Acoustic Metamaterial Properties of a 2D Closed Cellular Solid with Entrained Fluid
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Arxiv:1612.05988V1 [Cond-Mat.Soft] 18 Dec 2016
Bistable Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials Inspired by Ancient Geometric Motifs Ahmad Rafsanjania,b, Damiano Pasinib,∗ aHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA bMechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montr´eal,Qu´ebec H3A OC3, Canada Abstract Auxetic materials become thicker rather than thinner when stretched, exhibiting an unusual negative Poisson’s ratio well suited for designing shape transforming metama- terials. Current auxetic designs, however, are often monostable and cannot maintain the transformed shape upon load removal. Here, inspired by ancient geometric motifs arranged in square and triangular grids, we introduce a class of switchable architec- tured materials exhibiting simultaneous auxeticity and structural bistability. The ma- terial concept is experimentally realized by perforating various cut motifs into a sheet of rubber, thus creating a network of rotating units connected with compliant hinges. The metamaterial performance is assessed through mechanical testing and accurately predicted by a coherent set of finite element simulations. A discussion on a rich set of mechanical phenomena follows to shed light on the main design principles governing bistable auxetics. Keywords: mechanical metamaterials, auxetics, instability arXiv:1612.05988v1 [cond-mat.soft] 18 Dec 2016 ∗corresponding author Email addresses: [email protected] (Ahmad Rafsanjani), [email protected] (Damiano Pasini) Preprint submitted to Elsevier December 20, 2016 1. Introduction Mechanical metamaterials are designer matter with exotic mechanical properties mainly controlled by their unique architecture rather than their chemical make-up [1]. The Poisson’s ratio, ν, is the ratio between the transverse strain, "t, and the longitudinal strain, "l, in the loading direction (ν = −"t="l). -
Chapter 1 Metamaterials and the Mathematical Science
CHAPTER 1 METAMATERIALS AND THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE OF INVISIBILITY André Diatta, Sébastien Guenneau, André Nicolet, Fréderic Zolla Institut Fresnel (UMR CNRS 6133). Aix-Marseille Université 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France E-mails: [email protected];[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. In this chapter, we review some recent developments in the field of photonics: cloaking, whereby an object becomes invisible to an observer, and mirages, whereby an object looks like another one (say, of a different shape). Such optical illusions are made possible thanks to the advent of metamaterials, which are new kinds of composites designed using the concept of transformational optics. Theoretical concepts introduced here are illustrated by finite element computations. 1 2 A. Diatta, S. Guenneau, A. Nicolet, F. Zolla 1. Introduction In the past six years, there has been a growing interest in electromagnetic metamaterials1 , which are composites structured on a subwavelength scale modeled using homogenization theories2. Metamaterials have important practical applications as they enable a markedly enhanced control of electromagnetic waves through coordinate transformations which bring anisotropic and heterogeneous3 material parameters into their governing equations, except in the ray diffraction limit whereby material parameters remain isotropic4 . Transformation3 and conformal4 optics, as they are now known, open an unprecedented avenue towards the design of such metamaterials, with the paradigms of invisibility cloaks. In this review chapter, after a brief introduction to cloaking (section 2), we would like to present a comprehensive mathematical model of metamaterials introducing some basic knowledge of differential calculus. The touchstone of our presentation is that Maxwell’s equations, the governing equations for electromagnetic waves, retain their form under coordinate changes. -
Plasmonic and Metamaterial Structures As Electromagnetic Absorbers
Plasmonic and Metamaterial Structures as Electromagnetic Absorbers Yanxia Cui 1,2, Yingran He1, Yi Jin1, Fei Ding1, Liu Yang1, Yuqian Ye3, Shoumin Zhong1, Yinyue Lin2, Sailing He1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China 3 Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China Corresponding author: e-mail [email protected] Abstract: Electromagnetic absorbers have drawn increasing attention in many areas. A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrow band absorbers due to the excitation of plasmonic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, bio-sensing, etc. In other applications such as solar energy harvesting and photonic detection, the bandwidth of light absorbers is required to be quite broad. Under such a background, a variety of mechanisms of broadband/multiband absorption have been proposed, such as mixing multiple resonances together, exciting phase resonances, slowing down light by anisotropic metamaterials, employing high loss materials and so on. 1. Introduction physical phenomena associated with planar or localized SPPs [13,14]. Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are devices in Metamaterials are artificial assemblies of structured which the incident radiation at the operating wavelengths elements of subwavelength size (i.e., much smaller than can be efficiently absorbed, and then transformed into the wavelength of the incident waves) [15]. They are often ohmic heat or other forms of energy. -
Metamaterial Waveguides and Antennas
12 Metamaterial Waveguides and Antennas Alexey A. Basharin, Nikolay P. Balabukha, Vladimir N. Semenenko and Nikolay L. Menshikh Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS Russia 1. Introduction In 1967, Veselago (1967) predicted the realizability of materials with negative refractive index. Thirty years later, metamaterials were created by Smith et al. (2000), Lagarkov et al. (2003) and a new line in the development of the electromagnetics of continuous media started. Recently, a large number of studies related to the investigation of electrophysical properties of metamaterials and wave refraction in metamaterials as well as and development of devices on the basis of metamaterials appeared Pendry (2000), Lagarkov and Kissel (2004). Nefedov and Tretyakov (2003) analyze features of electromagnetic waves propagating in a waveguide consisting of two layers with positive and negative constitutive parameters, respectively. In review by Caloz and Itoh (2006), the problems of radiation from structures with metamaterials are analyzed. In particular, the authors of this study have demonstrated the realizability of a scanning antenna consisting of a metamaterial placed on a metal substrate and radiating in two different directions. If the refractive index of the metamaterial is negative, the antenna radiates in an angular sector ranging from –90 ° to 0°; if the refractive index is positive, the antenna radiates in an angular sector ranging from 0° to 90° . Grbic and Elefttheriades (2002) for the first time have shown the backward radiation of CPW- based NRI metamaterials. A. Alu et al.(2007), leaky modes of a tubular waveguide made of a metamaterial whose relative permittivity is close to zero are analyzed. -
Dynamic Simulation of a Metamaterial Beam Consisting of Tunable Shape Memory Material Absorbers
vibration Article Dynamic Simulation of a Metamaterial Beam Consisting of Tunable Shape Memory Material Absorbers Hua-Liang Hu, Ji-Wei Peng and Chun-Ying Lee * Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; [email protected] (H.-L.H.); [email protected] (J.-W.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-8773-1614 Received: 21 May 2018; Accepted: 13 July 2018; Published: 18 July 2018 Abstract: Metamaterials are materials with an artificially tailored internal structure and unusual physical and mechanical properties such as a negative refraction coefficient, negative mass inertia, and negative modulus of elasticity, etc. Due to their unique characteristics, metamaterials possess great potential in engineering applications. This study aims to develop new acoustic metamaterials for applications in semi-active vibration isolation. For the proposed state-of-the-art structural configurations in metamaterials, the geometry and mass distribution of the crafted internal structure is employed to induce the local resonance inside the material. Therefore, a stopband in the dispersion curve can be created because of the energy gap. For conventional metamaterials, the stopband is fixed and unable to be adjusted in real-time once the design is completed. Although the metamaterial with distributed resonance characteristics has been proposed in the literature to extend its working stopband, the efficacy is usually compromised. In order to increase its adaptability to time-varying disturbance, several semi-active metamaterials have been proposed. In this study, the incorporation of a tunable shape memory alloy (SMA) into the configuration of metamaterial is proposed. The repeated resonance unit consisting of SMA beams is designed and its theoretical formulation for determining the dynamic characteristics is established. -
Auxetic-Like Metamaterials As Novel Earthquake Protections
AUXETIC-LIKE METAMATERIALS AS NOVEL EARTHQUAKE PROTECTIONS Bogdan Ungureanu1,2*, Younes Achaoui2*, Stefan Enoch2, Stéphane Brûlé3, Sébastien Guenneau2 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi, 43, Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., Iasi 700050, Romania, 2 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR7249, 13013 Marseille, France, 3 Dynamic Soil Laboratory, Ménard, 91620 Nozay, France. Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] *Equal contributing authors Abstract. We propose that wave propagation through a class of mechanical metamaterials opens unprecedented avenues in seismic wave protection based on spectral properties of auxetic-like metamaterials. The elastic parameters of these metamaterials like the bulk and shear moduli, the mass density, and even the Poisson ratio, can exhibit negative values in elastic stop bands. We show here that the propagation of seismic waves with frequencies ranging from 1Hz to 40Hz can be influenced by a decameter scale version of auxetic-like metamaterials buried in the soil, with the combined effects of impedance mismatch, local resonances and Bragg stop bands. More precisely, we numerically examine and illustrate the markedly different behaviors between the propagation of seismic waves through a homogeneous isotropic elastic medium (concrete) and an auxetic-like metamaterial plate consisting of 43 cells (40mx40mx40m), utilized here as a foundation of a building one would like to protect from seismic site effects. This novel class of seismic metamaterials opens band gaps at frequencies compatible with seismic waves when they are designed appropriately, what makes them interesting candidates for seismic isolation structures. Keywords: stop bands, auxetics, mechanical metamaterials, seismic waves. -
Idealized 3D Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial: an Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Study
materials Article Idealized 3D Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial: An Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Study Naeim Ghavidelnia 1 , Mahdi Bodaghi 2 and Reza Hedayati 3,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran 1591634311, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; [email protected] 3 Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract: Mechanical metamaterials are man-made rationally-designed structures that present un- precedented mechanical properties not found in nature. One of the most well-known mechanical metamaterials is auxetics, which demonstrates negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) behavior that is very beneficial in several industrial applications. In this study, a specific type of auxetic metamaterial structure namely idealized 3D re-entrant structure is studied analytically, numerically, and experi- mentally. The noted structure is constructed of three types of struts—one loaded purely axially and two loaded simultaneously flexurally and axially, which are inclined and are spatially defined by angles q and j. Analytical relationships for elastic modulus, yield stress, and Poisson’s ratio of the 3D re-entrant unit cell are derived based on two well-known beam theories namely Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko. Moreover, two finite element approaches one based on beam elements and one based on volumetric elements are implemented. Furthermore, several specimens are additively Citation: Ghavidelnia, N.; Bodaghi, manufactured (3D printed) and tested under compression. -
Simulating Twistronics in Acoustic Metamaterials
Simulating twistronics in acoustic metamaterials S. Minhal Gardezi,1 Harris Pirie,2 Stephen Carr,3 William Dorrell,2 and Jennifer E. Hoffman1, 2, ∗ 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA 2Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA 3Brown Theoretical Physics Center and Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912-1843, USA (Dated: March 24, 2021) Twisted van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have recently emerged as a tunable platform for studying correlated electrons. However, these materials require laborious and expensive effort for both theoretical and experimental exploration. Here we numerically simulate twistronic behavior in acoustic metamaterials composed of interconnected air cavities in two stacked steel plates. Our classical analog of twisted bilayer graphene perfectly replicates the band structures of its quantum counterpart, including mode localization at a magic angle of 1:12◦. By tuning the thickness of the interlayer membrane, we reach a regime of strong interlayer tunneling where the acoustic magic angle appears as high as 6:01◦, equivalent to applying 130 GPa to twisted bilayer graphene. In this regime, the localized modes are over five times closer together than at 1:12◦, increasing the strength of any emergent non-linear acoustic couplings. INTRODUCTION cate, acoustic metamaterials have straightforward gov- erning equations, continuously tunable properties, fast 1 Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures host a di- build times, and inexpensive characterization tools, mak- verse set of useful emergent properties that can be cus- ing them attractive testbeds to rapidly explore their tomized by varying the stacking configuration of sheets quantum counterparts. Sound waves in an acoustic meta- of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, material can be reshaped to mimic the collective mo- other xenes, or transition-metal dichalcogenides [1{4]. -
Bistable Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials Inspired by Ancient Geometric Motifs
Extreme Mechanics Letters 9 (2016) 291–296 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Extreme Mechanics Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eml Bistable auxetic mechanical metamaterials inspired by ancient geometric motifs Ahmad Rafsanjani a,b, Damiano Pasini b,∗ a John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A OC3, Canada graphical abstract article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Auxetic materials become thicker rather than thinner when stretched, exhibiting an unusual negative Received 6 June 2016 Poisson's ratio well suited for designing shape transforming metamaterials. Current auxetic designs, Received in revised form however, are often monostable and cannot maintain the transformed shape upon load removal. Here, 18 July 2016 inspired by ancient geometric motifs arranged in square and triangular grids, we introduce a class Accepted 6 September 2016 of switchable architected materials exhibiting simultaneous auxeticity and structural bistability. The Available online 23 September 2016 material concept is experimentally realized by perforating various cut motifs into a sheet of rubber, thus creating a network of rotating units connected with compliant hinges. The metamaterial performance Keywords: Mechanical metamaterials is assessed through mechanical testing and accurately predicted by a coherent set of finite element Auxetics simulations. A discussion on a rich set of mechanical phenomena follows to shed light on the main design Snap-through Instability principles governing bistable auxetics. ' 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction the ratio between the transverse strain, "t , and the longitudinal strain, "l, in the loading direction (ν D −"t ="l). -
Recent Advances in Acoustic Metamaterials for Simultaneous Sound Attenuation and Air Ventilation Performances
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0521.v2 Peer-reviewed version available at Crystals 2020, 10, 686; doi:10.3390/cryst10080686 Review Recent advances in acoustic metamaterials for simultaneous sound attenuation and air ventilation performances Sanjay Kumar1,* and Heow Pueh Lee1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (H.P.Lee) Abstract: In the past two decades, acoustic metamaterials have garnered much attention owing to their unique functional characteristics, which is difficult to be found in naturally available materials. The acoustic metamaterials have demonstrated to exhibit excellent acoustical characteristics that paved a new pathway for researchers to develop effective solutions for a wide variety of multifunctional applications such as low-frequency sound attenuation, sound wave manipulation, energy harvesting, acoustic focusing, acoustic cloaking, biomedical acoustics, and topological acoustics. This review provides an update on the acoustic metamaterials' recent progress for simultaneous sound attenuation and air ventilation performances. Several variants of acoustic metamaterials, such as locally resonant structures, space-coiling, holey and labyrinthine metamaterials, and Fano resonant materials, are discussed briefly. Finally, the current challenges and future outlook in this emerging field -
Theoretical Study of Subwavelength Imaging by Acoustic Metamaterial
Theoretical study of subwavelength imaging by acoustic metamaterial slabs Ke Deng1,2, Yiqun Ding1, Zhaojian He1, Heping Zhao2, Jing Shi1, and Zhengyou 1,a) Liu 1Key Lab of Acoustic and Photonic materials and devices of Ministry of Education and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 2Department of Physics, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China We investigate theoretically subwavelength imaging by acoustic metamaterial slabs immersed in the liquid matrix. A near-field subwavelength image formed by evanescent waves is achieved by a designed metamaterial slab with negative mass density and positive modulus. A subwavelength real image is achieved by a designed metamaterial slab with simultaneously negative mass density and modulus. These results are expected to shed some lights on designing novel devices of acoustic metamaterials. a)To whom all correspondence should be addressed, e-mail address is [email protected] 1 I. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials (MMs)1 provide the foundation for realizing many intriguing phenomena, such as inverse Doppler Effect,2 negative refraction,3 and amplification of evanescent waves.4 These phenomena can be utilized to design novel EM devices. Pendry found that, as the combined result of negative refraction and amplification of evanescent waves, a MM slab with effective permittivityε =−1 and permeability μEM = −1 can focus both the propagating and evanescent waves of a point source into a perfect image.5 Thereby such a slab device has been referred as the perfect lens. Pendry’s perfect lens stimulated lots of research interests due to the great significance of subwavelength imaging in various applications (see the ref. -
Realization of a Thermal Cloak–Concentrator Using a Metamaterial
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Realization of a thermal cloak– concentrator using a metamaterial transformer Received: 2 November 2017 Ding-Peng Liu, Po-Jung Chen & Hsin-Haou Huang Accepted: 23 January 2018 By combining rotating squares with auxetic properties, we developed a metamaterial transformer Published: xx xx xxxx capable of realizing metamaterials with tunable functionalities. We investigated the use of a metamaterial transformer-based thermal cloak–concentrator that can change from a cloak to a concentrator when the device confguration is transformed. We established that the proposed dual- functional metamaterial can either thermally protect a region (cloak) or focus heat fux in a small region (concentrator). The dual functionality was verifed by fnite element simulations and validated by experiments with a specimen composed of copper, epoxy, and rotating squares. This work provides an efective and efcient method for controlling the gradient of heat, in addition to providing a reference for other thermal metamaterials to possess such controllable functionalities by adapting the concept of a metamaterial transformer. Te concept of controlling energy can be traced back to the pioneering proposals by Pendry1 and Leonhardt2, whose approaches to cloaking provided means of manipulating electromagnetic waves. Following their research, eforts have been devoted to modeling and designing coordinate transformation-based metamaterials, also known as thermal metamaterials3–5, in the feld of thermodynamics. Owing to the unconventional nature of thermal metamaterials, various applications such as the thermal cloak6–14, thermal concentrator15–17, thermal inverter18–20 and thermal illusion21–24 have been proposed. Recently, thermoelectric components25 have ofered a method for actively controlling heat fux.