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Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros-II Bryozoarios Marinhos Brasileiros-II- por Ernst Marcus (Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo) Recebido para publicação a 1-III-38. (Com 29 Estampas: 1-XX1X) A. Parte especial. Pag. I. O material e a sua proveniencia .. 3 II. Entoprocta . 5 III. Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata .. 11 IV. Ectoprocta, Ctenostomata .. ... 51 V. Notas zoogeographicas ................................. ... .. .. 60 B. Parte geral. VI. Gemmação normal e reguladora ...................... 66 VII. Polymorphismo em Hippothoidae . .... 74 VIII. Observações embryologicas ... .... 79 1. Seminação e alimentação do ovo .................. .. .. 80 2. Clivagem e formação dos folhetos germinativos .. .. 93 3. Organogénesis da larva e larvas viventes ... 99 4. Conclusões............. 111 C. Summary .. ................................................................. .. 116 D. Bibliographia . .. ................................. ......................... 124 E. Registro dos nomes dos generos e das especies . 135 F. Estampas...................................................................... ................ 138 A. Parte especial i. O material e a sua proveniencia. Conjunctamente com a minha esposa Exma. Sra. D. E v e l i n e í)U Bois-Reymond M arcus, continuei a estudar os Bryozoarios ma­ rinhos brasileiros, nomeadamente da bahía de Santos. Penhora- ram-nos e por terem colleccionado material interessante, as Senhoras D. Rosina de Barros, D. Margarida Kaufmann e D. Gertrudes Siegel e os Senhores R. L. Araujo, Dr. K. Arens, Barão Dr. O. de Fiore, Dr. O. da Fonseca, Dr. F. Rawitscher, Dr. H. Stettiner e Dr. P.. Tibiriçá. A todos elles havemos de agradecer o inte­ resse que tomaram por nosso trabalho. Ao meu amigo e muito prezado collaborador no Departamento de Zoologia, profes­ sor de Physiologia comparativa, Dr. Paulo Sawaya, devemos a parte essencial do material no qual se baseam as pesquisas do ca­ pitulo geral do trabalho presente. Agradeço além d’isso a elle e ao Snr. Michel Pedro Sawaya, licenciado em sciencias naturaes e professor de Zoologia no Collegio Universitario, por se terem en­ carregado da revisão lingüistica do meu manuscripto e da revisão das provas respectivamente. Cumpre-me, outrosim, agradecer de maneira especial aos Senhores directores do Clube de Pesca de Santos, os quaes sempre facilitaram de modo excepcional as pes­ quisas do Departamento de Zoologia na bahia de Santos. Em virtude da distribuição quasi nunca restrictamente locali- sada dos Bryozoarios marinhos, será evitada a enumeração das es­ pecies encontradas em Itanhaen, ca. de 50 km. ao sul de Santos se já tiverem sido anteriormente (Marcus, 1937) mencionadas entre as de Santos. Da bahia de Guanabara, porém, tal lista po­ derá conduzir a comparações zoogeographicas futuras. D’alli o Snr. Prof. Dr. Olympio da Fonseca nos mandou, graças á amabili- dade do meu prezado collega Dr. Flavio da Fonseca, as especies seguintes. PccIícbIIwiGs c c t t i u c v (Pall.), Cotiopgutyi T G t i o u l o j w i Scrupocellaria cornígera (Pourt.), (L) porella pungens (Can. & Bassl.), Watersipom cucullata (Bsk ) Zoobotryon pellucidum Ehrbg. O material inteiro á nossa disposição provem do litoral su­ perior. Quanto á bahia de Santos, evidentemente não estamos muito longe de conhecer a sua bryozoofauna da agua rasa, por se repetirem as especies nas varias collecções feitas ahi. Eliminada Eucratea loricata (L.) por razões expostas anteriormente (Marcus 1937, p. 32) e não contadas as variedades nos casos onde a espe­ cie typica figura nas nossas listas, o inventario das especies deno­ minadas, até agora verificadas na bahia de Santos entre 0 e 20 m. de profundidade, importa em 95. Sem duvida é um resultado agradavel em comparação com as 81 especies conhecidas da região de Woods Hole, intensamente pesquisada em todas as profundi­ dades entre 0 e 36 m. Mas, para igualar o numero de 15Q espe­ cies dos mares dinamarquezes, nem mesmo todos favoraveis para Bryozoarios por causa da salobridade do sudeste e dos fundos are­ nosos e limosos no oeste, precisamos explorar profundidades maio­ res. Para muitas especies a região continuamente batida até pelas ondas minimas e mais superficiaes não se acha habitavel; teremos de dragar estes elementos de profundidades de 20 metros para baixo. Do litoral do Rio de Janeiro temos tido na mão até agora 12 especies. Se deixarmos de lado as indicações da literatura, mais ou menos dignas de confiança quanto á exactidão do lugar de pro­ veniencia, torna-se claro que se precisa esperar augmento do ma­ terial, antes de confrontar zoogeographicamente as duas bryozoo- faunas. Tres das mencionadas 12 especies da bahia de Guana­ bara ainda não conhecemos da bahia de Santos, a saber: Scrupo- cellaria cornígera (Pourt.), Bowerbankia caudata (Hcks.) e Bus- kia socialis Hincks. Lista das especies tratadas. Entoprocta: 1 — Pedicellina cernua (P all.) 2 — Barentsia gracilis (M. S ars) 3 — Barentsia laxa Kirkp. Ectoprocta: C heilostomata A ñ a s c a : 4 — Aetea tnmcata (L andsb.) 5 — Conopeum reticulum (L.) 6 — Conopeum commensale Kirkp. & Metz. 7 — Electra ha&tingsae, nom nov. 8 — Crassimargifiatella leucocypha M arc. 9 — Steganoporella buskii H arm . 10 — Thalamoporqlla gothica (Bsk.) var. prom inens Lev. 11 — Scrupocellaria bertholletn (A ud.) 12 — Synnotum aegyptiacum (A ud.) 13 — Bugula flabella+a (J. V. Thomps.) 14 — Caulibugula armata (V err.) 15 — Membraniporella aragoi (A ud.) C heilostomata A s c o p h o r a : 16 — Catenicella contei (Aud.) 1 7 — Euteleia evelinae, gen. nov., spec. nov. 18 — Trypostega venusta (Norm.) 19 — Pasythea tulipifera (Ell. Sol.) 20 — Escharoides costifera (Osb.) 21 — Schizoporella horsti (Osb.) 22 — Hippodiplosia otto-mülleriana (Moll) var. parva, var. nov. 23 — Hippodiplosia pertusa (E sp.) 24 — Smittina trispinosa (Johnst.) var. m um ta (H cks.) 25 —. S m ittin a-species 26 —· Watersipora cucullata (Bsk.) 27 — Cellepora dichotomy Hcks. 28 — Siniopelta diota, spec. nov. C t e n o s t o m a t a : 29 — Arachnidium fibrosum Hcks. 30 — Nolella sawayai, spec. nov. 31 — Nolella dilatata (Hcks.) 32 — Nolella alta (Kirkp·.) 3 3 — Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy 34 — Mimosella vertidllata (Hell.) var. firm ata, var. nov. 3 5 — Buskia nitens Alder II. Bryozoa Ehrenberg 1831. I.a subclasse Entoprocta Nitsche 1869 *) Pedicellina cernua (Pall.) (Est. I Fig. 1). Pedicellina echinata Nitsche 1869, p. 13-31 t. 2,3. Pedicellina cernua Hincks 1880, p. 565 f. 36 & 39 t. 81 1. l-o. Pedicellina echinata Harmer 1887, p. 239 t. 21 t. 22 f. 16. Pedicellina cernua Levinsen 1894, p. 96 t. 9 f. 18-29. Pedicellina echinata Robertson 1900, p. 344. Pedicellina cernua Osburn 1912, p. 213 t. 18 f. 3. Pedicellina cernua Osburn 1914, p. 184. Pedicellina cernua Waters 1918, p. 43 (synonymia). Pedicellina cernua Kramp· 1918, p. 318. Pedicellina cernua Robertson 1921, p. 63. Pedicellina cernua Marcus 1921b, p. 118, fig. 11. Pedicellina cernua Barroso 1922, p. 88. Pedicellina cernua O’Donoghue 1926, p. 53 t. 1 i. 1,2. c 11Ttlg clareza rara até na literatura, quando se trata de introduzir uma denomi- - de uma unidade taxonomica de ordem superior, foi explicado o termo “Entoprocta”. naçao e 34| uníu sob este nome a famüia constituída pelos tres generös: Pedicellina, .Nitsche i Cori (1929 p. 2) indica “Bryozoa entoprocta” como nome usado rmr°S Nitsche mas isso não é correcto. O termo «Entoprocta” foi applicado ao grupo no sentido inalterado da descripção original em todos os livros, tanto por elles que separam , , Entoproeta dos Ectoprocta, como pelos outros que manteem os dois subd.S. da classe Bryozo, (= Polysoa). Merece porls.o adoeção ,er.l · ·- d Harmer (1931, P- 146) que considerou supérflua a nova denominação Kamptozoa propòsta°por Cori (1. c.). Dá-se, é claro, o mesmo quanto ao nome Calyssozoa, empregado por Clark (1921). O material inteiro á nossa disposição provem do litoral su­ perior. Quanto á bahia de Santos, evidentemente não estamos muito longe de conhecer a sua bryozoofauna da agua rasa, por se repetirem as especies nas varias colleeções feitas ahi. Eliminada Eucratea loricata (L.) por razões expostas anteriormente (Marcus 1937, p. 32) e não contadas as variedades nos casos onde a espe­ cie typica figura nas nossas listas, o inventario das especies deno­ minadas, até agora verificadas na bahia de Santos entre 0 e 20 m. de profundidade, importa em 95. Sem duvida é um resultado agradavel em comparação com as 81 especies conhecidas da região de Woods Hole, intensamente pesquisada em todas as profundi­ dades entre 0 e 36 m. Mas, para igualar o numero de 150 espe­ cies dos mares dinamarquezes, nem mesmo todos favoraveis para Bryozoarios por causa da salobridade do sudeste e dos fundos are­ nosos e limosos no oeste, precisamos explorar profundidade^ maio­ res. Para muitas especies a região continuamente batida até pelas ondas mínimas e mais superficiaes não se acha habitavel; teremos de dragar estes elementos de profundidades de 20 metros para baixo. Do litoral do Rio de Janeiro temos tido na mão até agora 12 especies. Se deixarmos de lado as indicações da literatura, mais ou menos dignas de confiança quanto á exactidão do lugar de pro­ veniencia, torna-se claro que se precisa esperar augmento do ma­ terial, antes de confrontar zoogeographicamente as duas bryozoo- faunas. Tres das mencionadas 12 especies da bahia de Guana­ bara ainda não conhecemos da bahia de Santos, a saber: Scrupo- cellaria cornígera (Pourt.), Boiuerbankia caudata (Hcks.) e Bus- kia socialis Hincks. Lista das especies tratadas. Entoprocta: 1 — Pedicellina cernua (P all.) 2 — Barentsia gracilis (M. S ars) 3 — Barentsia laxa Kirkp. Ectoprocta: C heilostomata A ñ a s c a : 4 — Aetea truncata (L andsb.) 5 — Conopeum reticulum (L.) 6 — Conopeum commensale Kirkp. & Metz. 7 — Electra hastingsae, nom nov. 8 — C ras simar gipatella leucocypha M arc. 9 — Steganoporella buskii H arm . 10 — Thalamoporqlla gothica (Bsk.) var. prom inens Lev. 11 — Scrupocellaria bertholletn (A ud.) 12 — Synnotum aegyptiacum (A ud.) 13 — Bugula flabellata (J. V. Thomps.) 14 — Caulibugula armata (V err.) 15 — Membraniporella aragoi (A ud.) C heilostomata A s c o p h o r a : 16 — Catenicella contei (Aud.) 17 — Euteleia evelinae, gen.
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