Index

A Aphorism (s) Aberrations, 235, 245 patanjali’s, 4, 5, 118 Abetted, 51 Apodictic evidence, 16 Abhimāna, 97 Apoha, 46 Abhiniveśa, 37, 39, 61, 216 Appanā, 118, 122, 123 Abhyāsa, 14–16, 18–20, 22, 31, 32, 35, 109, Apperceptional, 122 194, 198, 212, 227 Apprehensions Absolutistic, 114 erroneous, 37 Adharma, 84 Arahantship, 119, 196 Adhyavasāya, 97 Archetypal, 5 Advaita Vedanta, 4, 239 Arhant, 114, 121 Aftanas, L.I., 141, 146 Arias, A., 162 Āgama, 13 Aristotle, 175 Āgāmi karma, 95 Arousal, 13, 127, 130, 138, 140–142, 146, 156, Ahaṅkāra, 5 160, 164, 207 Ahiṃsā, 52 Arthaśāstra, 199 Ākāśa, 79, 80 Arthavattva, 79, 80 Akliṣṭa, 12, 40 Arūpas, 123 Ālaya-vijñāna, 195 Asamprajñāta, 8, 16, 20, 58, 59, 68, 70 Albeit subtle, 96 Asamprajñāta samadhi, 8–10, 33, 59, 60, 69, Alexander, C.N., 156, 157 71 Aliṅga, 46 Asampramoṣa, 149 Altruism, 22, 32, 51, 179, 191, 192, 194, 226, doctrine of memory, 149 239, 241, 243 Āsana, 50, 53, 56, 67, 118, 131, 149, 153, 192 Amalgamation, 17, 233 Asmitā, 17, 37, 39, 61, 80, 84, 85, 100, 216 Analogy, 72, 124 Asmitānugata, 58, 69 Ānanda, 17, 33, 182, 213, 231 Asthana, H.S., 176, 235 Ānandamaya-kośa, 107, 182 Astin, John, 159 Ānandānugata, 58, 69 Ātman, 52, 107, 129, 195 Anand, B.K., 139–141 Atreya, 110 Anantharaman, R.N., 155 Attenuated, 25, 29, 37, 38, 51, 52 Anasakti Yoga, 240 Attributes, 15, 36, 45, 73, 74, 94, 104, 178, Anātmavāda, 107, 196 184, 203, 214, 231 Andresen, J., 138 Aurobindo, Sri, 111, 198, 221–225, 234 Antarāyabhāva, 22 Austerities Antiquity, 137 practice of, 36 Anumāna, 13 Austin, James, 142, 143 Anuśāsanam, 7 Āvaraṇa, 187 Anvaya, 59, 79, 80 Avasthā parinama, 8

© The Author(s) 2017 251 K.R. Rao, Foundations of Yoga Psychology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5409-9 252 Index

Aversion, 15, 37–39, 43, 44, 61, 86, 94, 110, Brosse, T., 138 121, 132, 179, 186, 216, 217 Brown, D.P., 149 Avidyā, 12, 37–40, 43, 44, 48, 49, 61, 86, 92, Buddhaghoṣa, 120, 122, 123, 128, 132, 165 103, 107, 108, 110, 183, 215–217 Buddhi, 3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 24, 31–33, 38, 39, Aviśeṣa, 46 45–50, 77, 82, 90, 93, 94, 96–107, 184, Axiological auṣadhi, 83 185, 214, 215, 222, 225 purity of the, 185, 225 B unblemished, 3 Badawi, K., 141 Buddhi-bodhātman, 11 Baer, R.A., 153 Buddhism Baerentsen, K.B., 144 Tibetan, 142, 210 Bagchi, B.K., 140, 141 Buddhist(s) Balodhi, J.P., 159 anātmavāda, 107, 196 Banquet, J.P., 140, 141 Vipassanā, 118 Barber, T.X., 116 Barnes, V.A., 158 C Basit, M.A., 153 Cahn, Rael, 125, 138, 142, 143, 147, 162 Beary, J.F., 127 Campbell, K., 140 Becker, D., 141 Canter, P.H., 158–163 Behavioral causation, 41, 95 Caraka Saṃhitā, 158, 199 Beidebach, M., 138 Carol, M.M., 127 Benson, H., 117, 118, 127, 145, 157 Carrington, P., 116–118, 124, 127, 128 Bergson, Henry, 221, 222 Carter, O., 149 Bhagavad-Gītā, 36, 109, 111, 114 Cartesian Bhagwat, J.M., 159 dualism, 117, 222 Bhāratīya Jīva Śāstra Sūtras, 178 inheritance, 221 Bhatt, G.P., 163 sense, 221, 222 Bhavaṅga citta, 122 Case, C.M, 244 Bhava-pratyaya, 18 Castillo, Richard, 197 Bhoja, 12, 23, 75, 91, 226 Cessation, 11, 18, 44, 48–50, 73, 77, 87, 92, Bhoktā, 184, 187 94, 108, 109, 211, 226 Bhole, M.V., 138, 139, 154, 159 Ceto-vimutti, 123 Bhushan, S., 155 Chakraborty, P.K, 153 Bhūtās, 72 Chhina, G.S., 139–141 Bhūtendriya-jayin, 81 Cicero, 202 Bogart, J., 138 Citta-vṛtti nirodha, 9 Bokert, E., 151 Clairvoyance, 78, 235 Bondurant, Joan, 244 Cognition(s), 9, 14, 20, 26, 27, 60, 70, 71, 216 Brahmabindu Upaniṣad, 216 Cognitive Brahmacarya, 52 activity, 17, 18, 30, 31, 59, 60, 70, 71, 76, Brahmākāra-vṛtti, 110 77, 110 Brahman, 4, 21, 29, 33, 58, 94, 107, 108, 152, awareness, 8, 9, 28 213, 214, 219, 239 excellence, 8, 16–18, 27, 31, 115, 129, 133, Brahmanism, 1 166, 189, 212–214, 216, 218, 226, 238 Braud, William, 207 forms, 212, 229 Breath, 23, 53, 54, 78, 118, 127, 129, 130, knowing, 8, 39, 76, 189, 212–214, 218, 141–144, 157 238, 246 expiration and retention of, 23 psychology, 219 Brefczynski-Lewis, J.A., 144 super, 58 Brentano, F., 28, 209 therapy, 157 Brett, G.S., 233 Cognizer, 11, 90 Broad, C. D., 221 Colonial syndrome, 234 Bronson, E.C., 141 Compassion, 23, 32, 114, 133, 190, 191, 243, Brooks, J.S., 153 248 Index 253

Conation, 15, 191 Distraction(s), 23, 60, 71, 78, 119, 124, 131, Concentration, 2, 7, 12, 15, 16, 19–22, 24, 25, 132, 165 31, 33, 35, 37, 40, 49, 53–55, 63, 65, 66, Divergence, 10 68, 75, 117–119, 121–126, 130, 132, Divya, 24 133, 140, 143, 162, 196, 213, 214, 227 Donderi, D. C, 205 Conflict resolution, 238, 241, 242, 246 Dormant, 38, 86, 95, 131 Consciousness Dostalek, C., 163 nonintentional, 8 Draṣṭā, 100 personal, 3, 100, 197 Dualism pervasive, 4 metaphysics of, 104 phenomenal, 4 Dualist pure, 4, 8, 9, 59, 70, 77, 94, 102, 103, 108, cartesian, 98 110, 111, 113, 114, 142, 225, 229 radical, 98 Contemplation, 26, 54, 55, 66, 119, 129 western, 98, 99 Corby, J.C, 141 Dubey, B.L., 138 Corey, P.W, 145 Duḥkha, 39, 43, 111 Cosmic conundrum, 40 Dukhan, H., 152 Cosmology, 35, 84, 101 Dune, J., 138, 161 Critique of Pure Reason, 89 Dunne, Brenda, 206 Culminating, 49, 58, 69, 71, 218, 226 Dveṣa, 39, 44, 61, 186, 216 Czechoslovakian scientists, 163, 164 Dvivedi, M.N, 9, 17, 20, 26 Dwindle, 8, 25 D Dwivedi, C.B, 149 Dalai Lama, 210, 211 Dalal, A.S., 221 E Das, N.N., 140–142 Ekagra, 8 Dasgupta, S.N., 3, 4, 12, 15, 19, 38, 40, 88, 89, Ekagrata, 7 99–101, 104 pariṇāma, 60, 71, 72 Datey, K.K., 157 Eka-tattva-abhyāsa, 23 Davidson, J.M., 138, 140 Ekendriya, 15 Davidson, R.J., 125, 138, 141, 142, 147, 161 Electroencephalogram Deepak, K.K., 141 studies of meditation, 139, 141, 142 Deliberation, 17, 27, 29 Eliade, Mircea, 1, 2 Delusion, 111, 119, 121, 190, 196, 202, 203 Embellishing, 6, 97, 98, 149 Denigration, 234 Embellishment(s), 8, 18, 28–31 Deśa-bandha, 55, 66 Empiricist, 113 Desai, M., 240 Enslaves, 40 Descartes, 98, 221 Entanglement, 19, 45, 48, 49, 102, 108 Determinism, 84, 95 Epistemology, 6, 11 pervasive, 42, 90 Epoché, 16 Dhanaraj, V.H., 145 Eppley, K.R, 162 Dhāraṇa, 19 Equipoise, 25, 26, 32, 133, 153, 165 Dharma, 40, 72–74, 84, 87, 92 Erikson, Erik, 240, 245 Dharmānam, 87 Ernst, E, 158 Dhyāna, 41, 55–57, 59, 65–67, 69, 74, 76, 117, Esoteric energy, 125 119, 124, 166 Etymological, 7 Dichotomies, 114, 115, 197 Exhalation, 53, 129, 163 Dillbeck, M.C., 141, 160 Extrasensory Discernment, 9, 30, 49 awareness, 78 Discriminating, 43, 44, 49, 50, 54, 61, 111, 189 Dispassionateness, 14–16, 19–21, 32, 33, F 35–37, 40, 61, 92, 187, 212, 217 Faber, P.L., 146 Dissolution, 9, 30, 40, 41, 93, 94, 190, 196, Farrow, J.T., 126, 127, 142 222, 226 Fatalistic, 85, 198 254 Index

Fechner, 233 mythology, 53 Fenwick, P.C.B., 145 psychology, 176, 235 Feuerstein, G., 9 tradition, 2, 6, 115 Fletcher, K., 157 Hinduism, 114 Fluctuation, 9, 15, 25, 30, 58, 59, 69, 72, 89, Hirai, T., 140, 141 110, 118, 119 Hiriyanna, M., 109 Freedom Hoeing, J., 139 of will, 235 Holmes, D.S., 138, 160 Fruition, 42, 44, 85 Honorton, Charles, 152 Hume, D., 202, 203, 205 G Husserl’s, 16, 85, 218 Galton, 233 Hypertension, 148, 153, 157, 158 Gandha, 46 Hypometabolic Gandhi, Mahatma, 52, 194, 234, 238–246, 248 state, 127, 145 Ganguly, S.K, 159 Gardner, Martin, 205 I Gastaut, H., 141, 142 Idealist monism, 201 Gauld, Alan, 209 Ignorance, 3, 33, 37, 38, 46, 49, 51, 57, 61, 62, Gaustaut, 140 68, 82, 85–87, 92, 95, 108, 110, 121, Gaylord,C., 141 165, 178, 179, 187, 189, 198, 199, 215, Gestalt, 82, 196 224 Gharote, M.L., 159 Ikemi, A., 143, 146 Ghista, D.N., 141 Illumination, 26, 31, 39, 79, 90, 99–101, 103, Ghosh, A.K., 137 105, 214, 226 Giber, D., 148 Illusions, 37, 38 Girodo, M., 154 Immortality, 1 Glueck, B.C., 141 Imperfection, 7, 115, 181, 191, 213, 215 Goleman, D.J., 117, 123, 127, 132, 133, 148, Impermanence, 11, 122, 129, 188 153 Imprisons, 40 Golocheikine, S.A., 141, 146, 147 Impulsive, 7, 8, 31 Gore, M.M., 159 Indian Grahaṇa, 17 philosophy, 1, 109, 137, 175 Grahitṛ, 17 psychology, 1, 17, 99, 114, 175–177, Grāhya, 17 179–182, 191–194, 197–199, 228, 229, Greenwood, J.A., 206 233–239, 241, 242, 248, 249 Gregg, Richard, 245 Indistinguishable, 3, 57, 68, 81, 215, 222, 225 Greville, T.N.E., 206 Indriyas, 72 Grossman, P., 138, 155, 162 Indulgence Guṇa(s), 2, 5, 33, 37, 40, 44–46, 49, 50, 52, 59, sensual, 38 69, 72, 73, 77, 79, 84, 88, 89, 94, 101, Ineffable, 30, 214, 224 108 Inert stability, 45 Guṇavaitŗsnyam, 16 I-ness, 17, 24, 39, 58, 69, 80, 84, 87, 115 Guṇa-vṛtti-virodha, 43, 44 Infinity, 53 Inglis, Brian, 202 H Inhalation, 23, 53, 54, 129, 163 Hajek, P., 163 Inhibition, 9, 10, 26, 132, 140, 141 Hallett, C.B., 153 Insignificance, 93 Hansel, C.E.M., 205 Intensification, 119, 226 Hatha Yoga, 2, 24, 125, 130, 163 Intercepted, 37, 38 Hebert, R., 141, 142 Intrahemispheric coherence Hindrances, 8, 21, 22, 37, 38, 42, 92, 116, 120, of EEG, 141 121, 126, 216 Intrinsic, 16, 17, 25, 32, 33, 83, 86, 101, Hindu 103–105, 108, 124, 133, 152, 166, 181, ethos, 2, 114 194, 209, 216, 227, 247 Index 255

Introspection, 90, 118, 119, 177 Karmendriyās, 215 Intuition, 82, 196, 213, 221, 223, 224, 226–231 Kartā, 184, 187 Invocations, 121 Kasamatsu, A., 140, 141 Involution, 18, 29, 40, 94, 107, 108 Kāyika, 188 Isolation, 6, 89, 107, 108, 124, 165 Kelly, E.F., 142, 209, 210, 235 Iśvara-praṇidhāna, 20 Kennedy, J. E., 206, 207, 228 Iversen, J., 145 Khire, U., 155 Khyati, 30 J Kirkwood, G., 157 Jacobson, E., 131 Kjaer, T.W., 142 Jaeger, S., 162 Klesas Jagṛt, 182 attenuating the, 37, 57, 68 Jahn, Robert, 206 Kleśa-Karma-Saṃskāra Nexus, 95 Jain, S., 155 Kliṣṭa, 12, 195 Jainism, 85, 176, 235 Kliṣtavṛttis, 40 James, Alcock, 205 Knowledge there of, 4 James, William, 90, 221, 233 Kocher, H.C., 149, 154 Jevning, R.A., 138, 146 Kochumuttom, Thomas, 195 Jha, G., 9, 91 Koenig, H.G., 150 Jhāna, 117, 118, 121–123, 132, 165, 196 Kolsawalla, M.B., 149, 150, 153 Jñāna Kośa(s) yoga, 152, 193 ānandamaya–, 107, 182 Jhansi Rani, N., 149 annamaya–, 182 Jiu-jitsu, 245 manomaya–, 182 Jīva(s), 4, 102, 104, 105, 107, 178, 187 vijñānamaya–, 182 Jīvan-mukti, 30, 109–111 Krishnamacharya, E., 9 Jīvan-Mukti-Viveka, 109 Kristeller, J., 138, 148, 150, 153 Jñāna-dīpti, 50 Kriyā-Yoga, 36, 37, 51, 61, 126 Jñāna-rakṣa, 111 Kṣaṇa, 59, 81 Jñānendriyās, 215 Kṣetram, 37 Jñātā, 184, 187 Kṣīna vṛttis, 25 Johansson, R.E.A., 196 Kṣipta, 8, 31, 57, 68 Johnson, L.C., 140 Kubose, S.K., 148 Kuhn, T.S., 205 K Kumar, H., 138 Kabat-Zinn, J., 118, 128, 129, 150, 156, 157 Kumaraiah, V., 159 Kabir, R., 155 Kundalini Kaivalya, 4–7, 10, 20, 22, 29, 31, 40, 41, 48, yoga, 125, 144 55, 58, 59, 65, 68, 69, 74, 78, 81–83, 85, Kunze, S., 162 87, 92–94, 101, 103, 105–109, 114, Kūrma-nādi, 76 116, 165, 192 Kaliappan, K.V., 158 L Kalish, D., 137 Lakoff, G., 210 Kamitani, Yukiyasu, 208 Lakṣaṇa Kant, 89 parinama, 72 Kanthamani, H., 229 Larson, D.B., 150 Kao, 176, 235 Latha, 158 Kapālabhāti Lazar, S.W., 142, 144 kevala, 54, 106 Leggett, A.J., 66, 73, 92, 94 Karambelkar, P.V., 138, 139 Leggett, T., 9, 17, 48, 54 Kārika(s), 107 Leipzig, 233 Karma, 11, 19, 37, 40–44, 54, 76, 78, 79, Lepicovaka, V., 163 85–87, 92–96, 110, 188, 192, 217 Levin, 150 Karmāśaya, 41–44, 95 Liberation 256 Index

of the puruṣa, 45–47, 100, 104, 105 internal secular, 159 Linden, W., 148, 153, 154 neuroimaging studies of, 143 Liṅga, 46 practice of, 25, 41, 115–117, 121, 131, 132, Liṅga śarīra, 183 138, 142, 148, 149, 151, 156, 161, 189, Linzmayer, A. J., 206 192, 225 Lou, H.C., 141, 143, 144 psychological effects of, 148 Lucidity, 45, 46 spiritual, 159 Luminosity therapeutic effects, 156 of prajñā, 56 transcendental, 116, 118, 125, 126, 138, Luminous, 24, 46 139, 157 Luth, W., 130 yogic, 116, 118, 128, 140 Lutz, A., 125, 138, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, Mediumistic, 18 161, 164 Mental phenomena manifestation of, 2 M Meta-Cognitive Psychology, 219 Macaulay, 233, 234 Metamorphosis, 9 Madhu-bhūmika, 81 Metaphors, 6 Madhupratica, 81 Metaphysics, 2, 6, 11, 87, 104, 175, 225 Mādhyamika thinkers, 195 Metapsychological theory, 1 Mahāvideha, 79 Metapsychology of Mahā-vratam, 50 yoga, 5, 6, 10, 36 Mahāyāna Saṃgraha, 195 Miller, J.J., 157 Mahesh Yogi, 126, 139, 151 Mills, G.K., 140 Maheswari, M.C., 141 Mind Majjhima-Nikaya, 120 phenomena of the, 100 Manana, 62, 180, 218, 219 Misconstrual Manas, 14, 31, 32, 46, 96–98, 184–186, 195, of a phenomenal experience, 38 214, 225 Mishra, H., 159 Mānasika, 188 Miśra, Vācaspati, 6, 7, 10, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, Manchanda, S.K., 141 29, 36, 38, 42, 45, 49, 53, 55, 56, 65, 67, Manifestation(s), 3–5, 9–12, 17, 19, 37, 40, 45, 88, 90, 91, 97, 132 46, 49, 50, 53, 58, 59, 61, 69, 72, 73, 80, Miyawaki, Y., 208 81, 84, 88, 89, 101, 102, 104–106, 111, Mokṣa, 44, 48, 109, 197 116, 123, 125, 178, 182, 183, 187, 213, Monism, 107, 201 223, 227, 231, 235, 236 Monro, R., 137 Manocha, R., 159 Morse, D.R., 147 Manojavitam, 80 Mortality, 156 Mano-nāśa, 109 Muḍha, 8 Manovijññāna, 195 Mūḍdha, 57, 68 Mantras, 83, 85, 127, 128 Multitude of prakṛti’s, 46 Marlatt, A.G., 153 Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad, 219 Martin Luther King Jr., 243 Mundane, 23, 57, 67, 90, 133, 150, 191, 194, Maslow, 111 203, 217, 243 Matas, F., 151 Mutation, 45, 93, 106 Materialist Myers, F. W. H., 221, 222 reductionism, 201 Mystica Māyā, 107 sahaja, 125, 146, 159 Mayton, D.M., 245 McClenon, J., 229 N McCullough, M.E., 150 Nagaratna, R., 149 Meditation Nāgārjuna, 195 buddhistic, 119, 120 Nagendra, H. R., 149, 159 empirical studies of, 115, 137 Naranjo, Claudio, 124 external, 159 Nelson Mandela, 244 Index 257

Neurochemical, 145, 164 Pandey, J., 176, 235 Neurophysiological Pantas, L., 151, 152 changes, 164, 210 Pāpa, 42 effects, 138, 147, 148 Paradoxical observation, 164 investigation, 164, 211 Paradoxical state, 77 Neurotransmitter, 143, 145 Paramamahattva, 25 Newberg, A. B., 145 Paramāṇu, 25 Nguyen, L., 157 Pāramārtha, 78 Nibbāna, 196 Paranjpe, A, C., 16, 27, 90 in Pāli, 121 Paranormal Nididhyāsana, 180, 193, 218 effects, 150 Nidrā, 13, 14, 32, 142, 143, 155 hearing, 79 Nirbīja, 30 phenomena, 74, 150, 192, 208, 213, 228, Nirodha pariṇāma, 59, 60, 70, 71 238 Niruddha, 8, 32, 57–60, 68–71, 114, 118 powers, 65 Nirvāṇa, 109, 114, 119, 121, 150, 192, 196 Parapsychologist(s), 151, 205, 208, 228, 229, Nirvicāra, 17, 28, 29 235 Nirvitarka, 17, 27–29 Parapsychology, 151, 201, 202, 205–208, 212, Niyama, 50–53, 56, 67, 118, 166 228, 229 Nonacquisitiveness Parasympathetic activity, 145 state of, 52 Pargament, K. I., 159 Noncognitive Pariṇāma, 43, 71 mind, 57, 67 Patanjali Nonintentional, 18, 58, 59, 69, 70, 214 yoga, 247, 248 Nonrelational, 182, 214 Patel, Chandra, 157 Nonviolence, 50, 52, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248 Pearce, Hubert, 206 Novak, P., 163 Pearson, C., 141 Núñez, 210 Pelletier, K. R., 148 Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika, 186 Peo, 137 Perception, 3, 9, 10, 12–14, 16, 18, 24, 26–31, O 33, 49, 75–77, 79, 81, 88, 89, 92, 96–99, Oak, J. P., 154 111, 118, 120, 121, 123, 124, 129, 148, Object-awareness, 90 185, 186, 209, 215, 216, 219, 223, 224, O’Connell, D., 153 227, 228, 230, 235, 238, 240, 242, 244 O’Halloran, J. P., 146 Permanence, 11, 86, 93, 94, 106, 119, 189, 196 OM, 21, 22, 36, 51, 126, 133 Pessimistic, 198 Omniscience, 21, 22, 77, 94, 108 Philosophical Ontological thought, 88 implications, 95 underpinnings of yoga, 117 Ontology, 87, 88 Philosophy Orme-Johnson, D. W., 126, 127 Indian, 1, 2, 109, 137, 175 Ornstein, R. E., 124, 132 western, 2 Osis, K., 151 yoga, 62 Ospina, M. B., 125 Pluralistic, 113, 177, 236 Ostensible, 165 Polich, John, 125, 138, 142, 143, 147, 162 Otherness, 115 Postulation, 2, 221 Pradhāna, 44, 48, 80 P Pradurbhāva, 59 Pagano, R. R., 141, 145, 146 Prajñā, 12, 19, 29, 30 Pali, 119, 121 Prajñā-jyoti, 81 Palmer, J., 205, 229, 235 Prajña-loka, 67 Palsane, M. N., 158 Prakṛti, 2–5, 7, 17–19, 21, 28, 39, 40, 43–47, Paññā, 121 50, 61, 62, 72, 73, 78, 80, 84, 87, 88, 90, Paññā-vimutto, 121 258 Index

93, 94, 98, 100–102, 104–108, 183, 88–94, 96, 98–108, 175, 187, 195, 197, 214, 222, 226, 231 222, 226, 230 Prakṛtilaya, 18 Puruṣārtha-śunyānām, 108 Prakṛtyāpūrāt, 84 Puthoff, Hal, 206 Pramāṇa, 13, 14, 32 Pramāṇani, 13 Q Prāṇāyāma, 50, 53, 54, 56, 67, 78, 118, Qi Gong, 125, 130 153–155, 166, 192 Quiescence, 15, 118, 133 Prārabdha karma, 95 Quillian-Wolever, R., 153 Prasad, S. C., 149 Quintessence Prasamkhyāna, 42 of all knowledge, 105 Pratap, V., 137, 154 Quintus, 202 Pratibha, 76 Pratiprasava, 40 R Pratt, J. G., 206 Rāga, 37, 39, 43, 61, 216 Pratyāhāra, 16, 50, 54–56, 65, 67, 118, 120, Radical dualism 128, 153, 166 descartes, 2 Pratyakcetanā, 22 Raina, N., 153 Pratyakṣa, 13 Rainforth, M. V., 158 Pratyaya, 18 Rajamartaṇḍa, 12 Pratyayānupaśya, 100 Rajas, 2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 21, 25, 26, 29, 33, 38–40, Pravṛtti 44–46, 49, 57, 68, 75, 77, 79, 84, 88, 93, of an object, 24 96, 103, 106, 183, 193 Pravṛtti-vijñāna, 195 Raja yoga, 5, 118 Predicament, 11, 37, 43, 48, 98, 105, 109, 114, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, 111, 194, 247 179, 189, 192, 198, 199, 212 Ramana maharishi, 111, 194 Prejudice(s), 9, 16, 20, 24, 114, 165 Ramanujan, 210 Psychic phenomena, 74, 201 Rao, K. R., 24, 113, 205, 207, 235, 237 Psychobiological, 114, 133 Rao, P..V..K., 149, 150 Psychokinesis, 151 Rao, S..K..R., 109 Psychological Rasa, 46 act, 65 Rationalization, 179 observations, 88 Recaka, 53 Psychology Redundant, 6, 110 Indian, 1, 5, 17, 99, 113, 114, 175–177, Reincarnation 192–195, 197–199, 229, 233–239, 248 the doctrine of, 41 indigenous, 176 Renunciatory, 198 of transcendence, 113, 114 Residual karma, 95 peace, 239, 242, 248 Rhine, J. B., 206, 235 positive, 10 Rhine, L.E., 206, 228 transformational, 62 Rikhye, K., 138, 148, 150 western, 113, 177, 197, 233 Rinpoche, Samdhong, 210 Psychophysical practices, 5, 151 Ritskes, R., 144 Psychophysiological method, 118 Rogers, L. J., 141 Psycho-somatic, 63, 161 Rosenthal, R., 150 Psychospiritual Rtambharā prajñā, 81 craft, 1 Rubin, D.B., 150 Pudgalavādins, 195 Rukmani, T.S., 36, 39, 47, 59, 66, 70, 83, 91 Puligandla, R., 16, 24 Rūpa, 46, 196 Puṇya, 42 Pūraka, 53 S Puruṣa, 2–4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19–21, 31, Śabda, 46, 218 33, 39, 40, 45–50, 61, 77, 80–82, Śabdārtha jñāna, 27 Index 259

Sadchidananda, 225 Schuman, M., 138, 141 Sādhanā Pāda, 35 Schwartz, G. E., 127, 148, 153 Saint, 77, 111, 189, 213 Sedlmeier, P., 162 Sākṣin, 182, 214 Segal, Z. V., 118, 130, 157 Salvation, 5, 78 Self, 7, 11, 12, 22, 26, 30, 31, 36, 38, 39, 45, Samādhi 46, 48, 57, 61, 62, 68, 85, 92, 100–102, asamprajñāta, 8–10, 16, 20, 33, 58–60, 104, 110, 129, 145, 177, 181, 183–185, 68–71, 165, 218 187–190, 195, 209, 211, 215–217, 222, parinama, 60, 71, 72 224, 230, 236, 241, 245, 248 samprajñāta, 8, 9, 16, 17, 33 Self-appropriation, 97 Samāna radiance, 78 Self-awareness, 56, 66, 90, 190, 216, 231 Samāpatti, 25–27, 29, 32 Self-perpetuation, 226 Sāṃkhya Self-realization, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 41, 42, 48, dualism of consciousness, 2 49, 51, 63, 91–94, 102, 106, 108, 179, Sāṃkhya-Kārika, 39, 88, 89 189, 192, 193, 213, 218, 236–241, 248 Sāṃkhyapravacanabhāṣya, 97 Selvamurty, W., 158 Sāṃkhya-Yoga, 2–7, 9, 11, 17, 18, 35, 40, 45, Settiwar, R. M., 157 47, 72, 74, 77, 79, 84, 87, 94, 96, 101, Sexual abstinence, 52 103–107, 185, 195, 198, 225 Shapiro, D. H., 137, 138 Saṃsāra, 30, 31, 37, 44, 45, 49, 61, 86, 92, 93, Sharma, K. N., 149 106, 109, 119, 178, 179, 186, 196, 199 Sharma, M. P., 159 Saṃskāra(s) Sharp, G., 244 nirodha, 60, 70, 71 Shear, J., 162 vyutthāna, 59 Siddhis Samprajñāta, 59, 60, 70, 71, 165 yogic, 65 Samprayoga, 52 Śīlas, 121 Samvega, 19 Singh, B., 140, 141 Samyag darśanam, 44 Singh, M., 145 Saṃyama, 55, 56, 60, 66, 67, 74–78, 80, 81, Singh, P., 163 119, 124, 219 Singh, R. H., 160 Saṃyoga, 45, 105, 226 Sinha, D., 176, 235 Samyutta-Nikaya, 119, 196 Sinha, J. L., 132 Sancita karma, 95 Sinha, P., 155 Śaṇkara, 92, 94, 107, 109 Sinha, S. N., 149 Santoṣa, 51 Sivam, 177, 231 Sastri, S.S., 107 Skepticism, 203 Sat-cit-ānanda, 108, 181, 214 Smith, J. C., 117, 125, 154 Sattva, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 21, 24, 26, 29, 33, 39, 40, Smṛti, 13, 14, 19 44–46, 49, 52, 57, 68, 75–77, 79, 80, 82, Sogen, O., 129 88, 101, 103, 106, 107, 184 Soman, A.M., 159 Sattvic, 3, 5, 24, 75, 97, 101, 103, 193 Soul, 187, 206, 208, 239, 243 Satyagraha, 238, 243–247 Sparśa, 46 Satyam, 177, 194, 231 Sphota Satya-pratiṣṭhāyām, 52 theory of language, 75 Sauca, 51 vada, 75 Saumanasya, 52 Spielberger, 148 Savicāra, 17, 28 Sraddhā, 19, 22 Savitarka, 17, 27, 28 Śravaṇa, 62, 180 Sa-yujya, 94 Sridevi, K., 149 Scandinavian yoga, 137 Sthitaprajñā, 111, 114 Scarano,T., 153 Sthūla, 79 Schmeidler, G. R., 151 Sthūla śarīra, 183 Schmidt, H., 152 Stroebel, C. F., 141 Schultz, J. H., 130 Subliminal latencies, 118 260 Index

Substratum, 5, 17, 73, 86, 102 Uchida, H., 209 Sukṣma, 41, 53, 79 Udāna, 78 Sundaram, 177, 194, 231 Udupa, K. N., 159 Supernormal, 10, 24, 55, 65, 85, 103 Ūha, 46 Suṣupti, 182 Unambiguous, 55, 65 Svādhyāya, 36, 37, 61, 126 Upacāra, 118, 121, 123 Svapna, 182 Upaniṣads, 107, 109 Svarūpa, 28, 79 Upāya-pratyaya, 18, 19 Svarūpa-pratiṣṭha, 108 Svarūpa śūnya, 56, 66 V Svātmārāma, 163 Vācaspati, 2 Swatmarama, Y., 137 Vācika, 188 Vahia, H. S., 153 T Vairāgya, 14–16, 19, 20, 33, 35, 92, 194, 198, Tai Chi, 125, 130 212, 217, 227 Taimni, I. K., 9, 13, 17, 18, 25, 41, 66, 70 apara, 15 Tamas, 2, 5, 9, 11–13, 21, 26, 29, 39, 40, 44, para, 15 46, 57, 68, 75, 77, 88, 93, 96, 103, 106 Vaira-tyāgaḥ, 52 Tan, G., 141 Vaitṛsṇya, 16 Tanmatras, 5, 17 Vakil, R. J., 138 Tapas, 36, 37, 52, 61, 85 Vāsanās, 31, 48, 57, 68, 86–88, 93, 95, 96, 98, Tārakam, 82 103, 109, 110, 118, 185, 215 Targ, Russell, 206 Vaśikāra, 16 Tattva jñāna, 109 Vaśikārah, 25 Tat tvam asi, 107, 196 Vaśikāra-samjñā, 15 Teasdale, J. D., 118, 130, 157 Vasu, S. C., 163 Telles, S., 149 Vedānta, 3, 4, 21, 104, 161, 178, 214, 218, 230 Therapeutic persuasion, 245 advaita, 4, 54, 107, 194, 198 Tola, F., 7, 9, 12, 16, 24, 25, 33 Vedānta-Sūtras, 109 Tomography, 143, 144 Vedas, 12, 13, 218 Toneatto, T., 157 Vengeance, 39 Transcendence, 114, 115, 119, 121, 123, 131, desire of, 39 133, 150, 151, 192, 196, 197, 227, 228 Vibhūti Pāda, 74, 83, 101, 150 Transcendental, 4, 12, 21, 27, 32, 58, 82, Vicāra, 17 101–103, 106, 115, 126, 161, 193, 213 Vicārānugata, 58, 69 aloneness, 94 Videha(s), 18 realization, 78, 102, 103, 181, 194 Videha-mukti, 109, 111 Transcognitive, 8, 16, 18, 27–30, 58, 59, Vijñānabhikṣu, 12, 18, 24, 65 68–70, 77, 81 Vijñāna-consciousness, 94 Transperceptual Vijñānavāda Buddhism, 94, 110 experience, 123 Vikalpa, 13, 14, 27, 32 Tranquility, 15, 31, 122, 133, 165 Vikṣepa, 187 Travis, F. T., 143 Vikṣipta, 8, 32, 57, 68 Trembling, 22 Vinaya Piṭaka, 121 Trilogy of the mind, 191 Vinekar, S. L., 139 Trimsatika, 195 Vinod, R. S., 155 TRIŚŪLA, 201, 220 Vinod, S. D., 155 Truthfulness, 52, 118, 247 Viparyaya, 13, 14, 32 Turīya, 182, 189 Vīrya, 19 Tyrrell, G. N. M., 228 Visamvādābhāva, 111 Viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya-bhāva, 97 U Viśuddhimagga, 121, 123, 128 Ubiquitous, 3, 61, 85, 89, 242 Buddhaghoṣa’s, 2, 117, 118 predicament, 86 Vitakka, 122 Index 261

Vitarka, 17 Wundt, 233 Vitarkānugata, 58, 69 Viveka-khyāti, 49, 54, 62, 92 Y Vivekananda, Swami, 17 Yama, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 65, 118, 166 Vivekaniaḥ, 43, 44 Yamashita, O., 209 Vyasa, 4, 149 Yatamana, 15 Vyatireka, 15 Yoga Vyāvahārika, 105, 107 anasakti, 240 experience, 78 aṅga of, 50 Vyuttāna, 59 bhakti, 191, 193 Vyutthāna hatha, 125 saṃskāra(s), 59 jñāna, 152, 190, 193 kundalini, 125 W metapsychology of, 175 Wachholtz, A. B., 159 nidrā, 142, 143, 155 Wallace, R. K., 117, 127 practices, 1, 2, 116 Walsh, R. N., 137, 138 psychology, 6, 10, 12, 33, 41, 98 Warrenburg, S., 141, 145 rubric of, 9, 125 Warshal, D., 160 sahaja, 125, 146 Watsonian, 10 scandinavian, 137 Watson, J. B., 10 Yoga-Sūtra(s), 1, 2, 4–7, 31, 33, 35, 55, 61, 68, Weber, 233 72, 74, 81, 83, 94, 104, 107, 108, 113, Wenger, M. A., 140, 141 115, 117, 118, 126, 132, 142, 149, 151, Wenneberg, S. R., 159 158, 165, 175, 176, 197, 212, 229 Western, 197, 221, 233 patanjali’s, 5, 71, 118 education, 233, 234 Yoga-vaśiṣṭha, 110 psychology, 177, 197, 233 Yogic, 10, 16, 19, 23, 55, 65, 72, 79–81, 113 tradition, 152, 209, 221, 233 lineages, 125 West, M. A., 74, 117, 138, 176, 177, 198, 234, meditation, 116, 128, 140 235 Yogin, 9, 19–21, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, White, R. A, 229 40, 42, 44, 49–56, 58–60, 65, 67–72, Woods Dispatch, 234 75–78, 80–82, 84, 85, 87, 92, 94, Woods, J. H., 6, 9, 13, 17, 23–26, 28, 36, 42, 138–142, 198, 212–214, 247 45, 50, 52, 56, 67, 76, 86, 90 Yuj, 7 World, 4, 5, 11, 22, 31, 38, 45–47, 52, 61, 72, Yuji-a, 7 78, 79, 87, 88, 92, 100, 104, 107–110, 114, 122, 150, 176, 185, 197, 201, 210, Z 215, 216, 223, 230, 235, 239, 240, 248 Zen, 118, 125, 138, 140, 151 evolution of the, 5, 46 meditation, 129, 140, 144, 152, 154 validity of the external, 4