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Invited Lectures Biosem-2018 Il-O1: Endemic Goitre and Emergence of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Post Salt Iodization Sceneario

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Invited Lectures Biosem-2018 Il-O1: Endemic Goitre and Emergence of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Post Salt Iodization Sceneario INVITED LECTURES BIOSEM-2018 IL-O1: ENDEMIC GOITRE AND EMERGENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASES IN POST SALT IODIZATION SCENEARIO AMAR K CHANDRA Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700 009 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Goitre means the enlargement of thyroid gland. If the thyroid gland has difficulty in synthesizing thyroid hormones, it may enlarge to compensate for this inadequatehormone production. Endemic goitre thus found prevalent in iodine deficient areas and it is one of the major clinical manifestations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Universal salt iodization programme has increased the intake of iodine of the overall population and has reduced the rate of goitre prevalence however endemic goitre still persists and the possible causes might be the consumption of goitrogenic food or intake of iodine more than recommended level for improper monitoring of iodized salt or for the supplementation of iodine in the regions where there is no environmental iodine deficiency or inherited disposition for long standing iodine deficiency in the environment. Then what is the consequence of residual goitre? The emergence of autoimmune thyroid diseases has been increased in post salt iodization scenario. The major thyroid autoimmune diseases are Grave’s disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis. In Grave’s disease the antibody of TSH receptors in serum is increased resulting more thyroid hormone synthesis while in Hashimotos thyroiditis, for the production of thyroid peroxidase antibody (Anti TPO), thyroid hormone synthesis is reduced. In post salt iodization phase the goitrous children of Manipur in north east India having the background of inherited disposition to autoimmunity are exposed to additional environmental factors (dietary goitrogens) that trigger the risk for the development of autoimmune thyroid disorders in their later stages of life. The histomorphological and biochemical analysis of large goitres belonging to iodine replete Gangetic plains of West Bengal mimic Grave’s disease that developed for the consumption of dietary goitrogens including excess iodine for universal salt iodization programme. In this context the pathophysiology of goitrous thyroid that persists even after the Berhampore Girls’ College 1 BIOSEM-2018 intake of adequate iodine in post salt iodization scenario and the emergence of autoimmune diseases will be discussed. Key words: Excess iodine, Goitre, Grave’s disease. Hashimotos thyroiditis, USI IL-O2: GLOBAL PROMOTION OF HERBAL MEDICINE: INDIA’S OPPORTUNITY N K DUBEY Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 Email:[email protected]; Mob: 9415295765 Herbal medicine has been used in India for thousands of years and is increasingly been used worldwide during the last few decades as evidenced by rapidly growing global and national markets of herbal drugs.. According to WHO estimates, the present demand for medicinal plants is ~US $14 billion a year and by the year 2050 it would be ~US $5 trillion. Due to high prices and harmful side effects of synthetic drugs, people rely more on herbal drugs and this trend is growing, not only in developing countries but in developed countries too. India has 2.4% of world's area with 8% of global biodiversity. The forests of India are estimated to harbour 90% of India's medicinal plants diversity in the wide range of forest types that occur. In India, around 25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine. However, India share in herbal medicine in global herbal market is not appreciable.There may be various reasons for such problems, poor quality of herbal medicines due to insufficient attention being paid to the quality assurance and control of these products. It is a fact that the role of ethno-botanist is crucial in the search for new drugs and this role has become so much more significant in the second half of the 20th century. The study of ethnobotany has gained in importance and the ‘Western’ use of such information has come under increasing scrutiny. National and indigenous rights on these resources have become acknowledged by both academic and industrial researchers. It is also recognized that the need for basic scientific investigations of plants used in indigenous medical systems is becoming ever more relevant. The relevance of such data coupled with the ever-increasing rights expected from Berhampore Girls’ College 2 BIOSEM-2018 communities on their data along with the battle for conservation, have re-shaped the entire approach towards bioprospecting. Looking in to different acts of biopiracy exploiting indigenous knowledge on herbal products without recognition of the owner country, there is need for bioprospection of Indian flora for novel formulations to be used in pharma sector. IL-03: PERIPHERAL BIOMARKERS AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: IS THERE ANY ASSOCIATION? AN INVESTIGATION ON INMATES OF A REHABILITATION HOME IN KOLKATA, INDIA. Aaveri Sengupta1, Ujjal Das1, Krishnendu Manna1, Sushobhan Biswas1, Siddhartha Datta1, Tapashi Mitra2, Swapan Mukherjee2, Anup K Sadhu3, Suhrita Paul4, Saurabh Ghosh5, Rakhi Dey Sharma6, Sanjit Dey1* 1 Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata-700009, West Bengal, India.; 2 Institute of Child Health, 11, Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal; 3 EKO CT and MRI Scan Centre, Medical College and Hospitals campus, 88, College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India; 4 Burdwan Medical College And Hospital, Opp. Shyam Sayer, Khosbagan, Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104; 5 Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India; 6 Department of Food and Nutrition, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, 85, Middle Road, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India. *Name and contact information of corresponding author: Professor Sanjit Dey, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata- 700009, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Mobile No: +91-9830211512, E-mail: [email protected]. Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is manifestation of dysregulation of distinctive or multiple physiological components either innate or personalized after birth and during early life. There are certain issues of association between biomarkers of stress and intellectual disabilities which might prove beneficial for appropriat benefit of the individuals. The current effort was attempted to address these crucial aspects involving this secluded individuals. Materials and Methods: IQ scores, mental Berhampore Girls’ College 3 BIOSEM-2018 ages (MAs) and social ages (SAs) of disabled subjects were analyzed using standard psychometric tests. Oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers from PBMC and RBC mem- brane, serum neurotransmitters, RBC morphology, RBC membrane -actin, GLUT-1 and serum TNF-, IL-6, LDH-A, BDNF expressions were analyzed along with the struc- tural changes in the brain associated with ID. Psychosocial parameters were measured after giving special training to the subjects for two years. One-way ANOVA was per- formed followed by post-hoc Bonferroni. Results were represented as mean±SEM us- ing SPSS 20.0. Linear regression was performed keeping all the biological parameters as dependent variables, raw IQ scores and age as independent variables. Results: Subjects were classified as mild, moderate and severe on the basis of their IQ scores. Their MAs and the SAs were lowered in severe retarded subjects. LPO of PBMC and RBC membranes, levels of serum glutamate and serotonin were increased signifi- cantly with increasing severity of ID. Morphological alterations in RBC structure was more in severely retarded children. -actin, GLUT-1, BDNF expression levels declined and TNF-, IL-6, LDH-A were elevated along with increasing severity of disability and structural changes found in some brain regions. Conclusion: OS remained a crucial factor with the order of severity of disability in ID children. We developed an insight how the metabolic footprints were manifested with the degrees of severity of disability. The special training imparted improvement on psycho-social aspects of ID individuals. Funding source: This work was supported by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India under the scheme of “Center with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA)”, project sanction no. [F No. 8-2/2008 (NS/PE), dated: 14.12.2011]. Keywords: Mental retardation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter, RBC morphology, inflammation. Berhampore Girls’ College 4 BIOSEM-2018 IL-04: EATING DISORDERS AMONG YOUNG WOMEN : A PANORAMIC VIEW KRISHNA ROY Professor of Physiology & Principal, Sister Nivedita Govt General Degree College For Girls, Hastings House, kolkata 700027, [email protected] Expression of Eating disorders of different varieties like Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorders etc entail a state of profound malnutrition associated with some psychological problems. specially intense anxiety. The disorders though usually affect the young women who are over conscious about their body image, young males or transgenders may also be the victims of the disease. A few risk factors have been found to be associated with the disease, like Personality / Psychological factors, family influence, genetic factor, visual media, subcultures existing within the society.Victims are often found to have different brain anatomical structure, specially at the
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