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Durham E-Theses Aspects of late iron age and Romano-British settlement in the lower Hull valley Didsbury, Michael Peter Townley How to cite: Didsbury, Michael Peter Townley (1990) Aspects of late iron age and Romano-British settlement in the lower Hull valley, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6477/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. ASPECTS OF LATE IRON AGE AND ROMANO-BRITISH SETTLEMENT IN THE LOWER HULL VALLEY by MICHAEL PETER TOWNLEY DIDSBURY In two volumes: VOLUME TWO Thesis submitted for the degree of M.Phil. in the University of Durham (Department of Archaeology) June 1990 *** 2 t MAR 1991 CONTENTS VOLUME TWO Page Contents 1 List of illustrations 2 List of civil parishes 8 APPENDIX 1. THE GAZETTEER Introduction 9 The Gazetteer 14 Illustrations 82 Bibliography 168 *** - 1 - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1.1 National and regional location of the study area. 83 1.2 East Riding relief. 84 1.3 The Wolds and Holderness: drift geology. 85 1.4 The Wolds and Holderness: diagrammatic cross-section. 86 1.5 The study area, with sites mentioned in section 1.4. 87 Key to figs 2.1-2.2 and 2.4-2.5 88-90 2.1 IA square barrows in relation to drift geology. 91 2.2 IA square barrows north of Scarborough. 92 2.3 Swine barrow group in relation to drift geology. 93 2.4 IA sites and finds on the till and chalk west of the Hull. 94 2.5 Late IA sites and findspots. Southern alluvia. 95 2.6 Plan of settlement at Salthouse High School, Hull. 96 - 2 - Page 2.7a) Salthouse High School and the 2.7b) topography of the Sutton Clays. 97-98 2.8 Chapel Farm, Weel. Location and geology. 99 2.9a Beehive quern, Chapel Farm, Weel. 100 2.9b Location of material, Chapel Farm, Weel. 101 2.10 Chapel Farm, Weel. Chronological distribution of sherds by number. 102 2.11 Chapel Farm, Weel. Histogram 1. 103 2.12 Chapel Farm, Weel. Histogram 2. 104 2.13 Pottery from Chapel Farm, Weel. 105-108 2.14 Redcliff. Geological section. 109 2.15 Redcliff. Eastern end of cliff section. 110 2.16 Redcliff. Pre-excavation fieldwork. 111 2.17 Settlement and communications in latee Iron Age Lincolnshire. 112 Key to fig. 3.1. 113 3.1 The study area. IA/RB AP sites, with RB sites and material finds. 114 - 3 - Page 3.2 AP settlement features SW of Bishop Burton (after Waugh 1984). 115 3.3 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 1. 116 3.4 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 2. 117 3.5 Soilmarks at Bishop Burton, Area 3. 118 3.6 The Cottingham/Woodmansey gravels. Pre-Iron Age sites and finds. 119 3.7 English and Scandinavian woodland names west of Hull. 120 3.8 RB sites and finds from the vicinity of the Leconfield gravels. 121 3.9 Location of Rowley parish and its townships. 122 3.10 Glacial spillways at Risby. 123 3.11 Park Farm, Risby. Field numeration of area walked. 124 3.12 Archaeology of Risby township. 125 3.13 Field 2, Risby. Extent of IA/RB scatter, with principal findspots. 126 3.14 Cordoned LPRIA vessel from Fishpond Wood, Risby. 127 - 4 - Page 3.15 Fishpond Wood, Risby. Resistivity survey. 128 3.16 Cordoned LPRIA pottery in East Yorkshire. 129 3.17 Lezoux "Rhenish Ware" from Risby. 130 3.18 Pottery and metalwork from Risby. 131 3.19 Fields with Roman pottery near possible line of Margary 813. 132 3.20 Distribution of RB material. Risby Fields 1-5. 133 3.21 Burn Park Farm. Field 1 AP features. 134 3.22 Cottingham£· 1600. 135 3.23 Burn Park Farm. Areas field-walked. 136 3.24 Burn Park Farm. Distribution of post- mediaeval pottery south of farm complex. 137 3.25 Burn Park Farm. Field 1, initial survey. 138 3.26 Burn Park Farm. Field 3. Distribution of IA/RB pottery. 139 3.27 Burn Park Farm. Field 1. Distribution of line-walked RB pottery. 140 3.28 Burn Park Farm. Field 1. Pottery distribution, Lines 1-3. 141 - 5 - Page 3.29 Burn Park Farm. IA/RB pottery distribution. Field 3 gridded scatter. 142-145 3.30a Burn Park Farm. Distribution of Fabric B pottery. 146 3.30b Burn Park Farm. Fabric B sherds within gridded seat ter. 146 3.31 Burn Park Farm. Pottery distribution, all IA/RB fabrics. 147 3.32 Fabric B pottery from Burn Park Farm. 148 3.33 Coin-hoard container from Swine. 149 3.34 Location of High Eske Farm. 150 3.35 High Eske Farm. Area field-walked. 151 3.36 High Eske Farm. Field 3. 152 3.37 High Eske Farm. Pottery histogram 1. 153 3.38 High Eske Farm. Pottery histogram 2. 154 3.39 Greylees Avenue (1984) in relation to Late !A and RB sites and findspots within Hull city boundary, as published by Loughlin and Miller 1979. 155 3.40 Greylees Avenue 1984. Diagrammatic representation of excavator's phasing. 156 - 6 - Page 3.41 Greylees Avenue 1984. Feature 1, section 2. 157 3.42 Greylees Avenue 1984. Feature 1, section 2. Emended stratigraphic relationships. 158 3.43 Greylees Avenue in relation to late IA and RB sites and findspots from Hull, as recorded before 1984. 159 3.44 The Hull valley. Main elements of natural drainage system. 160 3.45 Holderness in A.D. 400, after J. Sheppard. 161 3.46 Greyware jar from National Avenue, Hull, G.61. 162 3.47 West bank RB settlement focus. 163 3.48 Hull alluvium deposit. IA and RB finds in relation to the height of the buried till surface. 164 3.49 Postulated tidal levels in the Humber in the Roman period. 165 3.50 Early mediaeval hamlets on alluvium east of the Hull; with RB finds from Marfleet. 166 3.51 The lower Hull valley. Location of civil parishes. 167 - 7 - LIST OF CIVIL PARISHES All parishes which lie wholly or in part within the study area are listed below, with parish codes employed by Loughlin and Miller 1979. For location of parishes, see fig. 3.51. BEVERLEY BLY BILTON BLN BISHOP BURTON BB BURTON CONSTABLE BC CHERRY BURTON CB CONISTON CSN ELLEREY EY ETTON ETN HALTEMPRICE HPE HATFIELD HD HULL (no code) LECONFIELD LFD LOCKINGTON LKN MOLESCROFT HC NORTH FERRIBY NF PAULL PL PRESTON PSN RISE RE RISTON RTN ROUTH RH ROWLEY RY SKID BY SDY SKIRLAUGH SH SWANLAND SD SWINE SWE TICK TON TTN WALKINGTON WKN WAWNE WHE WELTON WLN WITHERNWICK WNK WOODMANSEY WY - 8 - APPENDIX 1. THE GAZETTEER. Introduction The Gazetteer is intended to be a full and critical record of Iron Age and Romano-British sites and findspots in the study area. In the cause of future research the small amount of Anglian material from the study area has also been recorded. The Gazetteer constitutes the database which had to be constructed before the present research could take place, and augments and corrects previous published sources such as Loughlin and Miller 1979. The latter recorded few material finds from the study area but was a comprehensive guide to sites known from aerial photography, and it is from this work that most of the AP sites lis ted below have been selected and categorised. It is hoped that the present compilation, by bringing together in one place the main sources of data (aerial photographic, artefactual, bibliographical and documentary/historical), will prove a useable and useful tool for further research. The Gazetteer contains 221 entries, of which 121 (55 %) are not recorded in Loughlin and Miller 1979. Some 72 entries (33 %) are published here for the first time, many of them relating to material finds within the city of Hull. Much attention has been paid to the correction of various classes of error, whether of fact or assumption, in previous printed sources, and it is hoped that the full critical apparatus will enable both artefactual material and sources of information to be easily located. - 9 - The entries are organised by civil parish, listed in alphabetical order. Each parish section is headed by the full parish name followed by a two- or'three-letter parish code in brackets. These codes are those adopted by Loughlin and Miller 1979. Parishes can be located by referring to fig. 3. 51, where the same codes are employed. A list of parishes all or part of which lie within the study area, with parish codes, immediately precedes this Gazetteer. Within each parish, entries are listed according to NGR, moving from west to east and south to north. Entries which can be provenanced no more closely than to a particular parish appear at the end of each parish section (~·&· "Swine provenance").