Executive Summary.Indd 6 02/01/14 12:39 PM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Image Courtesy: Jehangir Sorabjee NOMINATION DOSSIER THE VICTORIAN & ART DECO ENSEMBLE OF MUMBAI, INDIA Executive summary.indd 6 02/01/14 12:39 PM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY 2 TEXTUAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BOUNDARIES OF THE NOMINATED PROPERTY 3 CRITERIA UNDER WHICH THE PROPERTY HAS BEEN NOMINATED 4 DRAFT STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary.indd 7 02/01/14 12:39 PM I. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY STATE PARTY India STATE, PROVINCE OR REGION Maharashtra CITY Mumbai NAME OF PROPERTY The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES TO THE NEAREST SECOND 18°55’46.29”N ; 72°49’44.03”E AREA Nominated Property Area of Nominated Property 66.34 ha Area of Buffer Zone 378.78 ha Context of the Site in Maharashtra State on a geographical map of India NOMINATION DOSSIER THE VICTORIAN & ART DECO ENSEMBLE OF MUMBAI, INDIA Executive summary.indd 8 02/01/14 12:39 PM Executive summary.indd 9 BUILDINGS WITHIN THE NOMINATED PROPERTY 0 Oval Maidan VICTORIAN BUILDINGS V1 City Civil & Sessions Court (Old Secretariat) V2 University of Mumbai Complex V2a Sir Cawasji Jahangir Convocation Hall V2b University Library V2c Annexe Building University offices V3 Bombay High Court V8 V4 Public Works Department Building V5 Mahendra Mansion (Watson's Hotel) V6 David Sassoon Library & Reading Room V7 Elphinstone College V8 Maharashtra Police Headquarters (Sailor's Home) I2 V9 Indian Mercantile Mansion (Waterloo Mansion) S.P.MUKHERJEE F Wellington Fountain CHOWK A41 NEO CLASSICAL BUILDINGS F N1 Standard Chartered Bank Building (Grindlays Bank) N2I1 Army & Navy Building N3 Institute of Science V9 N4 Sir Cawasji Jahangir Hall - NGMA HUTATMACHOWK I3 (FLORA FOUNTAIN) INDO SARACENIC BUILDINGS I1 Western Railway Headquarters Offices MAHATMA GANDHI ROAD ( ESPLANADE ROAD) E 72 49'53.76" I2 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya N4 (Prince of Wales Museum) V6 V7 I3 Majestic Aamdar Nivas (Majestic Hotel) A39 A40 N1 V2c V5 N2 ART DECO BUILDINGS A1 Moonlight A21 Lily Court V4 V2 A2 Sunshine A22 Fairfield A3 Ivorine A23 Pankaj Mahal N3 A4 Palm Court A24 Roshera V3 V2b V2a V1 A5 Oval View A25 ApeejayHouse A6 Belvedere Court A26 K C College A7 Shiv Shanti Bhuvan A27 H R College ROAD UNIVERSITY A8 Rajjab Mahal A28 Mistry Bhavan ROAD) (FULLER ROAD D'MELLO A KARMAVEER BHAURAO PATIL MARG (MAYO ROAD) A9 Empress Court A29 Ram Mahal A10 Rajesh Mansion A30 Ravindra Mansion A31 Yashodhan Apartments A11 Windsor House A12 Queen's Court A32 CCI Chambers A13 Green Fields A33 Rakhi Mahal A14 Swastik Court A34 Mistry Court A15 Motabhoy Mansion A35 Cricket Club Of India A16 Fairlawn A36 Moti Mahal A17 Court View A37 Prem Court A38 Vasvani Mansions A18 Eros Cinema 0 A39 Hong Kong Bank Building MADAME CAMA ROAD Chheda Sadan A19 A40 Bank of India Building I1 A20 Sneha Sadan A41 Regal Cinema MAHARSHI KARVE ROAD (QUEEN'S ROAD) A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 AD1 Riviera AD19 Keval Mahal A17 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 AD2 Shalimar AD20 Kapur Mahal A18 A2 A1 AD3 Shanti Kuteer AD21 Zaver Mahal AD4 Oceana AD22 Sonawala Building A24 AD5 Hotel Marine Plaza AD23 Hem Prabha A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A25 AD6 St.James Court AD24 Al-Jabreya Court JTS MALANI MARG AD7 Framroz Court AD25 Matruchhaya AD8 Sea Green Hotel AD26 Giri Kunj JAMSHEDJI TATA ROAD A26 AD27 Bharatiya Bhavan AD9 Soona Mahal A38 AD10 Sunder Mahal AD28 Al-Sabah Court AD11 Podar House AD29 Seksaria A27 AD12 Jyoti Sadan AD30 Bharat Mahal AD13 Hotel Intercontinental AD31 Shri Niketan A37 A28 AD14 Chateau Marine AD32 Gobind Mahal DINSHAW WACHHA ROAD AD15 Shiv Sadan AD33 Parijat A29 AD16 Ganga Vihar AD34 Shanti Niketan AD17 Firdaus AD35 Meghdoot AD18 Krishna Mahal TE STREET) A36 A30 A31 VEER NARIMAN ROAD (CHURCH GA A32 AD19 AD18 AD17 AD21 AD20 AD16 AD23 AD22 AD15 AD24 AD14 AD25 AD13 AD26 AD12 AD27 AD11 AD28 AD10 E 72 49'27.84" AD29 A35 DINSHAW WACHHA ROAD AD30 AD9 A33 AD31 AD8 AD32 (MARINE DRIVE) NETAJI AD33 ROAD AD7 A34 SUBHASHCHANDRA AD34 BOSE AD6 AD35 SUBHASHCHANDRA BOSE NETAJI ROAD (MARINE DRIVE) AD5 AD4 AD3 ARABIAN SEA AD2 AD1 N 18 55'30.72'' 18 N N 18 55' 56.64" 55' 18 N N 18 56' 48.48" 56' 18 N N 18 56' 22.56" 56' 18 N LOCATION OF BUILDINGS WITHIN The Victorian & Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai THE NOMINATED PROPERTY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Submission To UNESCO As A WORLD HERITAGE SITE NOMINATED PROPERTY BUFFER ZONE Prepared for: Supported by: Source: Govt. of Maharashtra MMR-HCS, U.D.R.I., O.C.R.A., MMR-HCS, U.D.R.I R.M.A., O.V.A.L., K.G.A., F.O.R.T. Scale 1:6000 Prepared By: 00 50 100 150 200 250 Abha Narain Lambah Associates: Conservation Architects & Historic Building Consultants DWG. NO.:-04 (Source: ANL Associates, 2013) 03/01/14 2:02PM Executive summary.indd 10 E 72 50'19.68" S.P.MUKHERJEE CHOWK HUTATMA CHOWK (FLORA FOUNTAIN) E 72 49'53.76" RSITY ROAD RSITY E UNIV A D'MELLO RD (FULLER ROAD) KARMAVEER BHAURAO PATIL MARG (MAYO ROAD) D ROA E CAMA AME CAMA ROAD DAMD A MMA MAHARSHI KAR VE ROAD (QUEEN'S ROAD) JTS MALANI MARG JAMS HEDJI TAT ROAD HHA A ROAD AC W AW H S DIN ET) E TR S TE A G N ROAD (CHURCH RIMA A VEER N ROAD A HH AW WAC E 72 49'27.84" DINSH (MARINE DRIVE) NETAJI ROAD BOSE SUBHASH CHANDRA SHCHANDRA I SUBHA BOSE NETAJ ROAD (MAR INE DR IVE) NOMINATION DOSSIER ARABIAN SEA THE VICTORIAN & ART DECOVICTORIANTHE & ENSEMBLE OF MUMBAI, INDIA N 18 55'30.72'' 18 N N 18 56' 48.48" 56' 18 N N 18 56' 22.56" 56' 18 N 56.64" 55' 18 N DELINEATION OF THE NOMINATED The Victorian & Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai PROPERTY & BUFFER ZONE Submission To UNESCO As A WORLD HERITAGE SITE NOMINATED PROPERTY BUFFER ZONE Prepared for: Supported by: Source: Govt. of Maharashtra MMR-HCS, U.D.R.I., O.C.R.A., MMR-HCS, U.D.R.I Scale 1:18000 R.M.A., O.V.A.L., K.G.A., F.O.R.T. Prepared By: 00 50 100 150 200 250 Abha Narain Lambah Associates: Conservation Architects & Historic Building Consultants DWG. NO.:-03 (Source: ANL Associates, 2013) 03/01/14 2:03PM 2 Textual Description of the boundaries of the Nominated Property The Nominated Property is situated in South Mumbai’s historic core and comprises an urban ensemble straddling two heritage precincts of the Fort Precinct and Marine Drive Precinct. The Property consists of a 19th century collection of Victorian structures and 20th century Art Deco buildings, conjoined physically and visually through a planned urban alignment by mea ns of the historic open space of the Oval Maidan. The Eastern edge of the property is defined by Mahatma Gandhi MArg and Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Chowk to the East within the designated historic precinct of Fort Area of Mumbai. This marks the edge of the 19th century fortified city of Bombay. Though the fort walls were mostly torn down in the 1860s under the Governorship of Sir Bartle Frere, the name persists in public memory and is a protected heritage precinct under the Heritage Regulations for Greater Bombay 1995. West of the former fortifications, the expanse of land that was once called the Esplanade, is today the historic cricketing ground of Oval Maidan. This vast open space lies at the heart of the proposed Property. The western edge of the property is defined by the Arabian Sea that lines the 20th century Art Deco buildings of Backbay Reclamation and Marine Drive. The Northern Edge of the Property is defined by Veer Nariman Road and the Southern Edge by Madame Cama Road. This exercise of the definition and demarcation of the boundary was undertaken over a period of several months with stakeholder consultations and public meetings in order to arrive at a succinct boundary that is well managed. Context of the Site on a regional landuse plan of Mumbai Metropolitan Region (Source: MMRDA, 1999) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary.indd 11 02/01/14 12:39 PM 3 Criteria under which the Property has been nominated The inscription is proposed under Cultural Criteria (ii) and (iv) Justification for Inscription under these Criteria Criteria (ii) Exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design. Mumbai was colonized by the Portuguese who gifted it to England as part of Catherine de Braganza’s dowry to Charles II in 1662. Subsequently, the British Crown leased the islands to the East India Company which gained a strategic foothold for its colonial expansion in India. In the 1670s, the British invited mercantile communities to settle with the assurance of liberty of religion and trade, laying the foundations of the cosmopolitan character of the mercantile city. In 1686, the East India Company transferred its maritime activity from Surat to Mumbai. It fortified the town and in the 1700s, invited the Wadias, Parsee shipbuilders from Gujarat to lay the foundations of the ship building industry. By the 19th century, Mumbai was a leading port city trading in pearls and coffee with Basra, Muscat and Arabia, ivory and slaves with East Africa, cotton and opium with China and pepper and raw cotton with Europe1. This cultural interchange made it the “Gateway to India” welcoming global trade, industrial growth and western concepts of town planning, architecture and public institutions.