DOCSLIB.ORG

AJUR Volume 13 Issue 2 (June 2016)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AJUR Volume 13 Issue 2 (June 2016) Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 www.ajuronline.org Print Edition ISSN 1536-4585 Online Edition ISSN 2375-8732 Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 www.ajuronline.org 2 AJUR History and Editorial Board 3 Special Thanks to AJUR’s Sponsors 5 Robust Nonlinear Control of BLDC Motor in Quadcopter Applications Steven T. Elliott & Thomas W. Carr 15 Development of Four-Square Fiducial Markers for Analysis of Paper Analytical Devices Jenna Wilson, Tabitha Ricketts, Ian Bentley & Ewa Misiolek 29 Sensitivity Analysis of Common Input Parameters in Tools for Modeling Energy in Homes Sheikh Tijan Tabban & Nelson Fumo 43 Feeding Anti-Semitism: Representations of Jewish Food Practices in Der ewige Jude Forrest Picher 57 hTERT Suppression via Small Interference RNA in Cervical Cancer Cells Shawn Gray & Douglas Christensen 65 Malate : Quinone Oxidoreductase and Malic Enzyme are required for the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to Utilize Malate Zabrina Ebert, Preston Jacob, Katrina Jose, Lina Fouad, Katherine Vercellino, Steven Van Dorn, Mahaa Sidiqqi & Eve M. Mellgren 73 Engaging Students in Science through a Nature Hike: A Case of Two Students with ADHD Ashleigh Moore, Kristy Lynn Daniel & Aimée K. Thomas 81 Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Laghusoothshekhar (an Ayurvedic Formula) in Pyloric Ligature Induced Gastric Ulcers in Albino Rats Nilofer Sayed & Vandana Barve 87 Using Statistical Approaches to Model Natural Disasters Audrene S. Edwards & Kumer Pial Das 105 Explicit Solution for Cylindrical Heat Conduction Kaitlyn Parsons, Tyler Reichanadter, Andi Vicksman & Harvey Segur 1 American Journal of Undergraduate Research www.ajuronline.org American Journal of Undergraduate Research (AJUR) is a national, peer-reviewed, open-source, quarterly, multidisciplinary student research journal. It is indexed internationally by EBSCO, and is listed via the Library of Congress under ISSNs of 1536-4585 (for print) and 2375-8732 (for web). The journal was established in 2002. EDITORIAL TEAM Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 Dr. Kestutis G. Bendinskas, Editor, [email protected] Dr. Anthony Contento, Assistant Technical Editor, [email protected] Rose Throop, Art and Copy Editor, [email protected] Daniel Laird, Web Master, [email protected] Bonita Graham, LaTex Editor EDITORIAL BOARD by subject area ACCOUNTING BOTANY METEOROLOGY ENGINEERING, SOFTWARE Dr. Dean Crawford, Dr. William R. Bromer, Dr. Steven Skubis, Dr. Kevin Daimi, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ART HISTORY Dr. Julien Bachelier, NANOSCIENCE [email protected] ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Dr. Lisa Seppi, Dr. Gary Baker, Dr. Eileen M. Cashman, [email protected] CHEMISTRY [email protected] [email protected] ASTROPHYSICS Dr. Alfredo Castro, NEUROSCIENCE [email protected] GEOLOGY Dr. Shashi Kanbur, Dr. Pamela E. Scott-Johnson, Dr. Charles Kriley, Dr. Larry Davis, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Amy Overman, BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Dr. Douglas Mulford, HISTORY [email protected] Dr. Aileen M. Bailey, [email protected] Dr. Richard Weyhing, [email protected] Dr. Mark A. Benvenuto, PHYSICS [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Carolina Ilie, BIOCHEMISTRY Dr. Murat Yasar, [email protected] Dr. Pamela K. Kerrigan, COMMUNICATION STUDIES [email protected] POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES [email protected] Dr. Jennifer Gerometta, HONORARY EDITORIAL [email protected] BIOENGINEERING BOARD MEMBER Dr. Dean Dohrman, [email protected] Dr. Jorge I. Rodriguez, COMPUTER SCIENCES Dr. Lorrie Clemo, [email protected] Dr. Dele Oluwade, [email protected] PSYCHOLOGY [email protected] BIOINFORMATICS KINESIOLOGY / EXERCISE SCIENCE Dr. Amy Overman, Dr. Kevin Daimi, [email protected] Dr. Kevin Daimi, Dr. David Senchina, [email protected] Dr. Pamela E. Scott-Johnson, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ECOLOGY Dr. John R. Jungck, LITERARY STUDIES [email protected] Dr. William R. Bromer, STATISTICS Dr. Douglas Guerra, [email protected] Dr. Isabelle Bichindaritz, [email protected] Dr. Mark Ecker, [email protected] [email protected] ECONOMICS MATHEMATICS BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY Dr. Elizabeth Schmitt, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING [email protected] Dr. John Emert, Dr. David Dunn, [email protected] Dr. Recayi Pecen, [email protected] [email protected] EDUCATION, PHYSICS Dr. Jeffrey J. Boats, BIOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Dr. Andrew D. Gavrin, [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan, Dr. J.D. Phillips, [email protected] ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL [email protected] Dr. Dele Oluwade, BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY Dr. Michael Omidiora, [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Peter Newell, Dr. Christopher Baltus, [email protected] ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL [email protected] Dr. Eileen M. Cashman, Dr. Mark Baker, [email protected] [email protected] ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION, ROBOTICS Dr. Haoyu Wang, [email protected] Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 2 American Journal of Undergraduate Research www.ajuronline.org SPECIAL THANKS AJUR is made possible through the assistance of our sponsors. Support for this issue has been provided by Wiley as well as the Office of the Provost at the State University of New York at Oswego. Thank you! Interested in supporting quality undergraduate research? Request sponsorship information at [email protected] Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 3 American Journal of Undergraduate Research www.ajuronline.org Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 4 American Journal of Undergraduate Research www.ajuronline.org Robust Nonlinear Control of BLDC Motor in Quadcopter Applications Steven T. Elliott and Thomas W. Carr Department of Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX Student: [email protected] Mentor: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a nonlinear closed loop motor control system for a quadcopter micro-unmanned aerial vehicle (micro-UAV) platform. Research groups have analyzed the performance of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors with nonlinear effects in various applications, focusing on areas such as friction’s effect on position. This paper analyzes the nonlinear effects of BLDC motors on speed when these motors are used in quadcopter flying robots. Notably, to account for nonlinear torque from the aerodynamic forces on a quadcopter rotor, a Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) approach is used in designing a stable feedback control system. The paper also explains the custom model and simulation of the system built in MATLAB/Simulink used to demonstrate and quantify the successful performance of the design. KEYWORDS Control Lyapunov Function; Micro-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; Aerial Robotics; Quadcopters; Nonlinear Motor Control INTRODUCTION One area of research and development that has enormous potential is the multicopter micro-UAV. This flying robot typically uses four propellers, one mounted on each of the four ends of a cross-shaped frame as shown in Figure 1. Two propellers lying opposite to each other both rotate clockwise, and the other pair rotates counterclockwise, canceling the torques. Pitch, roll, and yaw movements are achieved by varying the speed of the motors; the robot carries an onboard controller and battery as well. 1 Quadcopters range in size as small as 6 centimeters from tip to tip and 3 grams in weight.2 Figure 1. A quadcopter micro-UAV. With their vertical flight and hover abilities, durability, and ease of use both indoors and outdoors, quadcopters are growing in popularity and have many promising applications, either as individual vehicles or in cooperation with others.2–5 Some of the uses include search and rescue, surveillance, exploration, photography, transport, and construction; quadcopters can be particularly helpful in environments that are inaccessible, contaminated, or otherwise dangerous.6, 7 The performance of the quadcopter depends on the speed of response of the motors in achieving controlled, stable flight. Research groups studying quadcopters often assume unchanging aerodynamics, but quadcopters experience significant aerodynamic disturbance effects due to their surroundings, complex interactions with multiple UAVs or, at small scales, even to mild wind gusts.7, 8 Researchers often deal with these by reducing the speed, keeping greater distance between the quadcopter and its surroundings, using simpler trajectories, attempting to limit the roll and pitch angles, and controlling the environment.2 Volume 13 | Issue 2 | June 2016 5 American Journal of Undergraduate Research www.ajuronline.org Quadcopters are poised to ecoe a idely used technology, an improements in uadcopter controls could have a significant ince , the , are ector fiels in . pecifically, they are equations of the for impact on their efficacy. Researchers have taken many ifferent approaches to this control system design, summarized ell in References 6, . few of the techniues include ehicle control loops that use feedbac linearization for elocity and attitue 1, 2, control, proportional-integral-deriatie (PI control for attitue and position, a preictor-corrector algorithm for angular Equati . elocity control,4 sequences of controllale trajectories accoplishing ore complex aneuvers,5 iteratie learning,5 and a decentralized adaptie controller for attitue and altitue.9 Instead,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigation of Dosimetric Effects of Radiopaque Fiducial Markers for Use in Proton Beam Therapy with Film Measurements and Monte Carlo Simulations
    Investigation of dosimetric effects of radiopaque fiducial markers for use in proton beam therapy with film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations Zerrin Uludag Thesis for Master of Science in Medical Radiation Physics 2014-04-10 Supervisors: Anders Montelius and Shirin Enger - 2 - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Anders Ahnesjö for helpful advice. - 3 - ABSTRACT Purpose: To estimate the dose perturbation introduced by implanted radiopaque fiducial markers in proton beam therapy (PBT) depending on the shape, orientation and localization of the marker. The aim was also to make a comparative study between the cylindrical proton gold marker (0.6 mm x 4.0 mm), used today in PBT, the photon marker (1.2 mm x 3.0 mm) and the Gold Anchor marker (0.28 mm x 20.0mm), a new type of marker developed by Naslund Medical AB for use in soft tissue. Background: In radiation therapy (RT), fiducial markers are often used in order to facilitate the tumour localization by using image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). However, the use of x-ray opaque markers in PBT can introduce unacceptable underdosage behind the marker in the target resulting in less effective tumour cell kill. Materials and methods: Radiochromic film measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations based on the Geant4 general-purpose simulation toolkit were used in this work for the estimation of the dose perturbation in presence of fiducial gold markers. The experiments were performed at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) which offers proton beams with a passive scattering technique. The fiducials were imbedded into Blue wax and the films were stacked behind the wax between thin PMMA slabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Image-Guided Radiation Therapy
    Image-guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is the use of imaging during radiation therapy to improve the precision and accuracy of treatment delivery. IGRT is used to treat tumors in areas of the body that move, such as the lungs. Radiation therapy machines are equipped with imaging technology to allow your doctor to image the tumor before and during treatment. By comparing these images to the reference images taken during simulation, the patient's position and/or the radiation beams may be adjusted to more precisely target the radiation dose to the tumor. To help align and target the radiation equipment, some IGRT procedures may use fiducial markers, ultrasound, MRI, x-ray images of bone structure, CT scan, 3-D body surface mapping, electromagnetic transponders or colored ink tattoos on the skin. If you are to undergo IGRT, your doctor will likely use CT scanning to conduct a treatment simulation session and to create reference images. Other imaging procedures, such as MRI or PET scan, may be used to help determine the exact shape and location of your tumor, and a special device may be created to help you maintain the same exact position during each treatment. Your doctor will give you specific instructions based on the type of exam being performed. What is Image-Guided Radiation Therapy and how is it used? Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is the use of frequent imaging during a course of radiation therapy for the purpose of improving the precision and accuracy of the delivery of radiation treatment. In IGRT, machines that deliver radiation, such as a linear accelerator (for x-ray or photon) or cyclotron/synchrotron (for proton), are equipped with special imaging technology that allow the physician to image the tumor immediately before or even during the time radiation is delivered, while the patient is positioned on the treatment table.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Visibility and Artifacts of 11 Common Fiducial Markers for Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Abdomen
    Evaluation of the Visibility and Artifacts of 11 Common Fiducial Markers for Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Abdomen Jordan M. Slagowski, Ph.D.1, Lauren E. Colbert, M.D., MSCR2, Irina M. Cazacu, M.D.3, Ben S. Singh, B.S.3, Rachael Martin, Ph.D.1, Eugene J. Koay, M.D., Ph.D.2, Cullen M. Taniguchi, M.D., Ph.D.2, Albert C. Koong, M.D., Ph.D.2, Manoop S. Bhutani, M.D.3, Joseph M. Herman, M.D., M.S.2, and Sam Beddar, Ph.D.1 1Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 3Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Published as: Slagowski JM, Colbert LE, Cazacu IM, et al. Evaluation of the Visibility and Artifacts of 11 Common Fiducial Markers for Image Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Abdomen [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jan 24]. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2020;S1879-8500(20)30008-4. doi:10.1016/j.prro.2020.01.007 Correspondence to: Sam Beddar, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 94, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel: (713) 563-2609; Fax: (713) 563-2479; E-mail: [email protected] Source of financial support / funding: None Author responsible for statistical analysis: Jordan M. Slagowski Correspondence to author responsible for statistical analysis: Jordan M.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Three-Dimensional Motion Tracking of Low-Activity fiducial Positron-Emitting Markers in Radiation Therapy and Positron Emission Tomography
    Application of three-dimensional motion tracking of low-activity fiducial positron-emitting markers in radiation therapy and positron emission tomography by Marc Chamberland A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2015 Marc Chamberland Abstract Patient body motion limits the delivery accuracy of radiotherapy and creates blur- ring artefacts on positron emission tomography (PET) images. Those adverse ef- fects can be mitigated by tracking the patient body motion and using the infor- mation appropriately. A technique that can track the three-dimensional motion of low-activity positron-emitting fiducial markers was developed. The application of this tracking technique, called PeTrack, for respiratory-gated radiotherapy and for motion-compensated PET imaging was evaluated. The feasibility of respiratory-gated radiotherapy using PeTrack was assessed. A respiratory gating interface was developed in LabVIEW to communicate with an Elekta Precise research linear accelerator and toggle the delivery of the beam. Ra- diochromic films were placed in a rod insert of an anthropomorphic dynamic thorax phantom to evaluate the dose distribution of the gated and non-gated delivery of a small square beam. A single low-activity source was used to track the motion of the phantom. Real patient breathing data were used as the basis of the motion of the phantom. Visual and quantitative assessments of the films confirmed that respiratory-gated radiotherapy using real-time tracking based on positron-emitting fiducial markers is achievable. The blurring of the dose distribution due to motion was greatly reduced on the gated deliveries compared to the non-gated cases.
    [Show full text]
  • CT Fluoroscopy–Guided Percutaneous Fiducial Marker
    CLINICAL STUDY CT Fluoroscopy–Guided Percutaneous Fiducial Marker Placement for CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Technical Results and Complications in 222 Consecutive Procedures Christoph G. Trumm, MD, Sophia M. Häußler, Alexander Muacevic, MD, Robert Stahl, MD, Sebastian Stintzing, MD, Philipp M. Paprottka, MD, Frederik Strobl, MD, Tobias F. Jakobs, MD, Maximilian F. Reiser, MD, and Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, MD ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate technical outcome and safety of computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy–guided percutaneous fiducial marker placement before CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery. Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed of 196 patients (106 men) undergoing CT fluoroscopy–guided fiducial marker placement in 222 consecutive procedures under local anesthesia from March 2006 to February 2012. Technical success was defined as fiducial marker location in the tumor or vicinity suitable for CyberKnife radiosurgery evaluated on postinterventional planning CT. Complications were classified per Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR). Results: One hundred ninety-six patients (age, 61.5 y Ϯ 13.1) underwent percutaneous placement of 321 fiducial markers (mean per tumor, 1.2 Ϯ 0.5; range, 1–4) in 37 primary tumors and 227 metastases in the thorax (n ¼ 121), abdomen (n ¼ 122), and bone (n ¼ 21). Fiducial marker placement was technically successful in all procedures: intratumoral localization in 193 (60.1%), at tumor margin in 50 (15.6%), and outside of tumor in 78 cases (24.3%; mean distance to marker, 0.4 cm Ϯ 0.6; range, 0–2.9 cm). Complications were observed in 63 placement procedures (28.4%), including minor self-limiting pneumothorax (n ¼ 21; SIR class B) and self-limiting pulmonary hemorrhage (n ¼ 35; SIR class A), and major pneumothorax requiring thoracostomy/ drainage insertion (n ¼ 14; SIR class D) and systemic toxicity of local anesthetic drug (n ¼ 1; SIR class D).
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Positron Emission Tomography for Proton Therapy Verification
    The Texas Medical Center Library DigitalCommons@TMC The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses Center UTHealth Graduate School of (Open Access) Biomedical Sciences 5-2014 USE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR PROTON THERAPY VERIFICATION Jongmin Cho Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations Part of the Nuclear Commons, and the Radiology Commons Recommended Citation Cho, Jongmin, "USE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR PROTON THERAPY VERIFICATION" (2014). The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses (Open Access). 435. https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/435 This Dissertation (PhD) is brought to you for free and open access by the The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at DigitalCommons@TMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses (Open Access) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@TMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR PROTON THERAPY VERIFICATION by Jongmin Cho, B.E., M.S. APPROVED: _____________________________________ Supervisory Professor, Geoffrey Ibbott, Ph.D _____________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Utility of Fiducial Markers for Target Positioning in Proton Radiotherapy
    Radiotherapy and Oncology 133 (2019) 28–34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Radiotherapy and Oncology journal homepage: www.thegreenjournal.com Original Article Utility of fiducial markers for target positioning in proton radiotherapy of oesophageal carcinoma ⇑ Rudi Apolle a,b, , Stefan Brückner c, Susanne Frosch d, Maximilian Rehm d, Julia Thiele b,d, Chiara Valentini b,d, Fabian Lohaus b,d, Jana Babatz c, Daniela E. Aust e, Jochen Hampe c, Esther G.C. Troost a,b,d,f,g a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay; b OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf; c Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; d Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; e Institute for Pathology and Tumour and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden; f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and g National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaẗ Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany article info abstract Article history: Background and purpose: Oesophageal mobility relative to bony anatomy is a major source of geometrical Received 6 September 2018 uncertainty in proton radiotherapy of oesophageal carcinoma. To mitigate this uncertainty we investi- Received in revised form 11 December 2018 gated the use of implanted fiducial markers for direct target verification in terms of safety, visibility, Accepted 17 December 2018 and stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Gold Fiducial Marker Manual Localisation for Magnetic Resonance-Only Prostate Radiotherapy Matteo Maspero* , Peter R
    Maspero et al. Radiation Oncology (2018) 13:105 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-018-1029-7 RESEARCH Open Access Evaluation of gold fiducial marker manual localisation for magnetic resonance-only prostate radiotherapy Matteo Maspero* , Peter R. Seevinck, Nicole J. W. Willems, Gonda G. Sikkes, Geja J. de Kogel, Hans C. J. de Boer, Jochem R. N. van der Voort van Zyp and Cornelis A. T. van den Berg Abstract Background: The use of intraprostatic gold fiducial markers (FMs) ensures highly accurate and precise image-guided radiation therapy for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer thanks to the ease of localising FMs on photon-based imaging, like Computed Tomography (CT) images. Recently, Magnetic Resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy has been proposed to simplify the workflow and reduce possible systematic uncertainties. A critical, determining factor in the accuracy of such an MR-only simulation will be accurate FM localisation using solely MR images. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performances of manual MR-based FM localisation within a clinical environment. Methods: We designed a study in which 5 clinically involved radiation therapy technicians (RTTs) independently localised the gold FMs implanted in 16 prostate cancer patients in two scenarios: employing a single MR sequence or a combination of sequences. Inter-observer precision and accuracy were assessed for the two scenarios for localisation in terms of 95% limit of agreement on single FMs (LoA)/ centre of mass (LoACM) and inter-marker distances (IDs), respectively. Results: The number of precisely located FMs (LoA<2 mm) increased from 38/48 to 45/48 FMs when localisation was performed using multiple sequences instead of single one.
    [Show full text]
  • Automatic Coregistration of Volumetric Images Based on Implanted Fiducial
    Automatic coregistration of volumetric images based on implanted fiducial markers ͒ Martin Kocha Oncology Care Systems Group, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 4040 Nelson Avenue, Concord, California 94520 and Chair of Pattern Recognition, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Jonathan S. Maltz Oncology Care Systems Group, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 4040 Nelson Avenue, Concord, California 94520 Serge J. Belongie Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0404, La Jolla, California 92093 Bijumon Gangadharan, Supratik Bose, Himanshu Shukla, and Ali R. Bani-Hashemi Oncology Care Systems Group, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 4040 Nelson Avenue, Concord, California 94520 ͑Received 29 February 2008; revised 23 July 2008; accepted for publication 2 August 2008; published 16 September 2008͒ The accurate delivery of external beam radiation therapy is often facilitated through the implanta- tion of radio-opaque fiducial markers ͑gold seeds͒. Before the delivery of each treatment fraction, seed positions can be determined via low dose volumetric imaging. By registering these seed locations with the corresponding locations in the previously acquired treatment planning computed tomographic ͑CT͒ scan, it is possible to adjust the patient position so that seed displacement is accommodated. The authors present an unsupervised automatic algorithm that identifies seeds in both planning and pretreatment images and subsequently determines a rigid geometric transforma- tion between the two sets. The algorithm is applied to the imaging series of ten prostate cancer patients. Each test series is comprised of a single multislice planning CT and multiple megavoltage conebeam ͑MVCB͒ images. Each MVCB dataset is obtained immediately prior to a subsequent treatment session.
    [Show full text]
  • Multimodal Imaging Fiducial Markers for Kinematic Measurement of Joint Models
    Asian Biomedicine Vol. 7 No. 4 August 2013; 509-516 DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0704.205 Brief communication (Original) Multimodal imaging fiducial markers for kinematic measurement of joint models Jae Won Youa, Yeon Soo Leeb, Hong Moon Sohna aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyungbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea Background: Fiducial markers are objects placed in the field of view of an imaging system for use as a point of reference or a measure. There is no information regarding suitable markers for joint models. Objectives: We compared the fiducial markers commonly used in X-ray, CT, and MRI imaging modalities. Methods: The markers tested were plastic balls, ceramic balls, passive reflective balls, liquid-filled balls, and steel balls. The balls were scanned using X-ray, CT, and MRI systems. The scanned X-ray images were reviewed if it the markers are able to be expressed. The tomographic images of CT and MRI were converted into 3D ball models and then the reconstructed shapes and dimensions of the balls were examined. The dimensional accuracy of expression and reconstruction was calculated in terms of the mean and the standard deviation. Results: There was no marker that can be expressed in all the imaging modalities. Alternatively, we propose a synthetic marker that is composed of a hard sphere and a fat tissue wrapping. The hard ball is for X-ray and CT imaging, while the fat tissue is for MRI imaging. Conclusion: A synthetic marker composed of a hard sphere and a fat tissue wrapping can a multimodal fiducial marker.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.241,773 B2 Bolan Et Al
    US009241773B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.241,773 B2 Bolan et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jan. 26, 2016 (54) MAGING FIDUCALMARKERS AND A61B 2019/547; A61B 2019/5408: A61B METHODS 2019/5425; A61B 2019/5454: A61B 2019/5495; A61B 2019/5458: A61B (71) Applicant: Breast-Med, Inc., Golden Valley, MN 2019/5466; G01R 33/4814; G01 R33/5601; (US) A61M31/005; A61K 49/0002: A61 K (72) Inventors: Patrick Bolan, Minneapolis, MN (US); 49/0447; A61K 49/18: A61K 49/226; Y1OT Michael G. Garwood, Medina, MN 29/4998; Y10T 29/49982; Y10T 29/49888 (US); Michael T. Nelson, Golden Valley, See application file for complete search history. MN (US); Daniel A. Halpern, St. Louis Park, MN (US) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: Breast-Med, Inc., Golden Valley, MN U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (US) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2,678,195 A * 5/1954 Hunter et al. ..................... 74/87 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,016,639 A 5, 1991 Allen U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (Continued) This patent is Subject to a terminal dis FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS claimer. CA 2579914 A1 11/2006 (21) Appl. No.: 14/634,965 EP 1491147 A1 12/2004 (22) Filed: Mar. 2, 2015 (Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2015/O1 73848A1 Jun. 25, 2015 “U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/281,801. Examiner Interview Summary mailed Related U.S. Application Data Sep. 2, 2009, 4pgs. (63) Continuation of application No. 14/022.539, filed on (Continued) Sep.
    [Show full text]