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Opportunistic Infections M O D U L E 6 : O p p o r t u n i s t i c I n f e c t i o n s T. .ABLE. .OF. .CONTENT. i. TECHNICAL CONTENT MANUAL Activity 1- Overview of Opportunistic Infections............................... 1 Activity 2- Symptoms of Opportunistic Infections.…………………. 4 Activity 3- Opportunistic Infection: Malaria....................................... 7 Activity 4- Opportunistic Infection: Tuberculosis..…………………. 11 Activity 5- Health Worker-Patient Role Play.………………………. 16 Activity 6- Healthy Body, Healthy Home, Health Food.……………. 19 Activity 7- Video Activity…………………………………………… 24 ii. CREATIVE SCRIPTS Activity 1- Overview of Opportunistic Infections.............................. 26 Activity 2- Symptoms of Opportunistic Infections.………………… 30 Activity 3- Opportunistic Infection: Malaria....................................... 33 Activity 4- Opportunistic Infection: Tuberculosis..…………………. 38 Activity 5- Health Worker-Patient Role Play.……………………….. 43 Activity 6- Healthy Body, Healthy Home, Health Food.……………. 48 Activity 7- Video Activity…………………………………………….. 54 I . TECHNICAL CONTENT MANUAL Module 6 OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS Activity 1 - Overview Of Opportunistic Infections Objectives l To define opportunistic infections l To understand how the immune system works for someone with HIV, and the impact of OIs on the immune system. l Identify Malaria and TB as the most common OIs for PLHIV Time l 30 minutes Materials l CD Player l “My Life” CD (Disc 6) Track 1: Overview of Opportunistic Infections Facilitator lHealth worker or NGO worker Preparation Familiarize yourself with the topics of OIs and the immune system. Make sure the cassette player and the tape operate well. HOW TO RUN THIS ACTIVITY lFacilitator: Start the activity. Greet and welcome everyone in the meeting. Facilitator: tell participants that Today we will talk about the different diseases or infections that are most common among persons living with HIV. Ask participants: What are some of the different illnesses PLHIV usually develop? Encourage them to use their own language of the common names they call the diseases. 1 . M O D U L E 6 : O p p o r t u n i s t i c I n f e c t i o n s Possible Responses: When the body becomes very weak from HIV, PLHIV have to be more careful with their health because ordinary diseases are more dangerous when you are HIV+. Some diseases that should be taken very seriously include the following: l Infections and Tumors l Tuberculosis l Malaria l Diarrhea l White creamy substance in the mouth, throat, stomach, vagina and anus (Candida or Thrush) l Skin Cancer (Kaposi's Sarcoma, cervical cancer in women) l Various kinds of Pneumonia Ask participants: What are some of the signs of illnesses PLHIV usually develop? Encourage them to use their own language of the common names they call the diseases. Possible Responses: l Losing a lot of weight l Muscle pains l Mouth sores l Skin conditions l Mental and emotional confusion (Dementia, memory loss, hallucinations)) l Breathing difficulties (pneumonia, bronchitis) Ask participants: What is an opportunistic infection? Possible Answer An opportunistic infection (OI) is any infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system to cause disease. It attacks the body when it is weak and can not fight infections. Ask participants: What is the immune system? Possible answers: The immune system works to defend the body against attacks by germs. l CD4 cells are the cells that protect us from illness. 2 M O D U L E 6 : O p p o r t u n i s t i c I n f e c t i o n s As the immune system weakens, the body loses the ability to fight disease like malaria or tuberculosis. Ask participants: What happens with the immune system and HIV virus? Possible answers: (definitely pre-test this section to see if people understand it) l HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of copies and eventually destroys the CD4 cells. l When the body has few CD4 cells left, the person is more likely to get sick from small infections and minor diseases. l Most people who die of AIDS die from the infections that the body can no longer control. Tell participants: We are going to talk about the immune system and use a house metaphor to understand the impact of HIV on the immune system. Divide participants into small groups and have them discuss the following: “What happens to a house during a heavy rain?” Bring them back together and share responses. Possible Responses: l If rain falls down on a house with a solid roof, then the house protects us from the rain. l If rain falls down on a house with the roof that is falling apart, then the house cannot protect us from the rain and we get wet. Ask participants: “What happens to the body's defenses against ordinary infections?” Possible Responses: l If the immune system is strong, the body can fight illness and remain health. l If our body has a weak immune system, then it cannot protect us from infection and one gets ill and can not fight the infection. l It is very important to recognize symptoms early and seek treatment and care. l PLHIV should not wait with symptoms or signs of infection. They must seek treatment early. 3 . Module 6: Opportunistic Infections Activity 2- Symptoms Of Opportunistic Infections Objectives l To recognize the signs/symptoms of OIs. l To recognize the importance of promptly seeking care and treatment from health providers. l To identify symptoms of Malaria and TB, the two most important OIs among PLHIV in Ghana. Time l 30 minutes Materials l “My Life” CD (Disc 6) Track 2: Symptoms of Opportunistic Infections l CD Player l OI Symptom Cards (1.Diarrhea, 2.Fever & Chills, 3.Headaches & Dizziness, 4.Mouth Ulcers, Sore Throat, and Pain Swallowing, 5. Coughing and Difficulty Breathing, 5. 6. Nausea & Vomiting, 7. Itchy Skin and Rash) Facilitator Health worker or NGO worker Preparation l Familiarize yourself with the 7 OI symptoms cards HOW TO RUN THIS ACTIVITY Facilitator: Tell participants that today we will talk about the importance of recognizing the signs and symptoms of infection in our body. Once we recognize the symptoms, we need to seek treatment early from a health provider to prevent the infection from getting worse. Tell participants we will play a Game of Charades on symptoms of OIs l Divide the group into two teams: A and B. l Have the 7 OI symptom cards at hand l Explain the rules: l One person has to "act out" the OI symptom without speaking. 4 M O D U L E 6 : O p p o r t u n i s t i c I n f e c t i o n s l Other members of the team try to guess the symptom. l The objective is for your team to guess as quickly as possible. l Team A chooses one person to act. Have that person come to the front of the room. l Give him or her one card with the OI symptom. l That person acts out the chosen symptom, and his/her team guesses the symptom. A correct guess gives the team one point. l If Team A does not guess correctly within 30 seconds, Team B has the chance to guess and steal the point. l If neither team guesses correctly, the person who picked the card can share the correct answer. No team gets a point. l Then Team B gets to act and guess. l Teams switch off until there are no more cards. l The team with the most points wins. l Ask participants: What are the most common signs and symptoms of OI in PLHIV ? Possible Answers: l Diarrhea l Nausea and vomiting l Fevers and Chills l Headaches and dizziness l Mouth ulcers, sore throat pain swallowing l Coughing and difficulty breathing l Itchy skin and Rash l Weight loss, weakness l Sweating at night l Purple spots on the skin l Mental confusion, hallucinations, seizures Ask participants: What do you know about Malaria and TB, the most common opportunistic infections that affect PLHIV? Possible Answers: l Malaria is made worse when the person is weak from HIV. l Coughing for 2 weeks or more, coughing up blood, chest pains, unintentional weight loss in last 3 months, loss of appetite, fever for more than a week & night sweats can be TB. l Need a sputum test to confirm TB. 5 . M O D U L E 6 : O p p o r t u n i s t i c I n f e c t i o n s l TB Tests are available for free at most clinics. l Need a test to confirm Malaria. l It is very important to recognize symptoms early and seek treatment and cure. l Do not wait with symptoms or signs, seek treatment early. Ask participants: What are the best things PLHIV can do after recognizing the signs of illness or infections in our body? Possible answers: l It is very important to recognize symptoms early and seek treatment and cure. l Do not wait with symptoms or signs, seek treatment early. l Seeking prompt care and treatment can save your life. l Coughing for 2 weeks or more, coughing up blood, chest pains, unintentional weight loss in last 3 months, loss of appetite, fever for more than a week & night sweats can be TB. l Fever and chills can be Malaria. l Go to health center and ask for Malaria or TB test. l Need a test to confirm Malaria or TB. l Start treatment as soon as possible.
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