Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Document No.: PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z-0010
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Title: Dudgeon and Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm Extensions Preliminary Environmental Information Report Chapter 28 Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Document no.: PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z-0010 Date: Classification 29th April 2021 Final Prepared by: LDA Approved by: Date: Jo Rodriguez, Equinor 29th April 2021 Page 2 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no. 4 Table of Contents 28 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................... 12 28.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 12 28.2 Consultation. ....................................................................................................... 12 28.3 Scope .................................................................................................................. 26 28.4 Impact Assessment Methodology ....................................................................... 39 28.5 Existing Environment .......................................................................................... 62 28.6 Potential Impacts ................................................................................................. 85 28.7 Cumulative Impacts ........................................................................................... 116 28.8 Transboundary Impacts .................................................................................... 129 28.9 Inter-relationships .............................................................................................. 129 28.10 Interactions........................................................................................................ 131 28.11 Potential Monitoring Requirements ................................................................... 134 28.12 Assessment Summary ...................................................................................... 134 28.13 References ........................................................................................................ 147 Page 3 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no. 4 List of Tables Table 28-1: Consultation responses .................................................................................. 14 Table 28-2: Realistic Worst Case Scenario ....................................................................... 30 Table 28-3: NPS Assessment Requirements. .................................................................... 39 Table 28-4. Summary of relevant regional and local policies ............................................. 47 Table 28-5: Landscape and visual receptor susceptibility .................................................. 55 Table 28-6: Landscape value ............................................................................................. 55 Table 28-7: Landscape sensitivity ...................................................................................... 56 Table 28-8: Visual receptor sensitivity ............................................................................... 56 Table 28-9: Definition of Scale of effect ............................................................................. 57 Table 28-10: Definition of Durations of effect ..................................................................... 57 Table 28-11: Extent of effect .............................................................................................. 58 Table 28-12: Landscape Assets of LCA B1 presented in the SNLA ................................ 104 Table 28-13: Effects at Representative Viewpoints ......................................................... 109 Table 28-14: Potential Cumulative Impacts (impact screening) ....................................... 118 Table 28-15: Summary of projects considered for the CIA in relation to landscape and visual receptors (project screening)............................................................................... 122 Table 28-16: Interaction between impacts - screening .................................................... 132 Table 28-17: Interaction between impacts – phase and lifetime assessment .................. 132 Table 28-18: Summary of potential impacts on landscape and visual resources ............. 140 Volume 2 Figure 28.1 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 1 of 6) - (2824773) Figure 28.2 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 2 of 6) - (2824774) Figure 28.3 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 3 of 6) - (2824775) Figure 28.4 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 4 of 6) - (2824776) Figure 28.5 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 5 of 6) - (2824777) Figure 28.6 Local Context and Landscape Policy (Sheet 6 of 6) - (2824778) Figure 28.7 National Landscape Character - (2824779) Figure 28.8 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 1 of 6) - (2824780) Figure 28.9 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 2 of 6) - (2824781) Figure 28.10 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 3 of 6) - (2824782) Figure 28.11 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 4 of 6) - (2824783) Figure 28.12 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 5 of 6) - (2824784) Figure 28.13 Local Landscape Character (Sheet 6 of 6) - (2824785) Figure 28.14 Topography - (2824786) Figure 28.15 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Study and Viewpoint Locations Proposed Substation Site 1 - (2824787) Figure 28.16 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Study and Viewpoint Locations Proposed Substation Site 2 - (2824788) Figure 28.17 Onshore Substation Sites Aerial Photograph - (2824789) Figure 28.18 Viewpoint 1A - Bridleway (Swardeston BR9) - Site 1 - (2824808) Figure 28.19 Viewpoint 1B - Bridleway (Swainsthorpe BR7) - Site 2 - (2824809) Page 4 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no. 4 Figure 28.20 Viewpoint 2 - Public Footpath, west of A140 - Site 1 - (2824810) Figure 28.21 Viewpoint 2 - Public Footpath, west of A140 - Site 2 - (2824828) Figure 28.22 Viewpoint 3A - Bridleway (Stoke Holy Cross BR3) - Site 1 - (2824812) Figure 28.23 Viewpoint 3B - Bridleway (Stoke Holy Cross BR3) - Site 2 - (2824813) Figure 28.24 Viewpoint 4 - Footpath (Swardeston FP6) - Site 1 - (2824814) Figure 28.25 Viewpoint 4 - Footpath (Swardeston FP6) - Site 2 - (2824829) Figure 28.26 Viewpoint 5 - Footpath (Mulbarton FP8) - Site 1 - (2824816) Figure 28.27 Viewpoint 5 - Footpath (Mulbarton FP8) - Site 2 - (2824817) Figure 28.28 Viewpoint 6 - Norwich Road, Stoke Holy Cross - Site 1 - (2824819) Figure 28.29 Viewpoint 6 - Norwich Road, Stoke Holy Cross - Site 2 - (2824820) Figure 28.30 Viewpoint 7 - Venta Icenorum - Site 1 - (2824821) Figure 28.31 Viewpoint 7 - Venta Icenorum - Site 2 - (2824822) Figure 28.32 Viewpoint 8 – Bridleway (Keswick BR3) - Site 1 - (2824823) Figure 28.33 Viewpoint 8 – Bridleway (Keswick BR3) - Site 2 - (2824824) Figure 28.34 Viewpoint 9 - Marston Marshes - Site 1 - (2824825) Figure 28.35 Viewpoint 9 - Marston Marshes - Site 2 - (2824826) Volume 3 Appendix 28.1 LVIA Annexes Page 5 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no.4 Glossary of Acronyms AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty BDC Broadland District Council CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment DCO Development Consent Order DECC Department for Energy and Climate Change DEFRA Department for the Environment and Rural Affairs DEP Dudgeon Extension Project DOW Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm EC European Commission EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPP Evidence Plan Process EPS European Protected Species EPUK Environmental Protection United Kingdom ES Environmental Statement ETG Expert Topic Group EU European Union GIS Geographical Information System IPC Infrastructure Planning Commission IPL Institution of Lighting Professionals km Kilometre LPA Local Planning Authority LCA Landscape Character Area LCT Landscape Character Type NNDC North Norfolk District Council NorCC Norwich City Council NP National Park NPPF National Planning Policy Framework NPS National Policy Statement NSIP Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project OLEMS Outline Landscape and Ecological Management Strategy OS Ordnance Survey OWF Offshore Wind Farm Page 6 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no.4 PEIR Preliminary Environmental Information Report PINS Planning Inspectorate for England and Wales PPG Planning Practice Guidance PRoW Public Right of Way SEP Sheringham Extension Project SNC South Norfolk Council SNS Southern North Sea SoS Secretary of State UK United Kingdom WTG Wind Turbine Generator Page 7 of 151 Classification: Open Status: Final www.equinor.com Doc. No. PB8164-RHD-ZZ-XX-RP-Z--0010 Rev. no.4 Glossary of Terms The Applicant Equinor New Energy Limited The additional changes caused by a proposed development in conjunction with other similar Cumulative effects developments or as the combined effect of a set of developments, taken together DCO boundary The area subject to the application for development consent, including all permanent and temporary works for DEP and SEP. The DCO boundary will be subject to updated impact assessment and further development of mitigation proposals to inform the ES. Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm The Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm Extension lease Extension site area. The Dudgeon Offshore Wind The Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm Extension site Farm Extension Project (DEP) as well as all onshore and offshore infrastructure. A voluntary consultation process with specialist