Redalyc.Early Selection of Elite Clones of an Ornamental Bromeliad in Vitro
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Ciência Rural ISSN: 0103-8478 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Manfio, Candida Elisa; Yoshimitsu Motoike, Sérgio; Coelho de Paula, Cláudio; Sávio Valente, Magno; Gamarano Melo, Cristiane Early selection of elite clones of an ornamental bromeliad in vitro Ciência Rural, vol. 40, núm. 7, julio, 2010, pp. 1537-1544 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33117728002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.40,Early n.7, selection p.1537-1544, of elite jul,clones 2010 of an ornamental bromeliad in vitro. 1537 ISSN 0103-8478 Early selection of elite clones of an ornamental bromeliad in vitro Seleção precoce in vitro de clones elite de uma bromélia ornamental Candida Elisa ManfioI, III* Sérgio Yoshimitsu MotoikeI Cláudio Coelho de PaulaII Magno Sávio ValenteIII Cristiane Gamarano MeloI, IV ABSTRACT benzylaminopurine), seleção de clones com valores ornamentais e estabelecimento de protocolo para propagação Orthophytum grossiorum is a typical bromeliad in vitro dos clones selecionados. Na primeira etapa, foi from Atlantic forestry threatened of extinction. The objectives observado que apenas 18.33% das plântulas germinadas in of this research were to select O. grossiorum clones with vitro eram responsivas a BAP. Essas plântulas foram ornamental values easy to propagate in vitro, and establish selecionadas e reproduzidas em in vitro, e cada plântula in vitro propagation protocols for these clones. The project selecionada e reproduzida constituiu um clone. Na segunda was developed in three steps: germination and in vitro etapa, esses clones foram estabelecidos ex vitro e selecionados selection of seedlings responsive to BAP (6- em relação aos atributos ornamentais. Nessa etapa, foram benzylaminopurine), selection of clones with ornamental selecionados cinco entre 11 clones. Esses apresentaram values, and establishment of protocol for in vitro propagation características fenotípicas distintas, sendo considerados de of the selected clones. In the first step only 18.33% of plantlets alta qualidade ornamental. Na terceira etapa, o protocolo germinated in vitro were responsive to BAP. These plantlets para em propagação in vitro foi desenvolvido para cada were selected and replicated in vitro several times, each clone selecionado. replicated plantlet constituting a clone. In the second step these clones were established ex vitro and surveyed for Palavras-chave: micropropragação, cultura de tecido, ornamental attributes. Five out of 11 clones were selected in melhoramento. this step. These clones presented distinct phenotypic traits and were considered of high ornamental quality. In the third step a protocol for in vitro propagation was developed for INTRODUCTION each selected clone. Key words: micro-propagation, tissue culture, breeding. Considering the current growing concern with the environment, and Brazil being one of the RESUMO largest centers of biological diversity in the world, Orthophytum grossiorum é uma bromélia emphasis has been given to stimulating the search for ameaçada de extinção típica de Mata Atlântica. Os objetivos alternatives for preservation and conservation of deste trabalho foram selecionar clones de O. grossiorum com certain species. One of the alternatives is to provide potencial ornamental e de fácil propagação in vitro e plants grown in nurseries to the market, to reduce the estabelecer protocolo de propagação in vitro para esses clones. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas: germinação e em pressure of exploitation of the wild ornamental seleção in vitro de plântulas responsivas a BAP (6- specimens. IDepartamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] *Autor para correspondência. IIDepartamento de Botânica, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. IIIPrograma de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. IVPrograma de Pós-graduação em Fitotecnia, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Received 02.05.10 Approved 06.01.10 Returned by the author 07.14.10Ciência Rural, v.40, n.7, jul, 2010. CR-3117 1538 Manfio et al. Orthophytum grossiorum is a new For some bromeliads the in vitro cultivation species of Bromeliaceae from Brazil described and can be a easy and simple method that provides a high illustrated by LEME & PAULA (2003). O. rate of multiplication and production of healthy plants, grossiorum is a bromeliad at risk of extinction and representes a wide variety of genotypes in space (MMA, 2009) and present several ornamental and a shorter time (RECH FILHO et al., 2005; POMPELLI characteristics. The species present distinct basal & GUERRA, 2006; SILVA et al., 2007). rhizomes, lepidote leaves, smaller spines on leaf Therefore, this research aimed to test a margin, inflorescence sometimes compound, yellow precocious selection of genotypes in vitro of O. floral bracts with smaller marginal spines, and grossiorum to obtain clones that are easy to propagate smaller flowers. It also displays intense contrasting in vitro and with ornamental potential. colors with brownish red leaves and its yellow floral bracts (LEME & PAULA, 2003). These MATERIAL AND METHODS characteristics combined with rusticity, small size, easy handling and adaptation as well as long-lasting This research was taken at the Laboratory inflorescence, makes it a perfect ornamental plant of Cell and Plant Tissue Culture and at the to be commercially explored (ANDERSON, 2007). Bromaliaceae Conservation and Research Unit However, it is not cultivated commercially, since no (UPCB). The research was carried out in three stages: agronomically-defined techniques are currently germination and selection of plantlets responsive to available at a commercial scale. To transform this BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), selection of high species into a commercial ornamental plant O. ornamental quality clones and protocol adjustment for grossiorum has to be tailored in two aspects: easy the in vitro propagation of each of the selected clones. propagation and uniform clones. For the germination and selection of BAP The first step in the breeding of a wild plant responsive plantlets, one ripe fruit (berries) of O. species is to define its propagation methods. The grossiorum, obtained by open pollination, were propagation of bromeliads can occur both through collected from one matrix plants established at the the seminiferous via and by natural vegetative Bromeliaceae Conservation and Research Unit(UPCB), propagation using axillary shoots (BENZING, 2000). in Viçosa-MG, and cleaned by washing in running water The vegetative process is the most used method of for 30 minutes. The sixty-three seeds extracted from propagation for commercial purposes. these fruit were then disinfected as follows: immersion Vegetative propagation in vitro, also known in alcohol 70% (v/v) for one minute, rinsing in sterile as micro-propagation, is a practical form of tissue deionized water, followed by immersion in sodium culture that has great impact on the propagation of hypochlorite (2.0% of active chlorine) and Tween 20 new clones. This system allows rapid clone (0,01%) for 15 minutes. Throughout the disinfection multiplication with high genetic fidelity. In cultivation process, the seeds were under agitation; afterwards, in vitro, the addition of growth regulators to the they were rinsed three times in sterile deionized water, cultivation medium, (specifically, cytokinins) is followed by inoculation in culture medium containing indispensable for breaking apical dominance and 50% MS (MURASHIGE & SKOOG, 1962) (macro and axillary bud induction (PAEK & HAHN, 2000). Of the micro salts) and supplemented with 30g l-1 MS cytokinins commercially available, 6- sucrose, vitamins and 100mg l-1 myo-inositol. Medium benzylaminopurine (BAP) is the most commonly used, pH was adjusted to 5.7±0.01 and the medium was because it is cheap and highly efficient in promoting solidified with 8.0g l-1 agar (Grupo Química®); 10mL of multiplication in several bromeliad species (GUERRA the medium was placed in assay tubes measuring et al., 1999; MERCIER & NIEVOLA, 2003; PASQUAL 25x150mm, and autoclaved at 121°C and 1.5atm for 20 et al., 2008). minutes. The tubes were sealed with plastic lids and For a successful in vitro vegetative transparent PVC film. After inoculation, the explants propagation, it is fundamental that the selected clones were transferred to the growth chamber at 25±2°C, with react to the stimuli applied to the growth environment, a photoperiod of 16 hours and irradiance of especially to growth regulators. However, the response 40μmol m-2 s-1, supplied by 40W white fluorescent of different plant species that are cultured in vitro, bulbs (Philips®). varies as a function of the genotype and the Based in our preliminary studies, performed cultivation conditions (MERCIE & NIEVOLA, 2003). by the same authors, the plantlets were transferred 60 One genotype-dependent particularity is that many days after germination into MS stationary liquid genotypes are recalcitrant to cultivation in vitro. containing 10μM of BAP. After 60 days, only the Ciência Rural, v.40, n.7, jul, 2010. Early selection of elite clones of an ornamental bromeliad in vitro. 1539 plantlets that responded