NGRs:

TA 00583414 01283309 00683422 019332 01103315

SKIRLAUGH (SH)

147. TA 133395 APl IA/RB (centre)

A group of enclosures and ditch systems north of the Lambwath Stream, just to the east of the square barrow cemetery in Swine parish (see G.152, 154). Regarded by Loughlin as a site of primary significance for the study for the period (Loughlin and Miller, 1979, 47, 59).

SWANLAND (SD)

148. SE 983280 APl RB (centre)

Stretch of Roman road, lkm in length, shewing as a single cropmark and field boundary line, visible in Swanland and Welton parishes (see G.186). A continuation of the double-ditched road leading ENE

-55- from Brough (Petuaria) visible on air cover at SE 953 272. The line projects to meet or cross the R. Hull in the northern part of the modern city. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

SWINE (SIVE)

149. TA 123368 AP2 IA/RB? (centre)

At least one rectilinear enclosure, with many rectilinear ditches, and trackway parallel to former meandering stream bed. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 59. Although not demonstrably of IA/RB date the site 1 s similarity to other complexes in the parish (see G. 151, 152 below), and its proximity to G.150, make it of definite interest.

150. TA 124271 MAT RB

In a field ~ The Battery (an earthworks complex of unknown date, now destroyed), March 1826 : a Roman urn (destroyed) containing 1400 to 1500 bronze coins, possibly in rouleaux, found after ploughing. Coins dispersed locally. Some presented by village schoolmaster to the Society of Antiquaries in 1829 (no record of gift traced by M.K. Clark), and 24 still in his possession in 1841, these consisting of AE3 issues of the Constantinian family (listed by Poulson 1841, 215; and Clark 1935, 131. N.B. that the mint-mark SIRE of Clark 1 s coin no. 1 is a misprint of Poulson 1 s STRE). Metalwork found during ploughing of the earthworks included Bronze Age items and an octagonal "padlock"-like object, with "key" (Thompson 1824, 213-

-56- 217 and figure) which Clark (1935, 132) still regarded as possibly Roman, apparently unaware that T.Sheppard (1907, 54) had shewn it to be a part of a seventeenth­ century brass candles tick. Plans of the Battery by Poulson and Thompson differ, though neither gives the impression of being that of a Roman "camp", a description adopted on earlier OS maps.

151. TA 126393 APl IA/RB (centre)

Linear ditch with possible enclosures, a trackway and field-ditches. Similar features in the same area as G.152, q.~., though relationship not clear. Together the sites are regarded as of "primary significance" for the study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 47, 60).

152. TA 128392 APl IA/RB (centre)

Iron Age square-barrow cemetery, at least 30 barrows, including one or more ring-ditches, closely grouped on the north bank of the Lambwa th Stream. Also settlement features similar to those of G .151, !l· ~. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 60.

153. TA 131358* EXC/MAT RB

Giant's Hill. 1960-1961. Material from Varley's excavation of a fourteenth~century park mound (Varley 1973) includes a single rim sherd of a Throlam-type wide-mouthed bowl (or possibly large jar) close to 260mm in diameter. Hull Museums 1966, 13, item 54. Material in HM. Part of KINCM:l30.62.

-57- 154. TA 132394 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Enclosures and ditch systems, part of settlement area extending from Skirlaugh parish (See G.147). Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance" for the study of the period o Loughlin and Miller 1979, 4 7, 60.

155. TA 135354 MAT RB

Abbey Garth Farm, January 1964 o A greyware narrow­ mouthed jar containing 3099 coins, found during ploughing. Apart from a single coin of Tetricus I, and a POPULUS ROMANUS issue of A.D. 341-346, these are all Constantinian silver-washed bronze, £· A.D. 320- 334. Most in Hull Museum, but some in Crown Commissioners' Office in London, and some in Scunthorpe Museum. Findspot is marked at TA 13443540 on Hull Museum map coverage, while Eagles (1979, 449) has TA 13483540. KINCM:187.64 (pot) and 188.64 (coins). Detailed analysis on file in HM but never fully published. Notices in Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society (Second Series) 2, part 1 (1964) 42-43; Hull Museums 1966, 13, Item 54; Journal of Roman Studies 54 (1964) 204; Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 41, part 163 (1965) 331. Fig. 3.33.

156. Swine provenance * MAT RB

A field near Swine, 1940. A hoard (complete?) of 28 denarii and 16 sestertii, the latter in rouleaux, found in ploughing. The silver is of M. Antonius to M. Aurelius, and the bronze of Claudius to Faustina I. Journal of Roman Studies 31 (1941) 133; Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 35, 227o No details of findspot, cicumstances of discovery, or whether found

-58- in a container, either published or extant in Hull Museums. OSSI (Antiquity No. TA 13 NW 8) credits Thomas Sheppard with the discovery and quotes, "They were not found near the earthworks like the previous hoard, discovered in 1826" (G.150). In HM. KINCM:17.42.1=44. Whiting (1969, 75) records the important information from Hull Museum staff that the hoard was found at Foxholes Abbey Garth, close to that of 1964 (G.155), on land farmed by the Johnson family. He also remarks (Whiting 1969, 67), "the hoards found at Swine, in marshy ground only recently drained, may well prove revealing when considered together". See also G.207, and section 3.2.3.1.

157. Swine provenance MAT AS

An Anglian wide-mouthed, plain globular urn containing cremated human bones and fragments of a bone comb (Eagles 1979, 272, 449) or combs (Myres 1977, pot no. 3730). Details of the later history of this object in T.Sheppard 1907 and T.Sheppard 1909: derived from the collection of one Wallis, a Hull gunsmith and antiquary who died in 1805, from which both Eagles (1979, 449) and Loughlin and Miller (1979, 60) assume a pre-1805 find date. However, Wallis's collection w·as not sold until 1833, having been "considerably augmented by different members of his family since his decease" (auction catalogue quoted by T.Sheppard, 1907, 45), so the urn can only be assumed to have been discovered before 1833. The pot belongs to a group which Eagles (1979, 84) considers as dating from the later fourth/early fifth century (on the Continent) to the later sixth. In HM. No accession number. See also G.158, below.

-59- 158. Swine provenance MAT RB

Loughlin and Miller (1979, 60) quote RCHM as authority for "an RB urn and cremation from the parish". It may be that this derives from G .15 7, above, since the Anglian urn was described as Roman in the Wallis auction catalogue.

NOTES (SWE)

1. For further SWE entries see G.207, 215.

TICKTON (TTN)

159. TA 059402 MAT IA(?)/RB

Chapel Farm Weel. Surface finds 1967, 1969, 1980:

i) TA 059403. Upper stone of beehive quern, of sandstone, ploughed up 1967, retrieved from farmhouse rockery 1968. In HM. KINCM: 71. 68. See Hull Museums 1969. Loughlin and Miller (1979, 35) has two querns, but this derives from a duplication in HM records. (See fig. 2.9a).

ii) RB pottery, roofing tile ( 3 fragments), and flint scrapers (one supposed by HMSI to be Iron Age). January 1969. Pottery consisting of "greyware" and Dalesware (though nature of tempering not specified), with tile and flints, is/was located at St Mary's Boys' School, Beverley, according to an undated HMSI entry (probably£· 1969). A small amount of material in HM (KINCM:87.69) consists of half a perforated greyware disc (spindle whorl?), rim

- 60- sherd of a greyware bowl(?), and four sherds of IA or "RB in IA tradition" wares. All the above rna terial is from TA 059402/060402, with an isolated tile fragment from TA 05754023 (HM records and map coverage.

iii) 1980. Large sherds of seven vessels with ( "Knapton-type") rims in IA/na ti ve RB fabrics. Also sherds of second- to third-century greywares. From TA 060402. Area also fieldwalked by P. Armstrong of HCCAU in 1983; this material located in HCCAU store at North Newbald at time of writing (Oct. 1986). See HCCAU SMR.

In addition, HM map coverage records "quanti ties of stone ploughed up" at TA 06354010, and "suggestion of square foundations" at TA 06004025, hence, presumably, Eagles' assertion (Eagles 1979, 219) that "a Roman building has been found at Tickton". Fieldwalking of the whole area by the present author (1986) discovered no material on the ground. The site forms the subject of a detailed study in section 2.3.2.2. See also G.ll.

160. 0543* MAT RB (approx.)

High Eske Farm. Denarius of Septimius Severns, A.D. 201. HM ID 507, of 1.6.1984. In finder's possession.

161. TA 06084335* MAT RB

High Eske Farm. Scatter of RB pottery, all within 30m of above NGR. All diagnostic pieces 4th-century, including Huntcliff-ware rims, flanged bowls, Crambeck-ware. On edge of lOrn "island" of till on east bank of R. Hull. Author's fieldwork, Feb. 1985,

- 61- after checking above coin-find (G.160). Britannia 17 (1986) 386; Didsbury 1988, 24.

161a TA 071411 AP2 IA/RB?

,o Ovfd ditched enclosure, apparently in isolation. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 35.

NOTES (TTN)

1. For a further TTN entry see G.l99.

IVALKINGTON (WKN)

162. SE 962357 MAT/EXC IA/RB/AS (centre)

Littlewood Farm. 1967-1969. Secondary Romano-British "occupation" on top of a round barrow. Much late fourth-century pottery, some "Germanic" metalwork, and 12 interments, 10 of them decapitated (Bartlett and Mackey 1973). Excavators suggested a possible function as an inland signal station, possibly used as a place of execution in the early fifth century. Bailey ( 1985) has evinced reasons for regarding the site as a temple or shrine with associated cemetery. Adjacent to the site are Iron Age/Roman field-ditches forming an enclosure possibly 200m x lOOm, and a linear earthwork (HM records; OSSI Antiquity Nos SE 93 NE 18 and 19; Challis and Harding 1975, ii, 34). Finds in HM. KINCM:ll/12.1968.

- 62- 163. SE 970362* MAT RB

Walkington Grange, 1965. A sestertius of Gordian III, found in a gravel bank. Found by Mr George Teal, and in his possession in 1969 (Whiting 1969, 68). Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society, Second Series, Vol. II, Part II, 1966, 63.

164. SE 970374 APl IA/RB (centre)

"E-W double ditch, continuing to E as a single ditch. Other linear ditches, one rectangular enclosure, and a clear large ring ditch with entrance to WNW". Loughlin and Miller 1975.

165. SE 971354 AP 2 IA/RB (centre)

Large area of double-ditched linear earthworks, mainly oriented north-east/south-west. Continues into Rowley parish on south. Multi-period prehistoric. Loughlin and Miller 1975.

166. SE 984369 API IA (centre)

Field ditches, longer distance ditches, and possible square barrows. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

167. SE 984374 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

"Large area of double-ditched trackways, ditches, long distance ditches and field ditches". Loughlin and Miller 1979. (Site of "primary significance" for period, p. 22).

- 63- 168. SE 993369* MAT IA/RB

51 West End, Walkington. Iron Age or Romano-British quern, upper stone, found built into garden wall at this address, 1970. Drawing in HM records.

169. SE 997383 APl IA/RB (centre)

Large ring ditch and at least two smaller ones, one possibly with central burial. Various linear ditches. Loughlin and Miller 1979 (site of "primary significance" for period, p. 22).

170. SE 990378 APl IA/RB

Area of mixed settlement and burial features. Irregular ditches, one larger leading north-east. One large ring-ditch (perhaps double-ditched) and smaller ones, some perhaps with central graves. Loughlin and Miller 1979 (site of "primary significance" for period, p. 22).

171. TA 005371* MAT RB

South of Autherd Dike. Single base-sherd of greyware pot, in Hasholme Hall Dales-type fabric (Hicks and Wilson 1975; Halkon 1987a, Fabric 3). Author's fieldwork 1984.

172. TA 018369 AP2 IA/RB?

Butt Farm (south of). Double-ditched enclosure or moated site. Loughlin and Miller 1979.

- 64- WAWNE (WNE)

173. TA 088407 AP1 & AP2 IA/RB (centre)

Large cropmark area including a possible double­ ditched trackway, and a double-ditched squarish enclosure. Same complex apparently visible at TA 091401, where long straight ditches form angular enclosed areas. Other features at this latter NGR may be mediaeval in date. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 36.

174. TA 099409 AP1 IA/RB (centre)

Large complex of agricultural and settlement cropmarks north of Meaux Abbey House. Irregular field ditches, one large linear feature, and some irregular enclosures. Regarded by Loughlin as a site of "primary significance" for the study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 36).

175. TA 125343 MAT RB

Before 1850, a "parcel" of coins found during ploughing in a field adjoining Castle Hill (also known as Bransholme Castle, and Castle Hill, Swine) which lies at the above NGR. Six silver denarii from the hoard were exhibited before the Society of Antiquaries of London in 18 50, four of which were of Domi tian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius and Faustina. Clark 1935, 130 (sub Sutton, which is not a modern civil parish). Present whereabouts unknown.

- 65- 176. TA 096367* MAT RB (approx.)

A biconical lead spindle~whorl decorated with criss­ cross lines and pellets. Found by a metal detectorist in "a field opposite new pub called The Bramley, Wawne". The pub is now called The Waggoners. Cf. British Museum 1964, 51, fig. 23, III, d, 4. HM ID of 3.7.1980 (and correspondence of February 1981 between John Rumsby and Catherine Johns about other similar objects reported to the Museum. Dr Johns saw no reason not to regard the group as RB). In private possession.

NOTES (WNE)

1. For a further WNE entry see G.202.

WELTON (HLN)

NOTES (HLN)

1) For finds from "Ferriby Foreshore" see note at head of North Ferriby parish entries.

2) Numerous finds continue to be made by me tal detectorists working several sites within the parish to the west of the study area. See HM ID records of the 1970s and 1980s.

3) HM records (ID files, October 1982) note "information" from a metal detectorist that a mosaic found by builders during the building of a "bungalow near the church" (SE 959273 area) had been "hurriedly covered up".

~ 66- 177. SE 945259 AP1 IA/RB

Field system ditches, at least one polygonal enclosure and a double-ditched trackway. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 37.

178. SE 954273* MAT IA

A half-denomination AR Corieltauvian coin. Wt 0. 5 grams. 12mm diam. Uniface. Horse rt, with circle of pellets in whorl over back. Also a trumpet fibula, and other possible Romano-British pieces. HM records, ID of 4.2.84. In private possession (metal detectorist). See note 2 above. This location is very close to the line of the Roman road heading ENE from Brough (Petuaria). See G.l48 and 186.

179. SE 962273 MAT RB (approximate area)

New Village, Welton. Short time before 1869. A coin hoard ("numbers deposited in one place") as well as many single coins dispersed throughout the parish. Thompson 1869, 145-146. HMSI records "various small finds •••••••• over many years". Whiting 1969, 76.

180. SE 965268* MAT RB

AE3 coin of Constantine I, Trier, A.D. 321-322. HM ID no. 06 of 16.6.1983. In finder's possession. Not same informant as that of G.181 and 182.

181. SE 965275* MAT RB

Shewn to HM for recording (ID file, 4.10.84), "two Roman coins".

- 67- 182. SE 968268* MAT RB (approx.)

Circa 1980, during extension to clay quarry "near South Hunsley School". Base of a samian vessel (cup, ace. to HM records) with the stamp SVO[B]NI.M (Central Gaulish, Antonine). Also AE "antoniniani" of Probus and Magnentius, and a (?) La T~ne III simple wire brooch.

183. SE 974278 MAT/EXC IA and RB

Various features and groups of material revealed during quarrying at Melton Chalk Quarry in the years preceding the Welton Wold excavation ( G.l84, below). In HM, as follows: KINCM:93.60 - Iron Age sherds and bone, from linear earthworks at Melton Quarry, found September 1953; KINCM:l9.61 - RB pottery from quarry trench, "previous excavation by ERAS" (?), obtained March 1961; KINCM:l09.65 - pottery from Melton Quarry; KINCM:70.67 - fragments of two broken querns, one of quartz dolerite, the other (from an upper stone) of millstone grit, from "RB ditch at Melton Chalk Quarry".

184. SE 974279 APl/HAT/EXC IA and RB

Welton Wold. Extensive complex (8.5 ha) of Iron Age and Romano~British agricultural settlement. Excavated by R. Mackey for the East Riding Archaeological Society and the D.O.E., 1971-1976. A corridor villa, many enclosures and ditches, seventeen "corn-drying" kilns, agricultural buildings etc. The Roman road heading ENE from Brough (see G.148 and 186) passes close to the site on the south. Interim reports are most readily available in Britannia vols 3 (1972) to 8 (1977), in the 'Roman Britain in 198-' sections. Material in various locations, some still the subject

- 68- of post-excavation research. There is a discussion of the site in section 3.2.2.

185. SE 974298 AP2 IA/RB

Cropmark area. Sinuous trackway with bends and associated ditches. Possibly extending to north. Perhaps connected with DMV of Wauldby (SE 968297) rather than RB or earlier? Loughlin and Miller 1979, 37.

186. SE 977279 AP1 RB (centre)

Roman road, double-ditched, heading ENE from Brough (Petuaria) towards the River Hull. Visible also as soil-mark NE of Welton Wold Quarry. See G.148. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 37.

187. SE 98122502 MAT/EXC IA/RB

"Redcliff /North Ferri by" (see note at head of North Ferriby parish entries). Extensive occupation in the 1st century A.D. over more than 300m of low cliff on the north bank of the Humber. A large collection of finds from the cliff is in Hull Museums, and includes "native" and Gallo-Belgic pottery, late Iron Age coinage and metalwork, and animal bone. Excavations by P. Corder in 1938 (Corder, Wright and Wright 1939) and Hull Museums in 1986-1989. The above NGR locates the 1986-1989 excavations. The site forms the subject of a detailed study in section 2. 3. 2. 2., where full bibliographical and other apparatus may be found.

- 69- 188. SE 981290 AP2 IA/RB?

Ovoid feature (structure?) within a ditched enclosure. Ditches to south. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 37

1\TITHERNtHCK (WNK)

No sites or finds are known from this parish, only a fragment of which lies within the study area.

WOODMANSEY (WY)

189. TA 040377 AP2 IA/RB?

Rectilinear enclosure, trackways, and field ditches. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 38.

190-1. TA 043370 and APl IA/RB 051370 (centres)

Centres of very extensive cropmark complexes (agricultural settlement with possible burial features) west and east of the Hull-Beverley railway line near Beverley Parks Crossing ( TA 0463 72). Several field sys terns, long ditches, ovoid and rectilinear enclosures. Regarded by Loughlin as sites of "primary significance" for the study of the period (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 38).

- 70- 192. TA 043382 AP2 IA/RB?

Polygonal (? pentagonal) enclosure and other ditches. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 38.

193. TA 046375 AP2 IA/RB? (centre)

Clear, well preserved, ditches, enclosures and linear ditches north of Beverley Parks Crossing (TA 046372). Part of large scale complex to south (G.190-191, above), or possibly later in date?

194. TA 047358 API IA/RB (centre)

Linear ditches, rectilinear field-system, possibly with associated enclosures. Long oval enclosure, squarish double-ditched enclosure and several short ditches. Regarded by Loughlin as site of "primary significance for the study of the period" (Loughlin and Miller 1979, 22, 38).

195. TA 054369 AP2 IA/RB?

Moated site or ditched square enclosure, with other ditches in vicinity. Loughlin and Miller 1979, 38.

196. Woodmansey provenance * MAT RB

AR denarius of Septinius Severus. HM ID 353 of 14.9.1983. In private possession.

NOTES (WY)

1. For further WY entries see G.213, 218, 219.

- 71- ADDENDA

The following entries have been added to the Gazetteer since September 1988, and are not listed in parish order:

197. HALTEMPRICE (HPE)

TA 02442778* MAT RB

Two RB sherds from field west of Tranby Ride. Rim of flanged bowl in Crambeck Ware, and rim of a greyware jar which is probably also fourth-century. Author's fieldwork, 12.11.1986. To be deposited in Hull Museums.

198. BEVERLEY (BLY)

TA 03883936* MAT RB

Dominican Friary. Pottery from excavations by HCCAU (site code 1224/BLY/1986) included a Huntcliff ware rim and the rim of a greyware jar, possibly a Holme upon Spalding Moor product. From contexts 1 and 2, HCCAU Illustration Nos 4738 and 4739. Also, from context 280 (Recorded Find No. 430) a bone "dumb-bell" but ton. Site report in preparation. Material to be deposited in Hull Museums.

- 72- 199. TICKTON (TTN)

TA 049435* MAT RB

Arram Grange. Romano-British greywares in rna terial fieldwalked by author, December 1987. On west bank of R. Hull, opposite High Eske Farm on east (~. G.l61). To be deposited in Hull Museums.

200. HULL (no code)

TA 082303* MAT RB (approx.)

Front garden of 39 Park Avenue, Hull. Rim of RB greyware dish retrieved by author from surface of flowerbed, October 1987. To be deposited in Hull Museums.

201. HULL (no code)

TA 12353355* MAT RB

A hoard of seventeen Constantinian AE coins, metal detected from old pasture land at Sutton by Mr Tony Bibby, 1988. Many of the coins were cemented together when found, as if originally in rouleaux. Also half of an unassociated AR coin, unidentified. All the AE coins are centenionales of A.D. 330-335. The issues represented are VRBS ROMA, GLORIA EXERCITUS, and CONSTANTINOPOLIS: of Constantine I, Constantine II as Caesar, and House of Constantine. All the legible mint-marks are of Western mints, namely Trier, Lyons, and Arelate. The significance of the hoard is discussed in Didsbury 1990. Identified and catalogued

- 73- by Bryan Sitch at Hull Museums (Sitch n.d). KINCM:20.1989.1=18.

202. WAWNE (WNE)

TA 093365* MAT RB

Croft Garths. A single sherd of RB greyware among a large body of twelfth- to nineteenth-century material recovered when SMV earthworks bull-dozed for housing development in the 1960s. Hayfield 1984, 52.

203. HULL (no code)

TA 08643367* MAT RB (centre)

Yorkshire Water Authority sewage overflow basin, immediately south of the original "Haworth Hall" site (G.76). Much RB pottery from a watching brief by Mr L. Barker and the author when the plot was developed for housing in 1988/1989. Material and field-notes to be deposited in Hull Museums.

204. HULL (no code)

TA 08603045* MAT IA

Mills and Allen advertisement hoarding plot, on the south-west corner of the Cottingham Road/Beverley Road junction. Multi-period material revealed during repositioning of hoardings and landscaping of plot in 198 7 included the upright square-sectioned rim of a late Iron Age or early RB hand-made jar in coarsely­ gritted fabric. It is perhaps as likely that the sherd arrived on site in soil brought in by the landscaping firm from Long Lane, Woodmansey, as that

- 74- it was in situ. Author's field notes and material to be deposited in Hull Museum.

205. HULL (no code)

TA 08503374* MAT RB

"Marsden's Landing". Infill housing development in a plot to north-west and west of original "Haworth Hall" site (G.76). Very considerable quantities of second­ to fourth-century pottery during a watching brief undertaken by Messrs L. Barker and D. Chandler in 1989/1990. Also fourth-century AE coins, half an inlaid glass bangle, a polished boar's tusk with incised decoration, and several human skull and finger bones. Material currently (May 1990) in HCCAU; to be deposited in Hull Museums.

206. HALTEMPRICE (HPE)

TA 078342* MAT/EXC RB

Excavations by Caroline Atkins for HCCAU at Ings Bridge, just outside the Hull city boundary on _the west bank of the River Hull, and in the field immediately to the north of the site at Greylees Avenue (G.69, section 3.3.2). 1989. In advance of the Ennerdale Link Road development. Slight ditches containing hand-made jars "in native tradition" comparable to second-century wares from Greylees Avenue. Site archive in HCCAU (site code ENL 89).

207 SWINE (SWE provenance)

TA 1335* MAT RB

" ..••. lately in a garden ••. in the occupation of Mr Heselton a few ancient silver and copper coins were

- 75- found" (Hull Advertiser, 18 February 1804). Only a GLORIA EXERCITUS (two standards) of Constantine I, from the Constantinople mint, is recorded (Whiting 1969, 75). It seems possible that these coins are the "hoard" from "Hull" referred to by Thomas Sheppard in 1905 (see G.106, above).

208. BEVERLEY (BLY provenance)

TA 0440* MAT RB

The "old rifle range" (location uncertain). 1910. An AE coin of Magnentius. Transactions of the Yorkshire Numismatic Society (Second Series) Vol. 1, parts 3-4 (1957) 6; Whiting 1969, 68.

209. CHERRY BURTON (CB)

SE 957405* MAT RB ( approx.)

High Gardham Farm, c. 1925. A silver coin of Caracalla. Whiting 1969, 70, and Clark 1935, 67 (but the latter sub Bishop Burton).

210. CHERRY BURTON (CB provenance)

SE 9942* MAT RB

Whiting (1969, 70) records that a coin of Diocle tian from Cherry Burton was shewn to Hull Museums in 1965.

- 76- 211. HULL (no code)

TA 083342* MAT RB (area)

Arable fields on east bank of Hull opposite Greylees Avenue. 1989. RB greywares in fieldwalked rna terial collected by Messrs L. Barker and D. Chandler. Material in HCCAU.

212. HULL (no code)

TA 091326* MAT RB

Malmo Road Industrial Estate/" Sutton Fields". Hand made pottery, RB greyware, daub and calcined bone. Found in a machine-cut service trench by John Tibbles, July 1989. The 26 sherds represent a minimum number of 5 vessels; two of the three handmade jars with everted rims are in coarsely gritted sandy ware, the third being shell-tempered. The greyware fabric would appear to be of an earlier type than that of the Holme on Spalding Moor industry, and it is probably best to regard the assemblage as being second- or early third­ century. The site is in the West Carr, close to the present east bank of the River Hull, in an area formerly known as "Nut talls" ( Blashill 1896). Discoverer's field-notes in HCCAU SMR. Material to be deposited in Hull Museums. (See also G. 220, below).

213. WOODMANSEY (WY)

NGR not d1sclosed. * MAT IA/RB (see below)

Woodmansey. 1989. Three Coriel tauvian coins from a limited area of c. 5 m2 in an arable field. Metal detected. A gold and a gold-plated unit are of ESVP

- 77- ASV, the third is a silver uniface fragment of AVN AST. Elsewhere in the same field a Republican denarius of Antony and Cleopatra and a silver siligua (VOT X MULT XX). The coins are in the hands of the Coroner at the time of writing (May 1990). The NGR is recorded at HCCAU and can be made available to bona fide researchers.

214. HULL (no code)

TA 145301* MAT RB

Shakespeare School playing fields, east of Poorhouse Lane, Mar fleet. 1989. Several sherds of RB greyware and base of a Central Gaulish samian bowl form, from spoil-heaps alongside construction trenches, found during watching brief by John Tibbles. No features visible, but trenches already partly filled with concrete when material discovered. Finder's field notes in HCCAU SMR. Material to be deposited in Hull Museums.

215. SWINE (SWE provenance)

TA 1335* MAT RB

Hull Museums' Publication 111 (1916), 32, records the gift, by Mr W. Sykes, of two Roman coins from Swine.

216. HALTEMPRICE (HPE)

TA 0533* MAT RB

Hull Museums' Publication 157 (1929), 14, records the gift, by Miss Pitt, of two Roman coins from Cottingham.

- 78- 217. HULL (no code)

TA 135326* MAT IA/RB (approx.)

Royal Victoria Hospital extension. 1990. A pit exposed in a construction trench recorded by John Tibbles. Large amounts of pottery identical in fabric and forms to the rna terial from the Sal thouse High School settlement (G. 97, section 2.3.2.1), which is on lower ground~· 0.5 km to the south, the hospital occupying a notable boulder-clay eminence rising above 10m A.O.D. (see fig. 2.7a). The absence of RB greywares may once again be noted. An environmental sample from the pit is currently (May 1990) being analysed by Pat Wagner, of Sheffield University. The finder's field notes are in HCCAU SMR. Material to be deposited in Hull Museums.

218. l-J"OODMANSEY (WY)

TA 0338* MAT RB (area)

New housing development north of Shepherd Lane and south of Winchester Road, east of the A.164. Large rim and shoulder sherd of a late second- or third­ century greyware jar found on a spoil heap. Comparable with Gillam 143. Watching brief by Mr L. Barker and author, January 1990. Drawing and field­ notes in HCCAU SMR (Drawing Office No. 7 414). To be deposited in Hull Museums.

- 79- 219. IVOODMANSEY (WY)

TA 045378 MAT RB

Park Grange Farm. 1989. Digging of commercial fishponds revealed white sand deposits filling hollows in a gravel substrate sealed by a metre of peat. Excavation by the Field Studies Group of ERAS under the direction of the author was continued as an HCCAU project funded by HBMC, again under the author's supervision. The sand deposits, which are interpreted as resulting from ancient spring activity, contained handmade !A/early RB jars, samian, RB greywares; a quernstone of Spilsby sandstone; a perforated boar's tusk ornament; and much animal bone. One deposit contained three stacked horse lower jaws, and it is possible that a ritual element connected with intermittent water sources is involved in such deposition, as well as rubbish disposal from an APl site on the adjacent higher land (part of the extensive cropmark complex G .190-191). Report in preparation. Archive in HCCAU (site code BPG 89).

220. HULL (no code)

TA 091324* MAT RB

"Sutton Fields", in the old West Carr, May 1990. At least three ditches or pits cut by a service trench found by John Tibbles. Considerable amounts of second- to late fourth-century pottery, including samian, colour-coated wares, straight-sided flanged bowls, and three Dales-type and two Huntcliffe-ware jars; also, animal bone displaying butchery marks, oyster shell, and a human skull fragment from the top of these features. An extensive area of occupation seems to be indicated, approaching at least as close as 40m to the present east bank of the River Hull. At

- 80- the time of writing, further investigation by HCCAU is planned. Material in HCCAU. See also G. 212.

221. HULL (no code)

TA 14872958* MAT RB

Former recreation ground south of Great Field Lane, Marfleet. May 1990. Now developed for light indus try. Rim and shoulder sherd of greyware jar, second- or early third-century, in spoil from a construction trench. Found by J. Ellington of HCCAU. The location is c. 400m SE of G.101. The find was made too late to be included on fig. 3.50 (~.~.). To be deposited in Hull Museums.

************************ ************************

- 81- THE ILLUSTRATIONS

Figs 1.1 - 1.5 Figs 2.1 - 2.17 Figs 3.1 - 3.51

***

- 82- :Scale' 1 : 1 , 000,000

0 5 10 15 20

Miles

SB

_/-...--r-- / M I ./ / ,...J I ( I

,-- '- _, r- East Riding boundary (pre--1974)

• • Urban centre G = Grimsby S = Scunthorpe H = Hull, B = Beverley D Study area Y = York M = Malton BR = Bridlington SB = Scarborough MW = Market Weighton

Fig. 1.1. National and regional location of the study area'.

--83- ---- East Riding Boundary (pre 197 4)

D below SO' Flamborough Head 50'-100'

. . lliTI. 1.00'-200' more than 200' ~ I ,,­ I I I

\ " I" C:- .... ~. I

', ~. I ·-'-- .. ,' ,, ... •- I- ..

...... '\ '\ - ,.. ~:::~ ./ ...--- '~

0 5 10 I I I ' miles ' ' Spurn Point Fig.l.2 East Riding relief ' _, .. ' Fig. 1.3 The Wolds and Holderness drift geology. ' ' \ .... ' ......

0 5 10 Miles

0 5 10 15 Km. w' chalk D. fluvio-glacial sand and gravel ~ till D Alluvia

W Woodmansey L Leconfield

-85- WOLDS HOLDERNESS N.SEA w II l E

I \!) 00 I Upper Jurassic XXX D .XXX Post-glacial deposits

ED Chalk n Till L_j FIG. l.ll

The Wolds and Holderness: diagrammatic cross - section. North Sea Ett:on ~ e Woodhouse Furm ..-l SE • TA 97113 t - t- 1743 c:: I .,.,0 .j.J u I CI.J (/J .,.,c:: Lkverley e Wylies• • Westwood '"0 I O.S. Gr.id N CI.Jc:: .,.,0 .j.J c:: CI.J 8 e l< ·' e Burn CI.J Wold .j.J H · Park Ave.' ' .,., ro .j.J (/J ~ I ~ c:: H ...... ' ·-- \ ..c: '"0 .,., ro co .j.J ;:::1 '"0 I .,., .j.J '"0 c:: I I ) (/J CI.J ;:::1 Salthouse• c:: 0 Sc:hool ro 4-1 0 ...0 ,.... / CI.J 0 .,., ' ., H .j.J ~ ro ~ c:: .j.J H CI.J .,., ~-~ I ~ ro 8 u ~ '"0 '"0 ;:::1 c:: CI.J r-1 I .j.J ;:::1 .j.J rl I Welton (/J 0 .,., ;:::1 e ...0 (/J ::c: 1 Wold CI.J R.llumber E5 lf') • +---- -+ ..-l SE TA 01) 9724 1724 .,., i:.t.; Key to figs 2.1 - 2.2 and 2.4 - 2.5

Surface geology (all figures):

~ till

chalk

glacial/fluvial gravels

mill glacial gravels

~ Kimmeridge clay

~ blown sand

~ alluvium

Fig. 2.1:

square barrows (G. = gazetteer no. No. of barrows in group in brackets. G. no . • underlined if barrows part of settlement complex).

e IA funerary ring ditch

- 88- EPS - Et ton Pasture School; LFD - Leconfield; LKN - Lockington; MDN - Middleton; SBR - Scarborough.

Fig. 2.2:

II square barrow

tt IA/RB settlement complex

late IA and RB pottery

late RB pottery

_.,., ----- __ becks

Fig. 2.4

11 square barrow

e IA funerary ring ditch

D-shaped enclosure

+ polygonal enclosure

)( ovoid enclosure

- 89- excavated or archaeologically tt investigated site with evidence of IA settlement

Q beehive quern

Hallstatt-type pottery

IA small find. (Barred symbol if position approximate).

Fig. 2. 5

~ IA settlement site

IA small find. (Barred symbol if position approximate).

*****

- 90- 50

45

40

35

Fig. 2.1: IA Square Barrows In Relation to Drift Geology.; -91- Fig.2.2. IA square barrows north of Scarborough

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43 TA 00 01 02 03 04 BMB Bryan Mills Beck llcm. ED Ella Dyke AB Aike Beck SB Scarborough Beck CD Catchwater Drain -92- 0 5 miles

~ Drift D Alluvia

Meres ~ (Horn sea and Lambwath only)

0 1 Miles

/

/ Lambwath Stream I'

Fig. 2.3 Swine Barrow Group in relation to Drift Geology

-9~3------Fig. 2.4 IA sites and finds on the till and chalk west of the Hull.

Haven

R. HUMBER

-94- Fig. 2.5 Late IA sites and find spots, Southern Alluvia ..

15 0 1 2 Km TA I I 1:63360

I Lr\ 0\ I

.A G. 72

R. Humber JA

0 10 50 100 150 ~ -~ E ~ T ~:_-E=I- --~:::._-- 3-=- -=c::-=-:l. -~--= e:::=:::3 __:r:= _ J - l- 3 METRES / Gully alignment

0 Hearth

Enclosure A.

I \0 (}"\ ~ I '-'"

Fig. 2.6 Plan of settlement at Salthouse High School, Hull. (After J.Bartlett) TA 10 11 12 13 14

35 ~ Boulder clay ace. to OS Drift. t---- Bransholme ...___, • Mediaeval Arable • Sefholm 1 ace. to Blashill / 0 • • North Carr • Mediaeval meadow • 34 ace. Blashill l lil. Part of Sutton --·- parish boundary. East Carr I '-0 II G.97, Salthouse Rd. --.] I 33

32 Ings \ Sutton Ings Risholm I I lk.rn 31 Fig. 2.7 a) 11 12 . I . I ...... \.._./ . . . ·. r- ·...... ······ ... ······· ...... \ ··. . ' •. 35 ··. \ ~ \\. \ _.--. ·····... '- ...... J ••• \ OD --, ·· .. _.. J I ~~~ ··... . \ I \...-.., ·.. : J - - - + 12-t' OD ( = 3. 8 m ) •• . I_, - I .• . \ ·..... · . / " . ~ +25' OD ( = 7. 6 m ) \ 0 ' \ ·.·· .. "­\_") \ 0 \. . . . / . I Contours after \\ ...... J I ~\ ···· / Valentin 1957, Karte 2 \0 ( _, co I \ ··...... ········ .. ./ ' -/ . \ ,_ ---- .... ·...... ·· D.... ,··: . r -- . . ' ', ~...... ', I I;...... \ "\. ·...... ' \ ~ I ,,. . . \,...__./ \ I I : . .. · ·... -...- ... \ ~ ) I I ift ' ···: "-- >J ···..• '~~ \..J/,,,..,, ... / ··... -- / v . ..~~ \ ...... <> .. • •• • ...... __ ~•• ··· :'-,.' {s t-.}_, '\. ::.: n) """ ·.. •• • ...... · .. / 32

lkm Fi~. 2.7 b) . Salthouse Rd. and the topography of the Sutton Clays. 31 TA 06

Eske Carrs

TA 40

G Fig.2.8 Chapel Farm, Weel Location and geology

~ Boulder clay

D Gravel

D Alluvia

------12th+l3th century drainage

!I Monastic site

CF Chapel Farm • AG Arram Grange

~ 4th Century occupation

4 .~S spotheight (m)

-99- Fig. 2.9(a)

DI I I I I ••.• I •...... •• ~- ••.. ·.

\ >· ··--~-·· \ \p

Fig. 2.9(a) Beehive quern, Chapel Farm, Weel.

KINCM 71.68

After drawing in Hull Museum.

No Scale. Approx. 1/5.

-100- Fig. 2. 9(b) Location of material, Chapel Farm, Weel.

410 @~ CD Group 1. Quern. New Holland Farm

0 Group 2.

@ Group 2+3. ········· ······· .... Area walked by Armstrong (Group 4).

I ;.. H Possible AP building. t,os 0 H I s Stone ploughed up. o§JQ + Spot height. (~~~~~~'\y) Corporation Farm l\\.'\S Area examined by author. \\~\\\~h\~. .\.\~ - Ap~roximate boundary of higher land. s + 4m ~I;;A::';·

400 ·. 060 065 070

500 m 37.75% (n=94)

(n=10)

~ Iron Age

~ Romano-British

c. AD 1200 - c. AD 1500.

c. AD 1500 - c. AD 1900+

D Undated

Fig. 2.10 Chapel Farm, Weel. Chronological distribution of sherds by number.

-102- 14 Fig. 2.11 Histogram 1 a) Iron Age Sherds per line Chapel Farm. Weel. 13 n = 77 Fieldwalking, April 1983 12 11 10 9 Sherd no.s do not correspond with those on pie-diagram 8 (Fig.2.10) because the latter 7 include materiai not marked 6 with line no.s ~ 5 ·~ 4 I ..c:: I-' Cl) 3 0 ~ w 0 2 I . ~ 1 0

6 b) RB sherds and burned cobbles per line 5

4 l/:1 = burned cobble 3 2 n(sherds) = 12 1 0. II I 2 I 3 I'~ IS I 6 I 7 J8 19 llOillJlL jl3114Jl5 Jl6 Line No. Fig .. 2.12. ?) Humberware sherds per line. Histogram 2~ n=29 Chapel Farm,Weel Fieldwalking, 3 April 1983 2 1 UJ "'d 0-+---" 1-< Q) h) Orangeware sherds per line.' ..c: I C/) ...... n=23 0 4-< +:-- 0 I 6 z 3 2 1 0

w E Line No. Fig. 2.13 Pottery from Chapel Farm, Weel

(Group 3). Scale 1:4

d • ~'"'.;l'C/""~J~er[\'~'f ·-~·I. . ;ot~ : ., ~ I

i I I I

1.

2.

.,s•~ ';f~i ········\ \ I J' I '

3.

-105- Fig. 2.13 (contd.)

_,; I .. I ,o' / I . '

4.

.. ., I ~·. I

5.

I > I I

6.

-106- Fig. 2.13 (contd)

., .. '."·,-y ) "'\ ; i

7.

I I i

8.

·:. ' . I , 'I 9.

-107- Fig. 2.13 (cont.)

I\\

10.

------

' u

() Q D o

.t: -(~.: /

I lllllllll 1 ..• . i~---

11.

-108- Long Plantation·

'...... -~, ------..:,__ ~------:::;" ...... ____ .,..,. ------

Skipsea Till I 0\ ~ 0 rl I r:::::l Gravel L2j

~ Laminated fine sands and silts

Sand

Fig 2.14 Redcliff . Geological Section . Adapted from Catt 1963 Fig. 2.15 Redcliff, eastern end of cliff section. Solid line: cliff edge in November 1984. Broken line: cliff edge in April ·1986. Section: P. Didsbury. Drawing D. Crowther.

~-­ = I _1_ ...... ·· 2-1 I _1_::' ... ·.. I ' L__·· ){2:.{_ \ \--:.·-·.. '·:; I : I I -1 : - \ r- . ----i· I -~-·· I : 1/ '(\ F:,.'?- ~--::c_:·_._.. _ ;------~- .... · ~-~. ~: .: . .-.:··.: /I -;\ .· ,.. \ ) (':I ! \f \ /I ' :-1 ' \I., I /\ : E 0 .. "'~- \\ ,, 'T .... :\ !J .. I -1 \, I I I :\ i -I ~ ;\ ' I --, '' ~---, ' I I' -I I ' I ' : : ' : ' -[ '

N I F- .,:::-.I I / ~- ., i - ,, ' I' .,\ I i ~~. 0 I \, I c= -:-<'

-==:;, - .. = -~:: --.:-·· --·.· --~·-- ...

-110- '"rj 1-'· OQ. .N f-' .0"1

::0 (1) I] 0.n Capper Pass I-' 1-'· 1-1-o Smelting Works · 1-1-o '"rj 1-'· ro '"0 I-' '1 0. ro s: I I Ill ro t-' I-' >< t-' 7\"' n (1) Ill t-' 0. < I Ill Ill rt '1 1-'· (1) 0 Ill ::l. 1-1-o 1-'· ro I-' 0. s: 2 I 0 '1 ,!~ 'l' --r::- ··- ··l' :-k: :l• v .• 7\"' ' >l-:: -* : .~ ,v_ J~ - ~ :k ~ ' - ,_v._ •k ,L~ '·- v _k ·~.< k ,~_ :J._ •v . + Feature 3 - ok . : · :l-: · - >1-. :-k ·L~ • . ok >1-. ·!.- oJL - :k - •Y. "o.V. ,!~ •k: . . *··.k >k ± ·l' -- 1: 'k :L . - ''~ •. ,u "::!.< 0 100 200 300 t,oom R. HUMBER 1 1 I I I SF ' \ ', \ KI ', \ 0 ' \ ' \ I ' \ \ ~· \ ¢. ' \'.,.,oO_.... \ ' ; \ ~ .... , \ ...... \ "'« ':1 \ (")(") \ 0-1 ~ \ (" \ <.P. 9 \ 0 ', <'.t- (il \ LU ', ~ \ ' (")(' I ' I "'-, I \ I '\ \ ' ', QSP ', b HO

···· .

•

TH

Fig. 2.17 Settlement and communications in Late Iron Age Lincolnshire, after May 1976,1984

,_..,...,....--... _,. Assumed prehistoric routeway

0 Certain or probable major settlements • Small settlements

.· .... Possible IA coastline

NF North Ferriby LI Lincoln SF South Ferriby AN Ancaster OW Old Winteringham HO Horncastle DR Dragonby SP Spilsby KI Kirmington OS Old Sleaford OWM Owmby TII Thistleton LU Ludford

-112- Key to fig. 3.1

Drift geology:

D alluvium till

chalk blown sand

glacial sand and gravel

PD Ld dry chalk valley and terrace gravels

Kimmeridge clay

Archaeology [all symbols have Gazetteer entry nos]:

e IA/RB AP site, category 1

0 IA/RB AP site, category 2

excavated RB settlement features or material in quantities sufficient to indicate settlement

£ ~ RB material [open = approx. position]

• RB coin hoard

..-. RB cremation burial

-113- :::1 ~ C>J..... ~ Ct> IJJ 8" p. '< ~ Ct> ~ >---<

~co ~­ iti Y' ~ :::1 p. ;Jj co ~. M­ et> (JJ

~ :::1 p. ::n :::1 p. (JJ 'd 0 M­oo

6 8 .A.

.A. 73 Sutton Fields !::,. 7 5 .A...... 64 .A. 74 93

!::,. A 99 .A. .A. 63 65 .A. 102 .A. 200 '~., ~ ~ 61 .A. 30- 214 .A. A .A. .. . - - 221 62 8_4_) !::,. 9 5 L> 71 !::,. A 79 129

River Humber

0 0 SETA 05 10 15

-11Lt- ") ('- ...... , 1 ~ Crop/soil marks Fig. 3.2 < -., AP settlement features ~v1-­ ·, _,.-..... __ ,._.,..-·-· Con t o u r s ( m ) .,_ SW of Bishop Burton . ,J I After Waugh 1984, fig.S. !Jr j/ I r.:a Modern Farms I ·...... 1! ·, .J'ul \\ '"\ CY Waugh's study areas ., ~· I') ' ·,_,...) \ ( ..-;; \ / ' \, ~ \ ~, ' IL_ '(;\ ,, ' i ·--, '\ll.) \''\ ./j rtJ \ I VILL.(\GE I . ,, ' I / ··., 2 '· '] - .az.I lf'l ,~,-~ '"-~ / .-4 .' ,.<:.""""" ""' -· ...... \:l .-4 ~-. ~ I (._/ " ) ~ -~ -- ,.-\ .--, __ ''•-. -·- I '' ?//;;' " ( Q ·-·-,·-...... (-·'. c.-· 1 ~-~.·. ',~I··: @~~,~o" -,/.' ,-• '..--I~· .JI..:f~'· I (~( ~ '·J·, "'' :· { ~,;'·--~! .. ~ ~() . \ ~ 1 ) l \ 5 ', ·~ I· ,·"1 / /// I / ·' ~~·,.,\•, \ } • ~-:.'!'()~~ · e't ,,.)lr·'. ( \ ad ' i ...,a / / / .•· C,\.\•' ! • 0 ~ 4~ "'""l ' i / .i • It-·-. .: . . I -/ .• ",, .J ''" (...' . -~. " / '• " . .;) \-.-·o1 __ ;--,\ / _,.,-" / \','-\ ..·' .) .,; ·' / ..... / . . ,, ,. . / . .,., -:fv / / r/ Fig. 3.3. Soilmarks at Bishop Burton,Area l.(After Waugh 1984,fig. 7)

-116- Fig. 3.4. Soilmarks at Bis~op Burton, Area 2. I I (After Waugh 1984, fig. 8.) lOOm ...... / Direction of linewalk

/ '-'- ...... / ...... I / ~\ 1-' ~7 1-' N -- \\ -...J / I - / \ \\ """' \ \\ ...... - ./ \\ -- - ' \\ L - ./ \ ~/ / - /\/ / / ---- ./ // ,.-/ / -- - _,;;:/ )ZJ / r-- --- L_..,.~/ / / ~ t---L I __ -::-->< / a~7 =:::::::--- - ;:::::- =--- ./ 7 #;~/ -- -- - ...... - 7/ ~;/ 100 m

N

Fig.3.5. Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 3, (After Waugh 1984, fig.9).

§ Soil marks

-118- Fig. 3~6 Neolithic and Bronze Age finds from the

Cottingham / Woodmansey gravels.

~ boulder clay

[3J sands and gravels

D alluvium

• findspot

1. Late Bronze Age gold bracelets, Cottingham.

2. Neolithic stone axes, Northmoor Farm.

3. Hall Ings tumuli.

4. Neo. and BA pottery, Burn Park Farm.

5. Neolithic discoidal knife, White Hall Farm.

-119- ' '\ \ SDY I r .-· I \ I ' I Loatleys ~ ' 0 / EB6 f ' Eppleworth \ / .- , __ I HPE ( ,,..,.,.. ,...... , -----T .J.- HULL I / \ 0 Kirk Ella \... ___ _ ,;-' / SD \ I , / \. I I ! I /..t·l ....,.-· D \ ,I Swanland- l1 1 ( ' . I I \ \ \ NF \ \ \ \

Fig. 3.7 English and Scandinavian woodland names west of Hull.

civil parish boundary HPE etc parish code ( see Appendix 1 )

0 leah name D lundr name .D. viar name ffi wudu name

0 1 2 3 4 5 kms

-120- Till 6 Pottery kiln ~ ! 'Corn-drier' D Alluvium • Cremation + Pottery r7l Et.l Other small finds L2J Sands and gravel 0 AP2 site Leconfield parish boundary 30 etc Gazetteer Nos

-121- N t BEVERLEY

Little Risby • Hunsley

Rowley

Fig. 3.9 Location of Rowley Parish and its townships

0 kms 5

-122- 225~

.. " .. Fig. 3.10 Glacial spillways at Risby. After De Boer 1958. --- spillway. -I = earlier, -I I = later ...... · .. · · · · . · Rowley parish boundary

Risby township boundary

---125 contours in feet CD Western (Neolithic) flint scatter £. IA/RB occupation _site @ Eastern. (Bronze Age?) flint scatter DMV Risby DMV II Earliest manor house (Cellar Heads)

-123- BENTLEY TOWNSHIP 35 '\To O.S.Grid North

---

Fig. 3.11 PARK FARM, RISBY. Field numeration of area walked.

--- Parish boundary ------Township boundary

DMV I (A) Field Nos . ~ 0 50 lOOm I...J::;d Parkland [I / Pasture rn Woodland

•••••• Field boundary Footpath Track ~ Modern~ roads

-124- 4 225~ •

Fig. 3.12 Archaeology of Risby Township. II sites known in 1982 Risby township boundary ~ sites discovered post 1982

1. DMV 6. IA/RB occupation 2. Risby Hall 7. Flint scatter 3. Cellar Heads 8. Flint scatter 4. AP site (G.138) 9. Post-med building? 5. Round barrow?

-125- 0 100 200 J Metres

······ ...... ·. 9 :··· . • • 4 Field 1 •••••• • • Resistivity survey block (Fig.3.15)

Approx. Southern limit of scatter 8 • Field 3 --. - -0 - Ll") .-; • • • •• •• • i Field 2 ..• .• • •. · .. .• •

Fig.3.13

Field 2, Risby . Extent of IA/RB scatter with principal find spots 1. "Rhenish" ware (Fig. 3.17) 6. Quern 2. Stamped samian (Fig.3.18) 7. Bog-ore? 3. Constantin ian coinage 8. Cordoned urn (Fig.3.14) 4. Quern 9. Pelta (Fig.3.18) (Approx.) 5. Quern 10. 4th. century NV flagon

-126- n 0 'i :£ c.. c 0 0 ;:, 0. 2..

< (/) IV (') Vl C)) Vl IV '"""'IV ...... '"""' N

-127- N~

(mag.) 28:10:84

A

· ~n~ . w•• ,,,.~~t' "~,..' .<:~;. 1• H';(.. , . ·• e ::.; ., ' · ~ ~·; 7;i( ~;· :_;~ : I . ffl~i,~~.:;-?~::_~: ·=: ;·. :::t-~. ··: 1 ' · .:: ' ..: • •• ~l "' ·.. ! I ...... ,i:l A~;r,r: , ..... N c ( ', -~· ' . co ~:· : . .·' ...(l·- • :,i ·,. •> . ,. . _,_: :~ I l .• ;- ~ :· · - '• ·.; · \l t\,>·~· \\~~; ~ ... . ·I' ..: .. B Fig. 3.15 Fishpond Wood, Risby Resistivity survey

0 40 Ill Resistance over 30 ohms

metres c=J Resistance under 25 ohms Vale of York

House

10 ki lomerres

10miles (\ lJ

Fig. 3.16. Cordoned LPRIA

pottery in East Yorkshire.

-129- / :·.-\~.:_.... ·r······· :..

C2:) Drawn by Belinda Whitwell

/

0

Fig. 3.17 Lezoux "Rhenish" ware (scale 1:1) 1. Sherd as found.

2. Vessel in N.M.W. (after Simpson)

-130- / .cd/ .. '::1

. . . -~·· ---- ·o ~., •. / :{

0 Dr. 33 of Borillus (i) of .Lezoux (1: 1)

iI_ ~

\ \

~ Greyware jar (1:4)

)' )

~ Copper-alloy pelta form fitting (1:1) Fig. 3.18

-131- 00 01

36 RB Occupation Site \59

1 km

35 ,... ,. --- I ,' , , , ,

, ...... t 0. S Grid North

34

Fig. 3.19 Fields with RB pottery near line of possible Roman road.

route of Margary 813 suggested by Armstrong, Grice and Whitcombe . -. - parish boundaries field without RB pottery

~ field with RB pottery

-132- Fig. 3.20 Distribution of RB material Main Risby Fields l-15 • tN Coins :::::::?/:::::::::?/:? Main seat ter 3 1//11 Small amounts of material 6 Coins • ~'\-~(, ~~~ ~ ~~ I ~~ ("'() ("'() '-\ 't>'\-'\)>~ ...... I ~ ~(J~ 't>

'- lOOm

\ / j ' \ \ \ ' ' ' ' ' ' ) '. \ I I / \...... ' ' . _.)' / /

/ /

/

/

/

) 0 ' (/) \ / G) ' / '"'i v· f-1· ' ,0-, z .,0 rr ;:r _ ' Fig. 3.21 Burn Park Farm Field 1 Crop marks.

-134- z .,0 n ::r n :0::: 0 0 0 :0::: § 0. 0 0 0 ::l 0. 8ro Ol Q.. 0 :(

'"0 !-'· ~ g: ~ >: ., 0 "0 k 0 ;;- 0. H f:c tfi ~ ~ r:- 0'0 tfi fE. z ~ 0 * ~ .., -:. I;'- IE- ~ ;;- I'; K- ~ ~

>-:l 0 2 H (') n 1-:j H 0 f-'· ~ C/0 I-' ~ 0\ H 0 z (.;.) :z: 0 GJ ... N ~ N

-135- 250m

-- / / -- //" /I' // I ...... w '\ \ 0 ...... __ _,/;// 0' ,, .. " .-// I CD '' ~' ',r '' 1<. co"-"-"y,e .- Fig: 3.23 '' \\nrnVaf ~ _____ ,...... ,....~'>/ ' ,.- .,-- CD ' .... ---_... ,~ -....- __.. -- \ -- BURN PARK FARM --- \ ,.:".r ...... { Areas field walked .\ :-. ,\ 0 to 0 Field nos \ 0 \ \ ,.0 ~ boundary ditches \ <;>)..... \ ~ road \~? \ (.") L ______·' ~\ Fig. 3.24

BURN PARK FARM : Distribution of post-medieval pottery south of farm complex. Sherds per 2500m2 (:0.25 ha) contours at 0.25 + 1.0 units • = 1 sherd

Field 1.

\ 250m \....o \ ~...... \ ~ \ 0 \~ 0.25 \\ ?("l \ \ \

-137- N t

.... . • .. .. •

I . . ..~ ,, •,: chalk scatter FARM

Scale. 1:2,500

125m Fig.3.25 Burn Park Farm. Field 1. Initial survey • =1 sherd IA/RB pottery

-138- Fig. 3.26 Burn Park Farm. Field 3.

Burn Park.Cottages

C/l . \ ,.... 0 \ ~9" r: \ ,<> ~...... \ 1 \ ~-:) \~ \ \

Boundary of farm and civil parish

Distributio~ ~f IA/RB pottery, Field 3.

1 sherd, line walked

+ 1 sherd from western scatter,

haphazard collection.

0 50 100 m

-139- No. of sherds - - - 10

,-- ,-- r- 5

r-- 1-- .-

I I I n 0 Line 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Fig.3.27

FIELD 1. Linewalk No. of RB sherds per line

-140- G 1 .. (11) 1 (9) 1 (10)

F 8 (134) 8 (73) 1 (12)

E 5 (39) 8 (95) 4 (116)

1-< 0 -.J D u 2 (58) 4 (65) 0

c 1 (45) 4 (39) 0

-

B 1 (6) 0 1 (26)

A 0 0 0

3 2 1 line (A-G)

Fig. 3.28 Field 1. Sub-divided linewalk. Lines 1-3 No. of sherds per line sector (A-G). Wt (grams) in brackets.

-141- F:ig. 3.29 BlWN I'AIut..ion, F:ield 3 C:Lidded SCi.ltter.

,------~

2sg

~

;J ~- I .s N -.j'" rl I 0' ·a r-:0' 5 s.v 7.0

:z.s 2 -5.

b. As a.), but as if widked on oue ax:i.s a. All IA/Rll by sherJ uo. c. All I A/Rll h y wc:i.glt t 2 SherJs per 100m2, at 2.5 ::;her·J only. Contours at 2Sg :i uterv•d s, per lOOur . :intervals Fig.3.29.

~ <;/~2s ().

0' 0.5

zo----- "- I I I 1\ I \ \ I I I C'i') --'1" I I I \ I rl 1.5~ '\ ""' I \ \I I I

25 G)~~ I I I \ ~.o 0 ~()·/I ~"---/')_() :1 ') I I I - - '\- '.fo

d. Fabric A by sherd no. e. Fabric A by. wej ght. f. Fabric B by ~1erd no. 2 Sherds per 100m2, at O.Srn intervals. Wt per 100m , at 5 gr-am jut.:ervals. Sherds per 100m2, at 0.25 intervals. Fig. 3.29.

5

()~

()/ ':> v I ~ ~ 10 .-4 I

10

/

g. Fabric B by weight. h. Fabric C by sherd no. i. Fabric C by weight. Wt per 100m2 , at 5 gram Sherds per 100m2 , at 0.5 Sherds per 100m2, at 5 gram intervals. sherd intervals. intervals. Fig. 3.29.

5

o. l.s 10

I ·o.

/

I I.J"'' ..::t...... I

"\~ (')'

o.s

0.25

j. F;:~hr:ic D hy :;hen! no. k. f;:~~ri~ D hy wc:i~ht. _ • . Shercls per 100m2, ;:~t: 0.25 i.nterv;:~J.s. WeJ.ght per lOOm·, iJI. 5 gr<~ms .t.nterv;:~ls. Fig. 3.30a ) BURN PARK FARM Distribution of Fabric B pottery (line-walking only) ScAle: 250m Line-walked Area One symbol = one sherd / "'ithin Field 1 /

• I / f-> ,..,// +:-- G) • ,.-,. 0' I \ ,,\ __ -~ ----

• •• • • • • Fig. 3.30b ) Fabric B sherds within gridded scatter.

Sc~lc: SOm 250m

~-).e\-~ \.

-..v.e~ '~~a.l- ~ot. }_ine "'a1-\<.ed \--).~e --- / / / // I !---" .j::-­ -._J I

/ Fig.3.31

Pottery distribution, all IA/RB fabrics, south and west of Field 1.

Contours at 0.25,1.0,2.5, and 5.0 sherds per 2,500 m2 (=·0.25 ha)

----...... : ::::: - \ \ No.1

·;.::.:- ·._.: h 6 ... ·.. . ,. · .. :. 0 .6:-

0

No.2

• . u ..... ,. _,.. ::·.: ..... : .' .··:.. .·- •• , ..... :-:--: .. #•· ..,.-,. • .... ··- -·

D o 0

No.3 ------~

Fig.3.32 Hand made pottery from Burn Park Farm. (1:1)

-148- Fig. 3.33. Greyware container of Constantinian hoard from Swine (G.155). Scale 1:2

-149- Eske Carrs

Fig. 3.34. Location of High Eske Fm.

D Alluvium

~ Till

~ Sand and gravels

1 mile

-150- F:i.g. 3. 35 High t:ske- - l'arm,- Map 1.

W Numb~!"ed fields (walked) +1 Eske Carrs ~ Farm complex

1 '3(. DMV earth works

~ Medieval rig and farrow

+3 spot height (m) I .-I If\ .-I ~ I .j,.J +2 I 6 .!o I .j,.J

.::..~ ~ ""/

.j,.J ~

+1

+2 Fig. 3.36: High Eske Farm. Field 3. High

ff\\ . -::,,·.~ . &I! /'~.0:.~ ~\1 .­ '''~'11 --/1;.. cl - \ .:;.. __ '• . . ---· .. ~ ::-·-,-'i'l'/ ,:::.\\.,, ,• \1.,-·1 I ".;_,i/ ~\\'·=··,.- ..r..-:: ,-~ .,,:.;;::; ~1/,,•_ •-..: '-l. ~il•i "'.• -·\';::-,"·~~..::·-,.,/~,__.: !·,\==-'::..·, ,-·\:::.:.tt:;__.,\'!1·,-::');\\~,,~...:- ..,.,. .. tt:t: ,,. ""' -:-:"' '-::;::-;.-==!!,!. ·--;.-/ -..: \\·,,,* ·- . ~,-f-'i ~ ~II ~"<;'>11 CCI\'\,\\ ';{.II:<; _,;o-; '1,_ ". "'- '\\ • ·~·l\~ .IJ ... :"/, q_..'i'Wt ,(\/},'),;-' fl'~ ;:,~'/ < original discovery of RB pottery - .r~:tf1.,~:,.~1.2:'1!~-,\·::, -,.:::11-~- 'l~tf.ll.-,11.~,,"" "'~:-----.;-r- -- "'I,,_ ~ "'- -1 ~7 ,, .,,. • I "---• .,::;,.__ ,, If.'==-''; .--....::::::~~-=-~-==..:;,~--~--:;;.-, ~, ...-..-=-.~u-:::- ___ / · =1r-""'~.:::--"_--:-;:, ,, .. /!.:::;- 'l.\~ = I "<-\\::::::: Pond;-~ :lb--:-':;;;;.11 _:;;._,.-....,_ _..., :::' -_,, '::::/j, not walked- I ~J.·:~u; ~-~"' - tf.::C.''-~11-:.~ I I I I I subdivisions of fieldwalked areas. I I I I West I Central I East N I I 11"1 I I ...--l I I I I I I I I I •

[3

Eske Manor Wt(g) Sherds 1200 60 (1132) . Fig. 3.37 I<,56 , )X·::::·:·:i I High Eske Area 3 1986 _ 1987 I Chronological distribution of sherds 1100 55 by no. of sherds Ea ( n = 148 ) 1000 50 Histogram 1 by wt. of sherds CJ ( total = 2473g ) ...... 900 45 ...... Sherd wt. shown to next 20 gram unit ...... ······ ...... 800 40 ...... 700 35 (640) r:-:-:-:-:-:-:; 600 30 I ...... ,_...... Vl w 500 25 I ...... 400 20 ......

·:.-:.·::. 300 15 ...... ····· .. 200 10 ...... ·····

100 5 ...... 0 0 - PERIOD l 11 111 1V v Vl Vll Vlll UNCERTAIN

DATE £.250-loOO I £.lo00-fl50 I £.850-llOO 1£· UOO-i200I£·l200-1350I£·1350-l500I£·l500-l700I£·1700-1988 Fig. 3.38

Histogram 2 Average sherd weight per period ( to nearest gram ) 25g

20g Average sherd weight -----1------~---- 15g- I r-' Vl ~ I lOg -

Sg -

Og ------1 11 111 IV v Vl Vll Vlll 0

1<"" 13 Ul I • 0 Cf.l C") N ..., :::0 1-'· 0.. :z 2 0 3: ..., l:;j M' ;;1 ::T

Fig. 3.39 Greylees Avenue (1984) in relation to late IA and RB sites and findspots within Hull City boundary as published by Loughlin and Miller 1979.

~ excavated settlement features

+ pottery

EB coin

~:\1 sands and gravels

~ till

D alluvium

-155- a b

..... ~ ...... I ...., ......

...... I

~~ ~ ·~·-·-·-·-·-·-·-1 ~·-·-·-·-·-·-· Phase 1 Phase 2

c d !·-...... I ......

Phase 3 Phase 4 domestic refuse and clay e f :-... "·I ...... I ...... , ...... I ...... I ...... ~ ...... ~ ...... ~ ~

I . • 1 ~ L._._._.!::. __.i.J ·-·-·-·-·-·-·~ Phase 5 Phase 6

Fig. 3.40. Greylees Avenue, 1984. Diagrammatic representation of excavator's phasing.

-156- \

.~~~·P_·~~.:~~~~~~,,~~~~/~~~~~~ ... ~-~ .

////y)/<>Y?-'£9);. . •o. '0~ • /.Y;>;'(y).~/( ~:?;« · . ./JJ / ',(// /~j~- ~// , 1/ ~/, /V {/';(/· /v //v /Y; / ~ / /./ . y //~« -·'_ v . -' r:;{/ /'-., . ·' / - / -/ y / - . . f -- - /~0 . . . '/ / ~~lu/~~-~~~- .. -·~--·--~~-: -~%~~·;~~ M'/.-/ -17;\-~r.r,0 "'1111==11(.__ -_. . -~~/.. .. / -' / "//. ·-./- . . ~- 6 . -~-~ . . . ' ~~~ J?<~~ "'"!'=!!~=- . ·. ·. . . . ?.~ - . ·y: . . . ·.•.. % / ~ /' % -~ % " '111\:=~~ ·. · ...... 1 1 ~"!1JI;=( /__:__,~~'i~y:-~ 1111 ~ /,<$/ .0:· . '"~"II!)~ ~Z.. © "" ="".co"""'r.' "'.~'! "'-~'<;.rs@~ ""'~~:=~~~=~~~=~""-.[Ill =:::;11\lellll =:1111 ,Y,t~> ~~~"-"' .._ .f%(,/<

FIG. 3.41. GREYLEES AVENUE, 1984. Feature 1, Section 2. Reproduced from Crowther and Didsbury 1985, fig.l. (Drawing by D.Crowther) I 1-' Vl CJ:) I 0 lm I I I I I I I I I I I

FIG. 3.42. GREYLEES AVENUE, 1984. Feature l,Section 2. EMENDED STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS. 0 0\ 0

~0 ~~ ee; ~0 .i0\ 0 o+ V1 -...J -...J -...J ~· 0 ~ N g~ -...J +:---...J w V1 0

o"'"'e ~ 0 N

Fig. 3.43 Greylees Avenue in relation to late IA + RB sites and findspots, as recorded before 1984.

Q · coin ~ excavated settlement feature

0 pottery 97 etc~ Gazetteer nos. c=J substantial amounts of pottery + IA sword (published 1983) Solid symbols = published in Loughlin + Miller 1979

Half - shaded symbols = published other sources pre - 1984

Open symbols = Hull Museum Records pre - 1984 . sands and gravels 0 1 2 0 [1 till D alluvium

-159- ~ Land over 121' A 0 D

5 miles/8 Kms

Fig.3.44. The Hull valley. Main elements of natural drainage system.

-160- I I

.I I I I I HOLDERNESS I I I I 400 A.D. \ I \ \ \ \ I I N ' \ MILES \ 0 5 '

' \ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I 0 Forested clay

8J Meres and fens

~ Well defined river courses

Fig.3.45. Holderness in A.D.400 ace. to J. Sheppard

(After J. Sheppard 1956, fig.9)~

-161- ·: ...... , ·...... · ·, .... •.: ~·. :• .. :.• :- .. :• ·.··· ·.·' ·:. ..·•' .. . ·.· .. .:·::. .. ·,, .... •' ·.: ·:...... , .~ ...... ·::;_:. ,. ·.. · ··· .. ·,· ·-: .. ·.· . ;:_ ...... · ·...... • ...... · ' •, jr

FIG. 3.46. Small jar or beaker from National Avenue,HULL(G.61) Much restored, Seal~ 1:1.

-162- 6..206 Greylees Ave.

69 L. TA 0834

0 66

68 0

• 73

Fig. 3.47 West bank RB settlement focus.

0 100 200 300 m

~ excavated settlement features 0 coin • pottery

large amounts of pottery

+ fibula 76 etc. Gazetteer nos.

-163- Fig.3.48.

Hull alluvium deposit.lA & RB finds in relation to the height of the buried till surface.After Didsbury 1988, fig.2.3 .

w • I lw 0 Vl • 0

0 •

''------~1 .:) \ • 0 ' ... _ _..ri • Vl I I ,~ 0 ,' t ~ ..... ,------...... _,, I_'

• .-··.:· .... ·· .·· .. ·· .... : . • //·6

····~····... ···· .. .. Oe -~ Qo • Q:l f'l "' 1:l 0 3 0 :::l 0 ;; :::;- 0 0 "< 0 :::l .... 0... 0...

\ I ,...., I \ ::<""" I 3 V\ G) I

V\ G) !-'J ····· ... : ' 0 .... OJ \ I'll 3 "< "':::;- 0 .@'-. 0 l'tl / (_ - c: l'tl 0 V\ I'll .0 l> 0 .. ,...... -----) < ·· ..• ·o .... ·· .······· I'll ·. /'-"".,. "0... .-·.,...... ,.. . .· , \ l ' / \ ' \ ...... I ' '-..! \j _.,) I I I > w I co '-7 • I I -J I I I 1 I V) ,~' 0 I I '' .I cP I \_, .... ---,'\ _,I '~ I --- l '" ' ..•

-164- Height (m)

+ 4-

+ 3-

+ 2- Early RB land surface ...... at Greylees Avenue

+ 1-

OD

- 1-

_.._ -2- MSL (MTL) c. AD 400 ? ------

b'" MSL (MTL) c. AD 1 ? ::l -3- ~ f--•-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-

-4-

FIG. 3.49 Postulated tidal levels in the Humber in the Roman period.

-165- Fig. 3.50 Early medievel hamlets on alluvium east of the Hull; with RB finds from Marfleet.

N ..j' 0 ,....; ,....; ,....; N 0 . . ,....; c.:l c.:J c.:J ~ ~ •

.j.J ~ ~ .....,...; "'1-; co ::E:

>, ~~ 1-; ~ ~ ~ .j.J .j.J c:: 0 .j.J ·r-i u 0 0 ..c: p... u .j.J :l :::::l :::::l 0 p:: p:: C/) ~ •

-166- Fig. 3. 51. The lower Hull _valley. Location of civil parishes.

For Key to Loughlin and Miller(1979)parish codes, see following page. Inner frame = study area ..

-167- BIBLIOGRAPHY

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