La Production De Lépidoptères Pour L'alimentation Des Populations D
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nudaurelia Omega Virus
Characterisation of the genome of Nudaurelia Omega Virus by Dermot Cox A thesis submitted in fulfIlment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, in the Faculty of Science, Rhodes University. April, 1994 ABSTRACT Nudaurelia co virus (Nco V) is a small RNA virus belonging to the Family Tetraviridae. Nco V was successfully isolated from field collected larvae of the pine emperor moth, Nudaurelia cytherea capensis. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-it was possible Jo determine the size of the capsid proteins. Anti-NcoV antiserum was raised by inoculating a rabbit with purified virus. RNA was extracted from the purified virus using a phenol\chloroform extraction procedure. It was possible to separate the viral RNA into its constituent species using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The sizes of both species of RNA was accurately determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. These sizes corresponded to the replicative form of the RNA which was extracted from infected host tissue. The absence of a poly(A) tract on the RNA was shown through poly(U) sepharose chromatography. Cell-free translation of the viral RNA elucidated the sizes of proteins encoded in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Optimal conditions for in vitro translation of Nco V were determined for a range of conditions. Immunoprecipitaion of viral encoded proteins with anti-Nco V antiserum suggested that the putative coat protein of the virus was encoded by RNA 2, as a precursor polypeptide which underwent post translational cleavage. Reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT -PCR) was used to successfully produce a radiolabelled probe which could detect dot-blotted viral RNA. -
Chapter 15. Central and Eastern Africa: Overview
Chapter 15 Chapter 15 CENTRAL AND EASTERN AFRICA: OVERVIEW The region as treated here is comprised mainly of Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa) (formerly Zaire), Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The wide variety of insects eaten includes at least 163 species, 121 genera, 34 families and 10 orders. Of this group the specific identity is known for 128 species, only the generic identity for another 21, only the family identity of another 12 and only the order identity of one. Gomez et al (1961) estimated that insects furnished 10% of the animal proteins produced annually in Congo (Kinshasa). Yet, in this region, as in others, insect use has been greatly under-reported and under-studied. Until recently, for example, the specific identity was known for fewer than twenty species of insects used in Congo (Kinshasa), but, in a careful study confined only to caterpillars and only to the southern part of the country, Malaisse and Parent (1980) distinguished 35 species of caterpillars used as food. The extent of insect use throughout the region is probably similar to that in Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia, the best-studied countries. Research is needed. Caterpillars and termites are the most widely marketed insects in the region, but many others are also important from the food standpoint, nutritionally, economically or ecologically. As stated by this author (DeFoliart 1989): "One can't help but wonder what the ecological and nutritional maps of Africa might look like today if more effort had been directed toward developing some of these caterpillar, termite, and other food insect resources." The inclusion of food insects in the Africa-wide Exhibition on Indigenous Food Technologies held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1995 is indicative of the resurgence of interest in this resource by the scientific community of the continent. -
Chapter 13 SOUTHERN AFRICA
Chapter 13 Zimbabwe Chapter 13 SOUTHERN AFRICA: ZIMBABWE Taxonomic Inventory Taxa and life stages consumed Coleoptera Buprestidae (metallic woodborers) Sternocera funebris (author?), adult Sternocera orissa Buquet, adult Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles) Lepidiota (= Eulepida) anatine (author?), adult Lepidiota (= Eulepida) masnona (author?), adult Lepidiota (= Eulepida)nitidicollis (author?), adult Miscellaneous Coleoptera Scientific name(s) unreported Hemiptera Pentatomidae (stink bugs) Euchosternum (= Haplosterna; = Encosternum) delegorguei (Spinola) (= delagorguei), adult Pentascelis remipes (author?), adult Pentascelis wahlbergi (author?), adult Miscellaneous Hemiptera Scientific name(s) unreported Homoptera Cicadidae (cicadas) Loba leopardina (author?) Hymenoptera Apidae (honey bees) Trigona spp., larvae Formicidae (ants) Carebara vidua Sm., winged adult Isoptera Termitidae Macrotermes falciger Gerstacker (= goliath), winged adult, soldier, queen Macrotermes natalensis Haviland Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae (eggar moths, lappets) Lasiocampid sp., larva Limacodidae (slug caterpillars) Limacodid sp. Notodontidae (prominents) Anaphe panda (Boisdv.), larva Saturniidae (giant silkworm moths) Bunaea (= Bunea) alcinoe (Stoll), larva Bunaea sp., larva Cirina forda (Westwood), larva 1 of 12 9/20/2012 2:02 PM Chapter 13 Zimbabwe Gonimbrasia belina Westwood, larva Goodia kuntzei Dewitz (?), larva Gynanisa sp. (?), larva Imbrasia epimethea Drury, larva Imbrasia ertli Rebel, larva Lobobunaea sp., larva Microgone sp., (?), larva Pseudobunaea sp. (?), -
Protein Quality of Commonly Consumed Edible Insects in Zimbabwe
Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 2019; 19(3): 14674-14689 DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.86.17645 PROTEIN QUALITY OF COMMONLY CONSUMED EDIBLE INSECTS IN ZIMBABWE Chagwena DT1, 2*, Matanhire GT1, 3, Jombo TZ3 and CC Maponga2 Chagwena Dexter *Corresponding author email: [email protected] or [email protected] 1Nutri@ctive Zimbabwe, 96 Golden Stairs Rd, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe 2School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe 3Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.86.17645 14674 ABSTRACT Consumption of edible insects as alternative animal protein-source is a potential long- term solution to curb protein deficiency in resource-limited communities where diets lacking in protein are predominant. Entomophagy has been expressed in both developed and developing countries, and previous studies have proven that edible insects are high in protein. However, there is paucity of information on protein quality of edible insects to adequately guide populations on their utilization as good alternative protein sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate protein quality of three edible insects commonly consumed in most regions of Zimbabwe, namely Imbrasia belina (mopane worms), Locusta migratoria (locust) and Encosternum delegorguei (stinkbug). Kjeldahl method was used to evaluate crude protein of edible insects and a 20-day mice-feeding trial was conducted to evaluate protein efficiency ratio and protein digestibility in comparison to a control protein (casein). Crude protein was higher in Locusta migratoria (71.2%) compared to Imbrasia belina (57.7%) and Encosternum delegorguei (31.3%). Protein efficiency ratio was lower in insect samples L. -
Abt]Ndaiyce in Norih.Easiern Botswaiva. By
THE NATIIRAL HISTORY Oß Imbrøsíø belína (lVestwood) (LEPIDOPTERA: SATIIRIUDAE), AND SOME Ì'ACTORS AFT'ECTING ITS ABT]NDAIYCE IN NORIH.EASIERN BOTSWAIVA. BY MARKS K. DITLHOCIO A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department ofZoology Universþ ofManitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba (c) January, 1996 \flonarLibrarv Bibliothèque nationale l*l du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A ON4 K1A ON4 Yout l¡le Volrc élércnce Ou l¡le Nolrc rélérence The author has granted an L'auteur a accordé une licence irrevocable non-exclus¡ve licence irrévocable et non exclus¡ve allowing the National Library of permettant à la Bibliothèque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell cop¡es of reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa thèse in any form or format, making de quelque manière et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des person nes intéressées. The author retains ownership of L'auteur conserve la propriété du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qu¡ protège sa Neither the thesis nor substantial thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent être imprimés ou his/her perm¡ss¡on. autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Copyrighted Material
9781444330366_4_001.qxd 11/28/09 14:11 Page 1 Chapter 1 THE IMPORTANCE, DIVERSITY, AND CONSERVATION OF INSECTS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Charles Darwin inspecting beetles collected during the voyage of the Beagle. (After various sources, especially Huxley & Kettlewell 1965 and Futuyma 1986.) 9781444330366_4_001.qxd 11/28/09 14:11 Page 2 2 Importance, diversity, and conservation Curiosity alone concerning the identities and lifestyles feature is that the study organisms are insects. Biologists of the fellow inhabitants of our planet justifies the study work with insects for many reasons: ease of culturing of insects. Some of us have used insects as totems and in a laboratory, rapid population turnover, and avail- symbols in spiritual life, and we portray them in art and ability of many individuals are important factors. The music. If we consider economic factors, the effects of minimal ethical concerns regarding responsible experi- insects are enormous. Few human societies lack honey, mental use of insects, as compared with vertebrates, provided by bees (or specialized ants). Insects pollinate are a significant consideration. our crops. Many insects share our houses, agriculture, Modern entomological study commenced in the early and food stores. Others live on us, on our domestic 18th century when a combination of the rediscovery of pets or our livestock, and yet more visit to feed on us the classical literature, the spread of rationalism, and where they may transmit disease. Clearly, we should the availability of ground-glass optics made the study of understand these pervasive animals. insects acceptable for the thoughtful privately wealthy. Although there are millions of kinds of insects, we do Although people working with insects hold profes- not know exactly (or even approximately) how many. -
Lepidoptera Für 1907. Karl Grünberg
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Lepidoptera für li)07. Von Dr. K. Grünberg, Berlin. (Inhaltsverzeichnis am Schlüsse des Berichtes. A. Verzeichnis der Publikationen. Aclieu, C. Überwinterung der Puppen von Pteroz. proserpina. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. 21, No. 33, p. 204. Adliin, Robert. Tortrix pronubana Hb., double-brooded in Britain. Entomologist, Vol. 40, p. 102. Aigner- Abaf i, L. v. (I). Über die Lepidopterenfauna Japans. Zeit- schr. f. wissensch. Insektenbiol., Vol. 3, p. 123—128. — {'Z). Massenhaftes Auftreten des Baumweißlings. 1. c., p. 189 u. 190. — (3). Magyarorszäg pillangoi. XVIII. Rovart Lapok., Vol. 14, p. 31—40, p. 66—71 (XIX), 109—176 (XX), 140—145 (XXI), 172 —176 (XXII), 192—199 (XXIH). — (4). Lepke-elteresek a Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum gyüjtemenyeböl. I. 1. c., p. 79—88, f. 1—11; IL p. 122—131, f. 12—22; III. p. 148 —153, f. 23; IV. p. 178—181; V. p. 210—212. — (5). Japänorszag lepke-fauna jarol. 1. c, p. 95—102. — (6). A magyar lepke-fauna gyarapodäsa 1906. ban. 1. c, p. 212—215. Aitken, E. H. The climatal changes of Melanitis leda. Journ. Soc. Nat. Hist. Bombay, Vol. 18, p. 195—197. Alplieraky, S. (I). Contribution ä la faune des Lepidopteres du caucase septentrional. (Supplements et corrections.) Rev. Russe d'Ent., Vol. 7, p. 203—205. — (3). Petits notices lepidopterologiques. 1. c, p. 266 u. 267. Andre, B. (1). Copiopteryx semiramis. Bull. Soc. Sei. Nat. Mäcon, Vol. 2, p. 277 u. 278. — {2). Actias sinensis. 1. c, p. 278 u. 279. .4urivilliiis, Clir. (I). Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. -
THE EMPEROR MOTHS of EASTERN AFRICA the Purpose Of
THE EMPEROR MOTHS OF EASTERN AFRICA By E. C. G. Pinhey. (The National Museum, Bulawayo.) The purpose of this article on Emperor Moths is to introduce people, in East and Central Africa, to this spectacular family and to give them some means of identifying the species. It is unfortunate that we cannot afford colour plates. Mr. Bally has aided in the production of half-tone photo• graphs, which should help considerably in the recognition of species, if not with the same facility as with colour plates. There is, of course, available, at a price, volume XIV of Seitz' Macrole• pidoptera, which includes coloured illustrations of most of the African Emperors. In tropical countries Emperor Moths and Hawk Moths are the most popular families of the moths among amateurs, the former largely for their size and colourfulness, the latter more perhaps for their streamlined elegance and rapidity of flight. Furthermore, compared to some other families, both these groups are reasonably small in number of species and, despite their bulk, they can be incorporated in a moderately limited space if not too many examples of each species are retained. Admittedly some of the larger Emperors take up a disproportionate amount of room and it is advisable to make them overlap in the collection. If we consider, however, that the amateur is concentrating on this family to the exclusion of other moth groups, the position is not too alarming. There are somewhat over a hundred species of Emperors in East Africa. What are Emperor Moths? Some people call them Silk moths, because the caterpillars of some species spin silk cocoons. -
7242 Volume 13 No. 1 January 2013 a SURVEY on ENTOMOPHAGY
Volume 13 No. 1 January 2013 A SURVEY ON ENTOMOPHAGY PREVALENCE IN ZIMBABWE Dube S1*, Dlamini NR3, Mafunga A1, Mukai M2 and Z Dhlamini1 Shadreck Dube *Corresponding author email: [email protected] 1Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology P.O Box 939AC Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. 2Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, National University of Science and Technology P.O Box 939AC Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. 3Agroprocessing and Food CSIR Biosciences P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 0001 South Africa. 7242 Volume 13 No. 1 January 2013 ABSTRACT This study was to determine the prevalence of entomophagy in the post independence era (after 1980) in Zimbabwe given that the social status of many families has changed. A cross-sectional non probability sampling was used to determine who ate which insect and how much they ate and where they came from. The availability of each insect was determined at provinces and through key informants. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical visits to all provinces of Zimbabwe to collect empirical data. The population of those that never participated in entomophagy was less than 10% across the age groups in the sampled populations. In the order, Lepidoptera, which comprises several species the larval stages are mostly consumed in the fourth instar after degutting. The caterpillars are known locally as madora. Imbrasia belina was consumed by more than 90% of the respondents. In the order Isoptera Macrotermes sp. [ishwa] were consumed by more than 80% of the respondents. In the order Coleoptera Eulepida sp, [mandere] and Sternocera orissa [zvigakata] are also widely consumed. -
A New Member of the Tetraviridae That Infects Cultured Insect Cells
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com R Virology 306 (2003) 359–370 www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Providence virus: a new member of the Tetraviridae that infects cultured insect cells Fiona M. Pringle,a Karyn N. Johnson,a Cynthia L. Goodman,b Arthur H. McIntosh,b and L. Andrew Balla,* a Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA b USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Laboratory, 1503 South Providence, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Received 18 July 2002; returned to author for revision 13 September 2002; accepted 2 October 2002 Abstract We identified a new member of the Tetraviridae, Providence virus (PrV), persistently infecting a midgut cell line derived from the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). Virus purified from these cells also productively infected a H. zea fat body cell line, and a cell line from whole embryos of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. PrV is thus the first tetravirus shown to replicate in cell culture. PrV virions are isometric particles composed of two structural proteins (60 and 7.4 kDa) that encapsidate both the genomic (6.4 kb) and the subgenomic (2.5 kb) RNAs. The monopartite organization of the PrV genome resembles that of Nudaurelia  virus and Thosea asigna virus, members of the genus Betatetravirus. The predicted sequence of the PrV structural proteins demonstrates homology to tetraviruses in both genera. The infectivity of PrV for cultured cells uniquely permitted examination of tetravirus RNA and protein synthesis during synchronous infection. -
Report of Progress 2007-08
REPORT OF PROGRESS 2007-08 Science Division March 2009 Balga at Kingston external control (main photo), the forest red-tailed black cockatoo (above right) and collecting coarse woody debris data (right). Reptiles Fungi Invertebrates Lichens Mammals Birds Flora Produced by the Department of Environment and Conservation, Kensington, Western Australia, March 2009 Copyright: © Department of Environment and Conservation 2009 Compiled and edited by: Richard Robinson and Verna Tunsell Science Division Department of Environment and Conservation Manjimup Western Australia This report highlights preliminary results for FORESTCHECK monitoring, determined by basic analysis and field observation, for the year 2007-08. This and previous FORESTCHECK Annual Reports should not be quoted or used as final results for the FORESTCHECK program. Publications based on detailed analyses using comprehensive statistical methods are published on a 5-year basis. All FORESTCHECK publications and reports are available on the DEC web site at http://www.dec.wa.gov.au ii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 3 FOREST STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STOCKING 16 COARSE WOODY DEBRIS, TWIGS AND LITTER 24 MACROFUNGI 32 CRYPTOGAMS 52 VASCULAR PLANTS 64 INVERTEBRATES 75 BIRDS 122 MAMMALS AND HERPETOFAUNA 128 DATA MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE 139 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FORESTCHECK is a unique monitoring program, which is unparalleled for its integration and the range of ecological attributes and biodiversity monitored. Fieldwork on the FORESTCHECK monitoring program was suspended in 2006-07 to allow a comprehensive analysis and write-up of the first five years of data to be undertaken. The results from five years of data collected from 2001-2006 will be submitted in 2009 to a peer reviewed journal for publication. -
Edible Insects
1.04cm spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150 FAO 171 FORESTRY 171 PAPER FAO FORESTRY PAPER 171 Edible insects Edible insects Future prospects for food and feed security Future prospects for food and feed security Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock.