Upsala-Gletscher

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Upsala-Gletscher From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Upsala Glacier as seen from the International Space Station , October 2009. Upsala-Gletscher wie der aus gesehen Internationalen Raumstation , Oktober 2009 Der Upsala-Gletscher ist ein großer Talgletscher in Argentinien 's Nationalpark Los Glaciares. Es fließt aus dem südlichen patagonischen Eis- feld, das auch den nahe gelegenen Gletscher Perito Moreno speist. Der Gletschers reicht in den Lago Argentino. Der Upsala-Gletscher ist wegen seines raschen Rückzuges bekannt, der von vielen als Beweis für die glo- bale Erwärmung angeführt wird. Der Name stammt von der alten Rechtschreibung mit einem p von der Universität Uppsala, die als erste sponserte die glaziologische Studien in dieser Region sponserte Der Gletscher zog sich bis 1999 ständig zurück. Das hat in jüngster Zeit nachgelassen (Stand 2003). Die vorherige Beschleunigung in der Eisbe- wegung in den zwei Jahrzehnten vor 1999 kann der durch die Rückspannung erklärt werden, als sich der Gletscher über die Inseln in Brazo Upsala zurückgezogen hat. Andengletscher Pico Bolívar Pico Humboldt Pico Bonpland Nevado del Ruiz Antisana Cotopaxi Chimborazo Alpamayo Huascaran Tropical Andes (11° N–20° S) Sabancaya Ampato Chacaltaya Pico Bolívar Tropischen Anden (11 ° N-20 ° S) Pico Humboldt Pico Bonpland Nevado del Ruiz Antisana Cotopaxi Chimborazo Alpamayo Huascaran Sabancaya Ampato Chacaltaya Dry Andes (20°–35° S) Polish Juncal Marmolejo La Paloma San Trockene Anden (20 ° -35 ° S) Francisco Tupungato Polnisch Juncal Marmolejo La Paloma San Francisco Tupungato Sollipulli Pichillancahue- Turbio Mocho- Choshuenco Tronador Gran Campo Nevado Andere Sollipulli Pichillancahue- Turbio Mocho- Choshuenco Tronador Gran Campo Nevado Grosse Exploradores Reicher Gualas San Rafael Fiero Leon San Northern Quintín Soler Benito Patagonian Ice Field Nef Cachet Colonia Northern Steffen Grosse patagonischen Exploradores Reicher Eisfeld Gualas San Rafael Fiero Wet Andes (35°–55° S) Leon San Quintin Wet Anden (35 ° -55 ° S) Soler Benito Nef Cachet Colonia Steffen Jorge Montt Bernardo O'Higgins Brüggen Viedma Upsala Perito Southern Patagoni- Moreno Dickson Grey an Ice Field Amalia Tyndall/Geike Southern patagoni- Jorge Montt Bernardo schen Eisfeld O'Higgins Brüggen Viedma Upsala Perito Moreno Dickson Grau Amalia Tyndall / Geike Alemania Garibaldi Cordillera Darwin Marinelli Stopanni Cordillera Darwin Alemania Garibaldi Marinelli Stopanni Hinweis: Die Gletscher im Süden durch den Breitengrad bestellt von Norden nach, mit bedeutenden Gletscher Berge kursiv dargestellt in. The Upsala, aerial view View from the Argentino Lake .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Glacier Clusters Identification Across Chilean Andes Using Topo- Climatic Variables
EGU21-10852 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10852 EGU General Assembly 2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Glacier Clusters identification across Chilean Andes using Topo- Climatic variables Alexis Caro1, Fernando Gimeno2, Antoine Rabatel1, Thomas Condom1, and Jean Carlos Ruiz3 1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France ([email protected]) 2Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile 3Sorbonne Université, Paris, France This study presents a glacier clustering for the Chilean Andes (17.6-55.4°S) realized with the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm and using topographic and climatic variables over the 1980-2019 period. We classified ~24,000 glaciers inside thirteen different clusters (C1 to C13). These clusters show specific conditions in terms of annual and monthly amounts of precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation. In the Northern part of Chile, the Dry Andes (17-36°S) gather five clusters (C1-C5) that display mean annual precipitation and temperature differences up to 400 mm/yr and 8°C, respectively, and a mean elevation difference reaching 1800 m between glaciers in C1 and C5 clusters. In the Wet Andes (36-56°S) the highest differences were observed at the Southern Patagonia Icefield (50°S), with mean annual values for precipitation above 3700 mm/yr (C12, maritime conditions) and below 1000 mm/yr in the east of Southern Patagonia Icefield (C10), and with a difference in mean annual temperature near 4°C and mean elevation contrast of 500 m.
[Show full text]
Variations of Patagonian Glaciers, South America, Utilizing RADARSAT Images
Variations of Patagonian Glaciers, South America, utilizing RADARSAT Images Masamu Aniya Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571 Japan Phone: +81-298-53-4309, Fax: +81-298-53-4746, e-mail: [email protected] Renji Naruse Institute of Low Temperature Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819 Japan, Phone: +81-11-706-5486, Fax: +81-11-706-7142, e-mail: [email protected] Gino Casassa Institute of Patagonia, University of Magallanes, Avenida Bulness 01855, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile, Phone: +56-61-207179, Fax: +56-61-219276, e-mail: [email protected] and Andres Rivera Department of Geography, University of Chile, Marcoleta 250, Casilla 338, Santiago, Chile, Phone: +56-2-6783032, Fax: +56-2-2229522, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Combining RADARSAT images (1997) with either Landsat MSS (1987 for NPI) or TM (1986 for SPI), variations of major glaciers of the Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI, 4200 km2) and of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI, 13,000 km2) were studied. Of the five NPI glaciers studied, San Rafael Glacier showed a net advance, while other glaciers, San Quintin, Steffen, Colonia and Nef retreated during the same period. With additional data of JERS-1 images (1994), different patterns of variations for periods of 1986-94 and 1994-97 are recognized. Of the seven SPI glaciers studied, Pio XI Glacier, the largest in South America, showed a net advance, gaining a total area of 5.66 km2. Two RADARSAT images taken in January and April 1997 revealed a surge-like very rapid glacier advance.
[Show full text]
Remote Sensing Study of Glacial Change in the Northern Patagonian Icefield
Advances in Remote Sensing, 2015, 4, 270-279 Published Online December 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ars http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2015.44022 Remote Sensing Study of Glacial Change in the Northern Patagonian Icefield Lucy Dixon, Shrinidhi Ambinakudige Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA Received 23 October 2015; accepted 27 November 2015; published 30 November 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Patagonian Icefield has the largest temperate ice mass in the southern hemisphere. Using re- mote sensing techniques, this study analyzed multi-decadal glacial retreat and expansion of glaci- er lakes in Northern Patagonia. Glacial boundaries and glacier lake boundaries for 1979, 1985, 2000, and 2013 were delineated from Chilean topographic maps and Landsat satellite images. As- ter stereo images were used to measure mass balance from 2007 to 2012. The highest retreat was observed in San Quintin glacier. The area of glacier lakes increased from 13.49 km2 in 1979 to 65.06 km2 in 2013. Four new glacier lakes formed between 1979 and 2013. Between 2007 and 2012, significant glacial thinning was observed in major glaciers, including HPN1, Pared Norte, Strindberg, Acodado, Nef, San Quintin, Colonia, HPN4, and Benito glaciers. Generally, ablation zones lost more mass than accumulation zones. Keywords Patagonia, Glaciers, South America, ASTER 1. Introduction Glaciers are key indicators for assessing climate change [1]-[3]. Beginning in the nineteenth century, glaciers in many parts of the world retreated significantly, which was a clear indicator of climate warming [3]-[7].
[Show full text]
Tours and Activities Season 2020-2021
Tours and Activities Season 2020-2021 Activities at Other activities Activities at EOLO Los Glaciares National Park in the area Tours and Activities Through the following guide, we expose the most representative activities in the area, in order to explore the surroundings of EOLO and Los Glaciares National Park. At EOLO, we can help you design the program that best suits your preferences, physical condition and duration of the stay, thus achieving an optimal itinerary to discover southern Patagonia and all its attractions. General notes . All activities are subject to availability, which is why we suggest booking in advance. Being outdoor activities, weather conditions could cause possible cancellations, changes or adjustments on the itinerary. The activities that take place in the National Park are conducted by companies designated by the National Park Administration. How to use the tours and activities guide: . The activities are grouped according to four main areas: Activities at EOLO, Perito Moreno Glacier area, Punta Bandera Port area, Other activities. We recommend to engage in one activity per area. It is required to hire a shuttle and an authorized guide to access the Perito Moreno glacier area. Both services are booked separately from the tours. To access Punta Bandera port area, it is also required to hire a shuttle, booked separately from the tours. El Chaltén Lago Vie dm a Upsala Glacier CHILE Estancia Cristina Spegazzini Glacier Lago Argentino Airport Punta Bandera El Calafate EOLO Perito Moreno Glacier Roca Lake 20 km 10 ml Google Activities at EOLO The land where the hotel stands extends to 10.000 acres, 30 minutes away from El Calafate, TREKKING on the way to Perito Moreno glacier.
[Show full text]
Area Changes of Glaciers on Active Volcanoes in Latin America Between 1986 and 2015 Observed from Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery
Journal of Glaciology (2019), 65(252) 542–556 doi: 10.1017/jog.2019.30 © The Author(s) 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Area changes of glaciers on active volcanoes in Latin America between 1986 and 2015 observed from multi-temporal satellite imagery JOHANNES REINTHALER,1,2 FRANK PAUL,1 HUGO DELGADO GRANADOS,3 ANDRÉS RIVERA,2,4 CHRISTIAN HUGGEL1 1Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile 3Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico 4Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile Correspondence: Johannes Reinthaler <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. Glaciers on active volcanoes are subject to changes in both climate fluctuations and vol- canic activity. Whereas many studies analysed changes on individual volcanoes, this study presents for the first time a comparison of glacier changes on active volcanoes on a continental scale. Glacier areas were mapped for 59 volcanoes across Latin America around 1986, 1999 and 2015 using a semi- automated band ratio method combined with manual editing using satellite images from Landsat 4/5/ 7/8 and Sentinel-2. Area changes were compared with the Smithsonian volcano database to analyse pos- sible glacier–volcano interactions. Over the full period, the mapped area changed from 1399.3 ± 80 km2 − to 1016.1 ± 34 km2 (−383.2 km2)or−27.4% (−0.92% a 1) in relative terms.
[Show full text]
A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere
feart-08-00099 June 20, 2020 Time: 19:44 # 1 REVIEW published: 23 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00099 A Review of the Current State and Recent Changes of the Andean Cryosphere M. H. Masiokas1*, A. Rabatel2, A. Rivera3,4, L. Ruiz1, P. Pitte1, J. L. Ceballos5, G. Barcaza6, A. Soruco7, F. Bown8, E. Berthier9, I. Dussaillant9 and S. MacDonell10 1 Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT CONICET Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina, 2 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Grenoble, France, 3 Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 4 Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 5 Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), Bogotá, Colombia, 6 Instituto de Geografía, Pontiﬁcia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 7 Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia, 8 Tambo Austral Geoscience Consultants, Valdivia, Chile, 9 LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France, 10 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile The Andes Cordillera contains the most diverse cryosphere on Earth, including extensive areas covered by seasonal snow, numerous tropical and extratropical glaciers, and many mountain permafrost landforms. Here, we review some recent advances in the study of the main components of the cryosphere in the Andes, and discuss the Edited by: changes observed in the seasonal snow and permanent ice masses of this region Bryan G. Mark, The Ohio State University, over the past decades. The open access and increasing availability of remote sensing United States products has produced a substantial improvement in our understanding of the current Reviewed by: state and recent changes of the Andean cryosphere, allowing an unprecedented detail Tom Holt, Aberystwyth University, in their identiﬁcation and monitoring at local and regional scales.
[Show full text]
Glacier Fluctuations During the Past 2000 Years
Quaternary Science Reviews 149 (2016) 61e90 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Glacier ﬂuctuations during the past 2000 years * Olga N. Solomina a, , Raymond S. Bradley b, Vincent Jomelli c, Aslaug Geirsdottir d, Darrell S. Kaufman e, Johannes Koch f, Nicholas P. McKay e, Mariano Masiokas g, Gifford Miller h, Atle Nesje i, j, Kurt Nicolussi k, Lewis A. Owen l, Aaron E. Putnam m, n, Heinz Wanner o, Gregory Wiles p, Bao Yang q a Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny-29, 119017 Staromonetny, Moscow, Russia b Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA c Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS Laboratoire de Geographie Physique, 92195 Meudon, France d Department of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland e School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA f Department of Geography, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada g Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CCT CONICET Mendoza, CC 330 Mendoza, Argentina h INSTAAR and Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, USA i Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway j Uni Research Climate AS at Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway k Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria l Department of Geology,
[Show full text]
Tournament 33 Round #2
Tournament 33 Round 2 Tossups 1. One version of this statement was issued while standing on one foot by Hillel in lieu of reciting the entire Torah. A lawyer asks a clarifying question about this teaching in the Gospel of Luke, as worded before the phrase "I am the LORD" in Leviticus 18:19, before the parable of the Good Samaritan. In the synoptic Gospels, Jesus calls this precept the second (*) "great commandment" of the law, after loving God. For 10 points, name this Biblical ethical principle of acting the same way they wish others might act. ANSWER: Golden Rule [or Love your neighbor as yourself; or That which is hateful to you, do not do to another; or ethic of reciprocity; accept "thee," "thy," etc. for "you," "your," etc.] 104-13-75-02101 2. Django Reinhardt's “Mystery Pacific” imitated one of these things and was influenced by Duke Ellington's piece about a “Daybreak” one of these objects. A Harry Warren-Mack Gordon tune about one of these states that, “Read a magazine and then you're in Baltimore.” A Jimmy Forrest standard about a “Night” variety of one of these things was covered by James Brown and includes Brown announcing the names of east coast cities. Another Ellington tune discusses (*) taking the “A” one of these in “Sugar Hill way up in Harlem.” For 10 points, name this mode of transportation depicted in “Chattanooga Choo-choo.” ANSWER: trains 030-13-75-02102 3. This leader approved Georges Couthon's Law of 22 Prairial. This man worked in conjunction with Saint-Just.
[Show full text]
Debris Flows Occurrence in the Semiarid Central Andes Under Climate Change Scenario
geosciences Review Debris Flows Occurrence in the Semiarid Central Andes under Climate Change Scenario Stella M. Moreiras 1,2,* , Sergio A. Sepúlveda 3,4 , Mariana Correas-González 1 , Carolina Lauro 1 , Iván Vergara 5, Pilar Jeanneret 1, Sebastián Junquera-Torrado 1 , Jaime G. Cuevas 6, Antonio Maldonado 6,7, José L. Antinao 8 and Marisol Lara 3 1 Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología & Ciencias Ambientales, CONICET, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; [email protected] (M.C.-G.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (P.J.); [email protected] (S.J.-T.) 2 Catedra de Edafología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5528AHB, Argentina 3 Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; [email protected] (S.A.S.); [email protected] (M.L.) 4 Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O0Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile 5 Grupo de Estudios Ambientales–IPATEC, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina; [email protected] 6 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad de La Serena, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; [email protected] (J.G.C.); [email protected] (A.M.) 7 Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile 8 Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +54-26-1524-4256 Citation: Moreiras, S.M.; Sepúlveda, Abstract: This review paper compiles research related to debris ﬂows and hyperconcentrated ﬂows S.A.; Correas-González, M.; Lauro, C.; in the central Andes (30◦–33◦ S), updating the knowledge of these phenomena in this semiarid region.
[Show full text]
1976 Bicentennial Mckinley South Buttress Expedition
THE MOUNTAINEER • Cover:Mowich Glacier Art Wolfe The Mountaineer EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Verna Ness, Editor; Herb Belanger, Don Brooks, Garth Ferber. Trudi Ferber, Bill French, Jr., Christa Lewis, Mariann Schmitt, Paul Seeman, Loretta Slater, Roseanne Stukel, Mary Jane Ware. Writing, graphics and photographs should be submitted to the Annual Editor, The Mountaineer, at the address below, before January 15, 1978 for consideration. Photographs should be black and white prints, at least 5 x 7 inches, with caption and photo grapher's name on back. Manuscripts should be typed double· spaced, with at least 1 Y:z inch margins, and include writer's name, address and phone number. Graphics should have caption and artist's name on back. Manuscripts cannot be returned. Properly identified photographs and graphics will be returnedabout June. Copyright © 1977, The Mountaineers. Entered as second·class matter April8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Washington, under the act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly, except July, when semi-monthly, by The Mountaineers, 719 Pike Street,Seattle, Washington 98101. Subscription price, monthly bulletin and annual, $6.00 per year. ISBN 0-916890-52-X 2 THE MOUNTAINEERS PURPOSES To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanentform the history and tra ditions of thisregion; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of NorthwestAmerica; To make expeditions into these regions in fulfill ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all loversof outdoor life. 0 � . �·' ' :···_I·:_ Red Heather ' J BJ. Packard 3 The Mountaineer At FerryBasin B.
[Show full text]
Argentina SOLAR ECLIPSE ADVENTURE December 9-19, 2020 | 11 Days
Argentina SOLAR ECLIPSE ADVENTURE December 9-19, 2020 | 11 days TRIP ITINERARY 1.800.941.8010 | www.boundlessjourneys.com How we deliver THE WORLD’S GREAT ADVENTURES A passion for travel. Simply put, we love to travel, and that Small groups. Although the camaraderie of a group of like- infectious spirit is woven into every one of our journeys. Our minded travelers often enhances the journey, there can be staff travels the globe searching out hidden-gem inns and too much of a good thing! We tread softly, and our average lodges, taste-testing bistros, trattorias, and noodle stalls, group size is just 8–10 guests, allowing us access to and discovering the trails and plying the waterways of each opportunities that would be unthinkable with a larger group. remarkable destination. When we come home, we separate Flexibility to suit your travel style. We offer both wheat from chaff, creating memorable adventures that will scheduled, small-group departures and custom journeys so connect you with the very best qualities of each destination. that you can choose which works best for you. Not finding Unique, award-winning itineraries. Our flexible, hand- exactly what you are looking for? Let us customize a journey crafted journeys have received accolades from the to fulfill your travel dreams. world’s most revered travel publications. Beginning from Customer service that goes the extra mile. Having trouble our appreciation for the world’s most breathtaking and finding flights that work for you? Want to surprise your interesting destinations, we infuse our journeys with the traveling companion with a bottle of champagne at a tented elements of adventure and exploration that stimulate our camp in the Serengeti to celebrate an important milestone? souls and enliven our minds.
[Show full text]
Aconcagua Trip Packet
ACONCAGUA RAPID ASCENT™ DURATION: 14 DAYS LOCATION: ARGENTINA SKILL LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE ACONCAGUA RAPID ASCENT Expedition Details DURATION: 14 DAYS LOCATION: ARGENTINA SKILL LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARY COST: $12,450 DIFFICULTY LEVEL DESCRIPTION: Intermediate – No technical climbing experience is necessary although Aconcagua is notorious for being physically challenging. The weather is cold and the mountain is tall. It is imperative that you are in excellent physical shape, and able to hike in rugged terrain for long days. PREREQUISITES: Participants should have prior experience climbing or VIEW UPCOMING TRIPS AT trekking at altitude over 18,000 feet/5,500 meters. Prior roped climbing and cramponing skills are strongly ALPENGLOWEXPEDITIONS.COM recommended. ALPENGLOWEXPEDITIONS.COM EXPEDITION DETAILS | 2 Expedition Introduction Why Climb Aconcagua Standing out as the highest point in the western hemisphere, Aconcagua draws climbers in with the allure of altitude as well as the relatively low technical nature the climbing presents. For many, Aconcagua serves as a necessary stepping stone to the larger and more remote peaks of the Himalaya. At nearly 7000m tall, climbers who attempt ROUTE CHOICE Aconcagua get a great test in their bodies ability We climb a route called the 360 route. This to acclimatize to extreme altitudes. A positive route mitigates the issue of crowds, trash, indication on Aconcagua bodes well for peaks and overuse encountered on the normal that are higher still. route, while enabling us to summit without any technical climbing. True to its Lastly, the support on Aconcagua provides a name, this exciting route combines parts real expedition experience with porters assisting of four different routes (The Polish Glacier, with camps, cooking and carrying along the Normal, Guanacos, and Ameghino) and way.
[Show full text]