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Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas

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Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas Volume 2010 Article 10 2010 Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas Erik Oksanen Center for Archaeological Studies Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Oksanen, Erik (2010) "Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2010, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.2010.1.10 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2010/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement Along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2010/iss1/10 Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161: Early Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Early Site, Archaic 41HY161: Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement along the Balcones Escarpment Archaic Technology, Subsistence, and Settlement along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas MS x10-8 m3kg- 1 140 160 180 200 II Depostional Unit 98 Late Archaic VII Period of Soil Stability 97.9 Period of Erosion VI OZ4 97.8 Gower 3460 ± 40 BP V Soil Magnetic Susceptibility 97.7 ) s IV Soil Magnetic Susceptibility r Gower e t OZ3 Frequency Difference e 97.6 m ( n o i 7160 ± 50 BP t III a v 97.5 e l E OZ2 97.4 6650 ± 50 BP II 97.3 Gower I OZ1 97.2 7700 ± 60 BP Gower 97.1 Gower 8 9 10 11 12 Xfd% CENTER FOR ARCHAEOLOGIcaL STUDIES Assembled by Eric Oksanen Texas State University-San Marcos 601 University Dr. With contributions by Barbara Meissner and C. Britt Bousman San Marcos, TX 78666 www.txstate.edu/anthropology/cas/ Principal Investigator: C. Britt Bousman Archaeological Studies Report No. 14 CAS 2011 CENTER FOR ARCHAEOLOGIcaL STUDIES ASR Texas State University-San Marcos A member of the Texas State University System 14 2011 Archaeological Investigations at the Ice House Site, 41HY161 Early Archaic Technology, Subsistence and Settlement along the Balcones Escarpment, Hays County, Texas assembled by Eric Oksanen with contributions by Barbara Meissner and C. Britt Bousman Principal Investigator C. Britt Bousman Archaeological Studies Report No. 14 Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3438 CENTER FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY-SAN MARCOS i 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Erhart, Dr. James Garber and Dr. C. Britt Bousman for their support with this undertaking. My gratitude is extended to Dr. Bousman and his unfailing confidence and optimism, and to whom I owe a great debt and for giving me a truly international education. Through the years, the staff at the Center for Archaeological Studies have assisted in the completion of this research. Numerous individuals were responsible for the successful field work and analysis. These include Dave Nickels for valuable advice and who ensured the successful completion of the fieldwork, and David Peyton, Lindsey Stoker, Christine Alvarez, Matt Melancon, and Melissa Lehman, for their hard work, and Carole Leezer for support and administrative wizardry. Additional analytical assistance was provided by Holly Meier and Joey Thompson. I especially would like to acknowledge the support of CAS and Texas State University-San Marcos who provided the funding for the project. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... II LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. V ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 2. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ................................................................... 5 3. CULTURAL HISTORY OF CENTRAL TEXAS............................................................. 45 4. RESEARCH DESIGN AND GOALS ............................................................................. 87 5. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 110 6. DEPOSITIONAL CONTEXT ...................................................................................... 121 7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ............................................................................... 170 8. INTERPRETATIONS: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE AT THE ICE HOUSE SITE .. 194 APPENDIX A: RADIOCARBON RESULTS ................................................................... 198 APPENDIX B: VERTEBRATE FAUNAL IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF REMAINS FROM 41HY161 ............................................................................................ 208 APPENDIX C: LITHIC ARTIFACT DESCRIPTIONS FROM 41HY161 ....................... 230 APPENDIX D: LITHIC MEASUREMENTS ................................................................... 232 REFERENCES CITED .................................................................................................... 233 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Soil zone descriptions from east wall of excavation block. ........................................ 118 2. Provenience of radiocarbon samples and resulting radiocarbon ages. ....................... 121 3. OZ1 lithic assemblage................................................................................................. 129 4. Lithic debitage counts and percentages for OZ1. ....................................................... 135 5. Faunal bone assemblage from OZ1. ........................................................................... 137 6. OZ2 lithic assemblage................................................................................................. 143 7. Lithic debitage counts and percentages for OZ2. ....................................................... 146 8. Faunal bone assemblage from OZ2. ........................................................................... 147 9. OZ3 lithic assemblage................................................................................................. 153 10. Lithic debitage categories counts and percentages for OZ3. .................................... 156 11. Faunal bone assemblage from OZ3. ......................................................................... 158 12. OZ4 lithic assemblage. .............................................................................................. 163 13. Lithic debitage categories counts and percentages for OZ4. .................................... 165 14. Faunal bone assemblage from OZ4. ......................................................................... 166 15. Lithic reduction methods between OZs. ................................................................... 174 16. Debitage adjusted residuals from OZ1, OZ2 and OZ3. ............................................ 176 17. Size categories of faunal remains (NISP) from OZ1, OZ2 and OZ3 ....................... 179 18. Early Archaic sites selected lithic artifact category totals. ....................................... 183 19. Adjusted residuals for comparative Early Archaic lithic categories. ........................ 184 20. Boone’s measures of similarities and differences and Brainerd-Robinson scores between comparative Early Archaic components. .................................................. 185 21. Debitage reduction methods from the Armstrong and Icehouse sites. ..................... 189 22. Gower point comparative measurements. ................................................................. 190 23. NISP counts of selected taxa for each site. ............................................................... 192 24. Percentage contribution of taxa for each site. ........................................................... 192 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of the Icehouse site, 41HY161. ........................................................................ 4 2. Confluence of Sessom Creek and the San Marcos River looking upstream towards Spring Lake Dam. ....................................................................................................... 4 3. Photograph of
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