THE Life of Leonardo Da Vinci Has Always Been Regarded As One of ’ Vasari S Most Fortunate Essays : It Certainly Stands Apart By

LEO N A RD O DA V INCI BY HER BERT I?)

“ ' ’ H O RN E : N UM B ER N I N E OF THEA RTIST s

LI B RA RY E DI T ED BY L AURE N C E B I Ng " YO N A N D PUBL I SHED A T T HE S IG N;

O F TH E UNI C O RN VII C E C IL C OURT

’ T S N O N: S T . M A R I N L A E L N D O

T H E LI F E O F LE O N A R D O DA V I N C I BY G I O RG I O VA S A RI DO N E I N TO EN G LI S H FRO M T H E TEXT O F T H E S ECO N D ED I T I O N O F T H E LI V E S W I T H A C O M M E N T A R Y B Y H E R B E R T R H O R N E A N D P UB LI S H E D A T T H E S I G N O F TH E UN I CO RN V II C EC I L C O URT LO N DO N M C M I I I EDI NB URG H : PRINTED BY MORRIS ON AND G I B B LIMITED B E R N H A RD B E R E N S O N

PREFA TORY NOTE

THE life of Leonardo da Vinci has always been regarded as one of ’ Vasari s most fortunate essays : it certainly stands apart by. itself “ has amo ng the Lives of the Painters . Why Vasari written s o admirably of Leonardo ? asked M ariette already in the earlier a a part of the eighteenth century . V s ri is ordinarily at his best when he is writing of men with whom he was personally acquainted o a o a o for was o a but he c uld never h ve seen Le n rd , he nly child in 1 1 of o a t o a . Yet not o f ur when the m ster went Fr nce, 5 5 nly does V asari draw a portrait of him such as he has given us of no o a of a ther m ster the ﬁfteenth century, but he rel tes the successive

events of his life in their proper order ; whereas the lives of the . a a n a of e rlier m sters which precede it, excepti g th t Brunelleschi ,

' a a oo o an a o a ar e o which V s ri t k fr m e rlier bi gr phy, little m re

than s o many collections of anecdotes .

o I a a t o on o In the present v lume , h ve ttempted c vey s mething ’ of a a of a a a a and t o a the liter ry ch rm V s ri s n rr tive, illustr te its “ ” an value as a piece of biography d criticism . His Lives have t o a a an a e o for in of a still be dequ tely tr sl t d . int English ; , spite ’

a . o v io as a recent ttempt, Mrs F rster s ers n , such it is, rem ins the

‘ and a o n o To o best, in sense the ly c mplete , rendering. c nvey the inimitable charm of his style is a task the difﬁculty of which can a a o who a a be ppreci ted o nly by th se h ve m de the attempt . In a a a of much, V s ri rec lls the English writers the seventeenth cen

a . no a tury ; but, unlike them , he is never merely qu int With re l a a a o o a and S o liter ry tr ining, g rrul us, ften redund nt , metimes even n a a a a t o o a o of u gr mm tic l , he ttempts write the Cicer ni n pr se his a e o a n a a a a and a a g ; yet n twithst ndi g he lw ys rem ins e sy n tur l , 7 o a of o - a a of a o a the m st eng ging st ry tellers, m ster liter ry p rtr iture, and o now a o t o a a of , th ugh it is the f shi n deny it , m ster criticism .

o I a e o t o a o In my n tes , which h ve be n f rced c st int the briefest fo on a o of a of o rm , cc unt the restricted sp ce these little v lumes , ’ a a t o a a a a a o n I h ve chieﬂy ttempted illustr te V s ri s n rr tive , c rrecti g o o o n ea has a on s o n th se err rs which m der res rch pl ced bey d discus i , o o a o o and supplying the m re imp rt nt missi ns in his story . In this way I have endeavoured t o give the teno r of all the chief docu ’ a t o o a o i a o a ments rel ting Le n rd s l fe , with the pl ces where the rigin ls may be found at length ; and also t o describe and discuss all his a and t o a a of a genuine p intings , indic te the n ture his ext nt a and o o a o o of dr awm m nuscripts, the m re imp rt nt c llecti ns his g s . For my aim has been not only t o give the general reader a s adequate an account of Leonardo and his ar t as my space might a of a o t o o o of a ia dmit , but ls furnish m re seri us students It l n f a a o o t o o o a o . p inting with brief intr ducti n . the study Le n rd o an ar e a o a o M re th this , there sever l Le n rdesque questi ns which a t o a o a has I have been ble elucid te m re fully , I believe , th n n hitherto bee done .

a o f I have t o thank my friend Mr. Bernh rd Berens n or several suggestions both in regard t o the translatio n and the notes ; and especially for calling my attention t o the allusion in Anto n ’ “ ” Francesco D oni s letter t o the B attle of the Standard .

’

H . H . P . ' T HE L I FE OF LEONARDO DA ‘ V INC I BY GIO RGIO R ON N O N RO T HE VASA I , D E I T E G L ISH F M TEXT O F T HE SE CON D E DITION O F T HE I ” O N RY B Y R R L VES , W ITH A C MME TA , HE BE T P H R . O NE .

T HE a f and at m o f a a a o ar e O gre test gi ts , ti es supern tur l rder, ften s i o of a a a s o n een n the c urse n ture , r ined by he venly influence h a a a a and a n o a um n cre tures be uty, gr ce , bility, bei g bey nd me sure U in a o a a a a an one nited single pers n, in m nner th t wh tever such t t o d o a t o s o a a all o urns , his every c i n is divine, th t, surp ssing ther m en a o as a o G od a nd , it is pl inly rec gnised thing best wed by , n o t a a was all o cquired by human r t . This seen by the w rld in ona o da n o b o a ' beau t o f o Le rd Vi ci , in wh m , besides ey nd y b dy n t o f n o was an a all ever be su ficie tly ext lled , there endless gr ce in h is a o and s o a and of s u Ch a was n s a cti ns ; gre t, kind , his ge iu , th t t o a f hlS o wh tever di ficult things he turned mind, he s lved them with cas e. a a o was o t o a In him , gre t physic l f rce j ined dexterity, spirit a nd o a o a a nd a a i o a nd a of c ur ge , ever r y l m gn n m us ; the f me his ma s o a a not o was in me incre sed , th t nly in his lifetime he held e a o n a a no a a stim ti , but fter his de th his re wn bec me still gre ter a o o a o and a was o a o m ng p sterity. Truly m rvell us celesti l Le n rd , t he s on o f o da n and a n and Ser Pier Vi ci ; in le rni g, in the e of o a a a r oficience he lements letters , he w uld h ve m de gre t p , if : h ad no t been s o variable and unstable by reaso n Of which he set h t o a a and a a o e a imself le rn m ny things , then b nd ned th m fter he h ad a o begun them . Thus, in rithmetic, during the few m nths t a a o a o a h t he studied it , he m de such pr gress, th t by c ntinu lly B 9 o and f t o a who a presenting d ubts di ficulties the m ster t ught him ,

o . a o t o he very ften perplexed him He g ve s me little study music, and o t o a t o a as o ne who was presently res lved le rn pl y the lyre , a of a o o and of a o e by n ture m st l fty spirit , full delic cy ; wheref r

an t o a o o . he s g divinely th t instrument , impr vising up n it

’ 1 2 - of i 1TLeonardo was born in 45 , the love child Ser P ero d Antonio di Ser Piero di S er “ ” ’ ’ o d a a of oo oo as A nom m o Gadd zano Guid di Ser Michele Vinci, by girl g d bl d, the o a a a who a a a f of Accattab ri a o rec rds , c lled C terin , fterw rds bec me the wi e g di Pier del ’ f in a h a a d a . o o o ad o nd Vacc Vinci The little t wn Vinci , which Ser Pier s f mily its rig in , L o a o a o a of o on o of o e n rd his birth , is situ ted in the l wer v lley the Arn , the sl pes M unt ’ o o o o . of L o a o a r Alban , s me twenty miles fr m Fl rence At the time e n rd s birth , his f the w m f -ﬁ ve a a i Alb i as a young an o twenty : the s me ye r he married his ﬁrst w fe, er a

a o . a of a a of o a o a as of Am d ri He c me r ce n t ries, his f rebe rs, their style implies , having followed that calling for many generations and he appears t o h ave settled early a o a of o o . In 1 6 a ﬁ o o t Fl rence, in the pr ctice his pr fessi n 4 9 his n me rst ccurs in d cu

a a o of o a r of . a and o a t o o ments s Procur t r the m n ste y the SS Annunzi ta, n t ry the Sign ria of o In o of a r o u of and no Fl rence . c urse ye rs , he eng ssed the chief b siness the city ; f h o a i other n otary o his time as left behind him s v st a number of n otarial attestat ons . was o a and a of o and t wo a o He f ur times m rried, the f ther nine s ns d ughters beg t in s on o o 0 lawful wedlo ck his youngest being b rn sh rtly before 1 5 4, the year in which Ser f - a a e o . Piero died, t the g seventy seven ’ L had a a o a 1 and o eonardo lre dy been received int his f ther s house in 457, his m ther

a o Accat tab r i a . In a a a io t o f a of a m rried t g Decl r t n the O ﬁci ls the T xes, returned in 1 6 o a a o o of a L o a o ﬁ lu ol 4 9, Ser Pier enumer tes , m ng the ther members his f mily, e n rd , g o ’ o non le i timo a w a u di detto Ser Pier , g p , d et Ser Piero as then living in ho s e in a a an on of a a o was a a the Pi zz S Firenze , the site which the P l zz G ondi fterw rds erected ' ' mi li z e m n 1 0. na R c r che e D ocu e tz s u lla b a o d a S an a o . . S co o y Giuli n G ll , c 49 [N S g g , ’ ‘ '

Gzow nez z a dz Leonar do da Vi nci a o 1 00 . 1 2 1 1 1 . , N p li, 9 , pp 3 , 3 5, 43, 44, etc ] ’ Leonardo s early education appears t o have been of the elementary kind ordina rily t o o f - - In oo o a given in the ﬁfteenth century the s ns o well t o do citizens . the sch ling f o i b o A bbaco a of a a t o a Fl rent ne y , , th t is the elements rithmetic, necess ry the c sting of ’ a o a s o o a a a a o S ta aZZ A bba w a a cc unts, pl yed imp rt nt p rt, th t the expressi n , , bec me ’ synonym for going t o school . Leonardo s manuscripts afford several indicati ons that his

o of a a was o a . For o kn wledge the higher m them tics f rmed in fter life the rest, he w uld “ ” a L In one a a h ave acqu ired as a b oy , but sm ll atin and less Greek . p ss ge in the ' ’ odzce A tla ntzco L o a o a a w s n m n f a C , e n rd expressly s ys th t he a o a o letters, me ning that w s n a and La n o he a ot re d in the Greek tin writers , or able t express himself in the o a o of a S o non io a o a o Cicer ni n pr se the Hum nists bene che per essere letter t , che lcun ’ o u o o a a a o o o a a a a io om pr sunt s gli p rr r gi nev lmente p termi bi sim re, coll lleg re essere o ” . C . A . fol. 1 1 r . sanza lettere [ , 9, ]

N h a o o on a a o evert eless , lth ugh he empl yed himself m ny v ri us a a o a i n and o n in f m tters , he never g ve ver dr w g w rki g relie ; t o n oo an o a an o h se being thi gs which t k his f cy m re th n y ther. o a i n a and b a n o Ser Pier h v g rem rked this , vi c nsidered the o o f oo one da o of his a n and l ftiness his genius , t k y s me dr wi gs , , a t o a o o who was c rrying them Andre del Verr cchi , much his a o a o friend , str itly bes ught him th t he sh uld tell him whether a n a n r ﬁ i nce o o o a an o c e . Le n rd , by studyi g dr wi g, w uld m ke y p I o Andrea was amazed t o See the extraordinary beginn ings of o a o a nd o o a o a Le n rd , exh rted Ser Pier th t he sh uld m ke him study it ; whereupo n his father arranged with Leo nardo that he o u o t o o o of a i o na o sh ld g the w rksh p Andre , wh ch Le rd did with a not ne a o f a no o rdinary willingness . And he pr ctised o br nch r t a o all o o f a i o a a a nd a n l ne , but th se which dr w ng f rmed p rt , h vi g an s o and a o and in an intellect divine m rvell us, be g excellent o an o not o i ge metrici , he w rked nly n sculpture , executing, in his o a o a o f o a ar e o f y uth , in cl y, s me he ds w men th t smiling, which a a ar e a and o a o f o c sts in pl ster still t ken, likewise s me he ds b ys which possess all the appearance of having come fro m the hand of a a a a o a a a o m ster, but in rchitecture , ls , he m de m ny dr wings b th of a as of o o o o f and was pl ns , ther pr jecti ns buildings he the ﬁrst , a o a o a o a o o f lth ugh mere y uth , th t put f rw rd the pr ject reducing the

o t o a a i a an o a t o o . river Arn n v g ble ch nel , fr m Pis Fl rence He a e for o - and a w m de d sig ns fl ur mills, fulling mills , m chines , hich might be driven by the fo rce of water ; and because he wished a a n o o o a th t p i ting sh uld be his pr fessi n , he studied much in dr wing o a and o a n o of cla which fr m n ture , ften in m ki g m dels figures in y , \ o o o n n i a and he c vered with s ft, w rn li e dipped n cl y, then set himself t o a a a on a a a n of dr w them with gre t p tience , p rticul r ki d very R o o r a and fine heims cl th , prep red linen , he executed them in a and o o f a t o a a a s o of bl ck white with the p int brush , m rvel, s me them which I have in ou r book of drawings still bear witness : w on a and s o besides which , he dre p per with such diligence , well ,

“ that no one has ever attained t o such ﬁneness of executio n ; and o f a a a a C a o o a such I h ve he d dr wn with the style in hi r scur , th t is divine .

“ T TO o a of the inﬂuence of Andrea del Verr occhio ( 143 5 g ldsmith, m ster ” o a f an ia L o a o a o perspective, sculpt r, inl yer o woods, painter d music n, e n rd l rgely wed

o . n ot of a of a a a the devel pment, if the bent, his genius, his m stery m ny rts, his univers l o and o f o a 15 not o at L o a o was a curi sity l ve o kn wledge . The d te kn wn which e n rd pl ced o 1 6 r a 6 o : a o a a a o a 1 . with Verr cchi but it c nn t well h ve been e rlier th n 4 5, l ter th n 4 9 At o 1 o o o t o a a a t or a on Fl rence , in the 5th century, b ys were c mm nly put le rn cr f , tr de, o a . L o a o was o o o In c mpleting their thirteenth ye r e n rd still w rking with Verr cchi June, ’ 1 6 . of o was In a o o 47 One the ﬁrst w rks of imp o rtance which executed Andre s w rksh p , a L o a o had f o o a art a fter e n rd entered it, was a difﬁ cult piece o c nstructi n l , n mely, the a or f a a o o of he b ll , sphere, o gilded c opper t o be placed on the l ntern b ve the d me t

a a at o a o a of . L a La C thedr l Fl rence , In cc rd nce with the design Brunelleschi uc nducci ' o Di ar r a a a on 2 th M a 1 1 and rec rds in his , th t it was drawn up into its pl ce 7 y , 47 ,

a a o wa s a a o a a of . three d ys fter, the cr ss pl ced b ve the b ll, mid the singing the Te Deum ’ In 1 2 o o o In 47 , Verr cchi ﬁnished the tomb of Giovanni and Pier de Medici, the Church of S an Lo a o o a of a now n renzo t Fl rence ; and In 1 476 he cast the b r nze st tue D vid, i the B a o for the f o o . o low a rgell , staircase o the Palazz Vecchi The f l ing ye r he executed the H “ ” of o a o of a for t he a a of a an relief the Dec ll ti n the B ptist, silver lt r the B ptister y d e. “ ” o o of and . o a i 1 478, he began the br nze gr up Christ St Th m s , which st ll stands In on e

a . v l . . 8 1 f n . a a o o . . o f the niches o Or S a Michele [V s ri , ed S ns ni , iii p 3 ’ a was o o o Of Leon rdo s life during the time he w rking under Verr cchi , few n otices ar e “ a In Lzar o Ros s o an a o oo of a a t o o ext nt. the , cc unt b k the fees p y ble the C mpagnia ” i S an L a o o of o a s d uc , the religi us s ciety the Fl rentine p inters, by its member , Leonardo In an of a 1 2 i d i Ser Piero d a Vinci is debited entry the ye r 47 , with the ord nary fees of as of a o a a not membership , which , the credit side the cc unt is left bl nk, were presum bly - z i lli Rze/zer ohe znt or no a Leonar d o d a Vznoz . 1 8 2 8 a . G . e . p id [ U , , ed 7 4, p Since it o of a o a L o a o a a ppears from the s ame v lume cc unts , th t e n rd duly p id fees t o the com t o o 1 02 o a t o pany, after his return Fl rence in 5 , it w uld be unjustifi ble argue th at the omission t o d o s o in 1 472 arose from any indifference t o the orth odox Obse r vances of a i f Lw es o . a a o In a a o o religi n V s ri, h wever, p ss ge in the first ed ti n the , which he a fter ‘‘ ' a a L o a o was o f s o a a a f wards suppressed, sserts th t e n rd heretic l c st o mind, tha t he o a a o a conformed t o no religi n wh tever, cc unting it, perch nce, much better t o be a philo ” S opher than a Christian . N or does Leonardo entirely escape s ome shadow of censure - o f a a I a o a a o . kind which, in pre Christi n t ly, w uld h ve been lightly p ssed ver In a a of 1 th a a a had at o the e rlier p rt the s century, M gistr cy been erected Fl rence , ” o as Offi ciali o o a who a a o of kn wn the di N tte e M n steri , were ch rged with the regul ti n

o a of o a and of . the m r ls the c mmunity in gener l, the religious bodies in particular On ' 8 1 6 a ta mou r az zone or and a o o a a o w th April, 47 , , secret n nym us ccus ti n , as dropped o one of o o a a for o of o o int the b xes pr vided by this M g istr cy the purp se, which the f ll wing o a o o of offi In o c py is preserved m ng the rec rds this ce , the Fl rentine Archives “ ’ ot Ifico a Voi o Ofii ciali com e a o a a o o a a a o N , Sign ri , egli ver c s , che J c p S lt relli, fr tell ’ a o a a a s t a collu i all o a o i n a a al carn le di G i v nni S lt relli r f , V ccherecci , dirimpett o buco ’ ’ a o — o d eta a 1 o a il a a o o va o a o [t mbur ] veste ner , d nni 7 circ qu le J c p dietr m lte miserie, n iacer a o l r ichie no et consente co p e quelle pers ne o g g a di simili tristizie . “ E a o o o a a o a a o o a i o e t quest m d vut f re di m lte c se , cioeservito p recch e d zzin di ’ o a ne s o o a a a : Tal a o d alcu ni : a o o o pers ne, delle qu li bu n d t p rte dir B rth l me di L a o o a o a a a . o a o o d a s a on P squin , r f , st in V ccherecci e n rd di ser Pier Vinci , t c Andrea ” o o . B accino a a o L o a o Tor nab u oni o il o del Verr cchi f rsett i , e n rd , dict Teri , veste ner . a a of o o a ff a Ag inst the n mes the f ur pers ns ccused, is a minute t o the e ect th t they were released on the condition that they might be again brought up on further evidence : i o u r et m r n r ab s olu t o t a b u e t u . a a o cum c nditi ne On the following 7th June , the ccus ti n was a at a im L o a o was o o c o and a a s repe ted ( th t t e e n rd still w rking with Verr c hi ) , g in t the four names is an other minute t o the effect that they were again released on the same ’ condition : and there Is a pass age in the Coazee A tlantzeo that seems t o point t o the fact ’ ’ a L o a o o had o . t eZ A r te Ro th t e n rd in his y uth been in pris n S or i eo a Z , ma,

11 . vol. . . 1 Ser . ii p 3 3 , a of o a- o a nor a of Neither the he ds smiling w men in terr c tt , the c sts them which were ' o o a a nor f u ttz r o t o a still s ld in Fl rence when V s ri wrote, the heads o p , a e kn wn h ve ' ’ ’ i va L a o Tr a tt t r e a P z ttnr a a o 1 8 u . G o n ao o o a l d s rvived P l m zz , in his o ae Z A te l , Mil n , 5 4,

. f a i . 11. ca . . 1 2 a a o a a o s a lib p viii p 7, s ys th t he p ssessed little he d Christ ch ld, in “ ’ ” a- o a t err c tt , by the h and of Le onardo, which was perhaps one of the teste de putti , d escribed by Vasari . ’ ma Among the evidences which we p ossess of Le onardo s studies in architecture , y be o a a of a a of and a b menti ned m nuscript Tre tise Civil Milit ry Architecture , y the Sienese a o and a a o o o 1 a of p inter, sculpt r, rchitect, Fr ncesc di Gi rg i ( 439 the m rgins which co a a o a o a f L a o o a o. nt in nn t ti ns in t"he h ndwriting e n rd This m nuscript, which is pre s a o Codzoz A r bou r nkam o 6 1 o a Lau a a at erved m ng the , N 3 , in the Bibli tec renzi n , ha o o s a . Fl rence , hithert rem ined inedited

It o a as . o a o fo r t he o t o a is pr b ble , Dr S lmi suggests , th t the pr ject reducing Arn n a a a a o o t o a was o o a L o a o a vig ble c n l, fr m Fl rence Pis , br ught f rw rd by e n rd , fter his o In 1 00 had return t o Fl rence 5 : a little before that time, designs for such a project been — L a a . E . o Le ar o 2 . given by uc F ncelli [ . S lmi, on d , p 1 7 8 In u o and and o a L o a o was devising s ch pr jects, in inventing mills ther m chines , e n rd o o had o not o a and c ncerning himself with pr blems which ccupied nly rchitects engineers, 1 2 h a o and o at o u 1 t . but . even p inters , g ldsmiths, sculpt rs Fl rence , d ring the s century “ c oo of o a and a e B u onaccor s o o io The sket h b k the g ldsmith , bronze c ster rchit ct, di Vitt r ' 1 1 a o of Lo o a o Ghiberti ( 4 5 the gr nds n renz Ghiberti, which is preserved m ng the

Ma liab echi n a . . cod . o a a o a at o g a M nuscripts , cl xvii 34, in the Bibli tec N zi n le Fl rence , a a a n f r n of a o o f cont ins m ny dr wi gs o machines a d engines v ri us kinds, besides studies paintings and sculpture . ' o 1 a o a a Il e a . C cc , the Fl rentine engineer ( 447 is especi lly menti ned by V s ri a o o who o In o of a o a of war m ng th se empl yed their industry meth ds tr cti n , in m chines , a r - o and all o a o a o t o i a and in w te w rks, in th se c uti n ry devises pr per m lit ry eng ineering a h e a of o e and a o o a i rc itectur , by me ns which , disc ncerting their en mies , cc mm d ting the r ” o a and o . a a . a o vol. . friends , they render the w rld be utiful c nvenient [V s ri , ed S ns ni, iii p- I 95 l

And e was a a a o G od th re infused in th t br in such gr ce fr m , and a power Of expressio n in such sublime accord with the in tellect and or a and s o how t o mem y th t served it, he knew well on i o a ma a o express his c cept ns by dr ughts nship , th t he vercame with

. a n and C i a o S a a wit . his rgume ts , onfuted with h s re s ns , every t lw rt And he was for ever making m odels and designs t o enable men t o o ou a w a and t o o In o t o a s rem ve m nt ins ith f cility, b re them rder p s omone t o a o and a o and a fr level n ther ; by me ns f levers , cr nes , and o how a o and screws , he sh wed gre t weights c uld be lifted a o o of t in a o and dr wn ; t gether with meth ds emp y g h rb urs , pumps for a a o low a all a dr wing up w ter fr m pl ces , which his br in never ceased from inventing and of these notio ns and labours many a n ar e t o a a oa a on a and dr wi gs be seen , sc ttered br d m g rtists , I s o e was s o o a a a oo n . o my elf h ve seen g d umber M re v r, he pr dig l of i as t o a no o f o o a o t o an t me dr w k ts c rds , c ntrived cc rding o a o o ne all t he fo o w on rder, th t fr m end rest might ll till the o s o as t o a o o f w a o and a ther, fill r und ; hich m st difficult be uti fu l one t o e a and ar e is be se n executed in st mp , in the midst ’ ’ e e a em mo n o L onar au s Vznoz A ce a za . s th se w rds , A g these design an o e t was one O o a t o d m d ls , here by which he ften dem nstr ted a n n o n who e o n o n a was m ny i ge i us citize s , th n g ver ed Fl re ce , th t he r a t o -r a t he o f S an ov a i n o n a d ac e dy ise temple Gi nni Fl re ce , n pl e S o a a t o n and teps under it , with ut d m ge the buildi g ; with such i a o o n It hat It a a o s a ou we ghty re s ns he c u selled , t ppe red p s ible ; o lth gh a o ne o f a had a o o n i e ch them , fter he dep rted , w uld rec g se , when a a one s e o of an i . l by him lf, the imp ssibility such undert k ng o a o was s o a i n co a o a a a t o Le n rd ple sing nvers ti n , th t he ttr cted a f c on of a o o o ne himself the f e ti s men . And lth ugh he p ssessed i s a no n and o a a an and m ght y thi g , w rked little , he lw ys kept serv ts o i and a a In all ; n a ea , h rses . which l tter he gr tly delighted p rticul rly o an a s o o e a o and ther im l , which he c ntr ll d with the gre test l ve I 3 patie nce and this he showed when often passing by places where o a i ou t of a i o wn a birds were s ld , t k ng them their c ges with h s h nd , and a a t o o who o “ a was a ,h ving p id th se s ld them the price th t sked , a a n o air o t o o he let them fly w y i t the , rest ring them their l st

. o a s o t o a o a wher liberty Wheref re n ture desired f v ur him , th t o a and o v ever he turned th ught , br in, mind , he sh wed such di ine o o a n t o o no o ne p wer in his w rks , th t, in bri ging them perfecti n , was a a a o a ever his equ l in re diness , viv city , excellence , b unty, be uty, and a gr ce . a ona o o o o o f It is evident th t Le rd , thr ugh the c mprehensi n ar t a an and n i an of i , beg n m y things , never ﬁ shed y them , s nce it appeared t o him that the hand was not able t o attain t o the per fect Ion of ar t In executing the things which he co nceived ; a be i a f s o and a o a seeing th t m gined di ﬁculties subtle m rvell us , th t o -b a s o they c uld never be expressed y the h nds , be they ever An d s a a . o a o o of skilful m ny were his c prices , th t, phil s phising na a n a t o a o o f tur l thi gs, he g ve himself underst nd the pr perties o i n on and o m o on of a herbs ; g g bserving the ti s the he vens , the o o f oon and o o of s u c urse the m , the g ing f rth the

’ 1[ Vasari here digresses t o speak of Leonardo s genius and character In general . A ' great number of his drawings for machines and mechanical inventions o f all kinds ar e a a o his a . o a t o a a sc ttered m ng m nuscripts Of the kn ts in st mp, which V s ri here a r . a e . r lludes , there three prints in the British Museum, which a e described by D . ' J - - l a a P tr r a v u r L 1 860 v l. . 1 2 N . . a l a ezn e G e o . 8 o P ss v nt in his , eipsic, 4, v p , 9 They o of an o a o a a and a o t o ff c nsist endless c rd, el b r tely interl ced twisted, cc rding di erent

- o a s o as t o a . On a o of ge metric l designs , ﬁll circle r undel, suspended. in the centre o C D M L O D V NC and a the ﬁrst print, is the inscripti n, A A E IA E NAR I I I ; the s me legend

a In a io a on o t wo . o has is repe ted, v r us w ys, the ther prints This inscripti n been a d o as a an a of and dduce , by s me writers , evidence th t Ac demy the Arts Sciences was formally established by Leonardo at Milan ; but there can be little dou bt that “ ” the word Accademia is here t o be understood in the sense of an academical exercise . ' a o of a a am- There is f urth print the s me kind, which is undescribed by P ssav t, in o a L i a o o a a f S an the Ambr si n ibrary at M l n . The pr pos al t r ise the B ptistery o

o a at o was o a all o a a 1 00 . Gi v nni Fl rence put f rw rd, in pr b bility, fter his return there , In 5 a o a o u now a o and This B ptistery is pr b bly the ldest b ilding rem ining in Fl rence , in o of a u a o of o o has a c urse centuries, the ccum l ti n the surr unding s il been such , th t the of a of a o 1 a level the existing p vement the church , l id d wn in the 4th century, is m ny ’ o f L o a o o o a o a inches bel w the level o the piazza in which it stands . e n rd s pr p s l t pl ce o a no o t o n u a a it Up n steps, simil r d ubt those o which the bea tiful oct gon l temple in ’ “ ” Ra a o a o at a a o a if no ph el s Sp s lizi Mil n rests , might h ve pr ved d ﬁcult, but by ’ a a o t o the f en ineer m In L o a o . In me ns insuper ble , pr blem science o g g e n rd s time

‘

o o a o o a a had o an o o one a t o a o . B l gn , Arist tile Fi r v nti m ved entire t wer fr m pl ce n ther I E o Leona r do . S lmi , , p

a n n a in o oo a s a ai H vi g bee pl ced then his b yh d , I h ve s d , at a o f o t o a a r t n a the inst nce Ser Pier , le rn with A dre del o o who was a a o n a o f o n Verr cchi , m king picture p nel St . J h a o a o a an a who was o d b ptizing Christ, Le n rd p inted ngel h l ing o a a nd a o he - was a lad s me g rments lth ugh mere , he executed it in such a way that it was much better than the ﬁgures of . Andrea ; which was the reaso n that Andrea would -never again o o o a a a o o o a t uch c l ur, disd ining th t child sh uld kn w m re th n he .

‘ ITIn his life of Verro cchio, Vasari states that this picture was painted for the Church o f o of an ou o f o o of the M nastery S Salvi , a h se the C ngregati n Vallombrosa, without

‘ o a a a o at o . the o of o a 1 808 the P rt ll Cr ce, Fl rence After suppressi n the m n stery in , the was a t o a of o a n w picture t ken the g llery the Fl rentine Ac demy, where it is o preserved ,

o. 1 . It no t a a of s a on t wo a on N 7 is in ﬁne st te pre erv ti , The kneeling ngels the left ’ of a L a o Ver r occhio s a oo o not the picture [Pl te ] were cle rly executed fr m c rt n , th ugh ‘

a . a o a o o of was a by the m ster himself The ssumpti n th t the . f rem st these ﬁgures p inted L o a o a not a o o a of by e n rd , is, perh ps , lt gether unsupp rted by the intern l evidence the ’ pictur e . His story that Verrocchio abandoned painting in consequence of Leonardo s ’ e cu m r a no s a lzs p rogress , must, however, be tak n g . Although Verrocchio executed, a s a a a a of a oo o a V s ri s ys , number c rt ns fr m which his v rious assistants painted pictures , w a a o fe p intings by his h nd have come d wn t o us .

The commissio n was given t o him for a cartoo n for a d oor a a was t o an o “ o and h nging th t be executed in Fl ders , w ven in g ld o t o t o of o a of a and Eve silk, in rder be sent the King P rtug l , Ad m s a a a o a o inning in the E rthly P r dise , wherein Le n rd drew with the h C a o o a a o of brus in hi r scur , heightened with white , me d w endless o f a o a a of in one o kinds herb ge , with s me nim ls , which , truth , c uld s a a for and t o a o not y th t , diligence truth n ture , divine wit c uld a In t heﬁ - o - o of m ke the like . it is g tree with the f re sh rtening the a and a o a of a le ves , the v ri us spects the br nches, executed with such care that the brain turns at the mere thought o f how a man could l as have su ch patience . There is also a palm tree that h the a a o of a s o a and a o r di ting cr wn the p lm , executed with gre t m rvell us a r t a o a and a o f o a o was a t o , th t nly the p tience br in Le n rd ble a om T o was not a a a t oo cc plish it . his w rk c rried f rther hence the c r n now at o n o o o f a is Fl re ce , in the illustri us h use the M gniﬁcent ’ O a a o c t o not o i o f tt vi n de Medi i , given him l ng s nce by the uncle Leo nardo;

’ ' “ ’ 1TThe A nonznzo Gaddzano also mentions this cartoon of Adamo et Eua d aquar ello. ’ d . re . a a o t o o a oo ha fe F y, p Ott vi n de Medici, wh m this c rt n d been given by the ' a w s of u ncle of Leon rdo, a descended from an elder, but less illustrio us branch the M a a a o a a was . on 2 8th Medici, th n th t fr m which the Duc l f mily descended He died y ,

. a a o o of 1 0. 1 546 The p ss ge fr m Vasari in question ccurs in the ed. 55

" ’ It - a a o da - at a was is s id th t Ser Pier Vinci , being his vill , o as a a o a a a a o f a who bes ught, f v ur, by pe s nt in ch rge his est te , ' - had a a his own a ou t - o f a ﬁ h m de buckler with h nds , g tree whic I S ' had down on fa t o a for at o he cut the rm , get it p inted him Fl rence, o a was which he very willingly did , since the c untrym n very a a and and o a a re dy in c tching birds ﬁshing, Ser Pier m de gre t use

of o . o a a him in th se pursuits Whereup n , h ving t ken this buckler t o o o o a o o was with him Fl rence, with ut telling Le n rd wh se it , Ser a a n Piero asked him t o paint s omething upon it . Leon rdo h ving o e da ta In a and s eeIn It twIs t ed a y ken this buckler his h nds , g , ill m de , and a and a t o a clumsy , str ightened it by the fire , , h ving given it o and n t hat it was a t o turner, from the r ugh clumsy thi g , c used it a oo and a and a a a o be m de sm th equ l fterw rds , h ving c vered it with es s o and a a a o wn o a t o g , h ving prep red it fter his meth d , he beg n of a a n on a o a e t o think wh t he might p i t it, th t sh uld be bl terrify all who o o o o a f as o e sh uld c me up n it, pr ducing the s me ef ect nc f o a a a o a . o o t o did the he d Medus Le n rd theref re , this end , c rried t o a oo o no one a o o r m int which entered but himself l ne, sl w o a fi eld a o a o a w rms , liz rds , crickets , sn kes, m ths , gr ssh ppers, b ts , and o of a al ou t of o f ther kinds such like nim s, the number which , a ou o o a o o a nd v ri sly put t gether, he ev lved m st h rrible terrifying a o on air a and o cre ture , which p is ed the with its bre th , turned it int fl ame ; and he represented it coming fro m o u t a d ark and j agged o o o o O oa and o r ck , belching p is n fr m its pen thr t, fire fr m its eyes , and o f o o s o a a a a sm ke r m its n stril , in str nge m nner, th t it seemed altogether a monstrous and ho rrible thing ; and such p ains did a a a o of a he t ke in executing it , th t lth ugh the smell the de d a a oo was o o was not nim ls in the r m very n is me , it perceived by Th o a o s o a was a o at o o a ar t . e Le n rd , gre t the p ssi n th he b re t w rds his o no o a for o a or his w rk which , l nger sked either by the c untrym n a ona o o a a f ther, being finished , Le rd t ld the l tter th t he might send for a a n t o for a w s . the buckler his c nvenience since , his p rt, it fi ished o o a o one o t o oo for Ser Pier theref re , h ving g ne m rning the r m it, and a o at oo o a o o t o h ving kn cked the d r, Le n rd pened it him , a t o a a and a had a r sking him w it little , fter he djusted the buckle t o o n a and t o o o t o o r the light the e sel , put the wind w , in rder l we

a co in and . o at the light , he m de him me see it Ser Pier , the a a a a a a no t ﬁrst gl nce , t ken un w res , immedi tely st rted , thinking a a was no r s aw th t th t the buckler , the ﬁgure which he there was a and a a a o a o merely p inted , , f lling b ck step , Le n rd checked “ a o for was a him , s ying, This w rk serves the turn which it m de ; a and a i a a f a t ke it then, c rry t w y, since this is the ef ect th t it was t o o t o o e intended pr duce . The thing seemed Ser Pier littl 1 6

w - paired at times t o the bank of the B artolini . He as then b y no means a rich m an a a t o a a o of u a the we lth which en bled him o bec me p tr n the Arts, m st h ve come t o a of a f him at a later peri od of his career. In the first ye rs the l st decade o the 1 5th “ o a for a o a of now fii z i century, B tticelli p inted him the f m us C lumny Apelles , in the U and if the style of the study at Windsor furnishes any clue t o the date of the lost “ ” a of m a o i o a a a was dr wing the Neptune, we y c nclude , w th t ler ble cert inty, th t it n 1 f L o a o a t o o I 00. a o s on o o o executed by e n rd fter his return Fl rence, 5 F bi , the Ant ni and a a dzlettante of da o r a on a Segni, celebr ted his y, wr te the epig ms the p inters which Vasari inserted into the first editi on of the Lives from him Vasari no doubt obtained ” o of this n otice f the Neptune Leonardo.

The fancy took him t o paint a picture in oils o f a head of a a a a a o of a o Medus , with the he d ttired with c il sn kes ; the m st strange and extravagant inventi on that could possibly be imag ined i was a o a oo t Ime It a as but s nce it w rk th t t k , rem ined unﬁnished , a a all h ppened with lmost his things . This picture is preserved a o o o of ar t a a of o o m ng the ch ice w rks in the p l ce the Duke C sim , o a of an an who a o ne a r m t gether with the he d gel , r ises in the a i r h o o a o o o o t o , whic , c ming f rw rd , is f resh rtened fr m the sh ulder d h a o an o a t o a . the elb w , wit the, ther r ises the h nd the bre st

“ TThe painting of the Head of Medusa is thus described in an inventory of the Gu ar dar oba or Wa o of o o a In a 1 : Uno a o , rdr be the Duke C sim t ken the ye r 553 qu dr ’ di legname pit t ovi u na Furia infernale di mano di Leonardo d a Vinci senz ornamento. '

C. o : La P r znza Re r a dz os z mo 1 nel P a laz z o zd della S z nor za d z Fzr enz e [ C nti g g C , g g , “ p . 1 38 ] The A nonznzo Gaddzano describes the picture as u na testa di meg era con mir ab il et r ar a ru am ent i . cd . . 1 1 1 . j j g pp di serpi [ Frey, p i N a Uffi z o . 1 1 a o has a t o The finished p inting in the , 59, which tr diti n ttempted a a a identify with the unfinished picture described by V s ri, Is a executed many ye rs ’ a L o a o a It o a as a o of . fter e n rd s de th . cann t even be reg rded c py the lo st picture The o a of an a a o t o a a was a o ther p inting ngel, which , cc rding V s ri, ls preserved in the

G u ar da r oba of o o Is not In o of 1 . W. o Duke C sim , described the invent ry 553 I Br wn , '

e o Leonar do da Vinez Lo o 1 82 8 . 2 ou t o i a in his s f , nd n , , p 49, s ght dentify it with a o o of o at o a a can p inting then In the p ssessi n Sign r Fineschi, Fl rence , but sm ll reli nce la on o be p ced such asserti ns .

a t o a at how a t o i It is thing be m rvelled th t genius , wishing g ve t he t o s o far highest relief the things which he executed , went a a o o t o o a o o f o with d rk sh d ws , in rder bt in gr unds the deepest t ne, that he sought for blacks that might produce deeper shadow a nd be darker than o ther blacks ; that by their means he might make the lights appear the brighter : and this method resulted in the s o a a no a a n aInt in s a end d rk, th t , cle r light rem ini g there , his p g h ve rather the appearance of things made t o cou nterfeit a n effect o f a a o f a ; all s was l night , th n the pure qu lity d ylight but thi the resu t o f t o a In o t o a at m and seeking give gre ter relief, rder rrive the li it o of ar t perfecti n . He took s o great a delight in beholding certain bizarre heads o f 1 8 men t he a or a nat IIr all o a o o o with be rd h ir y w rn , th t he w uld f ll w ne a a a ho da and s o o u a o th t ple sed him w le y , st red him p in ide , a a a a o as had th t fterw rds, when he c me h me, he drew him if he had f a a ar e t o o . O him present bef re him this kind , m ny he ds be s o o f o and and a a a een , b th w men men ; I h ve sever l dr wn by his a ou r oo of a t o a h nd with the pen , in b k dr wings , which I h ve alluded s o m any times ; such was the drawing o f Amerigo a o a a of an old man Vespucci , which is m st be utiful he d d ra a oa and a o f a a c a a a wn in ch rc l ; likewise th t Sc r mu ci , the c pt in f V ldam o a a o t o . o a o a the gypsies , which fterw rds bel nged M D n t ' of z o a o o f l t a C . o o o brini Are z , n n S L renz , eft him by Gi m b u llar i

o n I a r w o o f a 1TAmerig Vespucci, the av g to , h gave his name t o the C ntinent o Americ , was o o 1 1 and wa o a o a L o a o b rn in Fl rence in 45 , s , theref re, only a ye r lder th n e n rd

f. a of as an old man o a o a himsel The dr wing him must, c nsequently, h ve been d ne fter ’ L o a o t o o 1 02 e n rd s return Fl rence , In 5

a a a of o a o of M a I o a He beg n p nel picture the Ad r ti n the g , c nt in a a a a was inbg m ny be utiful things , especi lly the he ds , which in the ’ ’ hou s e o f o B enci o o o a I eru z z i and Amerig , pp site the L ggi de ,

a o a o o . which ls rem ined unﬁnished , like his ther w rks

” ora o of a of o - aint in and a IfThis Ad ti n the M gi, which nly the under p in umber terr

IV . v was now a of Uffi z i No . 1 2 2 . a III. and ert executed, is in the g llery the , 5 Pl tes ] T can ou not o on a o of a a a of here be little d bt, nly cc unt the e rly ch r cter the picture, but a o of a - ls the subject and the dimensions of the panel, that this is the alt r piece which Leonardo was commissioned by the monks of S an D on ato a Scopeto t o p aint for the h a a of t o of of o i n 1 2 oo igh lt r their church, which, up the time the siege Fl rence 5 9, st d in . o t the suburb of the city, without the Po rta Romana Acc rding o a do cument preserved i n o L o a o a a 1 80—1 : oo the Fl rentine Archives, e n rd beg n the picture in M rch, 4 he undert k t o for f flor ins and t o i - o execute it the sum o three hundred gold , finish t within twenty f ur, o r at o o In 1 8 1 a oa of oo and a o , the m st, thirty m nths . August, 4 , he received l d w d f g ts , i n payment for having painted the clock of the monastery of S an D onato a Scopeto .

. a r /u t n 11 . c n o S lo ta lza o . 1 . v l. . ( G Mil nesi , A ca l n , 1 872, Ser o xvi p of f r a - a a u A number drawings o this alt r piece have been preserved. An dmir ble st dy and for o o o o o G alichon o o now pen ink, the wh le c mp siti n, nce in the C llecti n, is in the ’ Lo . R o I E M n z r o Vz noz L o 1 8 8 v l. i . . uvre [ epr duced n . ii t s Leona d da , ond n, 9 , o p A o fo r o Uﬂi z i n ther ﬁne study the h orsemen and buildings in the backgr und , is in the ,

a 6 o . 6 a ar e a o and o a o o Fr me 9 , N 43 [Pl te Other studies in the V lt n B nn t c llecti ns, a t Paris . “ W o of o f a a a o a o of ith this n tice the Ad ration o the M gi, V s ri c ncludes his cc unt ’ o of L o a o a a o o the ﬁrst peri d e n rd s c reer, which ends with his dep rture fr m Fl rence , 8 2 f e. 1 o t o of Lo o o o a at a . In o o o 4 , in rder enter the service d vic Sf rz , Mil n this p rti n ’ a a at a t wo a his n rr tive, Vasari ascribes t o Leonardo s earliest years , le st works, n mely, ” t he for o o n and a of o Neptune executed Ant ni Seg i, the he d Amerig Vespucci, which a u a o o 1 00 a a at a must h ve been exec ted fter his return t Fl rence, in 5 V s ri , the s me ’ t o t o o a n L a o of a ime, mits n tice more th n o e work of eonardo s e rly peri d, which uthentic n o a tices h ve been brought t o light.

o a z i a N . a and of a Am ng the dr wings In the Ufﬁ , Fr me 97, o is study In pen ink I 9 ” a a : a a a a a a 2 da os t o 1 a l ndsc pe, inscribed Di di s nct M ri dell Neve, ddi g g , 473 [Pl te a a ha This is the e rliest d ted study by his hand which s come down t o us . L o a o as a was o o u 1 6 in e n rd , we h ve seen , still w rking with Verr cchi o in J ne , 47 ; but o of o o a at a a for as ' an the c urse the f ll wing ye r, the l test, he must h ve set up himself “ - a . a a 1 8 o t o a the independent m ster On I st J nu ry, 477 , he received the commissi n p int a a - for a of S an a o a a o o a o had lt r piece the Ch pel Bern rd , in the P l zz Vecchi , w rk which t o o Pollaiuoli a o nd h o a been given Pietr , eight d ys bef re, a which ad pr b bly been declined

a a . 1 6 a 1 8 L a ﬂor ins on a o t by th t m ster On the th M rch , 47 , eon rdo received 2 5 gold cc un ' ’ ‘ ’

f o . o G a r o zw o tor ze ta lza no 1 . l. . . A iz o I 8 2 111. vo the w rk [ . Mil nesi, S , 7 , Ser xvi p of fﬁ i a A sheet studies by Leon ardo, preserved in t he G allery of the U z , Fr me 97, ’ No. 6 a a 44 , containing a head of an old m an and a slighter sketch of a young m n s he d, bears the following memorandum in his hand bre 1 478 inchominciaj le 2 ” a : a m o of n Vergini M rie th t is , between the nths September a d December (the ﬁrst ” a of a a 1 8 L a o of the . p rt the d te being cut way) , 47 , eon rd began t wo pictures Virgin ar e a a L t o There several e rly dr wings by eon ardo, which m ay well have been intended

as for . In Ufﬁ z i a o . 2 1 a serve studies these pictures the , Fr me 93 , N 4 , is design in pen “ and a for a o o o of at a - who a w sh c mp siti n the Virgin , h lf length , with the Child, is pl ying

a cat . a of a o Ufﬁ z i a o. a o with On the m rgins n ther sheet in the , Fr me 95, N 435, c py

o f o o o a L o a r o r a c m os it Ion . s me l st rigin l by e n rdo, a e a series f studies fo the s me o p

ar e In Ro a L a at W o and . Others the y l ibr ry inds r, in the British Museum ’ 2 8th 1 a o a who had a o On the December, 479, Bern rd B ndini , assassin ted Giulian de a o a was at on f of B ar ello or Medici , in the P zzi c nspir cy, hanged e o the windows the g , ’ ' ofﬁcial residence of the Capzta no dz which at that time adj oined the Palazzo ’ f o o on o a Via o . m a a o Vecchi , the side t w rds the de G ndi On the isc rri ge the pl t, ’ a o t o o a o at of Lo o was Iven Bern rd ﬂed C nst ntin ple, but, the request renz de Medici , he g t o o m an a o up the Fl rentines by the Grand Turk . As the wretched hung d ngling fr m o of a a L o a o a a of o the wind w the p l ce, e n rd m de a dr wing in pen and ink him, n ting the of o o of on a . a now a a o on c l urs his dress the m rgin This dr wing is t P ris , in the c llecti ’ ’ ‘ . Leo o a R / a do da Vinci . o . R zzer a Wor ks o eon r . L r L M n B nn t [ epr duced in J P ichter s j f ,

v l. . o i . pl lxii . No . ’ Two o o of a o a on a o of ther w rks Leon rd s e rly peri od must be mentioned here, cc unt o a on a o their imp rt nce : e is the he d of a kn ight in silver p int, a highly finished V r o hie u m e r cc s e a a o o o N . q dr wing, in the M lc lm C llecti n , o 3 4, in the British Museu a V IL o a f Ro a a t e [Pl te ] ; the ther, in the G llery o the Vatican , at me, is sm ll pic ur ” o r a of . o of a o and a o o p nel St Jer me, the s me peri d, in the s me unfinished c nditi n , “ ” - ~ as o a o of a , Uffi z i ai nt In and a the Ad r ti n the _ M gi in the the under p g in umber terr

a a III. vert h ving alone been completed . [Pl te V ]

20 IT a at G io van a a z o o f a , D , a h ppened th G le z uke Mil n being de d,

‘ ' ‘ a nd Lodov ico o a a e t o a a in t he a 1 Sf rz r is d the s me r nk, ye r 494 , ‘ n r d was bI II h Milan n Leo a o O t t o I a t. to t e who g gre t credi h Duke, mII ch-d o f O a elig hted in the s und o the lyre , in rder th t he might a and ' o a o oo a t pl y it Le n rd t k wi th him th t ins rument, which he

‘ ha a w o wn a a a . of and d m de ith his h nds , in gre t p rt silver, in the ’ o Of a o s s a a and t o f rm h rse kull ( thing biz rre new) , the a e_ nd th t t he harmony might be o f greater volume and sonority o f t one ; whereby he surpassed all the musicians that had assembled there

' t o a . o o was o o pl y M re ver, _ he the best impr viser in verse f his

’ a a o t ime . The Duke he ring the m rvell us discourse of Leo nardo , a e s o a o o f a was a bec m en m ured his genius , th t it thing incredible a nd a t a an a a - Iece o a N his request, he p inted lt r p c nt ining a ativity , ‘ was u o which sent by the D ke t the Emperor .

‘ II a a o all o was o a V s ri, bey nd q uesti n , in err r when he st ted that Leonardo went t o ’ ’ ' “ 1 n Milan in 494 . The A no zmo Gadd za no states that Leonardo was sent in his thirtieth ” ’ a a 1 8 2 t o of a Lo o Il M i a n ﬁ . co cd . ye r, th t is , in 4 , the Duke Mil n by renz de Medici, g [

. a o as o t o o a . a Frey, p Such indic ti ns we p ssess , serve c nﬁrm this st tement Ag in , It is ’ d f t t o a a a a L o a o was a t o a i ﬁcul believe V s ri s st tement, th t e n rd c lled Mil n, by reas on of h is i in a on a e had o -in a sk ll pl ying lyr , which he c nstructed imit tion of the instruments

o f the ancients . There can be little doubt that he ﬁrst attracted the n otice of Lodovico o a a Il o o and of o G iovan a a o a Sf rz , c lled M r , the uncle regent the y ung duke, G le zz M ria, a s a o a a of a a of a sculpt r c p ble executing the equestri n st tue the Duke Fr ncesco . ’ ’ In the CodzeeA lla nt zeo is preserved the follo wing draft of a letter addressed t o Lodo co Il o o L o a o o his as a i a a and vi , M r , in which e n rd ffers services, m lit ry rchitect engineer,

.and o at a a t o a a a a sets f rth length wh t he is ble chieve in th t c p city . The letter was

a a . a L o a had a a and a pp rently written fter e n rdo rrived in Mil n , cert inly after the proposal h ad f I , a o o e u es t r an a been discussed , th t the executi n the q st tue of Francesco Sforza '

s hould be entrusted t o him . '

a , m os t illu s t r Iou s Lo now u f and o a of H ving rd, s ficiently seen c nsidered the ess ys . a ll o who o a a and o of a n th se pr cl im themselves m sters invent rs w rlike instruments, a d ' ’ t a o of o as a o a o difler s in n ot hi h t the inventi n _ th se instruments, reg rds their per ti n , ng ' f o o e o o I a o o a fr Om m r of o r m th s in c mm n use, will ttempt, with ut der g ting the e its thers , 2 1 o oo o E a o t o ou an t make myself by y ur xcellency, l ying pen my secrets y , d ‘ underst d offer In t o ou at o a as o a o a o afterwards g them y , y ur ple sure , cc si ns dmit, t put them ’ . l o o er at Ion as as all o for a f eflect Ive y Int p , well th se things, which the s ke o brevity shall

be in part only set forth here below. I a o of and o and o s o as o 1 . h ve f rms very light str ng bridges , c ntrived t be tran s d with a a a i a can and on o por t e gre t e se, th t, wh le c rrying them, the enemy bepursued, , ccasion nd and a and ﬂed and others secure a indestructible by ﬁre b ttle, easy and convenient t o nd o o of and o o of remove a set up t gether with meth ds burning destr ying th se the enemy . “ 2 . I o of a o how t o a off a o o kn w, during the siege t wn , dr w the w ter fr m the f sses , a a a an and make endless bridges, b ttering r ms, scaling l dders, d other instruments

pertaining t o such expeditions . o o If a o of heI lIt of a a o r on account of the 3 . M re ver, by re s n the g the r mp rts, f strength r a o it o not o of a o of the place o situ ti n , sh uld be p ssible, during the siege t wn , t o make of o a I a o of o o or o o o use b mb rds, h ve m des destr ying every f rtress ther str ngh ld, even if

it should be built upon rock . “ a o o of o a o and a t o o 4 . I have ls f rms b mb rds, very c nvenient e sy rem ve and with o o of a o a o these I am able t o hurl f rth [sh wers ] sm ll st nes , lm st in the semblance of a o of t o o o t tempest and with the sm ke it strike terr r int the enemy, o their heavy damage

and confusion . o o I a o of for mm and and o o a 5 . M re ver, h ve meth ds g mines, secret t rtu us w ys , o t o a a o a o with out any n oise , in rder re ch given [p int] , lth ugh there be need t o pass

or a . under fosses , river o o I w111 a o chan ot s and a a a 6. M re ver, m ke c vered , secure un tt ck ble, which , entering a o a no of -at -a s o a m ng the with their rtillery, there is multitude men rms gre t, -enemy WIll not a and b ehInd a a o o that they bre k them these, inf ntry will be ble t f llow wholly

and o an a . unharmed, with ut y hindr nce o o as m a a I a o a and o a and ﬁ l - 7. M re ver, need y rise, will m ke b mb rds m rt rs e d pieces d o o o an u t of o . of mo st beautiful and useful f rms, the c mm n use “ W o of o a o a I o a a m a 8 . here the empl yment b mb rds sh uld f il , will c ntrive c t pults, n ' ls t r aooeeizz and o a of a o fﬁ a and as ar e not I g one , , ther m chines, m rvell us e c cy, such n a o t o a of a I o use and in brief, cc rding the v riety the circumst nces , will c ntrive vari ous ff and and endless means of o ence defence . “ o o a t o at s ea I a o 9. And when [the enc unter] sh uld h ppen be , h ve f rms of many for off and nd r machines admirably adapted ence defence, a ships that a e able t o resist

‘

l a b omb ar ds and o and . the attack of al the l rgest , p wder fumes In of a I a I can a a o al 1 0 . time pe ce, believe th t very well give s tisf cti n , in riv ry with n o o and a and a a y ther, in designing b th public priv te buildings, in bringing w ter from

one place t o another. “ ‘ I of a o or M oreover, will execute in sculpture , whether m rble , br nze, clay, and a a ma o and a an o in p inting, wh tever y be d ne , in riv lry with y ther, be he whom

"l ma . ike ewisye “ o I a a t o o of o o o o w Als , sh ll be ble put the w rk the [br nze] h rse int executi n ; hich o o a o and r a o o of o a f a will be t the imm rt l gl ry ete n l h n ur the prince y ur f ther, o h ppy

and of o o of o a . an one of a o a memory, the illustri us h use Sf rz And if y the b ve n med n one t o o i and not t o o I am things seem t o a y be imp ss ble, be d ne, prepared t o make o a or a a ma a o E a trial of it in y ur p rk, in wh tever pl ce y ple se y ur xcellency, t o whom ” ‘ o . R Lzfer a r s . W I commend myself with the utm st humility U P ichter, y or k of

r o vol. . . Leona d , iii p ’ ’ “ an o o a L o a a a - A nonzmo Gaddz o a . o n a a on a The ls rec rds th t e n rd p inted lt r piece p nel , o Lo of a was a o a t o who a for Lodovic , rd Mil n , which s id by th se ble judge, h ve seen it, t o be one of the most beautiful and rare works that have been seen in painting ; which ” was a o o a t o E o ed . Fr e . 1 1 2 painting sent by the s id l rd int Germ ny, the mper r [ y , p ] N o other n otice of such an altar- piece has come do wn t o us : but is it not poss Ible ’ and A nonzmo ar e a o a a t o a - that Vasari the here lluding, fr m he rs y, the alt r piece in ” Lo o as a o a o f Ro o . 1 a o the uvre, kn wn the M d nn the cks, N 599 [Pl te [ X] which, th ugh “ ” n t a a oo s o ? If o is o strictly N tivity, might l sely be described this c njecture

o of m a a . o a allowable, the hist ry the picture y thus be expl ined At s me unspecified d te , 22 ’ not o a L o a o a a a nd a a r but l ng fter e n rd s rriv l in Mil n , he a the Mil nese p inte , Ambrosio i a omm is s ion of o a de Pred s, received b from the members the C nfr ternity of the Con ce tion t o u an a a - for a of S an a o at p , exec te lt r piece their ch pel in the Church Fr ncesc , “ ” a L o a o a o a a u of La oil n Mil n ; e n rd undert king t p int pict re Our dy in , a d de Predis “ ” t o a t wo t wo a of a oil and t o a an a a p int pictures with l rg e figures ngels in , m ke lt r “ ” a r o a of o a o . o a fr me, o Anc n figures in relief, verl id with fine g ld S me time fter the ’ ' o was t wo a a s u lzcatzo or o a w rk finished , the p inters drew up pp , petiti n , ddressed t o

o ofﬁ a a of a . o a s me high ci l, perh ps the Duke Mil n This d cument is und ted, but a of a u h s a o o o minute the s me s it a recently been found in n ther Pr t col, preserved in the a o w a a a o was Mil nese Archives, fr m hich it ppe rs th t the petiti n resented between ’ 1 1 and Ras s e na d A r te a o L o 1 0 1 . 1 1 0. In 49 [ g , Mil n , ugli , 9 , p the petition o L o a o and o o a a a ai t wo in questi n, e n rd Ambr gi de Predis st te th t three ppr sers, being of o a r and a o a a o members the c nfr te nity the third m nk, h ving been pp inted, a ccording

a o a of o a a h a . t o greement, t estimate the v lue the w rk, gr ve dispute ad risen as t o the t a n a a price o be p id ; a d , amongst o ther things , they ssert th t these three appraisers “ t o a a of La oil Sa o wish estim te the s id picture Our dy executed in by the id Fl rentine, 2 a a o b e of a of 1 00 a at only 5 duc ts , lth ugh it the v lue duc ts, as appears by an a o of io and of 1 00 a a a cc unt the petit ners , this price duc ts they h ve rrived at from ” a o who a t o a of La . W cert in pers ns h ve wished buy the s id picture Our dy herefore, ‘ “ on the ground that the said members of the c onfrater nity are not expert in such ” o a t wo a a a o and a things, they petiti n th t expert ppr isers be pp inted, th t the members ‘ of o a a o t o a a the c nfr ternity, cc rding their estim te, either reimburse the s id petitioners , t f L il ” or a o a o a o . E. o a nz rele se them the s id picture Our dy executed in [ M tt , A ' ’ ' ' ér o z o P r eda e Leonar do da Vi nci A r cfzzfz/zo S tor zoo Lombar do 1 8 g , printed in the , 93,

o . . H w d an o o I o c . t a Ann xx p the suit en ed, we nly c njecture is unlikely th t confr at ernit wer e a or t o a a of 00 a the y . either ble, willing, p y the l rge sum 3 duc ts " a for a ncona and of La a a t o a dem nded the entire , the picture Our dy ppe rs h ve been t o L o a o and a a o Lo o o o o who returned e n rd , fterw rds b ught by d vic , l l M r , presented “ t o he E o a a o of a a it t mper r M aximili n , prob bly ab ut the time his m rri ge with Bianca

a a o a of Lo o o 1 . an a io M ri Sf rz , the sister d vic , in December, 493 At e rly per d, it passed , into the French Royal collection : there is a tradition that it was in the possession of a o Dan 1 6 2 a o Fr ncis but it is ﬁrst menti ned by Pere , in 4 , m ng the pictures at ' ’ e a Ro r édz e e o a a . . En er au d Inventazr e des Tabl anx d n 1 0 et 1 1 0 F nt ineble u [F g , y lg 7 9 7 , / ar N icolas B ail a 1 8 . p y , P ris , 99, p ’ In o t o of L o a o a ncona o i rder ﬁll the place e n rd s picture in the , Ambr g o de Predis ’ a a t o a u o L o a o ar oo and ppe rs h ve undertaken t o exec te, fr m e n rd s c t n, probably with his vi he t w a u o a a of o a . and t o s per si n, replic the rigin l This, side p nels , were still in the of S an a 1 1 a o 1 a a was Church Fr ncesco in 75 : b ut 777, the centr l p nel brought t o

E a and all a ar e n ow a o a a Nos . 1 0 1 66 1 and ngl nd ; three p nels in the N ti n l G llery, 93 , , 6 1 6 2 .

a o a for a of a o He ls executed in Mil n , the Fri rs S int D minic , at a a a a a a a a o a and S nt M ri delle Gr zie , L st , m st be utiful S_ upper marvellous work ; and t o the heads of the apostles he gave such a and a a t a o f n n m jesty be uty , th t he lef the he d Christ u ﬁ ished , thinking that he was not able t o give it that divine air which is f r a a n oo o of . o l ked in the im ge Christ This w rk , rem ini g thus a o n has a a an a lm st ﬁ ished , lw ys been held by the Mil ese in v st n a o and o a as a o a o ve er ti n , by ther str ngers well ; seeing th t Le n rd s o i a and as t o a a o m gined executed it , express th t pprehensi n which po ssessed the apo stles in wishing t o know who should betray their

a . o all a ar e o a an o r M ster Wheref re in their f ces seen l ve, fe r, ger, 2 3 at not a e t o a a of s : grief, being bl underst nd the, me nin Chri t ' g * “ o not . a o o a S I ht of which thing d es r use less w nder, th n the g it in

‘ n d a o f a a o a a an . o e co ntr st with the bsti cy, h tred , tre chery J ud s M r o a a o f o o an c ver, every le st p rt the w rk sh ws in redible diligence ; n a - o of a 15 Im It at ed since eve in the t ble cl th , the texture the f bric in

' “ such a man ner that linen itself could not appear more real . ai a o of a a o a o a mo It is s d th t the Pri r th t pl ce urged Le n rd , in st a wa t o o a t o importun te y, ﬁnish the w rk ; it seeming str nge him a a o om a a a da at a t ime los t th t the p inter sh uld s etimes st nd h lf y , in thought : and he would have had him g o o n with his work as if he

di In In a a o o . were g g g g rden , with ut ever st pping his brush And

‘ not o o a of t o and s o this c ntenting him , he c mpl ined it the Duke , o a was o a t o e for o a o and bes ught him , th t he c nstr ined s nd Le n rd , o t o ﬁ o o a adr itly urged him nish the w rk, sh wing nevertheless th t he f o f n a o o o o . a did all o L o o, l this cc unt the imp rtunity the Pri r e n rd o o f a t o a and dis cer nIn kn wing the intellect th t Prince be cute g , a t o o at a o a t a beg n disc urse l rge with the Duke up n this m t er, thing which he had never done with the Prio r ; and arguing with him a o art a a how of o much b ut , m de him underst nd men l fty genius o o wo t he a so metimes pr duce the m st, when they rk le st ; seeking

' u o and o o a o t inventi ns with the mind , f rming th se perfect ide s , which the hands afterwards express and portray from the images already co nceived in the brain . And he added that there were still t wo a for t o a : a o f was wanting he ds him p int th t Christ, which he not willing t o seek on earth ; and he could not think that it was t o o t he a a o a a a nd a po ssible c nceive in im gin ti n, th t be uty celesti l

t [ G od a a a o o o t o . N Was gr ce which ught bel ng inc rn te ext, there a for t o a a of a t o a o had w nting him p int th t J ud s , which he ls given o not i a was o t o a n a a th ught, bel eving th t it p ssible im gi e f ce which o a o f who a s o m an should express the c unten nce him , fter y benefits had a s o as t o o o a a o f received , mind cruel , res lve up n the betr y l nd a o f o his Lord a the Cre t r o the world . Wheref re he wo uld seek ou t a head for the latter ; but if in the end he did not fi nd a o not a a of o na and a on better, he sh uld w nt th t the imp rtu te unre s o t a nd a o . o a ble Pri r This thing m ved the Duke mightily l ughter, a had a o a a o o n s o he said th t he th us nd re s ns his side . And the oo o on o oo t o oo a o o f p r Pri r, in c fusi n, bet k himself l k fter the w rk t he a and ona o a o who n o n a g rden , left Le rd l ne , fi ished ly the he d o f J udas which seems the very presentment of treachery and m : a of a s a nhu ma t e a a . i y th t Christ rem ining unfinish d, I h ve s id r o a o a a a as th a of . a a n est red, th t nly in few p ss ges, such e he ds St M tthew, Th ddeus , a d ’ . o can an a of L o a o a . o a of St Sim n , y tr ce e n rd s h nd be detected H wever, number ea o a o o t o of o o a one a o rly c pies h ve c me d wn us, which the m st imp rt nt is the by M rc d a O ionno In o a a of Ro a a . g g , the Dipl m G llery the y l Ac demy The story of Leonardo and the Pri or occurs in its o riginal form (though with con ’ s ider able a a o o a a 5 o In one Of o of io a a a v ri ti n fr m V s ri versi n) , the Disc urses G v nni B ttist

G ir aldi who a o as o a . o to Gir aldi L o a o , rel tes the st ry t ld him by his f ther Acc rding , e n rd ” a a of La u o of a of h ving finished the p inting the st S pper, with the excepti n the he d f a o o a t o had a or o a a a . J ud s, the Pri r c mpl ined the Duke , he left it in this st te m re th n ye r Leonardo replied that for m ore than a year he had gone every m orning and evening o o o all o o of o o int the B rghett , where the w rst s rt pe ple lived, yet he c uld never find “ a a uf t o for a of a a he d s ficiently evil serve the im ge Jud s ; but, he dded, if perchance I a no on I o f o wh n w sh ll t find e, will put there the head this Father Pri r, o is o s o ” D or s i dz M . iova n o o t o o . is c G nioattzs ta tr ubles me me, which will bec me him mightily [ ’ Gi r aldi intor no a "oom or r e do i Roma z i de e omedie e delle Tr a edie e di a l r n ll C t e , p , , g , manier e di P oes ie Vine ia 1 . , g , 554, p far a i a o a o of Of gre ter interest is the p cture which M tte B ndello, Bish p Agen , “ has a ovelle of L o on La L o dr wn in his N , eonard at work the st Supper. e n “ a o o o o a was rd , he relates in the Pr l gue t o the 58th novel f the First P rt, often u sed (and I myself h ave more than once seen and observed him) t o g o e arly “ ” i n o and o affo f La the m rning m unt the sc lding, or the st Supper is s omewhat ai a o o — he was I s a o t o t o la r sed b ve the gr und used, y , fr m sunrise dusk, never y ou t of a o o of o nd t o a the pencil his h nd ; but, blivi us b th eating a drinking, p int without

a . a o a t wo or o a o o ce sing After th t, he w uld rem in , three, f ur d ys , with ut t uching it ; et a a a o for one r t wo o and o o y he lw ys st yed there, s metimes o h urs , nly c ntemplated, ” co and as a had nsidered, criticised, he ex mined with himself, the ﬁgures he made . a o o on t o a a a a a a a who was a B ndell then g es rel te, th t cert in Germ n c rdin l st ying in t he o a a one da t o o L o a and m n stery, c me y o the refect ry t visit e n rdo, view the

a on was a . In o of o a o a p inting which he eng ged the c urse their c nvers ti n , the c rdinal “ a a a a a t o L o a o 2 sked the p inter wh t s l ry he received ; which e n rd replied, 000 d a and o a a uc ts, besides the gifts presents which the Duke c nst ntly m de him, in ” t he o a a o . t o a a a o a a . m st liber l f shi n This seemed the prel te, dds B ndell , gre t sum a a had t o own oo L o a o a t o his o o After the c rdin l retired his r m, e n rd rel ted f ll wers, the o of o L o a a o o st ry Filipp ippi , the Fl rentine p inter, m ng the Turks, which f rms the u of 8th o o t o o ar t of a s bject the 5 n vel , in rder sh w the esteem in which the p inting ' had a a . La P r zfna P a r te de le N anette del B andello L a 1 lw ys been held [ , ucc , 554,

P~ 363

was o u o o o t o While he cc pied with this w rk, he pr p sed the t o a a o i o of an ao i a a Duke m ke h rse n br nze , extr rd n ry gre tness , i n o t o a o It as a o a a o f u . rder pl ce up n , mem ri l , the im ge the D ke A nd o n s o a a a a a nd n o a i l rge sc le , he beg n we t f rw rd w th it, t a was n a t o t o on ' h t he ever ble bring it o c mpleti . And there a r e those who have held the o pinion (si nce the judgments of ar e a o and o a o u t of n a o a o men v ri us , ften m lign e vy) , th t Le n rd , a s a o f o o a and not in the c se his ther w rks , beg n it did finish it, a of s o a a o e an in th t, being gre t size , he enc unt red incredible d ifficulty In the attempt t o cast it in a single piece ; and one would a o a t o a for a on a m a a o ls be ble think th t , this re s , m ny y h ve f rmed a a o not a of o a a such judgment, lth ugh few his w rks h ve rem ined n n B in m a a . u t one a and o u fi ished , truth , y believe th t his v st m st 2 6 excellent mind was hindered in being t oo full of desire and that

‘ e t o o u t n o c and er fec the wish ver seek excelle ce up n excellen e, p “ ’ was a o f t o o o , : Tal o a o i n, up n perfecti n the c use it che l per f sse ” i a a a dal o as o u r o a has ai . r t rd t desi , p et Petr rch s d And in truth ,

“ o who s aw a o a o a o a of a th se the gre t m del th t Le n rd m de cl y, d a a a ne n a o a or o ecl re th t they h ve ver see m re be utiful , m re superb, work : and this rem ained Up till the time that the Fre nch came M a o of a and o a l t o il n with King L uis Fr nce, br ke it l In p i eces ' a nd t hey also destroyed a little model In wax that was held t o be

o a oo of . a a o of o p erfect , t gether with b k the n t my the h rse which f he had m ade by way o study.

1 S o far from the roject of the Bronze e uestrian statue having been prop osed by p q ' “ L o a o t Im e a was a on a of La er e n rd , during the th t he eng ged the p inting the st Supp , a a was not a on a o a s Vasari st tes, the p inting t ken h nd until s me twelve years after

Leonardo had begun the statue . S c a 1 7 u a a o a a o a had had o t o in e the ye r 4 3, the D ke G le zz M ri Sf rz the"intenti n erect lo a a a of o i t o o of h is a e h a co ss l equestri n st tue br nze, g lt, the mem ry f th r, t e Du k e n a of a a o a wa e o . o a s o r Franc sc This intention the p rt G le zz M ri , h weve , interrupted by the

d a 1 6 . a a f an r o c. 1 82 events o the time, by his de th in 47 At l ter pe i d, 4 , the project was Lo o o M om and a gain taken up by the regent, d vic , ll ; there appears t o have been a wh s u b r t ed des I n f r c ompetition of sculptors o mt g s o the work . Vasari relates that he p ossessed t wo drawings by Ant om o PollaIu oli for the statue : one of these is now .

Roo at M u nIch. preserved in the Print m, “ a d a a o a a o o of o of L S abb C stigli ne st tes th t ver the m del the h rse Milan , eonardo ” Ricor di ver o A mm consumed sixteen consecutive years . [ o aes tr a rnenti di M ons ig nor

in ia 1 fol. 1 e a s t li one V e t r o. a w S aba da C ig , g , 554, 5 g ] As the undert king as ﬁnally a of Lo o o o o 1 a interrupted by the f ll d vic , ll M r , in 499, it must h ve been begun , according

a 1 8 . 2 2 nd u 1 8 o Al a a t o this st tement, in 4 3 On J ly, 4 9, Pietr m nni, the Florentine am “ r at a o t o Lo o Il M a niﬁco b as s ado Mil n , wr te renz de Medici , g , that the Signo r Lo dovico a a a o and has a a o d esires t o erect t o his f ther gre t m nument, lre dy rdered that Leonardo o o am a a o of o n d a Vinci sh uld execute the m del, n ely, gre t h rse br nze, o which is the E Duke Francesco armed . And since his xcellency would wish t o make a work of more t a o a o has a I o t o ou on a h n rdin ry perfecti n, he requested th t sh uld write y his beh lf, t hat you m ay send him a master capable of su ch a work ; and though he has entrusted d a it o not t o a t his work t o Leonardo Vinci , d es seem me th t he is greatly persuaded that ' ” on - . nr c der K . P eu s a ow how t o a li r s . K nns ts ammlu n en 1 8 t his m ster kn s execute it [j g , 97,

xviiié . v ol. p ‘ I a an o o e Lo o This letter, think, le ves it pen questi n , wheth r d vico desired a

“ a a or a o - a t o t e m sculptor t o begin the st tue fresh , merely br nze c ster, execute h odel

a . o a m a w hich Leo nardo had m de On the ther h nd, it y be argued both fr om this letter a n o a L o a o has o was a a d other indicati ns, th t e n rd finished the m del, but lre dy confronted “ ’ - i with the difficulty of casting it . The A n on mo Gaddi ano says that Le onardo was “ ” to a one was a t o o : cd . . 1 resolved c st it in piece , which decl red be imp ssible [ Frey, p ’ of Michelan iolo s a a l And the sting g bitter gibe , rel ted by the s me writer, ay in the had o w s a t L o a o a o a L . . 1 r e that a . c pr oach , fter e n rd finished the m del , he un ble c st it [ , p

a a t o o a was a o o . It o a a His c p city m del the st tue never c lled int questi n is pr b ble th t, ’ f a a f in is . att m t t o a o a o o Leo a o ailing h e p c st the first m del b ut the time Al m nni s letter, n rd began a second one with a view t o facilitate the casting for in one of his n ote b ooks at a 2 r d d a of 1 0 I a oo and a a a P ris , is the entry On the 3 y April, 49 , beg n this b k, beg n g in ” ’ “ ” l Ins titu t a . C . r ecto o cover o o . o e u o the h rse [Bibli th q e de , P ris, MS , f ] Am ng the sh ws f a a a a a o E exhibited in honour o the m rriage of Bi nc M ri Sf rza with the mperor M aximilian , ’ “ ” i n o 1 was L o a o fi o of o . a/t r aw l; der N vember, 493, e n rd s nished m del the h rse [f 27 ml e . u K n ts a nz nn n 1 8 vol. . o a a o of ne P n . t K . r e s s ns g , 97, xviii p Fr m the p ss ge B a o a a a a a was o on at was dell , lre dy cited, it ppe rs th t he still w rking it, the time he ” — La c. 1 8 . finishing the st Supper, 497 ’ o was 1 0 1 E o d Es t e e The m del still in existence in September, 5 , when rc le begg d it m ’ f R f r a a a a . . Ca or i u aw of the C ardinal o ouen , o statue t o be erected t Ferr r [G p , N

menti er la v it a di Leonar do da Vi nci o a 1 86 . D ocu ﬁ , M den , 5, p “ S abba d a C astiglione menti ons among the works of Leonardo the model of the ” “ a o a o o a and horse of Mil n , where n , he dds, he c nsumed sixteen c nsecutive ye rs ; of o was h o a o ha o e assuredly the dignity the w rk such , t at he cann t be s id t ve l st his tim nd o a and a of a o who o a a labour ; but the ign r nce c relessness cert in pers ns , , being ign r nt of at a a t o a o and I a e of the worth genius , set it n ught, sh mefully left it f ll int ruin , h v n n t o an a a a o s o o and t o record (a d o with ut grief d disple sure, I s y it) th t a w rk n ble ” m t di a f r . i r i ov r maes t a znen i ingenious, bec me a target o Gascon archers [R co d e o A r

M ons i or S aba da Casti li one Vine ia 1 fol. 1 ter o. g n g , g , 554, 5 g ] f o a for a o o a ar e for A number o rigin l studies the statue of Fr ncesc Sf rz in existence, o a L a at W o f o o a ar e o the m st p rt in the ibr ry inds r, o which the m st imp rt nt repr duced ’

ite a Wor ks o . R L r r Leonar do v ol. . . t o . in Dr . ichter s y f , ii . pl lxv pl lxxvi They chieﬂy c onsist of studies for various projects of the monument ; and a c areful study of them XL o has not shown what was the deﬁnitive form of the statue . [Plate ] On this p int, ’ ou r a od s oo Leonar d de Vi nci ci a ta tu e de Fr ances co S or z a M . Louis C j little b k, l S f ,

1 8 m a o . Paris, 79, y be c nsulted

a o a a t o He next turned his ttenti n , but with gre ter c re , the a a o of a o a and a d n n t my the hum n b dy, ided by, in turn i i g , in this ’ a o o a o an i o o study, Messer M rc Ant ni dell T rre, excellent ph l s pher, who in a a and o o f a and then lectured P vi , wr te this m tter ; he was one of the ﬁrst (as I have heard s ay) that began t o illustrate o of o o f a and t o o w the questi ns medicine with the d ctrine G len , thr o a a o t o a had true light up n n t my, which up th t time been plunged and o a of an in the thick gr ss d rkness ignor ce . And in this he was o a o and a o f o a o w nderfully ssisted by the mind , w rk, h nd Le n rd , who a a oo a a and a o a m de b k dr wn in red ch lk, nn t ted with the pen , o f the own a and subjects which he dissected with his h nd , drew with the gre atest diligence ; wherein he sho wed all the frame o f on and a t o o all the b es , then dded them , in rder, the nerves ,

' and cov er ed a a t o o them with muscles ; the ﬁrst tt ched the b ne , o a o o a and a o the sec nd th t h ld the b dy ste dy, the third th t m ve and a a a a o of an it ; g inst them , p rt by p rt, he wr te in letters - s ha ened a a a a a a and ill p ch r cter, m de with the left h nd , b ckw rds ; o has no a a anno a wh ever pr ctice in re ding them , c t underst nd them , an f e because they c n ot be read except with a mirror. O thes a of a a o o f a o a a a t he p pers the n t my the hum n b dy , gre t p rt is in f ho a o . a o da o a a a w h nds M Fr ncesc Melz , Mil nese gentlem n , in - of ona o was a a o and o the life time Le rd be utiful y uth, much bel ved b and now a a and d m an and o s - ol y him , is be utiful gentle he h ld as o and a o as o them preci us , keeps such p pers t gether, th ugh they 2 8 ‘ alon with o a of o a o of a o were relics, g the p rtr it Le n rd h ppy mem ry ; a nd t o all who a e t In s It I o a a re d these g , seems mp ssible th t th t o a s o i o o f ar t and of divine spirit sh uld h ve well d sc ursed the , the muscles and nerves and veins ; and with such diligence of every S o a o r . a e a o f N N a a of thing ls , there in the h nds . . , p inter i a o of o a a a M l n , s me writings Le n rdo, likewise in ch r cters written i t a a a h a of a and of w th the lef h nd, b ckw rds , whic tre t p inting, the o o f a nd c a o o . o no t o meth ds dr wing l uring This pers n , l ng since , Ca t o o t o n t o o and me Fl rence see me , wishi g print this w rk ; he oo t o Ro o t o f do not o a t k it me , in rder give it ef ect, but I kn w wh t m a a a a o of y fterw rds h ve bec me it .

T In L a at W o ar e a a of of a a the ibr ry inds r gre t number sheets n tomical studies, which , a o t o . R o o o of o o cc rding Dr ichter, f rmed p rti ns f ur distinct treatises , or series, or b oks o f . . . R Liter a Wor ks o Leo a o l n r d vo . . . o studies U P ichter, ry f , i pp 5 Am ng these ar e a of a a and a o a a number sheets dr wn in red ch lk, nn t ted with the pen , which prob bly o o o of f rmed p rti ns the volume which Vasari s aw in the p ossession of Francesco Melzi . of 2 nd da of 1 8 o One these sheets is inscribed On the y April, 4 9, the b ok entitled, Of a a m a a ou r Lo G od a I m a t o o a the Hum n Figure, th t it y ple se rd th t y be able dem nstr te ” a of and a a s I m the n ture men their h bits, in the s me manner a a describing their form .

vol. . . [Lc. , i p It i o a a of L is ev dent, h wever, th t the natomical studies e onardo occupied him at

a a a of . a of o interv ls during the gre ter p rt his life Alre dy in the worksh op Verrocchi , “ a L o a o i there is evidence th t e n rd fell under the inﬂuence of Antonio Pollaiu ol , who worked

a a a. o o was not o a o and a in the s me street, V ccherecci Ant ni nly g ldsmith, painter, c ster f o o a o a a of a o . I f a br nzes , but ls the gre test dr ughtsman his gener ti n n the words o Vas ri ,

“ ' he u nder s t ood the nude more modernly than the masters who preceded him had o n a o d ne, a d dissected m ny b dies in order t o study their anatomy ; and he was the first t o sh ow the metho d of finding ou t the muscles that have form and order in the human ” . In o o oo of o ha . figure Ant ni , the sch l the nude in Fl rence d its definite beginning His o L o a o a has a a e : influence ver e n rd in this reg rd, never been dequ t ly discussed it is a a o o a Pollaiu ol s u e a a f m rked, m ng ther tr its , by the e q ch r cter o the male heads in ’ a o a a o Leon rd s n t mical drawings . ’ L o a o t o o 1 00 o A noni zno After e n rd s return Fl rence in 5 , he c ntinued these studies : the Ga ddi ano records that he drew the anatomy of many bodies in the H ospital of S anta d a a o a . e . . M ri Nu v [ Frey, p o a at During his sec nd st y Milan , between the years 1 506 and 1 5 1 3 , Leonardo made a a a of a o o a o of a e who the cqu int nce M rc Ant ni dell T rre, the greatest anatomist his g , had o at o a 1 8 1 w ' been b rn Ver n , in 4 , and ho at t hat t im e held the chair of anatomy in

f . o a a. G . o l ntor no a a r co A t ni D a l a T r r e ana tomico the university P du [ B De T ni , M n o o i o , e de x v i s e v r ones e l colo R . I o o L . V II. , Atti del nstitut Venet di Scienze , ettere ed Arti , ser — vol. vii . 1 8 6 . 1 0 a o a 95 , pp 9 During this time Leonardo made a series of an t mic l and now r at W o a a studies in pen ink, p eserved inds r, which h ve been published in f csimile

: I M anos cr itti di . na r do da V e n or under the title Leo inci della R a le B iklioteca di Wi ds . ’ - — Dell A na t omi a Fog li A P nkklicati da Teodor o S akac/znikoj t r a nscr itti e annotati

i ovanni P i nnzati . da G a 1 8 8 . L o a n f , etc , P rigi, 9 e n rdo has written o on e o these sheets ” of 1 1 0 I ll . oo t o a a a o Lc . During this winter 5 , l k ﬁnish this n t my [ . , p ’ ’ L o a o Tr eatis e o P ai ntin was a e n rd s f a a o at , g ﬁrst published in , g rbled f rm, P ris in 1 6 Only frag ments of his origin al manuscript h ave survived but the work has come d o o a one a o of and a wn entire, in m re th n m nuscript c py, which the best e rliest is a of a a R It has preserved in the libr ry the V tic n at ome . been excellently edited,

- nd o . 1 1 8 a of ne ens c r i e n K nns t es ckickte . published in v ls 5 the series , Q lt lz ﬂ n j r g , etc , 2 9 D as B u ck v on der M a ler ez : nack dein Codex Va ticanzzs Ur kinas 1 2 0 under the title , ( ) 7 , ' ’ '

ber s et z t zi nd er lanter t v on H . Lu dwi . W 1 882 t s e eken zz . ker az g g , , g ien , a o o o of a o ar e now The M nuscripts nce in the p ssessi n Fr ncesc Melzi dispersed,

o a and o o . o a a o o a s mebeing mutil ted thers l st Of th se th t h ve survived, the m st imp rt nt i tla ntzco In o a a at a a a o o o f a ar e : the Cod ce A the Ambr si n , Mil n , v st c llecti n miscell ne ous o b o o L o of a o o In a i and a t r an s cr i sheets , f rmed y P mpe e ni , which repr ducti n f cs mile, p ’ now o of a o a m a L i a R o o f t o . ti n the text, is in c urse public ti n by the Acc de i de ince , me a o of a o a a o o o o L on An other l rge v lume miscell ne us dr wings, etc , ls f rmed by P mpe e i ,

d a IL on a of L . o Is n an b ought by Ch rles , the dvice Sir Peter ely This v lume , which ow o a o o f 2 a and o a a ar e ow split up, rigin lly c nsisted 34 le ves, c nt ined 779 dr wings : these n

W . a at o a C . Ro A Collection o P r i nts zn preserved in the libr ry inds r C stle [ gers , f - Imitation o D r a wi n s 1 8 v ol. . . of o oo o f g , 77 , i p A series twelve n te b ks, nce in the ’ it u t a at a and now o e l Ins t t . Ambro siana Mil n , in the Bibli th que de , Paris These h ave ’ i Les M a nzzs cr i ts de Leona r d de Vi nci been admirably ed ted under the title, . de la ’ ’ ’ ’ B ibli ot/zezze de l l ns titzzt zzolies en ac- s i zzz/es avec tr ans cr z tzon lztter ale t r a dzz ct zo g ﬁ f jv , n fr a n azs e . a r M . Ckar les Ra v ais s on M oltzen a 1 88 1 1 8 1 . u g , f , P ris , 9 Three nedited o oo ar e In o o In o o o and a o h n te b ks the S uth Kensingt n Museum, the F rster C llecti n , n t er ’ o o in the British Museum . A c mplete Bibliography of Leonard s manuscripts will be ’ W r ks o a - Liter a r o Leon r do v l . o . R o . . . f und in Dr ichter s y f , i pp 5 7

And t o return t o the works of Leonardo in his time the Ki ng o f an a t o a on a o n o a o n Fr ce c me Mil n , which cc u t Le n rd bei g o t o o o a n a a o a a bes ught c ntrive s me biz rre thi g, m de li n th t c me o wa a a and o a was o f r rd sever l p ces , then pened its bre st which f und

full of lilies .

T o a a o a o a of an a o f The li n , here described by V s ri, pr b bly f rmed p rt entert inment f ered

M 1 . L x 11 . t o a a 0 t o ouis , during his visit Mil n, in y 5 7

“ a o o a a a for a .While in Mil n he t k S l i , the Mil nese , his serv nt , who was o o in a and a a o m st c mely gr ce be uty, h ving ﬁne l cks , a a and i o a o and bund nt curled , in wh ch Le n rd much delighted he taught him many things o f the ar t ; a nd there ar e certain works an a ar e a t o a a o in Mil th t s id be by S l i , but which were ret uched a by Leon rdo .

‘ II a of a a o foI the i he of L o a o an The n me S l i ccurs ﬁrst t me in t manuscripts e n rd , in ' ’ of a 1 . B iklzotke zze de l l ns tztzzt a . . fol. 1 2 ter o . entry the ye r 494 [ g , P ris , MS H , 4 g ’ a a In a o of L o a o at a a o i a o V s ri, his cc unt e n rd s life Mil n , lludes t l ttle else th n his w rks

a and and In a a o . a a da a o a a in p inting sculpture, his studies n t my S bb C stigli ne s ys th t few o o In a L o a o t o a In of ther w rks p inting by e n rd were be seen at Mil n , the middle the “ ” “ 1 6 La a t a a t o th century, besides the st Supper, bec use when he ought o h ve ttended a o o o ha o a a l p inting, in which with ut d ubt he w uld ve pr ved new Apelles , he g ve himse f ” ' o nd a a o Ric r d over o aznznaes tr a nzentz di t o a a . o z entirely ge metry, rchitecture , n t my [ M ons i n S aoa n i o a ter . L o a a t or da Cas t z lzo e Vinez a 1 fol. 1 o o a g g , , 554 , 5 g ] e n rd ppe rs h ve no o a o o of at a o a a o o spent inc nsider ble p rti n his time Mil n , up n rchitectur l w rks, b th civil

and a for Lo o o ll o o . t o a a o o milit ry, d vic , M r He seems h ve been chieﬂy eng ged up n w rks

for a a and a of o a a o o a o a. the C thedr l, the C stle the Sf rz , the C stell di P rt Gi v The best ’ ’ and o o a o of L o a o 3 In a Is o o In E o o o m st c ncise cc unt e n rd life Mil n , t be f und dm nd S lmi s — Le . onar do 1 00 . v ca . , Firenze , 9 , p iii H E n t o o n o n a e retur ed Fl re ce , where he f u d th t the Servit Friars had commissio ned Filippin o t o paint the panel for t he high altar o f the An nunziata ; at which Leonardo said that he would a a a o o Fili Ino a in gl dly h ve executed such w rk . Whereup n pp h v g a i i a a o a was o t he he rd t, l ke the mi ble pers n th t he , withdrew fr m a and a o a o a o a nt undert king ; the fri rs, in rder th t Le n rd might p i oo i o i o a a Of and it, t k him nt the r h use , be ring the ch rges himself all his family ; and in this way he put them t o trouble and n h a on a a i . e expe se , l g time , yet never beg n nyth ng At length , a a a o n as a a o n a and a nn a m de c rt on wherei w M d n St . A e with no t o a all ar t ifi cer s t o a Christ, which nly c used the m rvel ; but n w as and o o and old on whe it finished , men w men , y ung , c tinued for t wo a o t o o as t o a o a t o d ys t gether fl ck if s lemn festiv l , the oo wa s In o t o o a of o a o r m where it , rder beh ld the m rvels Le n rd , which caused all tho se people t o be astounded ; for In the cou nt e nance o f that M ado nna was seen whatever o f the simple and beautiful ca n bysimplicity and beauty lend grace t o a n i mage o f the M other of Christ ; for he wished t o S ho w that m odesty and a i o u a of i n o th t humil ty which sh ld be in figure the Virg , wh lly content wit h j oy at seeing the beauty of her S on who m she h olds with tenderness in her lap : the while th a t with m o st chastened wa who was a s a . o as a g ze she reg rding St J hn , little child , o a o a a no t o a . pl ying bel w with l mb ; with ut smile fr m St Anne , who o o a n wa s o n a r o , verfl wing with gl d ess , beh ldi g her e rthly p o i e o o o of geny bec me d vin ; c ncepti ns b rn , indeed , the intellect d f a o an a o o a o . a oo as br in Le n rd This c rt n, will be rel ted bel w , was a a t a o an a o a of fterw rds ken t Fr ce . He m de the p rtr it ’ a d A mer i o ou a o a o and a a o Ginevr g B ci , m st be utiful w rk ; b nd ned 3 1 t he ex ecu t Io n o f a a - i t o a who o o a the lt r p ece the Fri rs , nce m re g ve i t o ili ino n o e a a was not a to t F pp but he , bei g v rt ken by de th , ble

ﬁnish it.

1T a a a no a o t o a of L o a o da o a a V s ri m kes llusi n the dep rture e n rd Vinci fr m Mil n , fter the a of Lo o o Il o o nor t o a of f ll d vic , M r , the w nderings the painter, previous t o his return t o

o . ll o o a ou t o a on z u d 1 for o Fl rence M r , h ving set fr m Mil n , September, 499, the Tyr l, ' o of a i an a t o i L X I o I . of a who a a with the intenti n r is ng rmy resist K ng uis Fr nce, l id cl im t o o f a a a the Duchy Mil n , the Mil nese immedi tely sent ambassadors t o invite the

t o a o o of . a a a of II French king t ke p ssessi n the city Twelve d ys fter the dep rture M oro, a o da o t o o had a of Milan then Bern rdin C rte , wh m the Duke entrusted the C stle ,, deemed t o a o t o o o a n be impregn ble , s ld it the French, with ut s much s ﬁring a shot. I less than

a Lo X II. had u o o f o u nd on 6 twenty d ys , uis q ietly p ssessed himself the wh le D chy a , th o e a o a Oct b r, he m de his s lemn entry into Milan . The Mil nese quickly discovered that “ “ o i a a of Lo o l n there were w rse ev ls th n the tyr nny d vico, I M oro . Already every o e is ” d o o a a o a epl ring the Sf rz , excl ims Gir l mo M orone, who had accepted office under Louis “ X II. a of o 1 o ar e o of o , in letter N vember, 499, the pe ple disillusi ned their h pes the lust and a of o ar e and buse the French s ldiers extreme, the obligati ons of entertaining them ” in a o o o f the priv te h uses exceeds the h rr rs o whatever tyranny. L o a o o o t o o a a e n rd s n determined retrieve his br ken fortunes elsewhere . H ving tr ns mitted a of a a 1 1 of 600 o or in by letter exch nge , d ted 4th December, 499, the sum g ld ﬂ s i t o o a o of o a of a a a a o a at o G . be dep sited with the uth r ties the H spit l S nt M ri Nu v , Fl rence [ z i lli Rice cke — U e r . 1 8 2 8 vol. . . L o a o ou t for accom amed , , ed 7 4, i p e n rd set Venice, p a a a a and L a Pa ioli a i i c a a . a by his ssist nt S l i, uc , the m them tici n On the r w y th ther, they a a a at a a L o m de brief st y M ntu , where e nardo drew the p ortrait of the famous Isabella ’ d Es te of G iovan a o o a a a i f a 1 a , the wife Fr ncesc G nz g , M rqu s o M ntua . On 3 th M rch , 1 00 Lo o G u s nas co d a a a a a of w 5 , renz P vi , m ker musical instruments , ho had known “ L o a o at ou of Lo o o a a t o I a of a a L o a o e n rd the c rt d vic , s ys, in letter sabell M ntu e n rd who at has o a o a o ou a Vinci, is Venice , sh wn me p rtr it f y r L dyship, which is extra i ” o a ou t a . h : o a can s o o A . B as c et rdin rily like y is sc rcely p ssible th t it be well d ne [ , A ldo M anu z io a 1 86 . n o o a a n ow , Venezi , 7, p This, d ubt, is the be utiful dr wing in L o . a X II. In a a of 1 a L o a o I a a the uvre [Pl te ] l ter letter 504, ddressed t o e n rd , s bell , “ t o a a : W ou n ou r or r ai referring this dr wing, s ys hen y were in this city, a d drew t t in ” a oa ou o o o n L u o e da a o o . . ch rc l , y pr mised y w uld y cert inly execute it in c l ur A uzio, ' ’ ’ P r ecett or z d l s a kella d E s te l An na 1 88 . , eo , 7, p a on th u a 1 00 Lo o o Il o o had r - d a Me nwhile, 4 Febr ry 5 , d vic , M r , e entere Mil n in h was triump ; but his success destined t o be of br ief durati on . On the l oth April o o a f Lo o o Lo 11 . o a a f ll wing, the French rmy under uis x r uted the mercen ries o d vic , ne r o a a and Lo o o i was a en of N v r , d vic h mself t ken prisoner. The p must necessity keep om a - and o r an c p ny with the pen knife , m reover, useful company, fo the one c d o nothing ” o o L o a o had on o of on of o - oo and with ut the ther, e n rd written the c ver e his n te b ks , , “ o o a o a o under it, he j ts d wn in c nfused, dejected manner : The castell n made p ris ner . o P a and a a a Ro a o of Visc nti [ ] betr yed, fterw rds his s on dead . Gi n della s r bbed his

o . B or onz o a a and ou t an o o m ney g m de beginning, then w ld no , d theref re f rtune ﬂed has o n him . The Duke l st his State a d goods and liberty ; and no one of his works f ’ or e l In i r M s t e s o o over . . o cl s u L. 1 v r c e t t t a . is ﬁnished him [Bibli th que , P is , S , f ]

a a in L o a o o u t for o o a a a . After brief st y Venice , e n rd set Fl rence , in c mp ny with S l i ar o t o 2 th 1 00 for on a d a he o He rived there previ usly 4 April, 5 , th t y drew fr m the f a o a o a a a o a 0 of . 600 o ﬂor ins had o H spit l S nt M ri Nu v , 5 the g ld which he dep sited with f — a o o o a . i i . . iell R cer . 1 ol. G . Uz che 8 2 8 v the uth rities the H spit l [ , , ed 7 4, i p It was a o i h a a under these circumst nces that Filippin L ppi , w o had executed the lt r for of f o a o o piece the church the Benedictine m onastery o S an D onat Sc pet , which L o a o had a a o o o a o o o e n rd b nd ned bef re g ing t o Mil n , yielded t o Le onard the c mmissi n for a a - for W a f a o the lt r piece the Annunziata . ithin year o his arriv l in Fl rence , - L o a o has a oo for a a of a a a . e n rd designed the c rt n this lt r piece , which V s ri spe ks A 32 nd on 2 1 f had a a f o a 5 t o a o a a o U . the the s me m nth , he lre dy m de himself m ster rbin One of the note- books of Leonardo contains several entries which show that he w as at U o at a on a o for a a o a In one a rbin this time, eng ged milit ry w rks C es r B rgi . inst nce, he

a a o of Co o of a o o at U o on oth d a f u 1 0 2 . m de n te the nstructi n d vec t rbin , the 3 y o J ly 5 ’ e l l ns it u t a L. f l. t r o am o t . o e . [Bibli th que de , P ris , MS , 7 g ] Other entries in the s e o u o a L o a o was at a o on at R on 8 v l me sh w th t e n rd Pes r the I st August, imini the th “ and a a o n l oth a ﬁ er a d i S anct o Lo n o a n a August, t Cesen the August . All re z Cese ,

Lc. r ecto o cover fol. 8 r ecto and fol. 6 ter o. o o a o ne [ , f , 7 , 4 g ] A d cument rec rds th t of a of a a o ia o L o a o ave for a ana the rchitects C es r B rg , d ubtlessly e n rd , the design c l

o a o f a t o a o 1 02 . E . o m Leonar do . 1 fr m the w lls Cesen Cesen tic , in August 5 S l i , , p 3 7 ] o o 1 8 u a a o a at a a had t o On the f ll wing th Aug st, C es r B rgi issued P vi , where he gone

Lo i X II. a a a t o L o a o a a nd a t o all visit u s , duc l p tent e n rd , gr nting him free p ss a ccess the fo rtresses which he was required t o inspect In his capacity a s architect and engineer a To all ou r a a a a a a of and u o i a gener l lieuten nts , c stell ns , c pt ins, le ders , ﬁcers s b rd n tes , t o o a o and o a a t o ou r o wh m these presents sh ll c me, we require c mm nd th t, m st excellent and o a a and - a Leon aI do d a a r well bel ved serv nt, rchitect engineer gener l, Vinci , the be re of who o ou r o io t o o o an d o of these letters, h lds c mmiss n inspect the str ngh lds f rtresses

‘ ou r a t o a a o t o i and his m a b e St tes, the end th t, cc rding their exigenc es judgment, we y a t o a o t o a a a o ble rep ir them, they be bliged everywhere gr nt p ss, free fr m every public a t o and a a and a o and a o t o p yment, him his ssist nts, friendly recepti n ; ll w him see, a and a a s u as a and t o t o a me sure , well estim te m ch he sh ll desire ; , this end, pl ce men at o a as m a and t o a aid a a and his disp s l, he y require them , lend him wh tever , ssist nce , a o a ask for : ou r a a t o o t o a ou t f v ur he sh ll it being will , th t, in reg rd the w rks be c rried o o a t o o an d o t o in the d mini ns , every engineer sh ll be required c nfer with him, c nform ” . E Alvis i Ces ar e B or i a I o a 1 8 8 . his judgment [ . , g , m l , 7 , p 537 ] a w L o a o a at a and a i o a a a on Me n hile e n rd rem ined Cesen Cesen t c , eng ged, pp rently,

o a o of a and of a a . a a i a a the rest r ti n the c stle the work the c n l The l test entry, be r ng d te “ o o - oo a a o o a o on th d a o f which ccurs in the n te b k lre d cited, is : P rt Cesen tic , the 5 y

6 e . 1 02 l. 6 t r L c. fo o n a n September, 5 . [ , g Sudde ly, these undert ki gs were interrupted I eb ellion a a a a o a o ou t Ro a a at by the g inst C es r B rgi , which br ke in the m gn , the beginning of o 1 02 . W a a i L ona o a a o can o Oct ber 5 h t tt tude e rd ssumed mid these dis rders , we nly

a o . . on a u a o t o o v guely c njecture Dr S olmi , relying cert in do btful indic ti ns be f und in a t o S o a L o a o o for a o of the m nuscripts , seeks h w th t e n rd still foll wed time the f rtunes h ae a o a . E . o Leonar do . o 15 a a e C s r B rgi [ S lmi , , p One thing, h wever, cert in , th t had returned t o Fl orence before 4t h M arch 1 503 ; on which d ay he drew 50 ﬂor ins from — o a of a a Ma a o a G . Uz ielli c er c/ze . 1 8 2 8 vol. . . the H spit l S nt ri Nu v [ , , ed 7 4, i p

ona o n oo t o a fo r a o o o o t he Le rd u dert k p int, Fr ncesc del Gi c nd , o a o f o n a a i i and a he had i n o it p rtr it M n Lis , h s w fe fter l gered ver o a n n : o no w in o o n f ur ye rs , left it u ﬁ ished which w rk is the p ssessi o f n f a a n a n a t a who i an o t o . K g Fr cis Fr nce , F t i eble u In his he d , t o ho w n a a r t i a t o i a na was ever wished see e rly s ble mit te ture , readily able t o comprehend It ; S Ince therei n a r e count erfeited all " th ose minutenesses that with subtlety ar e able t o be painted seeing that the eyes had that lustre and watery sheen which a r e a a n i a and a o n all o e lw ys see in the l ving cre ture , r u d them were th s o and a t Int s o a anno b e r sy pe rly , t gether with the eyel shes , that c t i a o a o b dep cted except by the gre test subtlety . The eyebr ws , ls , y re ason of his having represented the manner in which the hairs o o h and o an and issue fr m the ﬂesh , here m re t ick here m re sc ty ,

a o t o o o f o not o a a . turn cc rding the p res the ﬂesh , c uld be m re n tur l 34 ' ' The o eW h b eati t ifu l o i o and t end er s eems t o n s it its n str ls; r sy , be

' al u d n Iv e. o i o an The m th with ts pening , with its ends u ited by of i t o of a a ar n the red the l ps the flesh tints the f ce , ppe ed , i deed , t o not 010 o r i o i t be c urs but flesh . Wh eve ntently bserved the p o f o a s aw a n in one o the thr t, the pulse be ti g it . And , in truth , c uld s a a i t was a a an a a a ar t i ficer y th t p inted in m ner th t m de every ble , m d a o o a an o o . be he wh m he y, tremble l se c ur ge He empl yed , a o o a a a i ls , this device M nn Lis being very be ut ful , while he drew ' i he r et ained o ewho a o r an and o n a her p cture , th s pl yed s g, c tinu lly a a o o t o a j ested , th t they might m ke her c ntinue merry, in rder t ke a way that melanch oly that painters ar e often used t o give t o the ’ o rai a in t hi s ict u r e of o a o p rt ts which they p int . And p Le n rd s , was a s o leas m a t he o f it was a n o there smile , th t sight thi g m re p g _ ' ' div m e a a and was d t o a a e in t hat was th n hum n it hel be m rv l , it not o a a ther th n live .

' a o - o o o a o o 1 60 a as 1TFr ncesc del Gi c nd , Fl rentine citizen , b rn in 4 , m rried his third wife , If In 1 o a L a a ent lewom an of a of a i a . . n _ 495, M n is , g N ples , the Gher rd ni f mily the letter ’ o f Fr a o d a Nu volar ia t o I a a d Es t e t o i o L o a o has not Pietr . s bell is be rel ed up n , e n rd was o a of o a L a 1 0 1 . h i s o a a beg un the p rtr it M nn is in April, 5 pr b ble , then , th t it begun ’ oo a a t o o a 1 0 and a i o s n fter the p inter s return Fl rence in M rch , 5 3, th t he l ngered ver it L a was t Ill a for a M a 1 06 . U o o o a o a his dep rture Mil n in y , 5 p n the supp siti n th t M nn is a o at of a a o a a o - b ut eighteen the time her m rri ge, she w uld h ve been b ut twenty seven L f o a L a a at an o a o a 1 0 . o a o when e n rd -beg n the picture in 5 3 The p rtr it M nn is p ssed early per o d int o t he -p ossessi on of Francis probably befo re the a went t o i l ‘ . p inter a for near l u old Ro a Fr nce, in After being preserved y three cent ries in the y l

o o of a now in Lo N 0. 1 60 1 . a . C llecti n Fr nce, it is the uvre, [Pl te XV ]

On a o o o f n o f t he o of cc unt , theref re , the excelle ce w rks this o n ar t iﬁ cer a s o I a a all o who m st divi e , his f me ncre sed , th t pers ns t ar t— n n i i of o n — a deligh ed in i deed , the e t re c ty Fl re ce desired th t o a o o i a and an he sh uld le ve them. s me mem r l , the me s were discussed "t o co mm i ss i o n him t o execute some n otable and grea t o o o a a o n and w rk, by which the c mm n we lth might be d r ed ho o b in ll rac a nd a ho e . e t e ect . s n ured y such , g , judgment, wer s wn

the o f na A nd was a a n t he . in works Le o rd o . it rr ged between o ' a o n a o ni and a i n a , i G nf l er the princip l c tize s , th t the Gre t C u c l ha b r hav n ar hit ect u r e o f had C e i . been t h c m , , g newly built , e which been co ntrived with the judgment and adv ice o f Giulia no da S an a o on Pollaiu oli a Il o na a i a o o G ll , Sim e , c lled Cr c , M chel ngi l ’ B u o nar ot t i and a o no o and in ea a as , B cci d Ag l , finished gr t h ste ( l a o a i a i was o a n b wi l be rel ted m re p rt cul rly elsewhere) , t rd i ed , y a o n i o o t o public decree , th t s me sple d d w rk sh uld be given Leonard o t o pai nt ; and s o the afo resaid h all wa s all otted t o him 3 5 i i a f s To o S oder n o o o . by Pier , then G nf l nier j u tice this end o a o t o a ou t o a a a oo Le n rd , desiring c rry the w rk, beg n c rt n in the a a a a an a a a a a a N o a o f S l del P p , p rtment in S nt M ri vell , the o of N o o o a a o f o o f a st ry icc l Piccinin , C pt in Duke Filipp Mil n in which he designed a group of h orsemen that were fighting for a a a a o t o o a nd o f a a st nd rd , w rk held be m st excellent , gre t m stery, o n account of the marvellous co ncepti ons which he had fo rmed in n a : fo r a a and ar e no desig ing th t fight r ge , h tred , revenge seen an o a o w t wo less in the men th in the h rses , m ng hich with the ' o - o are as fi er cel f re legs interl cked , fighting y with their teeth , as who on o a o fo r a a a he is h rseb ck d es in fighting th t st nd rd , has a o as o t o which been seized by s ldier, he puts his h rse flight , a k a o and a o f turning b c w rds with his b dy, seizing the st ff the a a in o a o f o t o o st nd rd , rder, by me ns his sh ulders , wrest it by f rce o a o f o o f o t wo ar e a fr m the h nds the f ur, wh m defending it , e ch one a and o a o ar e with h nd , with their sw rds r ised in , the ther, a n t o a an old o a ca ttempti g sever the st ff ; whilst s ldier in red , p, a o a one a and o crying l ud , seizes the st ff with h nd , with the ther a a a an a a o o t o a o r ises scimit r, grily thre tens bl w in rder cle ve b th a o f o who fo a the h nds th se , grinding their teeth in the ef rt , ttempt ,

in a o f a fi er cenes s t o a . ttitudes the gre test , defend their b nner o o on o n of o M re ver, the gr und , betwee the legs the h rses, there a r e t wo o o who a r e o figures in f resh rtening, fighting t gether, the o ne o n the gro und having over him a soldier who has his ar m as i as a a w a o m a a a h gh he is ble , th t ith gre ter f rce he y plunge d gger nt o i o a o t o end t he o i h s thr t, in rder his life ; while ther , struggling a d o a an a an c t o a o . with his rms legs , d es wh t he v id de th O ne is not able t o describe the inventi o n which Leonardo o a of o all a f a sh wed in the h bits the s ldiers, v ried in dif erent w ys by i o r in t he a o and o o a the h m, we p ns ther rn ments ; much less incredible mastery which he showed in the fo rms and lineaments o f o and a a o f the h rses , the fiery spirit, the muscles sh pely be uty o na o a an o a a which Le rd drew better th n y ther m ster. It is s id a o t o a a oo a a o o a th t, in rder dr w this c rt n , he m de m st ingeni us st ge , a was a n o and o a wh t r ised by bringi g it t gether, l wered by exp nding

. o t o o o o on a he it And , c nceiving the wish c l ur in ils the w ll , a a o o o of s o o an a as a for m de c mp siti n gr ss dmixture , binder a on a a o t o a n a a an p inting the w ll , th t , c ntinuing p i t in th t h ll , it beg t o a off a wa a a o a a o it ﬂ ke in such y th t in sh rt time he b nd ned , a as o n had and all w . o a o a seeing th t it sp ili g Le n rd gre t spirit , in 36 was o o a a a i o . o t o a his ct ns m st gener us It is s id th t , g ing the b nk for the fm oney that he was wo nt t o rece i ve every m o nth from

’ o S oder ini a an t o ai a Pier , the c shier w ted give him cert n p per “ a o f o not a a t o i p ckets pence , but he w uld t ke them , s ying h m , I - n n a fo a n am no penny pai ter . Bei g bl med r h vi g deceived Piero S oder ini a t o a a o , the thing beg n be whispered g inst him whereup n o na o s o o a he o o Le rd wr ught with his friends , th t c llected the m ney d o t o o t o a b u t o not a an o i t . t k it Pier rep y him , he w uld ccept

“ ” a o a or a a o as n ow a was 1 The Gre t C uncil Ch mber, S l del Cinquecent it is c lled, 1 o of II o a a and M a 1 6 o begun in July, 495, fr m the designs Cr n c , hurriedly ﬁnished in y , 49 , t f r a of o o a o a o a L L o o a . . a serve the ssemblies the C nsigli M ggi re , instituted by S v n r l [ nducci , “

ar i o . 1 1 2 and It was at a of o a o D i , pp erected the b ck the rigin l p rtion of the l a a o o on S of o d ofﬁ of a o and o a a . P l zz Vecchi , the ite the ces the B rgell the D g n L o o as I a o had t o o th a 1 0 e nard , h ve sh wn , returned Fl rence by 4 M rch, 5 3 ; but it was not o o 2 th o a of a of o a a until the f ll wing 4 Oct ber, th t the keys the H ll the P pe, in S nt a a o a a oo of a of a o M ri N vell , where he executed the c rt n the B ttle Anghi ri, were rdered

l . n . o . a a o vo . . o t o be delivered t him [Vas ri, ed S ns ni , iv p 43 , te ] Again there was a delay and th ough the stage for the executi on of the cartoon had ' ‘ “ Ca r te o znedz i i b o o a . a i t o . w been bu lt y the f ll wing Febru ry [J G ye, g g , ii it as not h a 1 0 a for “ o was a till 4t M y , 5 4, th t the contract the w rk deﬁnitely settled by resolution of

S o a of o . of i o a was a a the ign ri Fl rence By the terms th s c ntr ct, it stipul ted th t the a oo was t o a 1 0 and a L o a o was t o 1 o c rt n be ﬁnished by Febru ry, 5 5, th t e n rd receive 5 g ld

ﬂor ins o o o 20th 1 0 . If o was not the m nth , reck ning fr m April , 5 4 the w rk ﬁnished by the L wa a s u m h a o a o s t o a ad . stipul ted time, e n rd p y b ck the entire which he received The w o of a as t o a o a . a a . executi n the p inting be determined by further c ntr ct [ V s ri, ed

o vol. . . o . a oo a a t o a for n S ans ni , iv p 44, n te ] The c rt n ppe rs h ve been duly ﬁnished, , o a 1 0 a a t a for o of 2 8th Febru ry, 5 5, cert in p ymen s were m de the erecti n the stage in the

a a o t o a L o a o t o . a . o a S l dei Cinquecent , en ble e n rd begin the p inting Fr m th t time, till h 1 0 a of of a a for o il ot o o o . 3 August, 5 5, series entries p yments m de gess , linseed , c l urs, etc , o O er a z or Wa of Wo of a o ccur in the bo ks of the ﬁ , rdens the rks, the P laz zo della Signoria .

dit l. . . 8 o . a Ca r te i o i ne o vo a had o t o [J G ye, g g , ii pp 9 But bef re these p yments c me L h a a m a a an o a o ad a a o t o . a end, e n rd lre dy g ne b ck his m the tic l studies A tre tise in his a in o o a o h ndwriting , preserved the S uth Kensingt n Museum, be rs the inscripti n Begun ‘

L o a o . da on i 2 th d a of 1 0 oo O the by me, e n rd Vinci, the y July, 5 5, the b k entitled , f r a s or m a tion o one ood int o a notner w it/t ou t diminu ti on or a ccr eti on o ma ter t n f f y , f t .

i . . l fol. 1 r ecto and ter o. o h M a 1 0 o o o 0 . t 6 [F rster C llect n, MS N , g ] On the 3 y , 5 , a o a o t o a on o o a o Leon rdo bt ined permissi n le ve the city, c nditi n th t he w uld present a of o o o o f o a a himself, within the sp ce three m nths, bef re the Pri rs Fl rence, under pen lty ” of 1 50 gold ducats and the painting of the B a of Anghiari wa s destined never t o l _ _ _ _ tt e ‘ . a a a a L o a o a a do d a a s o be resumed V s ri s ys th t e n rd b n ne the p inting, bec u e he f und was a A nonizn o Ga ddia no h that the colour ﬂ aking from the w ll the , w o is more “ a a L o o oo co on o o o explicit, dds th t e nard t k the stuc which he c l ured, fr m Pliny; but

a not a . t ime he a a a a th t he did well underst nd it And the first _ tried it in the S l del P p , a was o a had a it on a i a a in which pl ce he w rking, fter he pl ced the w ll, he l ghted gre t fi r of a oa o of on a o of a ea of a a a e ch r c l in fr nt it, by which , cc unt the gre t h t the s id ch rco l, a and a a and a a t he evapor ted dried the s a id m teri l ; fterw rds, he wished o put it into on a a o o o a a and executi in the S l [del C nsigli ], where, in the l wer p rt,the fire re ched dried a o on a o of a d a a not a and r an it, but b ve , cc unt the gre t ist nce , the he t did re ch it, it .

d . 1 1 c . [ Frey, p 4 ] o a a and o as a of a a The gr up which V s ri describes , which is kn wn the B ttle the St nd rd, ’ I w s formed only an incident in the foreground of Leonardo s design . t a the one portion

of the carto on that Leonardo executed in colour on the wall . There can be little doubt ’ “ o a oo and a oo of of a o s th at b oth Le onard s c rt n , the c rt n the Surprise the Pis n S ldier , f r o a o of a a nd which Michelangi ol o prepared o the dec r ti n the s me h ll , were ﬁnished, a that i i in 1 8 or o a a a . o a a they b oth e rly dis ppe red Benvenut Cell ni, writ ng 55 , sh rtly fter, s ys, “ ’ i o r a n a t wo a oo one a a o and one in his A ntoo g p y , th t these c rt ns hung, in the P l zz de Medici , ” w r h f o a a e et e oo o . inthe S al a del Papa and th t, while they rem ined entire , they sch l the w rld ’ i lo s a oo was t o at the of a of u ia o M ichelang o c rt n cut pieces time the de th Gi l n di Medici , ’ ‘ in the A nonzm o Gaddi ano relates that among the drawings and o ther property L o a o a of a o of a a a a o a at o on which e n rd left in ch rge the uth rities S nt M ri Nu v , Fl rence, “ t o a 1 1 6 was a a of a oo of a a o io g oing Fr nce , in 5 , the gre ter p rt the c rt n the S l del C nsigl , of o t o ai of which the drawing for the group h rses still be seen executed there , rem ned in ” a . ed . . 1 1 not s o as a a of t he P al ce [ Frey, p At the present time , much fr gment either “ ” a ar e a o a u i a for a of ia c artoon rem ins ; but there sever l rigin l st d es ext nt the B ttle Angh ri , ’ Li ter ar W r s o o a r do d . R o k Le n a Vin i which ar e reprodu ced in facsimile in Dr ichter s y f c . of ou of o and They consist of several sheets gr ps ﬁghting h rsemen in pen ink, preserved

n a Lc. . hi . o . n t w in the British Museu m at Windsor a d t Venice [ , pl t pl a d o sheets ” r of a o of a o f a a o f s t u dies in ch alk fo three the he ds in the gr up the B ttle the St nd rd,

- XV I. and II. Lc. v ol. . . 8 a a of preserved at Buda Pesth [ , i pp 33 [Pl tes XV ] The f te “ ” L the painting of the B attle of the Standard which eonardo began on one of the walls o f the S ala dei Cinquecento m ay be surmised with more certainty th an that of the a La u o Di ar i o an of i 2th 1 1 2 a cartoon . Luca nd cci rec rds in his , in entry December, 5 , th t

- i and o oo - o o o a t the c o stly wall p anell ng, ther fine w d w rk, were rem ved fr m the h ll, a this ’ ‘ t ime s om e two o a u of a o and Lo o t o o , , m nths fter the ret rn Giuli n renz de Medici Fl rence, “ ” f r a : and on oth 1 1 a in order t o constru ct rooms o their gu rd 3 April, 5 3 , the Oper i of ’ “ a for oa t o o fi ain . o o a the p alace paid lire 8 . 1 2 t c rpenter b rds encl se the gures p ted in ” L . a a of o a o da . a Ca r te i o the great h all of the gu rd, by the h nd i n rd Vinci [J G ye, g g ' a was o on a f o v ol. . . t o i nedzt , ii p The unfinished p inting still be seen the w ll the ’ A nonzm o Gaddi a no wa s S ala dei C inqu ecent o at the time when the writing, between

8 ed . . 1 a a o t o a o a 1 542 and 1 54 . [ Frey , p A yet l ter llusi n the p inting ccurs in letter a o o a i th u 1 an a o t o a a o o f Anton Fr ncesc D ni, d ted 7 Aug st, 549, giving cc unt friend b ut “ ” o t o in a a t o visit Florence , of the things w rthy be seen the city h ving scended the ” “ a a i of a ou of o and stairs of S ala Grande, he writes , t ke d ligent view gr p h rses men of L o a o d a i a a a a a o i t o ( a p ortion of the battle e n rd Vinc ) , th t will ppe r mir cul us th ng ” a Raccolta di Letter e s a a P i tt zcr a S cu ltu r a ed A r chitett zcr a Ro a G . o y ou . [ B tt ri , , , m , I ou o a a was i 1 vol. iii. . t 754 , p w ld seem, theref re, th t the p inting st ll in existence a a o a 1 a o of o a a a a when V s ri , sh rtly fter 557, beg n the w rk rem delling the S l , Gr nde r ising 2 a ia and o a and a a the roof from 20 t o 3 br cc , dec r ting the ceiling w lls with p intings . 8- 0 w as a a l. iv . 1 6 a a . a o vo . [V s ri, ed S ns ni , pp 44 45 ] The ceiling lre dy ﬁnished in 5 5 - a not o u th a a 1 1 2 . A but the paintings on the w lls were unc vered ntil 4 J nu ry, 57 [ . n n L ini Dia ri o 1 00 . 1 0 a d ca i o a ap , , Firenze , 9 , pp 5 There be l ttle d ubt, then, th t ’ ’ was o t o a wa for a a a o on a Leon ardo s painting destr yed m ke y V s ri s v st fresc es , the w lls

a a o o on . of the S ala dei Cinquecento . V s ri himself is min usly silent the subject There ” a r e a nu mber of ancient c opies of the p ainting of the B attle of the Standa rd . These u on a u a o of a r include a c opy in colo r, red ced sc le, preserved in the Dep t the G lle y fﬁ z i i o a o a a a of a a s was o f the U , wh ch pr b bly rec rds the ctu l st te the p inting it left by an d o a a o a Ra a Le on ardo , unﬁnished with ut b ckgr und 5 slight sketch by ph el in pen

U e a at o N O . 2 8 a a o o o a nd ink, in the niv rsity G lleries Oxf rd, ; sm ll c py in c l ur, with o a o o of L o a o the o o of an a dded background by s me Mil nese f ll wer e n rd , in p ssessi n

am imb al at a i has a . H au s s ou llier a a co M ad e T , P r s , which been engr ved by H ; l rge py o a of o f o a in o o of i o n canvas , pr b bly the size the rigin l , the p ssessi n the wr ter ; the

R Lo N 0. 6 was o a o a dra wing by u bens in the uvre , 5 5, which d ne fter the riginal h d

- nd of e an a Ed elinck . a o a disappeared , a which th re is engr ving by There is ls print “ i : Ex a a o a L o ar Vincii a a o on a folio sheet, inscr bed t bell pr pri e n di m nu pict pus hi Lu cens i ab eodem u e ex u s s u m t s s u mpt u m a Lau r entio Z acc a q nunc c I pu bli u f cati on probably m arks the date at which the destr cti on o the painting was determined

a o a o d r awm s u u m . N 0. 1 an u pon . Lastly, m ng the M lc lm g in the British M se , Add , is “ ” f a of a a . a III. e arly drawing of a portion o the . B ttle the St nd rd [Pl te XV ] “ ” V a who a a t o a of a a o o as ri , ppe rs be describing the B ttle the St nd rd fr m mem ry, 3 8 a o of a a o of o . Not h as s omewh t misinterpreted the m tive the princip l cti n the gr up ﬁve,

o on o a ar e o for a a . of but four, s ldiers h rseb ck c ntending the st nd rd One them, the - a has a ﬂa o his o an o o s tandard be rer, been c rrying the g ver right sh ulder, while pp nent

af o . In o t o o has seized it by the st f, fr m behind rder prevent it fr m being wrested from a a - a has u o a and has af him , the st nd rd be rer t rned r und in the s ddle , seized the st f with

a a ou a . a of l his left h and, thus cquiring d ble purch se The third ﬁgure, th t the o d ' ' a a in o t o at a of a s oldier in the red c p , lifts his scimit r rder cut the h nds the ssailant o f the standard ; at the very m oment that the fourth ﬁgure charges at the old soldier

t o a a . i n the red cap, prevent his tt ck a a a ai a o a a a a At this p oint, V s ri g n p sses ver in silence signiﬁc nt p ss ge in the life of ; a had o a o of o a on o Leon ardo After the p inter bt ined the permissi n the Sign ri , 3 th M ay 1 06 t o a o o for e o ou t for a o 5 , bsent himself fr m Fl rence thre m nths, he set Mil n in rder ’ t o a ai o for a d Amb ois e Lo of a o - - Lo undert ke cert n w rks Ch rles , rd Ch um nt sur ire, the

o o of of a a of Lou X II. i 8th u u 1 0 G vern r the Duchy Mil n, in the n me is On the A g st 5 6, w o t o o a i a a a at a Chaumont r te the Sign ri , request ng th t the. p inter might rem in Mil n the ” “ o f a a wh ole of the coming m nth o September since , he dds, we h ve still need of the L o a o o t o a o a a m a ster, e n rd , in rder furnish cert in w rks , which we h ve c used him t o ” 8 l . z P s s u ns ts aznnzlzcn en 1 vo . . a hr ozcc/ der K r eu . K begin . [j . g , 99, xx p o i o a t o ha o a o a 2 8 The letter f the S gn ri C um nt gr nting the permissi n , is d ted th August W l. . . o . at f 1 06 . a a . a o i v o o 5 [V s ri, ed S ns n , iv p 45, n te ] hen , the end September, Ch au mont a gain requested that Leonardo might be allowed t o remain some time longer “ a o S od er ini o a o a of th o a in Mil n, Pier , the G nf l nier, replied in letter o Oct ber : M y y our Excellency excuse us from coming t o an agreement about a d ay with Leonardo d a who has n ot o as o t o a o o a R Vinci , b rne himself he ught h ve d ne, t w rds this epublic, in has f o and ha m a a th at he received a good sum o m ney, s de little beginning of a great i a o o and he has a a o o work, which he is under obl g ti n t execute , lre dy c mp rted himself as

a la ar d ou t of t o o E . . a Car te io i nedi to l; g , deference y ur xcellency [J G ye, g g , vo ii .

p 87 . L o a o a at In of o a a . t spite this brusque rem nstr nce, e n rd still rem ined Mil n At leng h, o n i 2th a a 1 0 o a of o a o J nu ry, 5 7, the Sign ri Fl rence received letter fr m Francesco

Pand olﬁ ni a a a a t he o of Lo X II. at o , their mb ss dor t C urt uis Bl is, in which he writes : o of o ia a a Being this m rning in the presence the M st Christ n King, his M jesty c lled me , “ a Yo o a d o a . W t o a I ma s ying ur Sig n ri must me service rite them, th t desire the ster, L o a o ain who now at i a t o and a I e n rd , their p ter, is M l n , serve me , th t wish him to make d a a for . a Lo o an o sever l things me See th t their rdships exh rt c mm nd him , t o serve me ” “ ” i and a d o not a a b o o . all speed ly, th t he le ve Mil n ef re my c ming And this, adds

’ Pand olﬁ ni has o a o a a has , been cc si ned by little picture by his h nd, which lately been

o and t o a o o . In a br ught here , which is held be m st excellent w rk spe king with him, ‘ ‘ I a a a o . t o : a sked his M jesty, wh t were the w rks he desired He replied me Cert in a - u of La and o n as a a a little p nel pict res Our dy, ther thi gs , the f ncy sh ll t ke me : and ’ a I a a o a him t o a own o a . E . o Leona r d perh ps, sh ll ls c use m ke my p rtr it [ S lmi , o, p . a a on i th a a 1 0 Lo o t o A few d ys l ter, the 4 J nu ry, 5 7, uis wr te himself the Sign oria ’ o f o o i nt or Leon t o a ff . E . D eléclu z e S a z no ar do da V n Fl rence, the s me e ect [ , g g i ci , a 1 8 Sien , 44, p . M a 1 0 o o a I 2 th a . t wa On the 4 y 5 7, Louis x 11. m de his s lemn entry int Mil n s probably o n o a o a L o a o o o ou of o t o this cc si n th t e n rd c ntrived, in h n r the French King, the li n , “ a a a a a a an o which V s ri lluding, which came forw rd sever l p ces, d then pened its breast ” w s which a found full of lilies . In a of 1 0 L o a o t o o o t o a the utumn 5 7, e n rd returned Fl rence, in rder defend lawsuit o a a o who o on o of br ught g inst him by his br thers , s ught, the gr und his illegitimacy, t o

' of an a t o L o a o a a o at o upset the will uncle beque thing e n rd sm ll pr perty Fies le . The ’

a a a o was a of Lo x i i . t o p inter s rriv l in Fl rence preceded by letter uis the Signoria, “ dated 26th July,requesting th at they should use their influence t o render the suit as ” i as o . was o o a o o a o a i th br ef p ssible This letter f ll wed by n ther fr m Ch um nt, d ted s “ In a L o a o da a August, which he says, that the m ster, e n rd Vinci , p inter t o the M o st a t o o i a f a on a o Christi n King, wh m w th the gre test di ficulty we h ve given licence cc unt o f o t o a a - for his o a a his being under pr mise execute p nel picture M st Christi n M jesty, 39 t o a ff a a and came thither wishing end cert in di erences, which h ve risen between him his ” o . L o a o had a o a of br thers, etc e n rd rrived in Fl rence during the first d ys September ;

nd of of Lo and a o a on . It was at a in spite the letters uis Ch um nt, his suit still dr gged as A nonzmo Gaddzano o a L o a o o in this time , the rec rds , th t e n rd lived six m nths the

o cd . wh w house of G iovan Francesco Rustici , the sculpt r [ Frey, p . o as then

o f . o a L n enga ed on the large br nze ﬁgures o St J hn the B ptist, between the evite a d the g ’

a . R was In Via a o a In a a of o Ph risee ustici then living the de M rtelli, pr b bly p rt the h use of o a o a for on a of a Pier di Br cci M rtelli, the ﬁrst le f the m nuscript , in the British Museum, ha o In o of o a o a Leonardo s written . Begun in Fl rence, the h use Pier di Br cci M rtelli, 2 2nd da of a 1 08 : and t o a o o ou o a on the y M rch, 5 this is be c llecti n with t rder, dr wn o a a I a o o a a t o o In fr m m ny p pers, which h ve here c pied, h ping fterw rds put them in rder, ” M . a a o t o a o f a . . S o 2 6 their pl ces, cc rding the m tters which they tre t etc [Arundel , N 3,

r ecto. o o of a o 15 a a o fol. i . ] Only the first p rti n this m nuscript, h wever, cle n c py ; the of a o a o rest is a collection miscell ne us p pers, bel nging chiefly t o the first decade of the In Codice A tlantico ar e t wo a of a a a o 1 6th century . the dr ughts letter ddressed b ut this “ a L a a I a t o o time t o Chaumont at Mil n , in which eon rdo s ys : send S lai inf rm your E how I am a o at of a o o and how I xcellency lm st the end my litig ti n with my br thers, o t o at a E a and t o t wo i h pe be there [ Mil n] by this ster, bring with me p ctures , in which ar e t wo a o a of a o o I a for o a M d nn s v ri us dimensi ns, which h ve begun the M st Christi n y L e k o a . . t W r o Leonar d or for who a ou . R i r ar o King , ever sh ll ple se [J P ichter, y f , ’ L own ar vol. . . 0 Nos . 1 o no a o a o a e ii p 4 3 , 349 Alth ugh such p intings by e n rd s h nd now o t o o a t o a o o o of one of kn wn exist, it is yet p ssible, perh ps, tr ce the c mp siti n these In a a of a con t wo pictures . the l tter p rt the m nuscript in the British Museum, which as I a a a a of a o o of a o a a o sists, h ve lre dy s id, c llecti n miscell ne us p pers , d ting fr m the 1 6 and o o L o a o 1 08 first years of the th century, br ught t gether by e n rd in 5 , there is a of - o a o o and o two folded sheet blue silver p int p per, b und up with ther sheets , f rming

6 f l. 2 ter o n 2 ecto. M S . 0 2 o a d 6 r a of o . le ves the v lume [Arundel , N 3 , 53 g , 5 ] On the f a a In - o of a of a verse o the ﬁrst le f Is slight study silver p int the he d child, suckling ’ on r ecto of o a a of a a and oo on a a and the the sec nd le f, study child s h nd f t l rger scale ; all of a a t o a e for o o o which ppe r be prelimin ry studies, but in rev rse, the c mp siti n, ’ “ ” a of L o a o o has o o a o a L a at cert inly e n rd s inventi n, which c me d wn in the M d nn itt , ’ a o o and In a o r a a a St . Petersburgh , by Bern rdin de C nti, n the p inting, perh ps by the s me ’ o o o at a . L o a o for a of hand, in the Muse P ldi Pezz li, Mil n e n rd s study the he d the V ll a o o o Lo . a ar di Collection N o . Virgin in the s me c mp siti n, is in the uvre [ , o of of a o 1 08 The ccurrence this sheet studies in the Arundel m nuscript, f rmed in 5 , o t o o o o in o a o of a o if not p ints the c mp siti n questi n being w rk th t peri d ; , indeed, it did

for one of t wo L o a o for Lo X II . a a and serve the pictures begun by e n rd , uis in th t ye r, apparently never ﬁnished . t o a 1 08 L o a o a of After his return Mil n , in 5 e n rd rem ined there in the service the

i 1 1 2 . a a t o a i u t o his French , t ll 5 During this time , he ppe rs chieﬂy h ve given h mself p

i and a a o a . In a t o a o scient ﬁc n t mic l studies p inting, he seems h ve executed m re designs and a o o a . o a a at t e c rt ns , th n ﬁnished pictures He pr b bly p inted this time, with h help “ of a a of and . now Lo his ssist nts, the picture the Virgin Child with St Anne, in the uvre ,

N o . 1 8 o a oo now o had at o In 1 0 1 . 59 , fr m the c rt n l st, which he begun Fl rence, 5 The o of L a a a t o a o the Ro a Collec l st picture the ed , which ppe rs h ve been nce in French y l io m a a o a o t o io of his a a o t n, y ls h ve bel nged this per d c reer , but it is questi n , whether “ ” L o a o o a a oo . a X IX a e n rd himself ever executed m re th n the c rt n [Pl te ] The B cchus ,

Lo o . 1 602 a o for L o a o o a a n in the uvre, N , is n ther picture which e n rd pr b bly g ve the desig at this time the execution being carried ou t by his assistants . of o a a a o L a o o The vicissitudes p litic l events g in bliged eon rd t seek ou t a new patron . a of a o o at a of Ra a on 1 1 th 1 1 2 After the de th G st n de F ix, the b ttle venn , April, 5 , the o a o t o a a o Lo a and o o i French, in c nstern ti n, determined b nd n mb rdy in the f ll w ng June , M s imilliano s on of Lo o o l o r e- a o o o f as , the d vic , I M ro, entered Mil n under the pr tecti n L a a o and a . For a o a o a a the Sp ni rds, the P pe, the Veneti ns while e n rd rem ined in Mil n , a f i waiting for wh t the course o events m ght bring forth .

’ t o Ro a o -at He went me with the Duke Giuli n de Medici , the 40

’ s o far as t o a a L o a o a a o . man German went disp r ge e n rd s studies in n t my This , writes “ has a a o a o o n Leon ardo, hindered me in n t my, bl ming it bef re the P pe , a d likewise at the ho spital ; and he has ﬁlled this whole Belvedere with workshops for mirrors ” o and has o a am of a o o o — a and w rkmen , he d ne the s me in the ch ber M estr G i rgi , nother h o a w o a o v and L . German mech nic, ls w rked in the Bel edere , gave e onardo trouble

a at fo r B aldas ar e da a He m de this time , Messer Turini Pesci , who was a a t o o Leo a of O u r a D t ry P pe , little picture L dy with the i a and ar t : Ch ld in her rms , with inﬁnite diligence but whether o t he a of o o a o o r thr ugh f ult wh ever c vered the p nel with gess , by reason of his s o m any and capricious mixtures of grounds and _

o o now a i . ano c l urs , it is gre tly ru ned And in ther little picture he o a of a bo a and a t o a a and drew the p rtr it y , be utiful gr ceful m rvel

“ o o f ar e at da a o o of b th them the present y in Pesci , in the p ssessi n “ a Messer Giulio . It is s id that a work being given t o him _ Turini t o o a a t o o and execute by the P pe , he immedi tely beg n distil ils o t o a a o o Leo herbs , in rder m ke the v rnish ; whereup n P pe a do a for excl imed , Ah me he will never nything, he begins by n in a o o o f o thi k g b ut the end , bef re the beginning the w rk .

‘ IT t wo a for a a a da ar e n w E The p intings executed B ld ss re Turini Pescia o lost . lse a a a a G o Ro a o and o a a at Ro where, V s ri rel tes th t iuli m n designed dec r ted the vill me, n a now o as a La for a a a . a a . o the J niculum, kn wn the Vill nte , B ld ss re Turini [V s ri , ed

a o i vol. . . as o on o a o da o S ns n , v p 5 He died, the inscripti n his t mb by B cci M nte

o th a a at a o 1 at a e of 8 . lup , in e C thedr l Pesci rec rds, in 543 , the g 5

' There was great disdain between Michelangi olo Bu o nar ot t i and a o of a o o a o o him , by re s n which Michel ngi l dep rted fr m Fl rence , with o f a o a a o for the excuse the Duke Giuli n , h ving been c lled by the P pe , fo r a a f S an o a o o o o o . o the c mpetiti n the f cde L renz Le n rd , under a a a and o a st nding th t, dep rted went int Fr nce , where the King, a n a a o o was aff o a h vi g lre dy p ssessed his w rks , much ected t w rds

and a o o o a oo of . him , desired th t he sh uld c l ur the c rt n St Anne ; a was ff a o as o o . but he , his h bit , put him l ng time with w rds

a o ar r o a if A document preserved m ng the C te S t oz z ia ne at Florence , rec rds th t ’ L o a o was a a t o o o of G a o a ar a e n rd tt ched the h useh ld iuli n de Medici , fter his m ri ge 1 with Filiberta of S avoy, in J anuary, 1 5 5. of o ow a a At the beginning the f ll ing July, G iuliano set ou t from Rome with the P p l o o a a an o I a army, in rder t nticip te y designs which Francis in his descent up n t ly, a on a a and o Lo a i w s o o might h ve P rm , the ther mb rd cit es, of which Giulian o a G vern r ; , a wa a w but, falling gr vely ill by the y , Giuli no as forced t o retire t o Florence, which he

n i h 1 1 L. La o t . Diai . reached 7 July, 5 5 [ nducci, io, p no t o o a L o f G a o n There is evidence sh w th t e nardo followed in the train o iuli n , i ‘ of oﬂice of a e as . o o : for a virtue his milit ry ngineer, Dr S lmi c njectures the dr wing in “ o a a t a am r the Ambr si n a Mil n , inscribed, Portrait of M . Artus, M aster of the Ch be ’ a o o a L n b a as t o King Fr ncis which is err ne usly scribed t o eonardo, can ot e t ken . 4 2 ’ e of L o a o at of o and ' at o o a vidence e n rd s presence the meeting the P p e the King B l gn ,

E. e on i th o L onar do . f n 3 December, [ S lmi, , p I a y deﬁnite m eaning is t o a o o s b cu r e a a o a a on o a be re d int the p ss ge fr m V s ri, in questi , it must be c njectured th t of a o o a Ro the presence Michel ngi l t me, where he is known t o have been working on - ’ om of 11 . 1 1 was of L o the t b Julius in 5 5, the cause e nardo s resoluti on t o g o into

. a o o o o a n a of France Michel ngi l w uld never t ler te a y rtist real genius t o cross his path . ’ This circumstance m ay have c ontributed t o Leonardo s determin ation t o accept the 1 n service of Francis . but there ca be little doubt that the chief circumstance which led ’ o o o was a f a a t this res luti n the de th o his p tron , Giuli n o de Medici, at the abbey of

ies ole on 1 a 1 1 . L. La iar io . 60 F , 7th M rch , 5 5 [ nducci, D , pp 3 The A nonimo Gaddiano has preserved a signiﬁcant anecdote of the enmity which ” “ L o o n a a d a o o . L o a o a a one da existed between e n rd Michel ngi l e n rd , he s ys , p ssing y, o a o a da a a n a r ini in c mp ny with Gi v nni G vin , ear S nta T ta, by the bench of the Spini, where were gathered together a number of men of repu te who were disputing about a of a L o a o a a a a t . p ss ge D nte , they c lled e n rd , sking him o explain the passage t o them nd a a o o a at a and a A by ch nce Michel ngi l p ssed by th t very moment, , having been c lled ‘ ’ b one of L o a o a o o a ou y them, e n rd replied, Michel ngi l will expl in it t o y . At which a o o a had a o t o a f in Michel ngi l , thinking th t he s id it in rder m ke jest o him, replied ‘ a E a o ou who a o r a o nger, xpl in it y urself, y m de a m del fo h rse in order t o cast it in ’ o and was n ot a t o a and t o o a a a o . a br nze, ble c st it, y ur sh me b nd ned it And, h ving a t a t o and a a : and o o a o s id this, he urned his b ck them went w y at th se words Le n rd , ” ‘ h . w o a cd . . f of rem ined there, grew red [ Frey, p This is one o three anecdotes L o a o A nonimo had o ai o a d a nd W e n rd , which the fr m the p nter, Gi v nni a G vina, a hich , a t o no doubt, rel te the time when Leonardo and Michelangiolo were working together a o a oo for a a a in riv lry up n the c rt ns the S l Gr nde . L o a o a o f e n rd must h ve g ne t o France, in the service o Francis shortly after the ’ a of G a o . was a a a o and a a of de th iuli n de Medici He ssigned ye rly pensi n, the ch te u

o a o for . Cl ux ne r Amb ise, his residence L o a o at o o a a a a f a Of e n rd Cl ux, we p ssess sig nific nt picture in a p ss ge o a m nuscript, “ ’ o a a o a at a I a of o o in the Bibli tec N zi n le, N ples, entitled, The tiner ry M nsign r the very R and I o a a of a o Lo t a a in everend llustri us the C rdin l Ar g n , my rd , begu n a Ferr r , the ’ a of ou r Lo 1 1 6 n D n o o y e r rd 5 , in the month of M ay , a d described by me, o Ant ni de ” a . In o of l 1 a at Be ti the c urse his j ourney, on oth October, 1 5 6, the C rdinal, being “ o a a t o L o a a of a e Amb ise, p id visit e nardo, the Florentine, m ore th n seventy ye rs g al was o - o a of ou r a e a [in re ity he nly sixty f ur], the most excellent p inter g , in suburb ” o of the town . The writer of the Itiner ary goes on t o state that Leonardo showed t “ o i o on f a a a o o his illustri us v sit r, three pictures ; e o cert in Florentine l dy, d ne fr m ’ at a of a a a o o of . the life, the inst nce the l te M gnificent, Giuli n de Medici ; the ther St o a as a Yo M a n J hn the B ptist , ung an ; and one of the M donna a d the Child, which l ar e a a of . and all f o on a o pl ced in the p St Anne, o them m st perfect but, indeed, cc unt of a a a a a a o . o cert in p r lysis h ving seized him in the right h nd, one cann t expect m re fine

o . has a a who o things fr m him He well instructed Mil nese disciple, w rks excellently well and although the aforesaid Messer Leonardo is not able t o colour with that sweet ness which . he was w ont, nevertheless he works at making designs and giving ins t r u c t o o ti on thers . “

. a h s This gentlem n a compiled s o particular a tre atise of anatomy, with the de “ o a o a not o f a of m m nstr ti n in dr ught nly o the members, but lso the uscles, nerves , veins, ' the unctu re of an of a can a o a o o j s the intestines, d wh tever be re s ned b ut in the b dies

o of and o w h o an o o . b th men w men, in a ay that as never yet been d ne by y ther pers n All which we have seen with ou r eyes and he said that he has already dissected more ‘

a hirt . b odies on t and women of all a . has a o c th n y , between men ges He , ls , written a of a an of and o has cerning the n ture w ter, d divers machines, ther things, which he set d o an m of nd ll a o wn in endless nu ber volumes, a a in the vulg r t ngue , which, if they be ' ” 8 b : o r ﬁ l d G . Uz ielli Ricer clze . 1 2 ublis ed, will b th p o t ab e an very delectable . [ , , ed 7 v h p 0 II. . . 4, p 459 ] ” of La and La f . and . o n The pictures Our dy the Child in the p o S t Anne, the St J h 4 3 L a Yo M an r e w N 1 8 nd 1 . a s a a no o 05 a a . the B ptist, ung , in the uvre , 59 579 [Pl te XX J ’ ‘ o a of o a o at an of G a o no Ofthe p rtr it the Fl rentine l dy, d ne the inst ce iuli n de Medici , thing is known .

hav m o old a a o and At length , g bec me , he rem ined ill m nym nths , i a t o a to be i i o ﬁnd ng himself ne r de th , he wished d l gently inf rmed of a of a o c a of oo wa and o the m tters the C th li f ith, the g d y h ly a io n and a o nf and was Christi n relig , then with m ny sighs , c essed penitent ; and alth ough he was not able t o rai se himself well o n his e o o n a o f n and a fe t , supp rting himself the rms his frie ds serv nts , he e t o o o o aca n o u t o f wish d receive dev utly the m st H ly S r me t, his who o and o was u t o bed . The King, ften l vingly sed visit him , t e a a a t o . u e i o o o f. c me see h m whereup n he , r verence , h ving r is d t o i u o n an a o o f n and himself s t p n the bed , givi g cc unt his ill ess , an of o a how had o f G od? the circumst ces it, sh wed with l he f ended and an i In not a n a o d at ar t as o t o a e m k nd h vi g l b ure his , he ught h v

“ n w as a a t h n o . o o e d e Whereup n he seized with p r xysm , messe ger of a a o of the a n n and a de th , by re s n which King h vi g rise , h ving a a o t o a id and o a o t ken his he d , in rder him sh w him f v ur, in the ‘ 0 o f a a his s u ffer i n s i i knowm a h pe llevi ting g , his divine sp r t, g th t it o a no a o no i in a o f i In c uld h ve gre ter h ur, exp red the rms the K ng, h a of a the 7st ye r his g e.

has o a The story that Leonardo expired in the arms of Francis I . l ng been c lled into ’ o . I ea a a o f L o a o a ou was questi n ndeed, it seems cl r th t t the time e n rd s de th , the C rt ’ a i of o at m a - en La celebr ting the b rth the Queen s sec nd child, St . Ger in ye , where the i M o a o a L o a o a on a . t d King s gned decree I st y On the ther h nd, we kn w th t e n rd execu e

o n 2 r d 1 1 a a of o a o . o his will the 3 April, 5 9, in the ch te u Cl ux, ne r Amb ise The d cument ’ w as a a o a i o a a 2 r d itself which dr wn up by Guill ume B re u, the K ng s n t ry , is d ted 3 April, ” 1 1 8 o Ea now a a was o o E a In 1 1 8 5 , bef re ster : , in Fr nce, the ye r reck ned fr m ster, which 5

on h h I n a 2 th . fell the 4t April , but w ich n 1 5 1 9 did ot f ll till the 4 April After commend

o t o G od L o a o a o of . o ing his s ul , e n rd wills th t his b dy be buried in the church St Fl rentin , t o 1 808 o of o a a a of o and a which up sto d within the precinct the r y l ch te u Amb ise, th t o a and low a of . G o a f ur high m sses , thirty m sses St reg ry, be celebr ted in the churches of . o i and of the a a In o . St Fl rent n , St . Denis , the church Fr ncisc ns , Amb ise Next, he ’ a t o a o a of i a In a o of beque ths Messer Fr ncesc de Melzi , gentlem n M l n , remuner ti n the r a io t o a all and a of oo services g c usly rendered him in the p st, e ch the b ks which the ' a a o has a t o all o and d r au ht s or t r a ctz s id test t r present, t gether with ther instruments g [p ] ” o a n . T a a and a Vi l ni c ncerning his r t a d industry as a painter o S l i B ttista De l a s , “ ” o of o a r o a l one a of a or b th wh m he c lls se vit re , he sever l y gives h lf the g rden , vine a o a of a W had a t o Lo o o Il o o y rd, with ut the w lls Mil n , hich been gr nted him by d vic , M r .

e o o w . a of o and o o for a . T o Th n f ll number min r bequests, pr visi ns his funer ls his o a o i o a a of o a br thers , he le ves f ur hundred scud , dep sited with the Ch mberl in the h spit l " ’ of a a a a o a at o and a at o t o a o S nt M ri Nu v , Fl rence , his viney rd Fies le Fr ncesc de o and a a f o o at of a Melzi , his cl thes , the b l nce o his pensi n due t him the time his de th . — G . Uz ielli Ri er ze c c/ . 1 8 2 8 v01. . . [ , , ed 7 4, i p ’ a i s t 1 1 a F a o a o The letter, d ted June, 5 9, is ext nt, in which r ncesc de Melzi nn unces a of L o a n and and o of the de th e na rdo t o Ser G iulian o d Vi ci his brothers , inf rms them

L ona o had a and t o o a . the will which e rd m de, the bequests them which it c nt ined Melzi 44 ‘‘ m e a In a L o a o a o on 2nd M a er ly st tes it th t e n rd p ssed fr m this present life the y, with ” all o a of o o and a . o the rdin nces the H ly M ther Church , well prep red Of the presence ‘ — . i i er e 1 . l. . z ll v f ci I. at a a o G e c ck . 8 2 8 o Fr an s the de th , he s ys n thing [ U , , ed 7 4 208 l

The o of o a o v i n no o o wa all o l ss Le n rd grie ed , c mm n y, th se who had o a was an one Who had kn wn him , bec use there never y

n . s o c o o t o ai n i o of do e mu h h n ur p t ng. With the splend ur his o was o ea a c untenance, which m st b utiful , he m de serene every b o and Wo o ea or na r ken spirit ; with his rds he turned t y , y , every i B o t n h ai obstinate i ntent on . y his b dily s re gth e would restr n any violen t outburst o f anger ; and with his rig ht hand twisted h n of a o r a o o e s if i t had a . t e . iron ri g bell , h rse sh , a been le d With his liberality he used t o gather together and support every

f n ot oo and o n had and . rie d, b h p r rich , if ly he wit virtue He a o e and o o i n all a o no a e a e d rn d h n u red his cti ns , m tt r wh t d spised nd re a o for a o o a a ba b de ; which re s n Fl rence received , indeed , a In b of o a o and an o i n very gre t gift the irth Le n rd , inﬁnite l ss his a In t he ar t of a a t o a of o o de th . p inting, he dded the m nner c l ur

i n o s a C ai n o W o m . a mg il , ert bscurity, by hich the m de s h ve d a d a a a o an t o . n given gre t f rce relief their figures in st tu ry , he a oo of his i of o ar e g ve pr fs sk ll in the three figures br nze, which a o oo of S an o a on e o a the o b ve the d r Gi v nni the sid t w rds n rth , e i o v an a o R o xecute Fr ncesc ustici , but c ntrived with the o e a o ar e i of a and c uns l n rd , which the finest p eces c sting as as o a a as design , well the m st perfect th t h ve yet been seen in f o o . o a o a a a o o m dern times By Le n rd , we h ve the n t my the h rse , a f man a o at was b a o of 5 0 and th t o still m o re el b r ed . It y re s n his a a alth0u a ou far mo o m ny divine f culties , g h he l b red re by his w rds , than by that his name and fame can never be ex t in u i h d o was a a s g s e . Wheref re it thus s id in his pr i e by Messer Giovanni S tro zzi

Vince co stui pu r solo t a i a Tu ti ltri , v nce Fidi , vince Apelle , E il lor o o o o o tutto vitt ri s stu l .

If Th A n n nz a n o o o of a a a e o z o G ddza o has preserved the f ll wing descripti n his ppe r nce, I a of 1 at the time, no doubt, of his life n Fl orence, during the ﬁrst dec de the 6th century “ was of a o o o o of a and of a a a . He ﬁne pers n , well pr p rti ned, full gr ce be utiful spect o a o - o o o t o a o o a s In He w re r se c l ured tunic, sh rt the knee, lth ugh l ng g rment were then

. had a n do t o the of a a a and use He , re chi g wn middle his bre st, fine be rd, curled well ” . ed . Fr e 1 1 kept [ y, p . 5 ” o a t L and a The bronz e figures of St . J hn the B ptist be ween the evite the Ph risee , still 4 5 oo of . R o wa remain above the n orth d r the B aptistery at Florence ustici , ho d ubt, s working upon them during the six months that Le onardo was living with him at — 0 8 . and a o o 1 1 1 . Florence , in 1 5 7 They were finished pl ced in their present p siti n in 5 “ ’ E of R o o o o lsewhere, in his life ustici, Vasari states that some h ld that Le nard w rked wn a r at and on them with his o h nd, o least aided Giovanni Francesco with his counsel a r e f n oo ha goo d judgment. The st tues, which a the most per ect a d best underst d t t o o and h ave as yet been made in br nze by a m dern master, were cast in the pieces, ’ ” o i . a p olished in the h use where G ovan Francesco lived in the Via de M artelli [Vas ri ,

a o vol. . . ed. S ns ni, vi p

G iovan o o B olt r afﬁ o a a a and Ant ni , the Mil nese , very ble o was a of o a o and in a intelligent pers n , disciple Le n rd ; the ye r 1 00 a a for o f 5 , he p inted with gre t diligence the Church the o a o a of o o a a an - o o f Miseric rdi , with ut the w lls B l gn , p el picture in ils

O u r a . o a . L dy with the Child in Her Arms , St J hn the B ptist , St a a a and a o who a t o a a Seb sti n n ked, the p tr n c used it be m de , dr wn o a a a o and on o fr m the life , kneeling, truly dmir ble w rk it he wr te a a f h a o o a o . as a o his n me , c lling himself disciple Le n rd He ls a o o o at a and o m de ther w rks, b th Mil n elsewhere ; but it is en ugh

t o a a . a o here h ve n med this, which is the best And likewise M rc O ioni was one of who a a a a a a g g [ his disciples] , m de in S nt M ri dell

a at . a t e o of O u r a and a a P ce , [ Mil n , ] h Assumpti n L dy, the M rri ge a o f Cana in G lilee .

1TGiovan o o B elt rafﬁ o or B oltraﬂi o w o s a 1 6 Ant ni , , as born of n ble parent at Mil n in 4 7, - on i h 1 1 . f and died there st June, 5 6 The altar piece, painted for the church o the

o a a o o a now Lo 0. 1 1 6 . It o a not one as Miseric rdi , ne r B l gn , is in the uvre, N 9 c nt ins , a two of o o o Vasari st tes, but , ﬁgures d n rs, Girolamo and G iacomo Casio. The fresc in ’ “ ” h o a of a o o at Ro of and o o an d t em n stery S nt On fri , me , the Virgin Child with a D n r, ' o a o a o o a a a t a all of s me be utiful p rtr its in c l ured ch lks , in the Ambrosi n , a Mil n , which L o a ar e o o a t o o ar e t o a t o B elt r afﬁ o . a c mm nly ttributed e n rd , be scribed His m sterpiece

a o a a No . 2 8. is in the N ti n l G llery, 7

a o a da O ionno o a a a was o c. 1 0 M rc , c lled g g , fr m the vill ge ne r Mil n , where he b rn 47 , ' a at an a a L o ar e a at bec me e rly ag e disciple of eonardo . His best w rks in the Brer a ar e now a o a a a a a a , where preserved the p intings nce in S nt M ri dell P ce, cited by ‘ a a Mils nri . a a an a o f a o o nd An dmir ble d succinct cc unt o the Milanese imit t rs of Le nardo, a their ’ o o . a P t u es b M as ter s o t/ze . oo Cat lo ue o ic r w rks, will be f und in Mr Herbert F C k s g f y f M il n s e and allied S clzools o Lombar d h at t o f y, ex ibited the Burling n Fine Arts Club , In 1 g9g L I S T O F P L A T E S

OF K L LS IN THE LT - C OF THE TI M I. G ROUP NEE ING ANGE A AR PIE E BAP S ” T B Y D OCC O. OF CHRI S . AN REA VERR HI

a a . From the painting in the Ac demy, t Florence

“ ” L T F T B T D FOR THE OS S O . Y L D DA II. S U Y DE IGN NEP UNE EONAR O

VINCI .

a Ro a L a a W . From the dr wing in the y l ibr ry, t indsor

“ ” T OF THE . B LE NA THE DO O Y O RDO DA I . III. A RA I N MAGI VINC g' i z o a . From the painting in the Uﬂi . Phot gr ph by H oughton

“ ” DETAI L OF THE ADORATI ON OF THE MAGI . B Y LEONARDO DA

VINC I . ‘ a Uﬂi z i. From the p inting in the Photograph by H oughton .

“ S T D FOR THE CK O D OF THE DO T O OF THE M ” V. U Y BA GR UN A RA I N AGI .

B Y LEONARDO DA VINC I . ﬂi z i From the drawing in the U .

D FOR L DS C D T D 1 . B Y L O D VI . T O DA C . S U Y A AN APE, A E 473 E NAR VIN I Uﬂi z i From the drawing in the .

F R HE D F W . B L VII. T D O T O O Y O A DO DA I S U Y HEA A ARRI R E N R V NCI . a From the dr wing in the British Museum .

“ ” T. OM B Y LEONARDO DA C VIII . S JER E . VIN I . a of From the painting in the G llery the Vatican .

“ ” F ROCKS . B Y L O D D X . THE DO O THE O A I I MA NNA E NAR VINC . L From the painting in the ouvre .

“ ” HE L S T . B Y L O DO DA I C . X . T A SUPPER E NAR V N I - a a a From the wall painting in S nta M ri delle Grazie, at Milan.

I T D S FOR THE E S T T T OF A C S CO FO Z B Y X . S U IE Q UE RIAN S A UE FR N E S R A .

LEONARDO DA VINCI . W From the drawing in the Royal Library at indsor. ’ ’

X . T T F IS B LL D E T . B D A N Plate II POR RAI O A E A S E YLEONAR O D VI CI . o h l t a Lo . o o a a Fr m e dr wing in the uvre Ph t gr ph by Br un, C ement,

Cie .

“ E W ” I . TH AND LD T . . L R D II S T B Y O DO A C . X VIRGIN CHI , I H ANNE E NA VIN I

From the painting in the Louvre .

“ ” D W T T. A E X IV. THE AN LD S ND TH T S T. B Y VI RGIN CHI , I H ANNE BAP I

LEONARDA DA VINC I .

From the cartoon in the Diploma Gallery of the Royal Academy .

“ ” B Y D DA . XV. M ONNA LI S A . LEONAR O VINC I

o in L . Fr m the painting . the ouvre

“ T D F R THE D F NE F TH N TL XVI. S U Y O HEA O O O E S OLD IERS i THE BAT E ” H T D D B Y L O D DA . OF T E S AN AR . E NAR O VINC I

- From the drawing at Buda Pesth.

“ T D FOR THE DS OF TWO OF THE OLD S IN THE TTL XVII. S U Y HEA S IER BA E ” B Y L A . OF THE S TANDARD . EONARDO D VINC I

- From the drawing at Buda Pesth .

“ ” L OF T O OF THE TTL F TH T DA D . XVIII. EAR Y COPY A POR I N BA E O E S AN R n From the drawing I the British Museum .

“ ” LD O OF THE L D OF L O DO DA CI. XIX . O C PY E A E NAR VIN

Fo rmerly in the Doetsch Collection .

“ ” B Y L DO DA I T. O THE T S T. O C XX . S J HN BAP I E NAR VIN L From the painting in the ouvre .

P o o H u hto L h t . o g n . lP AT E Ill.

“ The Ad o a ion o f h M t e a i . LEON DO DA N r t g By AR VI CI . r o m the ain in in the Ufﬁ z i F P t g .

P oto H ou k ton PLAT E IV h . g .

“ De ai f th n of M i E o e A ora io the a . L ON DO DA N t l d t g By AR VI CI . o m h ain in in the Uﬂiz i Fr t e P t g .

P LAT E V II

’ B LEO NA DO DA I N I. Wan ior . S t u dy fo r t he H ead o f a y R V C

it i h M u s eu m . Fr om t he D r awing iii t he B r s

PLAT E VIII .

LE N DO DA N . e ome. O S t . J r By AR VI CI f t a ican From the Painting in the G allery o he V t .

PLAT E XI. L co S o a EON DO DA N . S tu dies for the Equ estrian S tatu e of Frances f rz . By AR VI CI Lib a a t Wi ds o From the Drawing in the Royal r ry n r.

Pﬁ oto m k B r a w l m t et Cie I g e . Cle en PLAT E XI .

' E LEO N DO DA V N . Portrait of Isabella d s te. By AR I CI in t o From the Drawing he L uvre.

PL TE XIV A .

The i in and Chi d i S t . A nne and the a is . LEON DO DA N V rg l , w th B pt t By AR VI CI . r om the C a oon in the Di oma G a e of the Ro a A dem F rt pl ll ry y l ca y .

PLAT E Xv.

LEON DO DA N Monna Lisa . . By AR VI CI h in i i he Lou e Fr om t e Pa t ng n t vr .

P LAT E XVI

’ S t u dy fo r t he Hea d o f o ne of the S old i er s in the Ba t tle O I the S tand ar d .

- V m h D r a win at u d a es th. B y LEONA R DO DA I N CI . Fr o t e g B P

P LAT E X VIII

Ea r l C o of a or t io n of t he B a t t le o f the t and ar d y py p S .

Fr o m t he D r a w in in t he r itis h M u s eu m g B .

I PLAT E X X.

“ Old Co of the Leda o f LEON DO DA N . py , AR VI CI Doe c o ec ion Formerly in the ts h C ll t .

PLAT E XX .

O DA N . t o n t he a is . LEON D S . J h B pt t By AR VI CI u e From the P ainting in the Lo vr .