DOCSLIB.ORG

Vaishyas Significance of Sam Ple Vaishyas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vaishyas Significance of Sam Ple Vaishyas Chapter V I Significance Of Sample Vaishyas Significance of Sam ple Vaishyas Within tlie Vaishya Varna, there are a number of communities. The communities are based primarily on the place of origin. Within various Vaishya communities there are a number of castes and sub-castes. This point can be explained with the example of Agrawals. Agrawals are originated from Agroha, which is now in Haryana. Within Agraw'als there are 18 Gotras (sub-branches). They also have two paths namely Dassa and Bissa. Now' Agrawals are found all over India. While studying the business practices of Agrawals such differences within the community are not taken into consideration for a simple reason, the research focus is not on the sociological or anthropological issues in the Vaishyas but on their business practices. India’s geographical span is w'idespread. Naturally, there are a large number of Vaishya communities. The logic behind selecting the sample communities for this research is explained in ‘Research Methodolog}^'’. The following chapters explain the details of the 10 communities included in the research and list some of the leading businesses held by t h e m . 73 A g r a w a l s Origin In old Hindu religious texts, the references of a king n a m e d ‘Agrasen’ of Hapy’ana are found. He was the ruler of the wealthy kingdom ‘Agroha’. Agrasen was a ver\' generous and brave king who was loved and worshipped by his subjects. He is said to have introduced the concept of Samajvad (Socialism) in India. Agrascn’s children are called as Agrawals. (Earlier called as Agrabals).' Today Agroha is present about 150 k m from Delhi and is a town in Haryana state. Agroha is regarded as a place of family god by Agarwals. Beliefs and Worship The language of Agrawals is Marw'ari or Punjabi. Agarwals have accepted the languages of the regions where they have settled. Agrawals are n o w found in Hindus and Jains. Hindu Agraw'als follow Vaishnav path, i.e., they worship the Lord Vishnu and Goddess Mahalaxmi. Agrawals also worship ‘Shri Agrasenji’, the promoter of Agrawals. They also worship Naga (cobra). Agrawals have 18 Gotras (sub-branches). The>’ also have two paths namely Dassa and Bissa. The frequently 74 heard surnames of Agrawals are ‘Agarwal, Poddar, Goyal, Bansal, Mittal, Jalan, Singhania, Jindal, Patodiya, Oarg’, G o c n k a etc." Customs & Traditions Both, Hindu and Jain Agrawals follow similar customs and traditions in families. Hindu Agrawals and Jain Agrawals do arrange marriages between themselves. Agrawals are very hospitable in nature. W o m e n in their families do not work outside the house. The breadwinner in the family has to be a man. W o m e n are predominantly occupied in the household matters. Joint family system is appreciated by Agrawals. Agrawals also make philanthropy. They have a number of charitable trusts, temples, student hostels, hospitals and educational institutes. They provide excellent support to a community member when he migrates to new place. Every Agarwal at a nearby place provides him ‘one brick’ towards the construction of his shop and house and ‘one Rupee’ towards his capital. B u s i n e s s Agrawals are primarily into the textile business. M any of them also operate in the business of money lending. They 75 have migrated to all the parts of India. In the North Eastern India, many of Agrawals are in Tea business. Some of the /ell k n o w n A g a r w a l b u s i n e s s e s in India are: Jet Airways : Naresh Goyal Bharati Televenture: Sunil Mittal Gujrat Ambuja Cement: N. S. Sekhsaria Jindal Steel: P.R. Jindal Indian Express; Ramnath Goenka Ispat Indistries: P r a m o d Mittal Jindal Power: Sajjan Jindal Sterlite (India) Ltd.: Anil A g a r w a l Essel Propack: Ashok Goyal Essar Shipping: Shashi and Ravi Ruia Motherson Sumi Systems: P. K. Mittal Raymond: Vijaypat Singhania Maharashtra Seamless: D.P. Jindal Vishw'akarma Group of Institutions: Rajkumar A g a r w a l Mittal Steel: L a k s h m i Nivas Mittal Vijaynagar Steel: D. P. Jindal Sterlite Gold: Anil A g a r w a l CE A T Tyres: R.P.Goenka 76 Foodworld / Spencer’s : R.P.Goenka Noida Power Company: R.P.Goenka Zensar Software; R.P.Goenka R P G Life Sciences: R.P.Cioenka H M V Cassettes: Harsh Goenka Dunlop Tyres: Sanjeev Goenka Yash Nanotech: Goyal A g a r w a l Logistics Ltd.: D.N. A g a r w a l Tally: B h a r a t G o e n k a Besides these businesses, many small scale industries, grocer shops, textile shops, medical stores etc. are run by A g a r w a l s. ur. Liupia, Rameshwar, Vaishya Samudaya ka Itihas, Third Edition, Jan. 96. Chapter 4, p.4.6. Dr. Vyas, Kailashnath, Rajasthan kijatiyon ka samajik evam aarthik jeevan. Pub. J. Gahlot Research Foundation, Jodhpur. 1992.P 121. ' Popularly k n o w n as Roti-beti Vyavahar. 77 Arya Vaishyas Origin The Ar^^a Vaishya community is a prime Vaishya Community in the Southern part of India. It is originated from Penugonda. Today it is in Rajam.undri at Andhra Pradesh. Arya Vaishyas are also called as ‘Komattis’. In old Hindu religious texts there is a reference to a beautiful princess Parameshwari at Southern India. She refused to marr>' an old king from a neighbouring kingdom. Her 102 followers preferred to die in the holy fire rather than supporting her marriage with an old man. These 102 families are known as ‘Any^a Vaishyas’. Their language is Telugu. They have migrated to all parts of India, mainly to Maharashtra in the Vidarbha region. They are also found in Karnataka and T a m i l n a d u . Beliefs and Worship The language of the Arya Vaishyas is Telugu. Those settled in Maharashtra speak both Marathi and Telugu well. The Ary'a Vaishyas believe in the Goddess Kanyaka Vasavi Parameshwari. And the God is Vishnu, in a few families Shiva. They have 102 gotras (sub branches). Ever\' family 78 h a s a family deity like Balaji, Nrisinha, V e e r e s h w a r , Akmmadcvi' etc. Arya Vaishyas are extremely fond of gold. C u s t o m s 6g T r a d i t i o n s Ar>^a Vaishyas are very strict in religious matters. The traditions in the family are meticulously followed by the next generation. The marriages are arranged within the community only. They are vegetarians. A unique characteristic of these people is that they have accepted the customs, the language and the way of life of the state where they have migrated. Arya Vaishyas in the younger generation are educating their children, both boys and girls, to a very high level. Many of them are accepting jobs outside the family business. Unique Names and Surnames Their surnames are Chetty, Shetty or the names ending with the word Shetty. (e.g. Gangashetty, Siddhamshetty) S o m e of them use the n a m e of their native place and the word ‘Palli’ after that. (e.g. Kottapalli, Mogadpalli) In Maharashtra they use the w'ord ‘Wa r ’ after the name. (e.g. Gangashettywar, Mogadpalliwar)"' 79 Business Arya Vaishyas are traditionally into the business of money lending, gold trading and grocer>\ Many of them are in construction, jewelleiy, retail s h o p s at local level a n d ver\^ large business houses all over India and abroad. The most famous South Indian restaurant makers ‘Shettys’ are from this community"'. Some of the most famous restaurants in Pune run by Shettys are Vaishali, Rupali, Rangoli, Ganaraj, Gandharva. Some of the famous Arya Vaishya businesses; • ING Vysya Group : Now a multi national, Fortune 500 company (Rank 17, July 2005) • Sri Kanyaka Urban Co-op. Bank: Dr. Aainchwar • Zedford Bank - USA; Anant Labhshetwar • Vijaya Bank ; Annappa Shetty • Softplus : Mohan Utturwar • G a n g a Fertilizers; Vijay Bellor • Balaji Electo Smelts; Raghunath Kapartiwar > Maharashtra Arya Vaishya Youth Club Souvenir, 2003.p.34 " Gundewar, A.V., Surname & Gotra list of Arya Vaishyas.p.3 The Indian Express, 17''’ June 2003. Article by S unanda M e h t a titled ‘Shettying’ a good example. 80 B a n i a s Origin T h e histor>' of B a n i a s in India is as old as the trade in hidia. Banias are known by different names in various parts of India. In many parts of India, especially in Gujarat, Rajasthan they are known as Banias. In Punjab they are known as Mahajans. In The Northern states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar they are known as Guptas. In the North Eastern states they are known as Bawris. In Maharashtra they are k n o w n as Vanis’. Perhaps, this is the largest community in the Vaishyas. In fact, the WT)rd Vaishya has become synonymous with the word Bania. They migrated from their native place to expand the business. N e w trade routes have always been key incentives for mercantile migration. The wdves and children are left at h o m e so that males can pursue trade more aggressively. The joint family provides shelter for members left at home. Wandering traders find wherever they go support and hospitality accorded to them by their brethren guilds. Beliefs and Worship Most Banias follow Vaishnav path, i.e., they worship the Lord Shri Krishna.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE COW in the ELEVATOR an Anthropology of Wonder the COW in the ELEVATOR Tulasi Srinivas
    TULASI SRINIVAS THE COW IN THE ELEVATOR AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF WONDER THE COW IN THE ELEVATOR tulasi srinivas THE COW IN THE ELEVATOR An Anthropology of Won der Duke University Press · Durham and London · 2018 © 2018 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer ic a on acid-f ree paper ∞ Text designed by Courtney Leigh Baker Cover designed by Julienne Alexander Typeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Srinivas, Tulasi, author. Title: The cow in the elevator : an anthropology of won der / Tulasi Srinivas. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2017049281 (print) | lccn 2017055278 (ebook) isbn 9780822371922 (ebook) isbn 9780822370642 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9780822370796 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Ritual. | Religious life—H induism. | Hinduism and culture— India— Bangalore. | Bangalore (India)— Religious life and customs. | Globalization—R eligious aspects. Classification: lcc bl1226.2 (ebook) | lcc bl1226.2 .s698 2018 (print) | ddc 294.5/4— dc23 lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2017049281 Cover art: The Hindu goddess Durga during rush hour traffic. Bangalore, India, 2013. FotoFlirt / Alamy. For my wonderful mother, Rukmini Srinivas contents A Note on Translation · xi Acknowl edgments · xiii O Wonderful! · xix introduction. WONDER, CREATIVITY, AND ETHICAL LIFE IN BANGALORE · 1 Cranes in the Sky · 1 Wondering about Won der · 6 Modern Fractures · 9 Of Bangalore’s Boomtown Bourgeoisie · 13 My Guides into Won der · 16 Going Forward · 31 one. ADVENTURES IN MODERN DWELLING · 34 The Cow in the Elevator · 34 Grounded Won der · 37 And Ungrounded Won der · 39 Back to Earth · 41 Memorialized Cartography · 43 “Dead- Endu” Ganesha · 45 Earthen Prayers and Black Money · 48 Moving Marble · 51 Building Won der · 56 interlude.
    [Show full text]
  • Unpaid / Unclaimed Dividend for Fy 2018-19 Flno Paycity
    UNPAID / UNCLAIMED DIVIDEND FOR FY 2018-19 FLNO PAYCITY NAM1 NAMEEXT FHNAME ADD1 ADD2 ADD3 CITY PIN SHARESNETDVD NET MICRNOPROPIEPF 1203690000015751 A&N ISLANDS VENKATA RAMANA REDDY KOTTAPALLI 1-131 MACHAVARAM KANDUKURU PRAKASAM(DT) 0 100 800.00 800.00 47 29-OCT-2026 1202900000009985 Vadodara ASHOKBHAI RAMANBHAI PATEL AT & POST: RANOLI AT: RANOLI 0 150 1200.00 1200.00 48 29-OCT-2026 1201910100707978 VALSAD CHIMANBHAI BHAVANBHAI PATEL 1 TALAVCHORA TA CHIKHLII DI. VALSAD 0 100 800.00 800.00 50 29-OCT-2026 S0014666 NEW DELHI S KULWANT SINGH C/O ANAND FILLING STATION IRWIN ROAD NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110001 12 96.00 96.00 51 29-OCT-2026 K0011666 NEW DELHI KAMAL KISHORE RATHI 22 STOCK EXCHANGE BLDG ASAF ALI ROAD NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110001 76 608.00 608.00 52 29-OCT-2026 C0004874 NEW DELHI CITIBANK N A 124 JEEVAN BHARATHI BLDG CONNAUGHT CIRCUS NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110001 67 536.00 536.00 55 29-OCT-2026 R0006790 NEW DELHI RADHA KHANNA C/O PRITHVI RAJ KHANNA I S I CLUB CANTEEN MANAK BHAVAN 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110002 74 592.00 592.00 57 29-OCT-2026 P0005340 NEW DELHI PRITHVI RAJ KHANNA ISI CLUB CANTEEN MANAK BHAVAN 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110002 74 592.00 592.00 58 29-OCT-2026 A0008134 NEW DELHI ASUTOSH JOSHI C/O SHRI SUKH LAL JOSHI LINK HOUSE NAV BHARAT VANIJYA LTD 3 BAHADUR SHAH ZA NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110002 36 288.00 288.00 61 29-OCT-2026 N0007772 NEW DELHI NAVEEN SOOD 1815 IIND FLR UDAYCHAND MARG KATLA MUBARAKPUR NEW DELHI NEW DELHI 110003 2 16.00 16.00 62 29-OCT-2026 N0009316 NEW DELHI NAMRITA MITTAL
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions of Lala Har Dayal As an Intellectual and Revolutionary
    CONTRIBUTIONS OF LALA HAR DAYAL AS AN INTELLECTUAL AND REVOLUTIONARY ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF ^ntiat ai pijtl000pi{g IN }^ ^ HISTORY By MATT GAOR CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2007 ,,» '*^d<*'/. ' ABSTRACT India owes to Lala Har Dayal a great debt of gratitude. What he did intotality to his mother country is yet to be acknowledged properly. The paradox ridden Har Dayal - a moody idealist, intellectual, who felt an almost mystical empathy with the masses in India and America. He kept the National Independence flame burning not only in India but outside too. In 1905 he went to England for Academic pursuits. But after few years he had leave England for his revolutionary activities. He stayed in America and other European countries for 25 years and finally returned to England where he wrote three books. Har Dayal's stature was so great that its very difficult to put him under one mould. He was visionary who all through his life devoted to Boddhi sattava doctrine, rational interpretation of religions and sharing his erudite knowledge for the development of self culture. The proposed thesis seeks to examine the purpose of his returning to intellectual pursuits in England. Simultaneously the thesis also analyses the contemporary relevance of his works which had a common thread of humanism, rationalism and scientific temper. Relevance for his ideas is still alive as it was 50 years ago. He was true a patriotic who dreamed independence for his country. He was pioneer for developing science in laymen and scientific temper among youths.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2016 Jaindigest
    August 2016 JainDigest YJA Convention 2016 - Los Angeles, California JAIN DIGEST A Publication of the Federation of Jain Associations in North America (JAINA) email: [email protected] JAINA is an umbrella organization of local Jain Associations in U.S.A. and Canada. The purpose of the organization is to preserve, practice, and promote Jain Dharma and Jain Way of life. JAINA Headquarters: 722 S Main St. Milpitas, CA 95035 Tele: 510-730-0204, email: [email protected], Web: www.jaina.org JAINA Executive Committee JAIN DIGEST Editorial Team 310-721-5947 President Ashok Domadia email: [email protected] [email protected] Jain Digest Committee Chairman First VP: Gunvant Shah Mahesh Wadher [email protected] Editors Treasurer: Rita Sheth Dilip Parekh [email protected] Sanjay Bhandari Yogendra Bobra Secretory: Shobha Vora Reena Shah [email protected] Allison Bergson VP Northeast: Dr. Mamta Shaha Art and Design [email protected] Jayana Shah Rishita Dagli VP Mideast: Prakash Mehta Pooja Shah [email protected] IT Support VP Midwest: Hemant T. Shah Giriraj Jain [email protected] Advertisements VP Southeast: Rajendra Mehta Mahesh Wadher [email protected] Shobha Vora VP Southwest: Pradeep Shah [email protected] VP West: Mahesh Wadher [email protected] VP Canada: Raj Patil [email protected] Past President: Prem Jain [email protected] YJA Chair: Puja Savla On the Cover: YJA Convention 2016 Attendees [email protected] Disclosure YJA Chair: Sunny Dharod The Editorial Team endeavors to publish all the materials that are [email protected] submitted but reserves the right to reduce, revise, reject, or edit any article, letter, or abstract for clarity, space, or policy reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 15 AHIMSA TIMES
    AHIMSA TIMES - JUNE 2008 ISSUE - www.jainsamaj.org Page 1 of 15 Vol. No. 96 Print "Ahimsa Times " June, 2008 www.jainsamaj.org Board of Trustees Circulation + 80000 Copies( Jains Only ) Email: Ahimsa Foundation [email protected] New Matrimonial New Members Business Directory GOLDEN PRINCIPLES OF MAHAVIR COULD SOLVE THE PROBLEMS: HAMID ANSARI - Vice President M. Hamid Ansari met Jain Spiritual leader, founder of Sukhi Parivar Foundation Gani Rajendra Vijay and Sahitya Manishee Acharya Shrimad Vijay Virendra surijee at Vice President House to discuss about present scenario and tribal problems. While discussing on above topic Gani Rajendra Vijay told that if anybody wants to move ahead in field of spiritual practice then he has to overcome the outer world attraction. Vice President welcomed Sahitya Manishi Acharya Shrimad Vijay Virendra Suriji and Sukhi Parivar Movement founder Gani Rajendra Vijay at Vice President House, who reached Delhi by padyatra from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Gani Rajendra Vijay also said that the human values are rapidly declining despite the implementation of education system, reforms and innovative practices. Sahitya Manishi Acharya Shrimad Vijay Virendra Suriji said that Sukhi Parivar Abhiyan is a revolutionary process for maturity of thoughts, change in behaviors and all round development of the personality. It purifies the heart and the consciousness. It gives practical training of the fundamental elements of Indian ethics, culture and helps in emotional development. While responding to the ideas expressed by Gani Rajendra vijay, Vice President M. Hamid Ansari said "Today our nation needs more moral education and teaching of non violence. We want peace and harmony because there is no alternative to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty of Juridical Sciences
    FACULTY OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES COURSE:BALLB Semester –IV SUBJECT: SOCIOLOGY-III SUBJECT CODE:BAL-401 NAME OF FACULTY: DR.SHIV KUMAR TRIPATHI Lecture-21 Varna (Hinduism) Varṇa (Sanskrit: व셍ण, romanized: varṇa), a Sanskrit word with several meanings including type, order, colour or class,[1][2] was used to refer to social classes in Hindu texts like the Manusmriti.[1][3][4] These and other Hindu texts classified the society in principle into four varnas:[1][5] Brahmins: priests, scholars and teachers. Kshatriyas: rulers, warriors and administrators. [6] Vaishyas: agriculturalists and merchants. Shudras: laborers and service providers. Communities which belong to one of the four varnas or classes are called savarna or "caste Hindus". The Dalits and tribes who do not belong to any varna were called avarna.[7][8] This quadruple division is a form of social stratification, quite different from the more nuanced system Jātis which correspond to the European term "caste".[9] The varna system is discussed in Hindu texts, and understood as idealised human callings.[10][11] The concept is generally traced to the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda. The commentary on the Varna system in the Manusmriti is oft-cited.[12] Counter to these textual classifications, many Hindu texts and doctrines question and disagree with the Varna system of social classification.[13] Etymology and origins The Sanskrit term varna is derived from the root vṛ, meaning "to cover, to envelop, count, classify consider, describe or choose" (compare vṛtra).[14] The word appears
    [Show full text]
  • Manual Scavenging", Caste and Discrimination in India"
    H U M A N R I G H T S CLEANING HUMAN WASTE “Manual Scavenging,” Caste, and Discrimination in India WATCH Cleaning Human Waste “Manual Scavenging,” Caste, and Discrimination in India Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1838 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2014 978-1-62313-1838 Cleaning Human Waste: “Manual Scavenging,” Caste, and Discrimination in India Glossary .............................................................................................................................. i Summary ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Participants' Characteristics
    Appendix 1: Participants’ Characteristics Participants in Baroda, India Name Sex Age Econ Religion/ Alcohol/ Living Father/Mother Own profession Rlp status class* caste^ Smoke arrangement profession Nilesh M 25–30 M Patel NO With in-laws Business person/HM Family business LM (1 yr) Jambli F 20–24 M Brahman NO With in-laws Accountant/HM Web design LM (1 yr) Aditya M 25–30 M Gujarati Jain YES/NO Joint Business person/HM Family business AM (3 yrs) Geet F 25–30 M Kutchi Jain YES/NO Joint Business person/HM Homemaker AM (3 yrs) 164 Hiren M 25–30 UM Khadayata NO With in-laws Business person/HM Family business AM (2 yrs) Swati F 25–30 UM Patel NO With in-laws Business person/ Travel agency AM (2 yrs) Fashion designer Lena F 25–30 M Brahman NO Nuclear University Prof/ Dance teacher LM (5 yrs) Teacher – HM Priya F 20–24 M Patel NO Nuclear Shopkeeper/Teacher Student AM (6 mths) Tarun M 25–30 M Patel NO Nuclear Teacher/HM Pharmacist AM (3 mths) Krishna M 20–24 LMi Sindi NO Nuclear Purchase Officer/HM Student S (Father) Durish M 20–24 M Lohana YES/NO Joint family Business person/HM Student R (4 mths) Toni M 25–30 UM Leva Patil YES Nuclear family Business person/HM Family business S Rahul M 20–24 UM Jain YES/NO Nuclear family Business person/HM Family business S Nirali F 20–24 M Leva Patil NO Joint family Civil Servant/Clerk Student nurse S Muktha F 20–24 M Tailor NO Hostel Tailor/Tailor – HM Student S Kareena F 25–30 UM Jain NO Flat Doctor/Doctor Bank S Rekha F 20–24 LMi Muslim NO Nuclear Teacher/HM Student S Ismaili family Seeta F 20–24 LMi Leva Patil NO PGH/Flat Blue collar Unemployed/ R (1 yr) worker/HM Student *Economic class based on my own judgement, includes type of house (bungalow, flat, area), cars/motorbike and travel abroad M = Middle UM = Upper middle LMi = Lower middle.
    [Show full text]
  • Varṇa System in Ancient India
    Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, India Varṇa System in Ancient India Dr. Subhash Chandra Assistant Professor Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Email: [email protected] Web: http://sanskrit.du.ac.in/faculty/subhash.html Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, India In this lecture…… . Varna System . Origin of the Varna System . Theories of Origin of Varna System . Development of Varna System . Traditional Varna and Their Duties (Dharma) Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, India Varna System Varṇa (वर्ण) is a Sanskrit word which means type, order, colour or class. The term refers to social classes It classified the society. Varna is the base of the Social Division in Hindu Society to Perform the Various duties and Task of the Society. It was a system to distributes the work to manage the society. Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, India Varna System According the Ancient Indian Sanskrit Texts Hindu the society was distributed into four Varnas. Four varnas ware Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. Earlier this division was based on duties and task. But later is was considered based on birth. Finally in Mahabharata and Ramayana Periods both types (based on duties and by birth) were considered by the society. Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, India Varna System The major objective of the Varna system was to perform the assigned duties and responsibilities and grow the society without any animosity. Verna System is a sociological system of Ancient India. Verna System is a sociological system of Ancient India. By the Varna System human grow the family, group, society and country by the performing the assigned tasks and responsibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caste System
    THE CASTE SYSTEM DR. DINESH VYAS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY MAHATMA GANDHI CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR DEFINITION MAZUMDAR & MADAN – 'CASTE IS A CLOSED CLASS’ CHARLES COOLE – "WHEN A CLASS IS SOMEWHAT STRICTLY HEREDITARY, WE MAY CALL IT A CASTE.” GHURAY – 'CASTE IS THE BRAHMIN CHILD OF THE INDO-ARJUN CULTURE, CRADLED IN THE GANGES & YAMUNA & THEN TRANSFERRED IN OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY'. WHAT IS THE CASTE SYSTEM? • INDIAN SOCIETY DEVELOPED INTO A COMPLEX SYSTEM BASED ON CLASS AND CASTE • CASTE IS BASED ON THE IDEA THAT THERE ARE SEPARATE KINDS OF HUMANS • HIGHER-CASTE PEOPLE CONSIDER THEMSELVES PURER (CLOSER TO MOKSHA) THAN LOWER- CASTE PEOPLE. • THE FOUR VARNA —BRAHMAN, KSHATRIYA, VAISHYA, AND SUDRA—ARE THE CLASSICAL FOUR DIVISIONS OF HINDU SOCIETY. IN PRACTICE, HOWEVER, THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN MANY SUBDIVISIONS (J'ATIS) OF THESE CASTES. • THERE ARE FIVE DIFFERENT LEVELS IN THE INDIAN CASTE SYSTEM:- BRAHMAN, KSHATRIYA, VAISHYA, SHRUJRA, AND, HARIJANS. BENEFIT OF THE CASTE SYSTEM: • EACH CASTE HAS AN OCCUPATION(S) AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE GOOD OF THE WHOLE • JAJMAN—GIVES GIFT (LANDLORD) • KAMIN—GIVES SERVICE TO THE LANDHOLDER (LOWER CASTES) CASTE SYSTEM IS A KINSHIP SYSTEM; • A CASTE (VARNA) IS AN INTERMARRYING GROUP • KINSHIP; HEREDITARY MEMBERSHIP • A CASTE EATS TOGETHER • A HIGH-CASTE BRAHMIN DOES NOT EAT WITH SOMEONE OF A LOWER CASTE; DIFFERENT DIETS FOR DIFFERENT CASTES • DIVIDED BY OCCUPATION: PRIEST, WARRIOR, MERCHANT, PEASANT LEGAL STATUS, RIGHTS BASED ON CASTE MEMBERSHIP ORIGINS OF THE CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA • NO COMMONLY APPROVED ORIGIN/HISTORY THAT EXPLAINS THE FORMATION OF INDIAN CASTE SYSTEM. • COMMON BELIEF: THE CASTE SYSTEM WAS FORMED DURING THE PERIOD OF MIGRATION OF INDO-ARYANS TO THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity-Based Conflict and the Role of Print Media in the Pahadi Community of Contemporary Nepal Sunil Kumar Pokhrel Kennesaw State University
    Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 7-2015 Identity-Based Conflict and the Role of Print Media in the Pahadi Community of Contemporary Nepal Sunil Kumar Pokhrel Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the International and Area Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Pokhrel, Sunil Kumar, "Identity-Based Conflict and the Role of Print Media in the Pahadi Community of Contemporary Nepal" (2015). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 673. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IDENTITY-BASED CONFLICT AND PRINT MEDIA IDENTITY-BASED CONFLICT AND THE ROLE OF PRINT MEDIA IN THE PAHADI COMMUNITY OF CONTEMPORARY NEPAL by SUNIL KUMAR POKHREL A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Conflict Management in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia March 2015 IDENTITY-BASED CONFLICT AND PRINT MEDIA © 2015 Sunil Kumar Pokhrel ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Recommended Citation Pokhrel, S. K. (2015). Identity-based conflict and the role of print media in the Pahadi community of contemporary Nepal. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America. IDENTITY-BASED CONFLICT AND PRINT MEDIA DEDICATION My mother and father, who encouraged me toward higher study, My wife, who always supported me in all difficult circumstances, and My sons, who trusted me during my PhD studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian and African Civilizations: Course Description, Topical Outline, and Sample Unit. INSTITUTION Columbia Univ., New York, NY
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 174 SO 028 555 AUTHOR Beaton, Richard A. TITLE Asian and African Civilizations: Course Description, Topical Outline, and Sample Unit. INSTITUTION Columbia Univ., New York, NY. Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Center for Independent School Education. PUB DATE 1995-00-00 NOTE 294p.; Photographs and illustrations may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROM Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Center for Independent School Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 125, New York, NY, 10027. PUB TYPE Dissertations/Theses Practicum Papers (043) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC12 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Studies; *Asian Studies; Course Content; *Course Descriptions; Ethnic Groups; Foreign Countries; *Indians; Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies; World History IDENTIFIERS Africa; Asia; India ABSTRACT This paper provides a skeleton of a one-year course in Asian and African civilizations intended for upper school students. The curricular package consists of four parts. The first part deals with the basic shape and content of the course as envisioned. The remaining three parts develop a specific unit on classical India with a series of teacher notes, a set of student readings that can be used according to individual needs, and a prose narrative of content with suggestions for extension and inclusion. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be z:Lad *s from the original document.
    [Show full text]