DOCSLIB.ORG

Managing Insect Pests in Northwest Conifer Seed Orchards

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Managing Insect Pests in Northwest Conifer Seed Orchards MANAGING INSECT PESTS IN NORTHWEST Where are we now and what does the CONIFER SEED ORCHARDS future hold? MANAGING INSECT PESTS IN NORTHWEST CONIFER SEED ORCHARDS Where are we now? What does the future hold? . 2016 NWSOMA Survey results: .Potential climate change impacts . Pests . 2016 NWSOMA Survey results: . Suppression . Concerns . Insect pest review . IPM tools WHERE ARE WE NOW? SURVEY: DAMAGING INSECTS SURVEY: DAMAGING INSECTS Other (one or two responses) Cone and Seed Tree .Cydia sp. (pine seedworm) .Bark beetles in ponderosa pine .Larch cone adelgid .Douglas-fir budmoth .Noble fir cone and seed insects .DF twig weevil .Port-Orford-cedar cone gall midge .European pine shoot moth .Strobilomyia spp. in larch .Hemlock woolly adelgid .Unknown seed midge in larch .Pine leaf adelgid .Spruce gall adelgids .Ten-lined June beetle .Western cedar bark beetle .Western spruce budworm SURVEY: DAMAGING DISEASES SURVEY: INSECT DAMAGE SEVERITY SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: CONTROL Table 1: Number of responses for insecticides used by pest during the past 5 years Lambda- Safer's Dormant Esfenvalerate Imidacloprid Spinosad Dimethoate Btk Permethrin Spirotetramat None cyhalothrin Soap Oil DFCG midge 9 4 4 1 1 11 Coneworms 7 1 10 3 7 DF seed chalcid 6 1 1 14 WRC cone midge 3 1 13 WC seed bug 4 1 3 1 10 DF cone moth 3 12 Pine cone beetles 2 14 Cambium feeders 14 DF twig weevil 15 Needle midges 15 Woolly adelgids 1 2 1 12 POC cone gall midge 1 N/A Cydia spp. 1 N/A 1, 2, 3 = added from comments SURVEY: CONTROL SURVEY: MOST CRITICAL CONCERN OR PROBLEM Table 2. Most critical concern or problem. Pest Treatment Timing Insecticides Non-Insecticidal Treatments Damage Critical Issue Loss of insecticide usefulness due Port-Orford-cedar Timing of first spray Non-insecticidal treatments for to increased restrictions and lack Seed loss None (3) cone gall midge application cone beetles and seed bugs of proven alternatives Adjusting monitoring for Difficulties and costs of insecticide Lack of control methods other Dioryctria in fir (3) spray decisions to synch treatments than insecticides with earlier phenologies European pine Spray timing to control Neighbor relations and past shoot moth in Dioryctria before cone management protocol dictate no Interior lodgepole harvest aerial or ground insecticide use Douglas-fir cone Finding insecticides that are safe Determining application gall midge on BC to use within 30 days of cone timing coast harvest Determining if there will be Development of insect resistance Cone beetle (2) a problem and how to time to the pesticides used to treat sprays/treatments cone insects. Lack of available registered Cydia spp. insecticides for Cydia spp. Adelgid and needle Availability of safe effective disease issues are insecticides difficult to treat CONEWORMS Larvae - brown head capsules, Dioryctria spp. amber to greenish bodies; older larvae about an inch long Hosts: Douglas-fir, spruce, true fir, pine. with rows of dorso- lateral spots. Photo: Don Manastyrski One year life cycle with overlapping generations, so larvae Damaged cones of all sizes may be have large holes found in cones. and abundant coarse frass on the outside. Photo: Roger Sandquist CONEWORMS Management Pheromone Monitoring – for Dioryctria spp. first male capture. Larval Damage Monitoring – begin 2 weeks after first male capture for damage initiation and infestation rates. Insecticide applications – early June (esfenvalerate, dimethoate, 1-2 applications) Mechanical – Physical exclusion by bagging cones can reduce losses. One larva can destroy an Sanitation – Clean picking entire cone. young orchards can delay insecticide use. CAMBIUM FEEDERS Synanthedon spp., Dioryctria spp. Cambium feeding pitch moths (top center) and Dioryctria spp. Photo: Ward Strong (bottom center) are lighter in color than the cone feeding Dioryctria (bottom left). Management Photo: Terry Tuttle Insecticide applications – apply after banding. Mechanical – Physically remove larvae from trunk. Photo: Don Manastyrski CONEWORMS Dioryctria spp. Registered pesticides for Christmas tree (Douglas-fir) in OR and WA .Carbaryl (Sevin and others) (Group 1) .Esfenvalerate (Asana XL and others)-Restricted use pesticide. (Group 3) .Permethrin (Perm-up 3.2 and others)-Restricted use pesticide. (Group 3) .Phosmet (Imidan 70W) (Group 1) .Spinosad (Conserve, Entrust, Success and others)-Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic production. (Group 5) PNW Handbooks CONE BEETLES Conophthorus ponderosae Hosts: Western white, sugar, lodgepole, ponderosa, Jeffrey, and lodgepole pines • Attacked second year cones often Photo by Steven Katovich have distinct pitch tubes at the site of beetles’ entrance holes. • Look for adult beetles or powdery frass and cone contents inside stunted cones. • Adults are 3 to 4 mm long, shiny black, and cylindrical. • Dead cones falling from trees in mid-summer are a good indication of infestation. Photo by Sandy Kegley CONE BEETLES Management Pheromone Monitoring – early detection and monitoring. • Larvae feed on seeds and cone tissue pulverizing cone contents to a Cone monitoring – for small fine powder. pitch tubes; bisect fallen cones to confirm beetle presence. • Cone beetles can destroy 90% or more of western white pine cone Insecticide applications – crops . early June (esfenvalerate, • Cleaning up and removing aborted, dimethoate, 1-2 applications) infested cones reduces populations. Mechanical – Physical exclusion by bagging second year cones can reduce losses. Sanitation – Raking and burning all infested cones during the summer months can provide good protection but Photos by Sandy Kegley may not be feasible. DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE Contarinia oregonensis Host: Douglas-fir • Larvae form galls that fuse seeds to scales. • Larval feeding can also restrict seed development, even if seed is not fused. • Severe infestations can destroy all seed in a cone and cause nearly 100% crop loss. DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE Contarinia oregonensis Identification •Browning cone scales and premature cone death. •Seeds adhered to scales. Photo courtesy of Roger Sandquist •Swollen galls along cone axes. •Tiny, pink to orange, U- shaped larvae in galls beneath adhered seed. Photo courtesy of Roger Sandquist Photo by Elizabeth Willhite DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE Contarinia oregonensis Management (Option 1) Target life stage – adult Pheromone Monitoring – For timing insecticide spray applications. Insecticide Application -(Esfenvalerate, TM Asana ) Photo courtesy of Dave Overhulser 70 100 Upright Cones Upright Cones 60 Female Midge Female Midge Male Midge 80 Male Midge All Midge 50 All Midge 60 40 30 40 20 20 10 Mean Number of Midge per Tree per of Number Midge Mean Mean Number of Midge per Tree of Number Midge Mean 0 0 Mean Percent Upright Cones per Tree or Tree or per Cones Upright Percent Mean Mean Percent Upright Cones per Tree or per Tree Cones Upright Percent Mean 4-Apr 6-Apr 8-Apr 11-Apr 13-Apr 15-Apr 18-Apr 21-Apr 25-Apr 13-Mar 17-Mar 21-Mar 24-Mar 28-Mar 31-Mar 3-Apr 5-Apr 7-Apr 10-Apr 12-Apr 14-Apr 17-Apr Date Date DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE Contarinia oregonensis Management (Option 2) Target life stage – larva Insecticide Application –Trunk injection with imidicloprid (Imicide, Imajet) Pheromone – “Attract and Kill” Sanitation – Clean picking when orchards are young can delay use of insecticides. From www.childsarborists.com/id6html WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG Leptoglossus occidentalis Hosts: Wide host range includes Douglas-fir, pines, various other conifers •Causes substatial losses in seed orchards. •Adults and nymphs suck out seed endosperm, causing abortion and infertility. •Greater impacts on pines than on Douglas-fir, true firs or spruces Photo by Mohammed El Damir, Bugwood.org WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG Leptoglossus occidentalis Monitoring - Conduct regular seed bug surveys. -20 minute walk-through (not that effective). -Try branch-tugging with a hook on a pole and count seed bugs that fly away . -100 large lateral branches on the sunny side. Photo by Elizabeth Willhite -Warm- day; mid-day when seed bugs are active. WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG Leptoglossus occidentalis Management Insecticide applications – Synthetic pyrethroids, e.g. esfenvalerate (AsanaTM); Photo by Sandy Kegley permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin (Matador); Dimethoate; Spinosad. Mechanical – Physical exclusion by bagging cones. Photo by Isabelle Labouc DOUGLAS-FIR SEED CHALCID Megastigmus spermotrophus Host: Douglas-fir Biology Females lay eggs in both fertilized and unfertilized seed. Larval presence prevents abortion and induces seed storage reserves to form like they would if the seed were fertilized (Chiwocha et. al 2006). DOUGLAS-FIR SEED CHALCID Megastigmus spermotrophus Management Insecticide applications – e.g. Synthetic pyrethroids Female Adult Monitoring – To predict damage and time insecticide applications. Gold Rebell sticky panels (carrot rust fly traps) (Niwa 1995) Mechanical – Physical exclusion by bagging cones CEDAR CONE MIDGES Mayetiola thujae, Janetiella siskiyou Hosts: M. thujae: Western redcedar J. siskiyou: Port-Orford-cedar Management Egg monitoring – February, March Insecticide application - (Dimethoate, esfenvalerate) timed to early oviposition period (often around first two weeks in March in mid-Willamette Valley) Temperature monitoring – January, February MONITORING SYSTEMS .DFCGM – pheromone trapping - detection and spray timing .DF seed chalcid – sticky traps - detection and spray timing .Coneworms – pheromone trapping –
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nuisance Home Invader Pests
    NUISANCE HOME INVADER PESTS Ann Hazelrigg, Ph.D. and Gabriella Maia, M.S. - UVM Plant Diagnostic Clinic February 2018 Every winter and spring we receive many calls, emails and samples in the Plant Diagnostic Clinic regarding insects that have invaded homes. There are typically four different insect home invaders we see in Vermont and none of them breed in the house or cause any damage to humans, pets, food items or structures. These nuisance pests commonly invade warm homes in the late fall looking for a protected place to overwinter and hibernate. WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG (Leptoglossus occidentalis) BugGuide.Net https://bugguide.net/user/view/28 Tony DiTerlizzi http://www.diterlizzi.com/ The largest of the four pests is the western conifer seed bug (WCSB). This insect feeds primarily on the seeds and developing cones of several species of conifers and their respective hybrids. These true bugs in the order Hemiptera have been expanding their range eastward and it currently extends across the northern US into Canada. Adults are about 3/4 inch long, brownish in color with alternating light and dark bands running along the outer wing edges on the sides of their abdomen. The lower hind leg is widened on each side of the leg and looks like a tiny leaf has been attached. The insects move slowly but can fly and often make buzzing sounds when airborne. WCSB will give off a pungent odor if you handle them. With cold weather, adult western conifer seed bugs search for protected sites to overwinter and therefore become annoyances in and around houses.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Conifer Seed Bug an Unwanted House Guest
    Western Conifer Seed Bug: An Unwanted House Guest The Western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) has become a nuisance pest to some New York residents. The bug has the habit of entering buildings at the onset of cold weather in the late summer or early fall as it seeks a protected site to spend the winter. These bugs do not bite or sting, nor do they cause damage to the home. They will, however, give off a pungent odor if you handle them, which is part of the insect's defensive strategy. They also may make a buzzing sound when flying. Description: The western conifer seed bug belongs to the family Coreidae, commonly called leaf-footed bugs, and like many members of this family, it has a flattened, leaf- like expansion on the hind legs. The adult is about 3/4 inch (16-20 mm) in length and is dull brownish. There is a faint white zigzag stripe across the midpoint of its upper surface. When the insect takes flight, it lifts the wings to reveal bright yellowish orange areas on its back. These bugs use piercing-sucking mouthparts to pierce the scales of conifer seeds and suck out the seed pulp. The list of host plants includes white pine, red pine, Scotch pine, Austrian pine, mugo pine, white spruce, Douglas fir and hemlock. Often these trees are planted or are growing near homes, and if that is the case, the bugs may seek the Fig. 1. An adult western conifer seed bug. Note the arrows nearby buildings as an overwintering site.
    [Show full text]
  • An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?
    Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2017, 17 (3): 531-542 Research Note IFS 2016, Special Issue Doi:10.17475/kastorman.292220 An invasive species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) how does it affect forestry activities? Salih PARLAK Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Bursa, TURKEY [email protected] Received Date: 14.02.2017 Accepted Date: 09.06.2017 Abstract Aim of study: Leptoglossus occidentalis which is first identified by Heidemann at North America in 1910 spread quickly after WW II. Although it was first seen in 1999 in Europe has swept the continent in 10 years. First damage observation in Turkey reported in Kozak Basin of Bergama on cones of stone pine trees which has valuable edible seeds. The seed yield loss started in 2005 and reached to a peak in 2009. In addition to high early age conelet loss, rate of emptiness of cones has sometimes reached to 90 %. The bug causes decrement in seed formation and seed germination ability significantly by causing early stage conelet loss and destroying endosperm parts of mature cones. In respect of forestry activities decrement of seed resources caused due to bug damage will have negative impact on natural regeneration activities in Turkey and probably will end in failure. In this study, it was aimed to determine the severity of damage caused by the collecting of cone samples from the stone pine forests in our country. Area of study: Without making any discrimination either planted or natural or any altitude or any aspect, stone pine cones have been collected from 42 localities which are distributed all around Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Cone and Seed Insects of Southwestern White Pine Daniel E
    Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 189 March 2020 U.S. D ep ar t ment of Ag r ic u lture • Forest S er v ice Cone and Seed Insects of Southwestern White Pine Daniel E. DePinte1, Kristen M. Waring2, and Monica L. Gaylord3 Introduction Southwestern white pine, Pinus stro­ biformis Engelm. (SWWP), like other western pines, has a guild of insect spe­ cies that feed on its cones and seeds. Those described here are the most commonly observed pests with a his­ tory of causing damage to SWWP cone and seed production. They are taxo­ nomically diverse, and include species of Hemiptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Host Distribution Southwestern white pine is a five- needled pine found throughout Figure 1. Distribution of southwestern white mixed conifer forests of the American pine in U.S. and Mexico (Shirk et al 2018). Southwest and Sierra Madre Occidental It is a major source of sustenance Mountains of Mexico (Figure 1). In for wildlife with its relatively large, the United States SWWP typically nutrient rich seeds. SWWP has been co-occurs with other species; very known to hybridize with limber pine rarely occurring as a pure stand at (P. flexilis). SWWP is also susceptible elevations from 7,000 to 10,000 feet to the non-native invasive pathogen, above sea level. It plays a critical role Cronartium ribicola (J. C. Fisch), which in early seral stages of forest succes­ causes white pine blister rust. When a sion and is a vital component of mixed SWWP tree is approximately 15 years conifer forest types.
    [Show full text]
  • Leptoglossus Occidentalis Damages on Stone Pine Female Reproductive Structures
    Leptoglossus occidentalis damages on stone pine female reproductive structures Pimpao M., Valdiviesso T., Trindade C.S., Naves P., Sousa E. in Carrasquinho I. (ed.), Correia A.C. (ed.), Mutke S. (ed.). Mediterranean pine nuts from forests and plantations Zaragoza : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 122 2017 pages 85-89 Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=00007246 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To cite this article / Pour citer cet article -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pimpao M., Valdiviesso T., Trindade C.S., Naves P., Sousa E. Leptoglossus occidentalis damages on stone pine female reproductive structures. In : Carrasquinho I. (ed.), Correia A.C. (ed.), Mutke S. (ed.). Mediterranean pine nuts from forests and plantations. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, 2017. p. 85-89 (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 122) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of Leptoglossus Occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic
    Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 43, No. 4: 165–168 NEW AND UNUSUAL REPORTS First Records of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic Jakub BERÁNEK Section Harmful Organisms – Unit of Plant Protection Methods, State Phytosanitary Administration, Brno, Czech Republic Abstract Beránek J. (2007): First records of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic. Plant Protect. Sci., 43: 165–168. In the autumn of 2006 and summer 2007 the coreid species Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 was detected in the Czech Republic for the first time as a new alien insect species. It is native to North America, where it causes important seed losses on coniferous trees, especially pines. From Europe it is known since the end of the last century, when it was introduced to Italy. Its repeated finding could indicate a vital population of this species in the Czech Republic, not only introduced individuals. Keywords: Hemiptera; western conifer seed bug; seed losses; coniferous trees Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, was probably introduced from North America (Tes- known as the leaf-footed bug or the western coni- cari 2001). The first European record was followed fer seed bug, is considered a severe pest for seed by rapid spread of this species to further localities orchards of conifers. It is a native species of the in Italy and other countries (Bernardinelli & western areas of North America, from Mexico in Zandigiacomo 2001a, 2002; Tescari 2001, 2003). the south to British Columbia of Canada in the In 2002 it was also collected in southern Switzerland north (McPherson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Damage to Common Plumbing Materials Caused by Overwintering Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
    492 Damage to common plumbing materials caused by overwintering Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Sarah L. Bates1 Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456, United States of America Bates496 The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus Several factors suggested that L. occidentalis occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae), may have caused the holes. First, all partial is a polyphagous pest of coniferous trees holes began at the outer surface of the pipe and (Hedlin et al. 1981). Native to western North extended inward, indicating that the holes were America, the seed bug has expanded its range initiated from the outer surface. Second, the di- to include eastern Canada and the United States ameter of the holes was consistent with the di- (McPherson et al. 1990; Gall 1992; Marshall ameter of seed bug stylets (approximately 1992; Ridge-O’Connor 2001; Bates 2002) and 30 µm) (PEX is elastic, hence any observed was recently introduced into Europe (Taylor et hole is expected to be smaller than the caus- al. 2001). Both adults and nymphs feed by in- ative agent). Third, no holes or similar damage serting their stylets into cones and digesting the were observed in PEX pipe located in subfloors contents of developing seeds, and they can or other sealed areas that were inaccessible to cause serious economic losses in high-value seed overwintering bugs. orchards (Strong et al. 2001; Bates et al. 2002; To determine whether L. occidentalis can Bates and Borden 2005). In late summer and damage PEX tubing, adult seed bugs were col- early fall, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019
    Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 Colorado Coalition Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter November 2019 identified the mushrooms as being non-toxic. This Inside this issue: interaction served as a reminder of how little most • Partner Spotlight: The Fungus people know about fungi. There is, however, much to Among Us discover. • School District Spotlight: IPM in Fungi have been around Child Care Centers Webinar for 1.3 billion years, but • Featured Bug of the Month: we are just beginning to discover many of their Kissing Bugs benefits. Aside from • Current Pests being a culinary treat, certain fungi are key elements in restoring ecosystems and allies in Turkey tail fungus (Trametes helping farmers protect versicolor) helping to break down valuable agricultural a fallen tree. crops. Colorado Coalition for School Photo: National Park Service IPM Agency Partner Spotlight: Research indicates that fungi have potential applications in pollution The Fungus Among Us remediation through a process known as mycoremediation. That is the use of fungi to break The Fungus Among Us - Restoring Ecosystems and down or remove a range of contaminants, including Controlling Pests oils and toxic chemicals, from the environment. This By Marcia Anderson, PhD form of biological remediation can filter toxins from stormwater runoff and help clean up industrial oil Remember walking spills. through the forest and seeing mushrooms, the According to research, these fungi may be able to reproductive structure of a remove or detoxify chemicals, such as polycyclic fungus, growing on rotting aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, tree trunks or decaying petroleum compounds, and heavy metals like woodchips? One of the mercury and lead.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Greece
    ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 20 (2011): 83-93 First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Greece P.V. PETRAKIS N.AG.RE.F., Institute for Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem Research, Laboratory of Entomology, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Nearctic coreid Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann 1910 (Hemiptera: Coreidae) known as the Western Conifer Seed Bug, is recorded for the first time in Greece. This highly dispersible species is well established in Europe and was collected by the authors in various areas of continental Greece (Central Evia, Attica and North Peloponnisos), suggesting a wide distribution in this country. KEYWORDS: Leptoglossus occidentalis, distribution, invasive species. Introduction even whole plant material such as Christmas trees (Mitchell 2000). The species Leptoglossus occidentalis Adults of the insect are large (circa 17 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) was described for mm [15 mm – 20 m]) and have characteristic the first time by Heidemann (1910) in leaflike expansions on metatibias. A California. The genus is distributed in the diagnostic feature of the species is a light Nearctic and Neotropical Region and zigzag ‘W’ mark in the center of the consists of 54 species. The native range of forewings next to the basal part of this species extends from Mexico and membrane. The color of imagoes is light California in the south to British Columbia, brown or reddish-brown, and in some Alberta, and Saskatchewan (Heidemann individuals dirty grayish brown. The first 1910, Torre-Bueno 1941, Koerber 1963, antenomere is thicker than the rest, slightly Brailovsky and Sánchez 1983, Froeschner curved, yellowish-brown with a black 1988, McPherson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact and Ecological Adaptation of Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae) on Pinus Pinea
    Impact and ecological adaptation of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae) on Pinus pinea Ana Cristina Oliveira Farinha Scientific Advisors Supervisor: Ph.D. Manuela Rodrigues Branco Simões Co-supervisor: Ph.D Edmundo Rodrigues de Sousa Co-supervisor: Ph.D. Alain Roques Thesis presented to obtain the Doctor degree in Forestry Engineering and Natural Resources Programa de doutoramento FCT (Sustainable Forests and Products, SUSFOR) 2019 Page 1 of 164 Impact and ecological adaptation of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae) on Pinus pinea Ana Cristina Oliveira Farinha Scientific Advisors: Supervisor: Ph.D. Manuela Rodrigues Branco Simões Co-supervisor: Ph.D Edmundo Rodrigues de Sousa Co-supervisor: Ph.D. Alain Roques THESIS PRESENTED TO OBTAIN THE DOCTOR DEGREE IN FORESTRY ENGINEERING AND NATURAL RESOURCES Jury members President: Ph.D Mª Margarida Tomé Full professor Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Ph.D. Andrea BATTISTI Full Professor Università Degli Studi di Padova, Itália Ph.D. António Marques MEXIA Full professor Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Ph.D. Manuela Rodrigues BRANCO Assistant professor with aggregation Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa (supervisor) Ph.D. Maria Isabel CARRASQUINHO Assistant researcher Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária. Funding instituition: Doctoral Program FCT (Sustainable Forests and Products, SUSFOR) Doctoral scholarship ref. PD/BD/52403/2013 2019 Page 2 of 164 À Cátia e à pequena Catarina Somos todas
    [Show full text]
  • Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) Is an Invasive Insect Species
    Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 2012, Cilt: 14,Sayı: 21, 56-61 ISSN: 1302-0943 EISSN: 1308-5875 LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS (HEIDEMANN, 1910) IS AN INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES Erdem HIZAL1*, Muhittin İNAN2 1) Istanbul Univesity, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Entomology and Protection 2) Istanbul Univesity, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Surveying and Cadastre * Correspending Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), is an invasive alien species of North American origin. In Europe, it was first collected in Italy in 1999. From there, it quickly expanded its range to western and eastern Europe. Leptoglossus occidentalis was recorded for the first time in Sariyer-Istanbul, Turkey in 2009. Leptoglossus occidentalis is specialised to conifers. In this study gives Leptoglossus occidentalis morphology, distribution and host plants, economic importance. Keywords: Leptoglossus occidentalis, insect, invasive İSTİLACI BİR BÖCEK TÜRÜ LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS (HEIDEMANN, 1910) ÖZET Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Kuzey Amerika orijinli istilacı yabancı bir böcek türüdür. Avrupa’da ilk defa 1999 yılında İtalya’da görülmüştür. Daha sonra hızla doğu ve batı Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır. Türkiye’de 2009 yılında Sarıyer-İstanbul’da tespit edilmiştir. İğne yapraklı ağaçları tercih eden bir zararlıdır. Bu çalışmada Leptoglossus occidentalis’in morfolojisi, yayılışı ve konukçu bitkileri ile ekonomik önemi anlatılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Leptoglossus occidentalis, böcek, istilacı 1. INTRODUCTION Coreidae (Leach 1815, superfamily Coreidea) includes 2200 species belonging to 500 genera worldwide, and has a very wide distribution. In the Palaearctic Region, 344 species in 84 genera have been listed (Dolling, 2006). In Turkey, 48 species from 20 genera have been recorded (Dursun, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Western Conifer Seed Bug Leptoglossus Occidentalis Heidemann; Family: Coreidae
    IDL INSECT DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology, 2144 Comstock Hall, Ithaca NY 14853-2601 Western Conifer Seed Bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann; Family: Coreidae Western conifer seed bug (adult). Actual size: about 3/4 inch long. Photo by David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org Problem The Western conifer seed bug has become a nuisance pest in the Northeast. The bug has the habit of entering buildings at the onset of cold weather in the late summer or early fall as it seeks a protected site to spend the winter. These bugs do not bite or sting, nor do they cause damage to the home. They will, however, give off a pungent odor if you handle them, which is part of the insect's defensive strategy. They also may make a buzzing sound when flying. The range of the western conifer seed bug has been expanding. In 1992 we began to get reports from western New York State about these rather large insects in homes. The first documented collection of this species in New York State was from an Orchard Park (Erie County) home in January 1990. By February of 1992 Dr. Wayne Gall of the Buffalo Museum of Science had received specimens from 9 counties of western and central New York. By 1994 we were seeing samples from Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley region. It is now found throughout the state. This species was first described in 1910 from California, and was reported in Iowa in 1956. By the 1970's it was established in Wisconsin and Illinois, and by the mid-1980's was found in Minnesota, southeastern Michigan and southwestern Ontario.
    [Show full text]