Zootaxa 3856 (1): 073–099 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A61774A-7D31-46CE-8311-683DCC8BE43F A review of Luxiaria Walker and its allied genus Calletaera Warren (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China

NAN JIANG1, DAYONG XUE1 & HONGXIANG HAN1,2 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The genus Luxiaria Walker and its allied genus Calletaera Warren in China, including 16 species in all, are reviewed. Five new species are described: C. obvia sp. nov., C. acuticornuta sp. nov., C. rotundicornuta sp. nov., C. dentata sp. nov., C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. The species L. acutaria (Snellen, 1877) and L. tephrosaria (Moore, 1868) are newly recorded for China. Two new combinations are established: C. obliquata (Moore, 1888) comb. nov. and C. consimilaria (Leech, 1897) comb. nov. Four new synonyms are established: Eutoea Walker, 1860 (= Bithiodes Warren, 1894 syn. nov.); Cal- letaera Warren, 1895 (=Bithiodes Warren, 1899 syn. nov.), based on the fixation of nominal type Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861, for the genus name Bithiodes Warren, 1894; L. emphatica Prout, 1925 (= L. costinota Inoue, 1978 syn. nov.); C. subexpressa (Walker, 1861) (= C. digrammata Wehrli, 1925 syn. nov.). Diagnoses for all Chinese species are provided. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.

Key words: taxonomy, morphology, new species, new synonyms, new combinations

Introduction

Luxiaria Walker and Calletaera Warren are both assigned to the tribe Eutoeini within the subfamily Ennominae. Members of these two genera have the following features: an elliptical fovea with transverse ridges is present at the base of the male forewing; the postmedial lines of both wings are thin and indistinct, often represented by a row of dots; dark bands are present outside the postmedial lines of both wings. The genus Luxiaria was described as a monotypic genus by Walker (1860), based on L. alfenusaria Walker, 1860, which was later listed as a junior synonym of Drepanodes? phyllosaria Walker, 1860 by Swinhoe (1894). Species of Luxiaria are widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Australian and Ethiopian regions. Up to the present, 41 species have been recognized in Luxiaria (Parsons et al. 1999), with seven species recorded in China (Leech 1897; Prout 1915; Wehrli 1940; Inoue 1978; Xue 1992a, 1992b; Zhu & Xue 1992; Xue 1993; Yazaki 1994; Wang 1998; Xue & Han 2005; Fang & Wu 2001; Han & Xue 2002; Han & Xue 2004; Sato & Fan 2011). Calletaera Warren was described by Warren (1895) on the basis of Macaria ruptaria Walker, 1861, which was later considered to be a junior synonym of Acidalia subexpressa Walker, 1861 by Holloway (1994). Nine species have been recognized in Calletaera before the present work (Parsons et al. 1999), with four species recorded in China (Wileman 1916; Wehrli 1925; Wang 1998; Ades & Kendrick 2004). However, following study of material obtained during recent expeditions and re-examination of the collection in IZCAS, it has become apparent that new species need to be described, and taxonomy of the genera needs to be revised. The aims of this paper are to provide a survey of Chinese Luxiaria and Calletaera species, to provide diagnostic characters for each genus and species, to describe five new species of Calletaera and two newly recorded species of Luxiaria for the fauna of China, to establish two new combinations and four new synonyms, and to provide illustrations of external features and genitalia of Chinese species. This results in six species of

Accepted by E. Beljaev: 24 Jul. 2014; published: 21 Aug. 2014 73 Luxiaria and ten species of Calletaera (or nine if we are correct in believing that C. postvittata (Walker, 1861) does not occur in China) for the fauna of China.

Material and methods

Specimens of Luxiaria and Calletaera were mainly from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS); the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (BMNH); the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFMK). Other institutions cited as type depositary are Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany (MNHU) and (Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK (OUM). Terminology for wing venation follows the Comstock-Needham System (Comstock 1918) as adopted for Geometridae by Scoble (1992) and Hausmann (2001), and that for the genitalia was based on Pierce (1914, reprint 1976), Klots (1970) and Nichols (1989). Photographs of the moths were taken with digital cameras. Composite images were generated using Auto-Montage software version 5.03.0061 (Synoptics Ltd). The plates were compiled using Adobe Photoshop software.

Taxonomic accounts

Luxiaria Walker, 1860

Luxiaria Walker, 1860, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 20: 231. Type species: Luxiaria alfenusaria Walker, 1860, by monotypy. Euippe Meyrick, 1886, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1886: 210. Type species: Euippe phalarota Meyrick, 1886, by monotypy. Idiotephra Warren, 1899, Novit. zool., 6: 60. Type species: Idiotephra curvivena Warren, 1899, by original designation. Hypochariessa Turner, 1947, Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 58: 98. Type species: Nadagarodes ochrophara Turner, 1919, by original designation.

Generic characters. Antennae filiform, ciliate in male. Frons not protruding. Labial palpi with third segment distinct, extending beyond frons terminally. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair- pencil in male. Apex of forewing often acute, sometimes slightly falcate (e.g. L. amasa (Butler, 1878) and L. phyllosaria (Walker, 1860)); outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing often strongly serrate in male and almost smooth or crenulate in female, sometimes smooth in both male and female (e.g. L. phyllosaria); hind wing much broader in male than in female. Wings usually yellowish white to yellowish brown; postmedial lines serrate, usually indistinct and represented by a row of black dots; dark bands present outside postmedial lines. Underside with transverse lines darker than those of upperside, discal spots usually more distinct than those of upperside.

Forewing with R1 anastomosing with R2, Sc shortly anastomosing with R1. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia with short uncus, often bifurcate apically, bearing setae and a small process dorsally; gnathos connected at middle and with median process undeveloped; valva completely bifurcate, forming a dorsal arm and a ventral arm with a lobe connecting them basally, dorsal arm bearing long setae; ventral arm angled and forming a hook-shaped spine dorsally at subapical part; coremata undeveloped; juxta short; vesica of aedeagus often with one or two spine-like cornuti; eighth sternite of male abdomen with a shallow cleft posteriorly, flanked by apodeme- like processes. Female genitalia with papillae anales slightly narrow terminally; lamella postvaginalis well developed, often ring-like (except L. emphatica Prout, 1925); ductus bursae with an antrum, often sclerotized and striate longitudinally; corpus bursae lacking signum; seventh sternite of female abdomen sclerotized and concave posteriorly. Diagnosis. The genus Luxiaria is very similar to Calletaera in external characters, but can be distinguished by the following characters: the eighth sternite of the male abdomen is shallowly concave and flanked by apodeme- like processes, while Calletaera lacks this character. In the male genitalia, a lobe connects the dorsal arm with the ventral arm of the valva; the ventral arm of the valva is angled subapically, while in Calletaera, it is not angled. The corpus bursae of the female genitalia lacks a signum, but Calletaera possesses a well developed signum with marginal spines. Distribution. China, Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Africa.

74 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Luxiaria mitorrhaphes Prout, 1925 Figs 1–5, 48, 65, 85, 99

Luxiaria mitorrhaphes Prout, 1925, Novit. zool., 32: 64. Holotype ♂, India: Naga Hills, 5000–6000 ft (BMNH). Luxiaria contigaria Walker, sensu Prout, 1915, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 350, pl. 18: l.

Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are close to those of L. acutaria (Snellen, 1877) as follows: the forewing apex is not falcate; the outer margin of the hind wing is serrate; greyish brown bands are present outside the postmedial lines of both wings. But the species can be distinguished by the following characters: the outer margin of the hind wing in the female is almost smooth and not as crenulate as in L. acutaria; the forewing discal spot is smaller, and not extending to the medial line distally; the postmedial lines on the underside of both wings are less distinct. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the uncus is deeply concave apically, and V- shaped, while in L. acutaria, it is shallowly concave apically, and nearly semicircular; the lobe between the dorsal and the ventral arms of the valva is weakly protruding outwards at the middle; a short digitiform process with small spines terminally arises from the ventral margin of the dorsal arm of the valva, but it is absent in L. acutaria; the ventral arm of the valva is swollen basally and forms a sharp protrusion on the ventral margin, while L. acutaria does not have this character; the angled part of the ventral arm of the valva looks like the head of a snake, while in L. acutaria, it is shorter and broader, forming two acute points terminally; the cornutus is longer than that of L. acutaria. The male genitalia of the species are also similar to those of L. amasa, especially in the ventral arm of the valva, but it can be distinguished by the deeply concave uncus, the subapical spine on the ventral margin of the ventral arm of the right valva, the presence of a short process on the dorsal arm of the valva, the narrower saccus, the absence of a pair of triangular lobes on the juxta, the absence of a short finger-like process of the aedeagus and the longer cornutus. The female genitalia are different from those of other congeners as follows: a long triangular process is present at the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis; the cleft of the seventh sternite of the female is deep and almost rounded. Material examined. CHINA: Jilin (IZCAS): 1♂1♀, Changbaishan, 6.VIII.1974, 10.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin. Henan (IZCAS): 1♂3♀, Baiyunshan, 1300–1400 m, 13.VI.2001, 15–31.VII.2003, coll. Shen Xiaocheng; 1♂2♀, Xinyang, Jigongshan, 250 m, 20–21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 2♂, Huangbaiyuan, 1350 m, 13.VII.1980, coll. Han Yinheng. Gansu (IZCAS): 1♂, Wenxian, Shanwangmiao, 1500 m, 28.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, 30.VI.1988. Qinghai (IZCAS): 2♀, Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 7.VIII.2005, coll. Han Hongxiang. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 21♂5♀, Lin’an, West Tianmushan, 400–1500 m, 26–30.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong & Han Hongxiang; 12♂29♀, Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6–10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 5♂9♀, Qingyuan, Baishanzu, 570–1856 m, 11–13.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1♂3♀, Taishun, Wuyanling, Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 28–29.VII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun; 2♂3♀, Tianmushan, V.1936, 24.VI.1957, 20–25.VII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin & Su Jiyao; 1♂3♀, Hangzhou, 18.VII–16.VIII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♂, Suichang, Daxikeng, 750 m, 15.VIII.1985. Hubei (IZCAS): 1♂1♀, Shennongjia, Honghua, 860 m, 17.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♂2♀, Shennongjia, Songluo, 920 m, 31.VIII–1.IX.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♂5♀, Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, 800 m, 1–5.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♂, Badong, Tiechanghuang, 1200 m, 11.VIII.1989, coll. Li Wei; 2♀, Xingshan, 1300 m, 29.VII.1980, coll. Yu Peiyu; 1♀, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1350 m, 16.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 800 m, 23.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 1♀, 3.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin; 17♂19♀, Jiulianshan, 12.VI–31.VII.1975, 26.V.1977, 25.IX.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin & Song Shimei; 14♂10♀, Doushui, 29.VI–8.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei; 1♂5♀, Lushan, 12.VI–8.VII.1974, coll. Zhang Baolin; 7♂3♀, Guling, 9.VII–20.VIII.1935, coll. O. Piel; 5♂13♀, Dayu, 14–18.VII.1975, 14–16.VIII.1985, coll. Song Shimei & Wang Ziqing; 1♀, Jinggangshan, 29.VI.1975, coll. Song Shimei. Hunan (IZCAS): 4♂2♀, Yizhang, Mangshan, 512–770 m, 13–15.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 5♂1♀, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4–8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Guidong, Sidu, 9–12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 3♀, Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 850 m, 29.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 2♀, Hengshan, 28.V.1974, 22.VIII.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Zhangjiajie, 8.X.1988, coll. Fang Chenglai; 2♂, Cili, Suoxiyu, 400 m, 17–20.X.1988, coll. Zhao Zhongling; 1♀, Yongshun, Shanmuhe, 600 m, 3.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin. Fujian (IZCAS): 1♂, Fuzhou, Forestry College, 21.VIII.1980, coll. Zhu Xiangxing; 50♂37♀, Wuyishan, Sangang, 12.VII.1960, 4–20.VIII.1979, IX.1979, 16–20.VIII.1980, 11.IV.–1.VII.1982, 14–18.IX.1982, 5.VIII.1983, 21.X.2005, 25.VII–15.VIII.2006, 11–14.VIII.2009, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 1♀, Wuyishan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29.VII.2006, coll. Xie Juan; 1♀,

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 75 Sanming, 1.IX.1980; 1♀, Wuyishan, Dazhulan, 1150 m, 28.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao; 1♀, Nanping, Maodi, 3.VII.1981, 1♀, Nanping, Tupu, 5.VIII.1981; 1♀, Jian’ou, Longcun, 18.X.1980; 1♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 270 m, 30.VI.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 2♀, Guadun, 12.VIII.1979, coll. Song Shimei; 1♂1♀, Huanggangshan, 28.VI.1982, coll. Qi Shicheng & Jiang Fan; 1♂, Jiangle, Longqishan, 8.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei; 1♂, Jiangle, 800 m, 14.IX.1990, coll. Yang Bin; 2♂, Nanjing, Huboliao, Xiangxi, 195 m, 22–24.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 2♀, Nanjing, 24–26.VII.1973, coll. Chen Yixin; 3♂1♀, Shanghang, Meihuashan, Mafang, 1081–1147 m, 3–5.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♂, VII.1936; 26♂10♀, Ruyuan, Nanling, Baohuzhan, 1020 m, 16–20.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 23♂7♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♂1♀, Dinghushan, 2–8.IV.1979, coll. Du Shaokun et al.; 1♂1♀, Lianping, 14–15.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hainan (IZCAS): 4♂6♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Yan Keji; 2♂2♀, Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Yan Keji; 6♂7♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808–828 m, 1–5.V.2007, 18–22.V.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 15♂20♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, 746–934 m, 19.III–18.IV.1980, 17.XII.1981, 25.III–2.IV.1982, 11–18.V.1982, 8.IV–4.V.1983, 14–17.XII.2007, 24.III.2008, 23–26.XI.2008, 19.V.2009, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 7♂2♀, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004–1015 m, 8–10.V.2007, 7.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun & Chen Fuqiang; 3♂3♀, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620–656 m, 14–15.V.2007, 30.XI.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang & Lang Songyun; 2♂2♀, Qiongzhong, Limuling, Qijiacun, 657 m, 6–7.IV.2010, coll. Jiang Nan; 6♂7♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 29.III–4.V.2007, 11–12.XII.2007, 31.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 7♂3♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 8–10.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang. Guangxi (IZCAS): 13♂15♀, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900–1900 m, 17–18.V.1999, 28–29.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian et al.; 21♂50♀, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200–400 m, 15–16.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 8♂3♀, Jinxiu, Linhai Shanzhuang, 1000 m, 2.VII.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu; 13♂2♀, Jinxiu, Jinzhong Gonglu, 1000 m, 10–12.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 2♀, Jinxiu, Lianhuashan, 900 m, 20.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♂, Jinxiu, Huawang Shanzhuang, 600 m, 20.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun; 31♂26♀, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19.VI.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu & Yao Jian; 1♀, Napo, Beidou, 550 m, 22.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 7♂13♀, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 250–300 m, 28–29.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun et al.; 1♂1♀, Qinzhou, 5.IV.1980; 1♀, Wuming, Damingshan, 1200 m, 15.VI.1984, coll. Zeng Yufen; 1♂, Fangcheng, Banba, 550 m, 4.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 3♂1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 23–24.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun & Li Wenzhu; 7♂4♀, Jinxiu, Yinshanzhan, 1100 m, 10.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu & Liu Dajun; 5♂11♀, Miao’ershan, 800–1900 m, 2–15.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai; 12♂7♀, Longsheng, 10–14.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao & Song Shimei; 1♂, Longsheng, Tianpingshan, 740 m, 3.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 2♀, Longsheng, Hongtan, 900 m, 11–14.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 2♀, Longsheng, Baiyan, 1150 m, 20.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 4♂1♀, Guilin, 150 m, 19.VII.1976, 8–14.VI.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 1♂1♀, Nanning, Linkesuo, 110 m, 21–26.IV.1984, coll. Wang Jijian & Zhang Jiajun; 1♂, Lingchuan, 14.VI.1984. Sichuan (IZCAS): 19♂6♀, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 15.VI–28.VII.1957, 15–22.IX.1957, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 2♀, Emeishan, 710 m, 20–21.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping; 11♂1♀, Wanxian, Wang’erbao, 1200 m, 10.VII.1993, 11–12.VIII.1993, coll. Huang Runzhi et al.; 1♀, Wulong, 1000 m, 2.VII.1989, coll. Mai Guoqing; 1♂2♀, Fengdu, Shiping, 200–610 m, 1–2.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♂, Yingjing, Siping, 1100 m, 24.VI.1984, coll. Chen Yixin; 1♀, Dukou, Lanmuqiao, 22.VIII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Wushan, Liziping, 1850 m, 3.VII.1993, coll. Li Hongxing; 1♂1♀, Qingchengshan, 700–1000 m, 29.V–3.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping & Shang Jinwen. Chongqing (IZCAS): 2♀, Chongqing, 21–22.VI.1974, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♀, Jinyunshan, 800 m, 14.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1♂2♀, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei. Yunnan (IZCAS): 2♂3♀, Jinping, Hetouzhai, 1700 m, 11–16.V.1956, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 18♂10♀, Pingbian, Daweishan, 1500 m, 16–21.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 11♂6♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang & Lang Songyun; 2♂2♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040–1100 m, 19–23.V.1992, 8–10.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong & Wu Chunguang; 8♂3♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong & Wu Chunguang; 1♂2♀, Tengchong, Danzha Linchang, 2500 m, 2–4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 2♂3♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 5♂1♀, Dongfeng Famuchang, 25.IV.1978; 2♂2♀, Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong & Cheng Xinyue; 1♂, Daguan, Tianxing, 850 m, 30.VI.1982; 1♂, Jingdong, Wuliangshan, 1350 m, 17.V.1982; 1♂, Jingdong, Dongjiafen, 1250 m, 23.VI.1956, coll. Zarylyaev; 11♂1♀, Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 6–8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Wanding, 700 m, 10.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Xiaomenglun, 7.V.1980, coll. Wang Linyao; 1♂, Mangshi, 1200 m, 5.V.1980, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2800 m, 20.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1♂, Jinghong, Sanchahe, 850 m, 26.IV.1982, coll. Li Wei; 1♀, Xiaocaoba

76 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Linchang, 1850 m, 18–25.V.1983, coll. Luo Feiya; 2♂1♀, Guandu, Longmachang, 1820–2020 m, 19–24.VII.1982, coll. Luo Feiya; 1♂, Yiliang, 1950 m, 10.VII.1979, coll. Cao Wenzhong; 1♂1♀, Dulongjiang, 1500 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Xiao Ningnian. Tibet (IZCAS): 1♀, Mêdog, Baibung, 880 m, 18.V.1983, coll. Han Yinheng; 3♂7♀, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Mêdog, Aniqiao, 1060 m, 13.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 8♂6♀, Bomi, Tangmai, 2079–2100 m, 29–31.VIII.2005, 29–30.VIII.2006, coll. Wang Xuejian; 2♂, Nyingchi, Pêlung, 2115 m, 1.IX.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian; 2♂1♀, Nyingchi, Zayü, Shang Zayü, 1960 m, 21–23.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian. Distribution. China (Jilin, Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), Japan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia (Borneo). Remarks. The forewing postmedial line of L. mitorrhaphes sometimes forms a black patch at the anal margin on the upperside (Fig. 1). Bastelberger (1909) named this aberration as 'Luxiaria melanops ab. n.', but he did not link the aberration to any species. Prout (1915) firstly put it under L. contigaria, and Wehrli (1940) placed it under L. mitorrhaphes. 'Luxiaria melanops' is not an available name under the Code (1999, 4th Edition, Article 45.6.2).

Luxiaria acutaria (Snellen, 1877) Figs 6–9, 49, 66, 86, 100

Boarmia acutaria Snellen, 1877, Tijdschr. Ent., 20 (2): 75, pl. 6, fig. 1, 2. Syntypes 1♂, 1♀, Sumatra. Luxiaria intensata Moore, 1888, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, 3: 254. Syntypes including 1♂, India: Darjeeling (MNHU). Luxiaria acutaria: Holloway, 1976, Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu: 78.

Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters of external morphology and the male genitalia of the species are given under the previous species. The female genitalia of the species are close to those of L. amasa, but the lamella postvaginalis is weakly sclerotized, and weakly protruding outwards laterally; the lamella antevaginalis is not developed, but it is almost square and concave posteriorly in L. amasa; the length of the ductus bursae is similar to that of the corpus bursae, while in L. amasa, it is shorter than the length of the corpus bursae; the corpus bursae is membranous, but weakly sclerotized in L. amasa. Material examined. CHINA: Hainan (IZCAS): 11♂7♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 2–3.V.2007, 11–12.XII.2007, 29–31.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 9♂1♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 8–10.V.2007, 8–9.XII.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 7♂3♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♂, Jianfengling, 10.IV.1980; 1♂, Ledong, Jianfengling, 934 m, 14–17.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♂, Qiongzhong, Limushan, Qijiacun, 657 m, 6–7.IV.2010, coll. Jiang Nan; 1♂, Limushan, 26.V.1984, coll. Gu Maobin. Guangxi (IZCAS): 3♀, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 300 m, 27–29.V.1999, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al.; 1♀, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 17.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 300 m, 24.V.1999, coll. Yuan Decheng. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♂4♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang; 2♂1♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang; 1♂, Jingdong, Dongjiafen, 1250 m, 23.VI.1956, coll. Zarylyaev; 1♂, Mengla, 20.IV.1982, coll. Chen Yixin. Tibet (IZCAS): 2♂, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Mêdog, Aniqiao, 1060 m, 12–13.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun. Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Indonesia (Borneo, Java). Remarks. L. acutaria is newly recorded from China.

Luxiaria amasa (Butler, 1878) Figs 10–13, 50, 67, 87, 101

Bithia amasa Butler, 1878, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5) 1: 405. Holotype ♂, Japan: Yokohama (BMNH). Luxiaria fasciosa Moore, 1888, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, 3: 254. Syntypes ♂, ♀, India: Darjeeling (BMNH). Luxiaria fulvifascia Warren, 1894, Novit. zool., 1: 440. Holotype ♂, Sumatra (BMNH). Luxiaria contigaria amasa: Prout, 1915, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 350. Luxiaria amasa: Wehrli, 1940, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 407, pl. 33: b.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 77 Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are similar to those of L. mitorrhaphes and L. acutaria, but L. amasa is distinguished by the following characters: the outer margin of the female forms a small protrusion at the end of M3; the dark bands outside the postmedial lines of both wings are reddish brown, while in L. mitorrhaphes and L. acutaria, those are greyish brown; reddish brown scales are present between the forewing submarginal line and the outer margin below M1 and the apex of hind wing, but are absent in L. mitorrhaphes and L. acutaria. The diagnostic characters of the genitalia can be seen under L. mitorrhaphes and L. acutaria. Material examined. CHINA: Gausu (IZCAS): 1♀, Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1450–1650 m, 15.VII.1998, coll. Wang Shuyong. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 3♂1♀, Taishun, Wuyanling, Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 29.VII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Taishun, Shangfengxiang, 30.VII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun. Hubei (IZCAS): 8♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300–1350 m, 21.VI–14.VII.1993, 6–9.V.1994, 8–14.IX.1994, coll. Song Shimei & Li Wenzhu; 3♀, Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, 1800 m, 1.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 2♀, Shennongjia, Songluo, 920 m, 31.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 4♀ Doushui, 29.VI–5.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei; 2♂4♀, Jiulianshan, 9–14.VI.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin & Song Shimei. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♂, Zhangjiajie, 8.X.1988; 1♂1♀, Zhangjiajie, Suoxiyu, 400 m, 17.X.1988. Fujian (IZCAS): 20♂4♀, Wuyishan, Sangang, 700–704 m, 11.VIII.1979, 22–25.IV.1982, 30.VI.1982, 13–18.IX.1982, 10.V–6.VI.1983, 13.VIII.1983, 20.X.2005, 3.VI.2006, 11–14.VIII.2009, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 2♀, Wuyishan, Dazhulan, 1150 m, 28.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao; 2♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Aotou, 750–950 m, 30.IV–1.V.1960, coll. Zhang Yiran & Zuo Yong; 1♀, Guadun, 17.VI.1981, coll. Jiang Fan; 1♂, Wuping, Liangyeshan, Kongxia, 480–627 m, 17–19.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Nanping, Dafeng, 11.VI.1981. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 15.V.2007, coll. Lang Songyun; 3♀, Jianfengling, 12.IV.1982, 18.V.1982, 8.VII.1982, coll. Liu Yuanfu et al. Guangxi (IZCAS): 2♂1♀, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 9–18.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian & Li Wenzhu; 1♂1♀, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200–400 m, 15.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang & Li Wenzhu; 2♂1♀, Longsheng, 10–14.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao; 1♂1♀, Miao’ershan, Jiuniuchang, 1150–1600 m, 7–15.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai; 1♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 24.V.1999, coll. Zhang Yanzhou; 1♀, Jinxiu, Linhai Shanzhuang, 1000 m, 2.VII.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu. Sichuan (IZCAS): 1♂2♀, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 18–20.IV.1957, 4.VII.1957, coll. Huang Keren &Wang Zongyuan; 1♀, Emeishan, 2100 m, 25.VI.1955, coll. Yang Xingchi; 4♂, Wanxian, Wang’erbao, 1200 m, 10.VII.1993, 12.VIII.1993, 28.V.1994, coll. Song Shimei & Li Wenzhu; 3♂, Fengdu, Shiping, 610 m, 2.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♀, Xichuang, 4.VIII.1974, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♂, Changshou, Nanmuyuan, 450 m, 9.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♂, Ya’an, Sichuan Agricultural University, 580 m, 13.V.2009, coll. Li Jing; 2♂, Qingchengshan, 1000 m, 22.V–4.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping. Chongqing (IZCAS): 1♂, Jinyunshan, 800 m, 14.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu. Yunnan (IZCAS): 9♂3♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 2♂, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 8♂2♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang & Lang Songyun; 1♂, Yongsheng, Liude, 2250 m, 10.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1♂, Lijiang, Yuhu, 2700 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1♂, Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 6–8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 2♂, Yinghong, Dongfeng Famuchang, 24.IV.1978. Tibet (IZCAS): 3♂9♀, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂1♀, Mêdog, Road from Bomi to Mêdog, 80 Km, 2118 m, 24–25.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Mêdog, Aniqiao, 1060 m, 12–13.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 8♂1♀, Bomi, Yi’ong, Tangmai, 2079–2300 m, 10.VIII.1983, 29–31.VIII.2005, 29–30.VIII.2006, coll. Han Yinheng et al.; 8♂2♀, Nyingchi, Pêlung, 2115 m, 1–2.IX.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian; 15♂, Zayü, Shang Zayü, 1534–1960 m, 21–26.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian; 1♂, Zham, 2200 m, 25.VI.1975, coll. Wang Ziqing. Distribution. China (Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Tibet), Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, India, Nepal, Indonesia (Borneo, Java). Remarks. Populations of L. amasa from China belong to the nominate subspecies.

Luxiaria emphatica Prout, 1925 Figs 14–20, 51–53, 68–70, 88, 102

Luxiaria emphatica Prout, 1925, Novit. zool., 32: 63. Holotype ♂, India: Assam, Khasis [Khasi Hills], Cherrapunji (BMNH). Luxiaria versiformis Prout, 1925, Novit. zool., 32: 63. Holotype ♂, Peninsular Malaysia: Gunong Ijau (BMNH).

78 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Luxiaria costinota Inoue, 1978, Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 14: 232, figs 66–68. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Nantou, Wushe (BMNH). Syn. nov.

Diagnosis. This species is externally similar to L. tephrosaria as follows: the hind wing of the female is weakly crenulate; the wing colour is much paler than that of L. amasa and L. acutaria; the antemedial line, medial line and postmedial line respectively form a distinct black patch on the costa; the dot of the forewing postmedial line near the anal margin is dark and enlarged. However, L. emphatica can be distinguished by the following characters: the greyish brown bands outside the postmedial lines on both wings are thicker than those of L. tephrosaria; a greyish brown dot is present between M veins outside the postmedial line of the hind wing in L. tephrosaria, which is absent in L. emphatica. The male genitalia of L. emphatica are also similar to those of L. tephrosaria as follows: the uncus is shallowly concave, apically and has a short finger-shaped process dorsally; the dorsal arm of the valva does not have a process as in L. amasa and L. acutaria. L. emphatica differs from L. tephrosaria as follows: the angled parts of the ventral arms of the valvae are asymmetric (the right angled part is broader than the left one and has tiny spines ventrally), while in L. tephrosaria, they are almost symmetrical, slightly protruding dorsally and straight ventrally; the aedeagus has a long spine-like process at terminal one-third in L. tephrosaria, which is absent in L. emphatica; the cornutus is much shorter than that of L. tephrosaria. The female genitalia are different from other species by the following characters: the lamella postvaginalis is trapeziform and shallowly concave apically; the lamella antevaginalis is much larger than the lamella postvaginalis, square and shallowly concave posteriorly; the ductus bursae is very short, about one-third of the length of the corpus bursae. Material examined. INDIA (BMNH): 1♂ (holotype), Khasis, Cherrapunji, May 1893, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 11217. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (BMNH): 1♂ (Syntype of L. versiformis), Gunong Ijau, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 11218. CHINA: Taiwan (BMNH): 1♂ (holotype of L. costinota), Wushe, Spring 1963, Inoue coll. BM.1992-71; 1♂, Hoshun, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 10158. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 1♂, Dayu, 18.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, 22–26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Hainan (IZCAS): 8♂2♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 8–12.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang & Lang Songyun; 1♂, Wuzhishan, 708–727 m, 6.XII.2007, 8–11.IV.2010, coll. Li Jing and Jiang Nan; 6♂2♀, Yinggeling, 950–1100 m, 27.VIII–12.IX.2005, coll. Liu Chunxiang; 9♂5♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 2.V.2007, 11–12.XII.2007, 29–31.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 4♂5♀, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji; 4♂2♀, Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji & Chen Fuqiang; 12♂8♀, Jianfengling, 707–934 m, 14–18.IV.1980, 4.XI.1981, 1–5.V.2007, 14–17.XII.2007, 24.III.2008, 23–26.XI.2008, 21–22.V.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 3♂1♀, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004–1015 m, 8–10.V.2007, 7.IV.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Lang Songyun. Guangxi (IZCAS): 5♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian & Li Wenzhu; 1♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 25.V.1999, coll. Zhang Yanzhou; 1♂1♀, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 300–350 m, 29.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu & Zhang Xuezhong. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1997, coll. Cheng Xinyue; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 1000 m, 3.IX.1957, coll. Wang Shuyong; 2♂, Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 6–8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♂1♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Lang Songyun; 2♂, Dongfeng Famuchang, 25.IV.1978; 1♂, Menghai Shuiku, 110 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Li Wei. Tibet (IZCAS): 2♀, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Sundaland. Remarks. We examined the holotypes of L. emphatica and L. costinota, and found that the external and genital features of L. costinota are identical to those of L. emphatica. Therefore we sink L. costinota as a junior synonym of L. emphatica.

Luxiaria tephrosaria (Moore, 1868) Figs 21–24, 54, 71, 89, 103

Acidalia tephrosaria Moore, 1868, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1867 (3): 643. Syntypes including 1♂, India: Bengal. Luxiaria tephrosaria: Debauche, 1941, Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. Belg., (2) 22: 25.

Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters of the external morphology and the male genitalia are given under the

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 79 previous species. In the female genitalia, the lamella postvaginalis is concave posteriorly with a rounded protrusion laterally, as in L. amasa; the area near the ostium bursae is weakly sclerotized; a pair of narrow digitiform processes of the antrum is characteristic. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♂1♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♂, Tengchong, Danzha Linchang, 2500 m, 2–4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♂1♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong & Wu Chunguang; 1♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang. Tibet (IZCAS): 1♀, Bomi, Tangmai, 2100 m, 31.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Indonesia (Borneo). Remarks. L. tephrosaria is newly recorded from China, where it is represented by the nominate subspecies.

Luxiaria phyllosaria (Walker, 1860) Figs 25–28, 55, 72, 82, 90, 104

Drepanodes? phyllosaria Walker, 1860, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 20: 82. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Luxiaria alfenusaria Walker, 1860, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 20: 232. Holotype ♂, Borneo: Sarawak (BMNH). Psamatodes acutaria Pagenstecher, 1888, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk., 41: 177. Syntypes, Malaysia. Luxiaria phyllosaria: Holloway, 1976, Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu: 78.

Diagnosis. In external appearance, this species is distinguishable from other congeners by the following characters: the forewing apex is falcate; the outer margin of the hind wing is smooth; the wing colour is yellow; the forewing antemedial and medial lines respectively form a short blackish brown stripe on the costa; a blackish brown semicircular patch is present on the costa near the apex of the forewing; broad brown bands are present outside the postmedial lines of both wings, the forewing band extending to the outer margin except in the area near the apex; blackish brown and serrate patches are present on the bands, sometimes indistinctly; the discal spots are greyish brown, but reddish brown and more distinct on the underside; the forewing fringes are dark brown. The male genitalia are similar to those of L. amasa, but the ventral margin of the dorsal arm of the valva has a rounded process with short spines terminally, which is absent in L. amasa; the angled part of the ventral arm of the valva is nearly triangular; the posterior part of the juxta is less sclerotized; the aedeagus does not have any sclerotized structures; the vesica has two cornuti, the basal one much shorter than the apical one. The female genitalia are also close to those of L. amasa, but the lamella antevaginalis is undeveloped; the lamella postvaginalis does not have a lateral protrusion, and the anterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis is thicker. Material examined. CHINA: Hainan (IZCAS): 5♂3♀, Jianfengling, 14.IV.1978, 12.IV.1980, 27.V–9.VI.1982, 6.V.1983, 9.VIII.1983, coll. Liu Yuanfu et al.; 1♀, Baisha, Yinggeling, Nankai, Mohao, 15–16.IV.2010, coll. Jiang Nan. Guangxi (IZCAS): 10♂2♀, Pingxiang, 230 m, 8–13.VI.1976, coll. Zhang Baolin; 4♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 24–26.V.1999, coll. Yuan Decheng et al.; 2♂, Napo, Beidou, 550 m, 9.IV.1998, coll. Wu Chunsheng & Zhou Haisheng; 1♂, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 14.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang. Distribution. China (Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, ?Jilin); India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia (Borneo). Remarks. We have one male specimen labelled “Changbaishan, Jilin, 12.VII.1974” in our collections. The external and genital features of the specimen are identical to the specimens of L. phyllosaria from Hainan and Guangxi. We think the distribution of this species in Jilin is very strange and suspect that it may be a labelling error. Further specimens from Jilin would be needed to confirm the validity of the distribution in Jilin.

Calletaera Warren, 1895

Calletaera Warren, 1895, Novit. zool., 2: 132. Type species: Macaria ruptaria Walker, 1861, by original designation. Bithiodes Warren, 1899, Novit. zool., 6: 354 (nec Bithiodes Warren, 1894). Type species: Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888. Syn. nov.

80 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Generic characters. Antennae mostly bipectinate in male, sometimes filiform (e.g. C. subgravata (Prout, 1932), C. trigonoprocessus and C. postvittata); filiform in female. Frons not protruding. Labial palpi with third segment distinct. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Apex of forewing often acute, sometimes slightly falcate (e.g. C. obliquata, C. obvia, C. acuticornuta, C. rotundicornuta and C. consimilaria); outer margin of forewing often straight, sometimes slightly protruding outwards at posterior half (e.g. C. subexpressa and C. basipuncta Wileman, 1916) or at middle (e.g. C. foveata Holloway, 1994), that of hind wing often crenulate above CuA1 and smooth below CuA1, sometimes forming a small protrusion or angle at end of

M1 (e.g. C. obliquata, C. obvia, C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta) or at M3 (e.g. C. postvittata, C. dentata, C. trigonoprocessus and C. jotaria (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)). Wings with postmedial lines thin, often dot-like (except C. subexpressa, C. basipuncta, C. foveata, C. sabulosa Warren, 1895 and C. schistacea Swinhoe, 1900); dark bands often present outside postmedial lines, and both inside and outside submarginal lines; Forewing with R1 long stalked with R2 (e.g. C. obliquata, C. obvia, C. acuticornuta, C. rotundicornuta and C. consimilaria) or anastomosing with R2 (e.g. C. subexpressa, C. dentata and C. trigonoprocessus). Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia with uncus short, bearing a short apical process; gnathos with median process not developed; valva deeply bifurcate, forming a dorsal arm and a ventral arm; dorsal arm rod-like, rounded apically; ventral arm with a curved spine-like terminal part; coremata not developed; juxta short; saccus almost triangular, acute or rounded apically; aedeagus sometimes with a process posteriorly (e.g. C. subexpressa, C. trigonoprocessus and C. subgravata); vesica with cornuti, the shape of cornuti variable among species. Female genitalia with papillae anales rounded terminally; lamella postvaginalis small, ductus bursae with an antrum, totally or partly sclerotized; corpus bursae with a signum; signum large, rounded or oval with many marginal spines; seventh sternite often sclerotized and concave posteriorly (except C. subexpressa). Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under the previous genus Luxiaria. Distribution. China, Southeast Asia. Remarks. Warren (1894) originally designated Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861 as the type species of Bithiodes, but subsequently, in 1899, having discovered that the specimens he had examined had been misidentified, and in fact belonged to Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888, published a correction purporting to redesignate the type species of Bithiodes as Luxiaria obliquata. Formally this corrected type designation is not valid following the Code (1999). However, the name Bithiodes Warren, 1899, is available following article 12.2.1 of the Code (1999), as a name, which is accompanied by an indication. Thus, there are two different but homonymic generic names: Bithiodes Warren, 1894, with type species Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861, by original designation, and Bithiodes Warren, 1899, with type species Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888, by original designation. To avoid any doubt which might result from Warren's attempt to change the type species of Bithiodes Warren 1894, following the article 70.3 of the Code (1999), we confirm the nominal type Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861, for the genus name Bithiodes Warren, 1894. Because A. inexactata is currently regarded (Parsons et al. 1999) as a synonym of Eutoea heteroneurata (Guenée, 1858), we consider Bithiodes Warren, 1894 to be a junior subjective synonym of Eutoea Walker, 1860, syn. nov. In addition, since in this paper we have transferred L. obliquata to Calletaera, Bithiodes Warren, 1899 should be considered as a junior subjective synonym of Calletaera Warren, 1895, syn. nov.

Holloway (1994) mentioned that the species of Calletaera have the hindwing distinctly angled at M3, and considered a thorn-like process at the apex of the aedeagus as a potentially definitive feature. However, we find the two characters are not definitive features and are variable among different species in Calletaera.

Calletaera obliquata (Moore, 1888) comb. nov. Figs 29, 30, 56, 73, 83, 91, 105

Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, 3: 254. Syntypes ♂, ♀, India: Darjeeling; Cherrapunji (BMNH). Bithiodes obliquata: Warren, 1899, Novit. zool., 6: 354.

Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are similar to those of C. obvia, C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta as follows: the outer margin of the hind wing forms a small protrusion at the end of M1; the

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 81 forewing medial and postmedial lines protrude acutely outwards at M1; the submarginal lines of both wings are flanked by dark bands; the forewing submarginal line forms a black patch on the costa, which is more distinct on the underside of the wing. However, C. obliquata can be distinguished by the following characters: the rami of the antennae are much shorter than those of allied species, and the length of the longest ramus is shorter than the diameter of the antennal shaft; the protrusion of the forewing medial line of C. obliquata, C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta is more distinct than that of C. obvia; the band outside the submarginal line of the hind wing is far from the outer margin, but close to the outer margin in the other three species. In the male genitalia, the apical process of the uncus of C. obliquata, as in C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta, is stouter than that of C. obvia; the dorsal arm of the valva, as in acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta, slightly protrudes outwards at the middle, while in C. obvia the protrusion is more distinct; the saccus of C. obliquata, C. obvia and C. acuticornuta is longer than that of C. rotundicornuta, and acute terminally; the apical cornutus is longer than that of C. acuticornuta; the basal cornutus is shortly finger-shaped, and less strongly sclerotized, but narrow and long in C. obvia, stout and spine-like in C. acuticornuta, and short rod-like, strongly sclerotized with tiny distal spines in C. rotundicornuta. In the female genitalia, the lamella postvaginalis, as in C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta, is semicircular, while in C. obvia, it is almost heart-shaped; the sclerotized part of the ductus bursae of C. obliquata, C. obvia and C. rotundicornuta is longer than that of C. acuticornuta. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040 m, 8–10.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang; 3♂1♀, Pingbian, Daweishan, 1500 m, 18–20.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren. Tibet (IZCAS): 1♂, Mêdog, 950–1100 m, 4.I.1983, coll. Han Yinheng; 2♂, same locality, 1091 m, 21.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Mainling, Pai, 2900 m, 28.X.1998, coll. Yao Jian. Distribution. China (Taiwan, Yunnan, Tibet); India, Nepal.

Calletaera obvia sp. nov. Figs 31, 32, 57, 74, 92, 106

Description. Head. Antennae greyish white mixed with blackish brown dorsally, bipectinate in male, length of longest ramus about five and a half times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons dark brown, bottom margin yellowish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi with first segment pale yellow, second and third segment yellowish brown mixed with dark brown. Vertex pale yellowish brown mixed with blackish brown. Thorax. Patagia, tegula and dorsum greyish white. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Forewing length: male 17–18 mm; female 16–19 mm. Apex of forewing acute, sometimes falcate; outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing forming a small acute protrusion at end of M1. Both wings yellowish white. Forewing with postmedial and submarginal lines forming two black patches on costa; antemedial line faint; medial line greyish brown, sometimes indistinct, forming an acute protrusion at M1; discal spot greyish brown, shortly linear; postmedial line appearing as a row of black spots, nearly parallel to medial line; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line, extending from subapex, thin and indistinct above M1; submarginal line yellowish white, flanked by greyish brown and indistinct bands; terminal line indistinct, forming a series of black dots; fringes yellowish white. Hind wing with medial line greyish brown, almost straight; discal spot inconspicuous; postmedial line straight, present as a row of black spots, accompanied by a greyish brown band outside; submarginal line greyish brown, protruding outwards at M1, flanked by greyish brown bands, inner band often less distinct than outer one; terminal line similar to that of forewing. Underside pale yellow; transverse lines blackish brown, often similar to those of upperside, but discal spots and terminal lines of both wings more distinct than those of upperside. Forewing with R1 long stalked with R2, Sc connected with R1+2 by a short bar. Abdomen. First abdominal segment greyish white, remaining segments yellowish brown mixed with black scales between each segment. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia. Uncus short, rounded with a narrow digitiform process apically. Gnathos with median process vestigial. Valva deeply bifurcate; dorsal arm rod-like, bearing setae, a small rounded protrusion arising from middle of dorsal margin; ventral arm setose at terminal half, tapered and forming a curved spine apically. Saccus triangular, longer than length of uncus. Juxta short, almost oval. Aedeagus narrow posteriorly; vesica with two cornuti, both about two-fifths length of aedeagus, apical one stout and long spine-like, with tiny teeth on one side terminally, basal one very narrow.

82 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis small, heart-shaped. Ductus bursae with an antrum, slightly narrow and curved posteriorly, sclerotized part about two-thirds length of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, about three quarters length of ductus bursae; signum elliptic, with 15 to 18 marginal teeth. Seventh sternite of female abdomen sclerotized, with a semicircular cleft posteriorly. Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under the previous species. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Hunan (IZCAS): Yizhang, Mangshan Forestry Park, 512–770 m, 13–15.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Paratypes: Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1♂1♀, Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6–10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 2♀, Jiulianshan, 9–14.VI.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Jinggangshan, 5.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♀, Linziping, 11.IX.1989. Fujian (IZCAS): 1♂6♀, Wuyishan, 13–19.IX.1982, 12.VIII.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin & Song Shimei; 1♂3♀, Wuyishan, Sangang, 700–740 m, 12–17.V.1960, 18.IX.1979, 13–15.VIII.2006, coll. Wang Jiashe et al.; 1♀, Wuyishan, Dazhulan, 1150 m, 28.VII.2006, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♂, Chong’an, Xingcun, Xianfengling, 850–1170 m, 20.VIII.1960, coll. Zhang Yiran; 1♀, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Aotou, 850–950 m, 5.V.1960, coll. Ma Chenglin; 2♀, same locality, 3.VII.1976, 13.VI.1981, coll. Qi Shicheng; 1♀, Jiangle, Longqishan, 790 m, 25.IV.1991, coll. Han Yunfa; 1♂, Wuping, Liangyeshan, Kongxia, 480–627 m, 17–19.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♀, Miao’ershan, Jiuniutang, 1150 m, 7.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai; 1♂, Wuming, Damingshan, Tianping, 1200 m, 16.VII.1984, coll. Zeng Yufen; 1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 24.V.1999, coll. Zhang Yanzhou. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Latin word obvius, which means obvious, referring to the medial process of the dorsal arm of valva.

Calletaera acuticornuta sp. nov. Figs 33, 34, 58, 75, 93, 107

Description. Head. Antennae pale yellowish brown suffused with blackish brown scales dorsally, bipectinate in male, longest ramus about twice length of diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons dark brown, bottom margin greyish white, not protruding. Labial palpi with first segment greyish white, second and third segment dark brown. Vertex greyish yellow. Thorax. Patagia, tegula and dorsum pale greyish brown. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Forewing length: male 17–19 mm; female 19–20 mm. Apex of forewing acute; outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing slightly protruding at end of M1. Both wings yellowish white. Forewing with antemedial line indistinct, forming a greyish brown patch on costa; medial line greyish brown, indistinct, protruding outwards at M1; discal spot greyish brown; short strip-like; postmedial line indistinct, black dot-like on each vein, protruding outwards at M1, then bent inwards; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line, distinct below M1; submarginal line yellowish white, flanked by greyish brown and crenulate bands, outer band narrower and less distinct than inner one; terminal line greyish black, indistinct, accompanied by a row of black dots inside; fringes yellowish white. Hind wing with medial line greyish black, nearly straight; discal spot indistinct; postmedial line black and serrate, thickened on each vein; a pale greyish brown band present outside postmedial line; submarginal line, terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside yellowish white; transverse lines black, only discal spots, postmedial and terminal lines of both wings distinct; submarginal line of forewing forming a black patch on costa. Forewing with R1 long-stalked with R2, Sc connected with R1+2 by a short bar. Abdomen. First abdominal segment greyish white, remaining segments yellowish brown suffused with sparse black scales. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia. Uncus short, rounded with a stout finger-shaped process apically. Gnathos with median process vestigial. Valva deeply bifurcate; dorsal arm setose, rounded distally, slightly protruding at middle of dorsal margin; ventral arm bearing long setae at terminal half, tapered with a curved spine at tip. Saccus triangular, longer than length of uncus. Juxta short, protruding at middle of posterior margin. Aedeagus tapered posteriorly; vesica with two spine-like cornuti, apical one longer and stouter than basal one, about one quarter length of aedeagus. Female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis small and semicircular. Ductus bursae with an antrum, about twice as long as length of corpus bursae, slightly curved medially, sclerotized at posterior half. Corpus bursae oval; signum oval, with 11 to 14 marginal teeth. Seventh sternite sclerotized and with a shallow cleft posterior.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 83 Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under C. obliquata. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Hainan (IZCAS): Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Paratypes: Hainan (IZCAS): 18♂7♀, same locality as holotype, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang and Yan Keji; 2♂1♀, Yinggeling, 950–1100 m, 27.VIII–12.IX.2005, coll. Liu Chunxiang; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 10.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♀, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004 m, 7.IV. 2008, coll. Lang Songyun; 2♂3♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808 m, 12.IV.1980, 1–5.V.2007, 18–22.V.2009, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 1♂5♀, Jianfengling, 19–26.III.1980, 6.V.1983, coll. Zhang Baolin & Gu Maobin; 1♂, Ledong, Jianfengling, Yulingu, 707 m, 21.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin adjectives cornutus and acutus, referring to the sharp cornutus.

Calletaera rotundicornuta sp. nov. Figs 35, 36, 59, 76, 94, 108

Peratophyga hyalinata Kollar, sensu Han & Xue, 2004, in Yang, Insects from Mt. Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi: 479.

Description. Head. Antennae blackish brown suffused with sparse greyish white scales dorsally, bipectinate in male, rami short, length of longest ramus about one and a half times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons dark brown, bottom margin yellowish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi with first segment greyish white, second and third segment yellowish brown suffused with dark brown scales. Vertex greyish white. Thorax. Patagia, tegula and dorsum pale greyish brown. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Forewing length: male 18–19 mm; female 19–20 mm. Apex of forewing slightly falcate; outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing with a small protrusion at end of M1. Both wings greyish white, mottled with greyish brown scales. Forewing with antemedial line indistinct; medial line greyish brown, forming an acute protrusion at M1; discal spot greyish brown, shortly linear; postmedial line narrow and indistinct, only distinct and thickened on each vein as black dots, protruding outwards at M1, then bent inwards; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line, bent from subapex, often distinct and broader below M1; submarginal line greyish white, flanked by greyish brown and discontinuous bands; terminal line pale greyish, narrow and indistinct, with a series of small black spots inside; fringes greyish white. Hind wing with medial line greyish brown, straight; discal spot inconspicuous; postmedial line almost straight, similar to that of forewing; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line; submarginal line greyish white, flanked by a distinct greyish brown band; terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside transverse lines black; discal spots of both wings more distinct than those of upperside; submarginal line of forewing forming a black patch on costa. Forewing with R1 long stalked with R2, Sc connected with R1+2 by a short bar. Abdomen. First abdominal segment greyish white, remaining segments pale greyish brown with black scales between each segment. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia. Uncus short, rounded with a short apical process. Gnathos with median process vestigial. Valva deeply bifurcate, bearing setae; dorsal arm rod-like, slightly protruding at middle of dorsal margin; ventral arm tapered and forming a curved spine terminally. Saccus rounded terminally, shorter than length of uncus. Juxta short, slightly protruding at middle of posterior margin. Aedeagus narrow posteriorly; vesica with two cornuti, apical one stout spine-like, more than one-third length of aedeagus; basal one short rod-like, rounded with tiny spines distally. Female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis small and semicircular. Ductus bursae with an antrum, slightly protruding outwards at middle, sclerotized at posterior half. Corpus bursae large and oval, about one-half length of ductus bursae; signum elliptic, with 15 to 16 marginal teeth. Seventh sternite sclerotized and shallowly concave posteriorly. Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under B. obliquata. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Guangxi (IZCAS): Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 15.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang. Paratypes: Guangxi (IZCAS): 2♂3♀, same collecting data as holotype; 5♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 24.V.1999, coll. Zhang Yanzhou. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♂, Wenshan, Malipo, Tianshengqiao, 1105 m, 26.XI.2003, coll. Lu Shengxian.

84 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Yunnan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Latin adjectives rotundus and cornutus (round and horned), referring to the rounded basal cornutus.

Calletaera consimilaria (Leech, 1897) comb. nov. Figs 37, 38, 60, 77, 95, 109

Luxiaria consimilaria Leech, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 19: 304. Syntypes 2♂, 2♀, China (western): Moupin; Omeishan (BMNH).

Diagnosis. This species is similar to B. obliquata, B. obvia, B. acuticornuta, and B. rotundicornuta, but can be distinguished on the basis of the following combination of characters: the outer margin of the hind wing does not form a protrusion at the end of M1; the bands outside the postmedial lines of both wings are narrower; the medial line and the discal spot on the hind wing are more distinct. In the male genitalia, this species is distinguishable from the other four species by the straight dorsal arm of the valva, the much shorter saccus, and the presence of only one spindle-like cornutus (about one-half length of the aedeagus). In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is even in width, and the length of the sclerotized part is shorter. Material examined. CHINA: Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♂, Miao’ershan, Jiuniutang, 1150 m, 7.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai. Sichuan (IZCAS): 5♂1♀, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 18–29.IV.1957, 18.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing & Huang Keren. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Sichuan).

Calletaera subexpressa (Walker, 1861) Figs 39–41, 61, 78, 84, 96, 110

Acidalia subexpressa Walker, 1861, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 23: 773. Syntypes including 1♂, Borneo: Sarawak (OUM). Macaria ruptaria Walker, 1861, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 23: 937. Syntypes including 1♂, Borneo: Sarawak (OUM). Calletaera digrammata Wehrli, 1925, Mitt. münch. ent. Ges., 15 (1–5): 50, pl. 1, fig. 19. Syntypes 10♂, 14♀, China: Lienping (ZFMK). Syn. nov. Calletaera angulata Warren, 1896, Novit. zool., 3: 139. Syntypes, India: Khasi Hills (BMNH). Calletaera subexpressa: Holloway, 1976, Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu: 78.

Diagnosis. The wing patterns of this species are similar to those of B. basipuncta as follows: the antemedial line of the forewing forms a distinct black patch on the costa; the discal spots of both wings are small black dot-like; the postmedial line of the forewing is narrow and discontinuous, but not dot-like; broad bands are present outside the postmedial lines of both wings; the postmedial line of the forewing forms two “<” shaped streaks near the anal margin; the submarginal lines of both wings are serrate. But B. subexpressa can be separated from B. basipuncta on the basis of the following characters: the wing colour is greyish white, but pale yellowish brown in B. basipuncta; the postmedial lines of both wings are black, but brown in B. subexpressa. The male genitalia of the species are distinctive as follows: the aedeagus has a small triangular process posteriorly; the vesica has three cornuti, a long and stout spine (about one-third length of the aedeagus), a rounded lobe with a short spine and a cluster of spines. The female genitalia of the species have some distinctive characters as follows: the lamella postvaginalis is very small and semicircular; the signum is large and rounded; the seventh sternite is weakly sclerotized posteriorly. Material examined. CHINA: [Guangdong] (ZFMK): 1♂ (Syntype of Calletaera digrammata), Lienping, Juli. Fujian (IZCAS): 1♀, Chong’an, 22.X.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 4♂1♀, Wuyishan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29.VII.2006, coll. Xie Juan et al.; 2♂2♀, Wuyishan, Sangang, 704 m, 25–26.VII.2006, 11–14.VIII.2009, coll. Xue Dayong & Yang Chao. Guangdong (IZCAS): 5♂6♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, 22–26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♂, Bawangling, 145 m, 8.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♂, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 4.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 85 Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi), India, Nepal, Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Borneo). Remarks. After examining the syntype of B. digrammata Wehrli, 1925 and a series of material collected near the type localities, we find that the external and genitalic features of C. digrammata are nearly identical to those of C. subexpressa. Therefore we sink B. digrammata as a junior synonym of C. subexpressa.

Calletaera basipuncta (Wileman, 1916) Fig. 42

Calletaera basipuncta Wileman, 1916, Entomologist, 49: 36. Syntypes 2♂, Formosa [Taiwan]: Kanshirei (BMNH).

Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under the previous species. Material examined. CHINA: Formosa [Taiwan] (BMNH): 2♂ (Syntypes), Kanshirei, 1000 ft., 28.V.1908. Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Calletaera postvittata (Walker, 1861) Figs 43, 62, 79, 111

Acidalia postvittata Walker, 1861, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 23: 759. Syntypes including 1♂, Borneo: Sarawak (OUM). Macaria honoraria Walker, 1861, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 23: 928. Holotype ♀, Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (BMNH). Macaria permotaria Walker, 1861, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus., 23: 929. Syntypes 2♀, Bangladesh: Silhet [Sylhet] (BMNH). Calletaera postvittata: Holloway, 1994, Malay. Nat. J., 47: 144.

Diagnosis. The species is hard to distinguish from C. dentata on external characters. However, the two species are quite different in their genital structures. In the male genitalia of postvittata, the saccus is much longer, about twice as long as the uncus, but it is almost equal to the length of the uncus in C. dentata; the length of the sclerotized process of the aedeagus is much longer; the vesica has two cornuti, one is rod-like, the other long triangular, while in C. dentata, the vesica has one stout spine-like cornutus which is deeply dentate on one side of the terminal half. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is narrower than in C. dentata. Material examined. SUMATRA (BMNH): 1♂, Lebong Tandai, 23–30.IX.1921, C J Brooks coll. No 1754, BM1936-681, slide no.14387. INDIA (BMNH):1♀, Khasis Hill, Assam, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 14383. Distribution. ?China (Taiwan, Hong Kong), India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Sundaland, Malaysia (Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra). Remarks. We have not ourselves been able to examine material from Hong Kong or Taiwan, but we think it likely that records of C. postvittata from Taiwan and Hong Kong, which have been widely published, are misidentifications of C. dentata. If this is the case, then it seems probable that C. postvittata does not occur in China at all.

Calletaera dentata sp. nov. Figs 44, 45, 63, 80, 97, 112

Description. Head. Antennae pale yellowish brown mixed with black scales dorsally, bipectinate in male, rami very short, length of longest ramus about one-half diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons dark brown, bottom margin yellowish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi yellowish brown, terminal half dark brown. Vertex greyish yellow. Thorax. Patagia and tegula greyish yellow. Dorsum yellowish white. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Forewing length: male 12–15 mm; female 13–16 mm. Apex of

86 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. forewing acute, not protruding; outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing with a small acute protrusion at end of M3. Forewing yellowish brown; postmedial line and submarginal line respectively forming a black semicircular patch on costa; antemedial line indistinct; medial line indistinct, only forming a small black patch on costa; discal spot pale greyish brown, short stripe-like; postmedial line black and thin, often present as a row of dots, bent inwards below M1; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line below M1; submarginal line greyish white, crenulate, flanked by greyish brown bands, inner band only distinct below M1; terminal line greyish black; fringes yellowish white mixed with sparse grey scales. Hind wing pale yellowish brown; subbasal line black; medial line black and straight, passing through discal spot; postmedial line more distinct and continuous than that of forewing, thin and protruding outwards between costa and M1; a greyish brown band outside postmedial line; submarginal line greyish white, protruding outwards at M1, flanked by greyish brown bands, the bands narrower above M1; terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside yellowish brown; transverse lines blackish brown; discal spots and medial lines of both wings more distinct than those on upperside. Forewing with

R1 anastomosing with R2, Sc connected with R1+2 by a short bar. Abdomen. First abdominal segment yellowish white, remaining segments greyish brown with black scales between each segment. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia. Uncus short, with a tapered process apically. Gnathos with median process vestigial. Valva deeply bifurcate; dorsal arm bearing setae, rounded apically, slightly protruding at middle of dorsal margin; ventral arm tapered with a curved spine terminally. Saccus triangular, equal to length of uncus. Juxta short, oval. Aedeagus short, sclerotized posteriorly on both sides; vesica with one stout and long cornutus, about one-half length of aedeagus, with deep serration on one side of terminal half. Female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis small and triangular. Ductus bursae short and sclerotized, about one quarter length of corpus bursae, with an antrum. Corpus bursae long, striate longitudinally and weakly sclerotized posteriorly; signum rounded, with 13 to 14 marginal spines. Seventh sternite sclerotized and with a shallow cleft at posterior half. Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under the previous species. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Hainan (IZCAS): Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 946 m, 31.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun. Paratypes: Jiangxi (IZCAS): 1♀, Jiulianshan, Daqiutian, 25.IX.1989; 1♂, Dayu, 15.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♀, Qiyang, 4.VIII.1981, coll. Li Caiye. Fujian (IZCAS): 2♂, Nanjing, Tiankui, 6.XI.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin & Cai Rongquan; 1♂, Meihuashan, 1155–1190 m, 5.XI.2008, coll. Yuan Feng; 2♂, Shanghang, Meihuashan, Mafang, 1081–1147 m, 3–5.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♂, Wuping, Liangyeshan, Kongxia, 480–627 m, 17–19.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Nanping, Wangtai, 9.VI.1981. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♂, Lianping, 14.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hainan (IZCAS): 2♂3♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 10.XII.2007, 29–31.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun & Li Jing; 4♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji; 1♀, Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 3–4.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♂, Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, Yan Keji; 1♂, Wuzhishan, 727 m, 6.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♂1♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 1.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun; 1♂, Bawangling, Dongliu Linchang, 630–750 m, 20.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 7♂, Jianfengling, 30.X.1981, 8.XII.1981, 2–24.IX.1982, 5.XII.1983, 14–17.XII.2007, 21.V.2009, coll. Li Jing et al. Guangxi (IZCAS): 2♂1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 240 m, 14–15.III.1999, 25.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu & Yuan Decheng; 1♂, Longsheng, Hongmaochong, 900 m, 10.VI.1963. Yunnan (IZCAS): 2♂, Pingbian, Daweishan, 1500 m, 18.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1200–1600 m, 21.VII.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong; 5♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Lang Songyun & Wu Chunguang. Tibet (IZCAS): 1♂, Mêdog, Yarang, 1091 m, 23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Latin word dentatus, which means dentate, referring to the cornutus.

Calletaera trigonoprocessus sp. nov. Figs 46, 47, 64, 81, 98, 113

Description. Head. Antennae yellowish brown diffused with sparse blackish brown scales dorsally, filiform. Frons dark brown, bottom margin yellowish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi yellowish brown mixed with dark brown at terminal half. Vertex pale yellowish brown.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 87 Thorax. Patagia, tegula and dorsum pale yellowish brown. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Forewing length: male 13–15 mm; female 15–16 mm. Apex of forewing acute; outer margin of forewing straight, that of hind wing serrate between costa and M3 and smooth below M3. Forewing pale yellowish brown; medial line, postmedial line and submarginal line respectively forming a black dot at costa, the last one smallest; antemedial and medial lines indistinct; discal spot pale greyish and shortly linear; postmedial line black, often indistinct and dot-like, straight between costa and M1, bent inwards below M1; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line; submarginal line greyish white, serrate, flanked by greyish brown and bands, inner band often discontinuous; terminal line black; fringes pale yellowish brown mixed with blackish brown scales at vein ends. Hind wing greyish white; medial line smooth and often indistinct; discal spot black, rounded, larger and more distinct than that of forewing; postmedial line black, almost straight, more distinct than that of forewing; a greyish brown band present outside postmedial line; submarginal line greyish white, protruding outwards at M1, less serrate than that of forewing; flanked by greyish brown and continuous bands; terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside yellowish white; transverse lines dark brown; discal spots, medial lines and the bands outside postmedial lines of both wings more distinct than those on upperside. Forewing with R1 anastomosing with R2, Sc connected with R1+2 by a short bar. Abdomen. First abdominal segment greyish white, remaining segments yellowish brown mixed with black scales between each segment. Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia. Uncus short, with a subulate process terminally. Gnathos with median process vestigial. Valva deeply bifurcate; dorsal arm bearing long setae, basal half slightly protruding outwards, rounded apically; ventral arm tapered, curved and spine-like apically. Saccus triangular, about one and a half times length of uncus. Juxta short, oval. Aedeagus sclerotized at posterior half, rod-like on one side, almost semicircular and forming a triangular process on the other side; vesica with one long spine-like cornutus, about one-third length of aedeagus. Female genitalia. Lamella postvaginalis small and elliptical. Ductus bursae with an antrum, weakly sclerotized and striate longitudinally, slightly shorter than length of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae oval; signum small and rounded, with 10 short marginal spines, without central teeth. Seventh sternite weakly sclerotized and shallowly concave posteriorly. Diagnosis. On the basis of external morphology, this species is very similar to C. subgravata, but the black dot on the forewing costa formed by the medial line is larger and more distinct and the discal spot of the hind wing is larger and more rounded. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the saccus is longer, about one and a half times the uncus in length, while it is shorter and equal to the length of the uncus in C. subgravata; the posterior half of the aedeagus is semicircular and forms a triangular process on one side, but in C. subgravata, it only has a small spine-like process; the cornutus is much longer than that of C. subgravata. The female genitalia of the species are similar to those of C. dentata, but can be separated by the longer and weakly sclerotized ductus bursae and the smaller signum. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 12.V.1957, coll. Wang Zongyuan. Paratypes: Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♂, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 400 m, 15.V.1999, coll. Yuan Decheng. Sichuan (IZCAS): 25♂6♀, same locality as holotype, 16.IV–25.VII.1957, 15–20.IX.1957, coll. Huang Keren et al. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Sichuan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin adjective trigonus (triangular) and the noun processus (a projection), and refer to the terminal process of the aedeagus.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Dr. Dieter Stüning (ZFMK), for his constant help on our work. We express our sincere thanks to Anthony Galsworthy, and the Trustees and staff of the Natural History Museum, London for preparation of the data of BMNH material and allowing examination of material under their curation. We are grateful to all collectors whose contributions made our work possible. We appreciate the work of Ms. Yang Chao in preparing some specimens and photographs. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 31172127, 31372176, KSCX2-EW-Z-8), the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research

88 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. (NSFC-J1210002) and a grant from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. O529YX5105).

References

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90 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 1–28. Adults. 1–5. Luxiaria mitorrhaphes. 1, male (with a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 2, ditto, underside; 3, male (without a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 4, female (Fujian); 5, ditto, underside; 6–9. L. acutaria. 6, male (Tibet); 7, ditto, underside; 8, female (Tibet); 9, ditto, underside; 10–13. L. amasa. 10, male (Tibet); 11, ditto, underside; 12, female (Yunnan); 13, ditto, underside; 14–20. L. emphatica. 14, male (holotype, India, BMNH); 15, male (syntype of Luxiaria versiformis, Peninsular Malaysia, BMNH); 16, male (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, Taiwan, BMNH); 17, male (Guangxi); 18, ditto, underside; 19, female (Hainan); 20, ditto, underside; 21–24. L. tephrosaria. 21, male (Yunnan); 22, ditto, underside; 23, female (Yunnan); 24, ditto, underside; 25–28. L. phyllosaria. 25, male (Guangxi); 26, ditto, underside; 27, female (Hainan); 28, ditto, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 91 FIGURES 29–47. Adults. 29–30. Calletaera obliquata. 29, male (Yunnan); 30, ditto, underside; 31–32. C. obvia sp. nov. 31, male (holotype, Hunan); 32, ditto, underside; 33–34. C. acuticornuta sp. nov. 33, male (holotype, Hainan); 34, ditto, underside; 35–36. C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. 35, male (holotype, Guangxi); 36, ditto, underside; 37–38. C. consimilaria. 37, male (Sichuan); 38, ditto, underside; 39–41. C. subexpressa. 39, male (syntype of Calletaera digrammata, Lienping, ZFMK); 40, male (Fujian); 41, ditto, underside; 42. C. basipuncta, male (syntype, Taiwan, BMNH); 43. C. postvittata, male (Sumatra, BMNH); 44–45. C. dentata sp. nov. 44, male (holotype, Hainan); 45, ditto, underside; 46–47. C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. 46, male (holotype, Sichuan); 47, ditto, underside.

92 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 48–53. Male genitalia. 48, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 49, L. acutaria; 50, L. amasa; 51, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 52, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 53, L. emphatica. Scale bar = 1 mm.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 93 FIGURES 54–59. Male genitalia. 54, Luxiaria tephrosaria; 55, L. phyllosaria; 56, Calletaera obliquata; 57, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 58, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 59, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

94 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 60–64. Male genitalia. 60, Calletaera consimilaria; 61, C. subexpressa; 62, C. postvittata (BMNH); 63, C. dentata sp. nov. (holotype); 64, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 95 FIGURES 65–76. Aedeagus. 65, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 66, L. acutaria; 67, L. amasa; 68, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 69, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 70, L. emphatica; 71, L. tephrosaria; 72, L. phyllosaria; 73, Calletaera obliquata; 74, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 75, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 76, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

96 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 77–98. Aedeagus and sternites of of male and female abdomen. 77–81. Aedeagus. 77, Calletaera consimilaria; 78, C. subexpressa; 79, C. postvittata (BMNH); 80, C. dentata sp. nov. (holotype); 81, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bar = 1 mm. 82–84. Eighth sternite of male abdomen. 82, Luxiaria phyllosaria; 83, Calletaera obliquata; 84, C. subexpressa. 85–98. Seventh sternite of female abdomen. 85, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 86, L. acutaria; 87, L. amasa; 88, L. emphatica; 89, L. tephrosaria; 90, L. phyllosaria; 91, Calletaera obliquata; 92, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 93, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 94, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 95, C. consimilaria; 96, C. subexpressa; 97, C. dentata sp. nov. (paratype); 98, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (paratype).

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 97 FIGURES 99–106. Female genitalia. 99, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 100, L. acutaria; 101, L. amasa; 102, L. emphatica; 103, L. tephrosaria; 104, L. phyllosaria; 105, Calletaera obliquata; 106, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

98 · Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 107–113. Female genitalia. 107, Calletaera acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 108, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 109, C. consimilaria; 110, C. subexpressa; 111, C. postvittata (BMNH); 112, C. dentata sp. nov. (paratype); 113, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

A REVIEW OF LUXIARIA AND CALLETAERA Zootaxa 3856 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 99