DOCSLIB.ORG

Enterobacteriaceae Identification BERT F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enterobacteriaceae Identification BERT F JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, May 1983, p. 807-813 Vol. 17, No. 5 0095-1137/83/050807-07$02.00/0 Copyright © 1983, American Society for Microbiology Evaluation of the AutoSCAN-3 and Sceptor Systems for Enterobacteriaceae Identification BERT F. WOOLFREY,* RICHARD T. LALLY, AND CHARLES 0. QUALL Clinical Microbiology Section, Department ofAnatomic and Clinical Pathology, St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Received 4 October 1982/Accepted 21 January 1983 To evaluate the accuracy and cost effectiveness of the AutoSCAN-3 (Micro- Scan Systems of America, Sacramento, Calif.) and Sceptor (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) systems for identification of members of the Enterobacteriaceae, we performed parallel tests on 678 stock cultures of well- characterized clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Automated results by AutoSCAN-3 correctly identified 95.1% at the genus level and 94.9% at the species level. However, 15 of 42 Shigella isolates were misidentified as members of other genera. In contrast to the automated results, visual interpretation of panels produced 97.9% agreement at the genus level, missing only three Shigella isolates. Sceptor correctly identified 96.8% at the genus level and 93.4% at the species level. Of 42 Shigella isolates, 3 were missed and were designated as Salmonella spp. Although all Salmonella spp. were correctly identified, six other isolates were misidentified as Salmonella spp. Test costs were found to be comparable for each system, with the cost per test increasing markedly with fewer than 10 to 15 tests performed per day. AutoSCAN-3 (MicroScan Systems of Ameri- were then also tested by the API 20E system as a ca, Sacramento, Calif.) and Sceptor (BBL Mi- check on the original characterization of the stock crobiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) are isolates. Tables were designed to evaluate and com- pare the results. During the course of the study, semiautomated systems that provide microbial technical time requirements for performing Auto- identification and minimum inhibitory concen- SCAN and Sceptor tests were determined. These were tration determination. AutoSCAN-3 (Auto- used in conjunction with material costs for an analysis SCAN) uses AutoSCAN instrumentation to read of cost effectiveness. and interpret MicroScan panels which are sup- Microorganisms. A total of 678 clinical isolates of plied frozen. Sceptor provides instrumentation Enterobacteriaceae representing 11 genera (141 Esch- which automatically hydrates and inoculates de- erichia spp., 134 Klebsiella spp., 86 Enterobacter hydrated Sceptor panels. MicroScan and Scep- spp., 89 Serratia spp., 41 Salmonella spp., 42 Shigella tor panels differ slightly in their choice of bio- spp., 27 Citrobacter spp., 101 Proteus spp., 8 Provi- dencia spp., 8 Morganella spp., and 1 Hafnia spp.) chemicals and antimicrobial agents. The present were selected for the study. All had been used for a investigation evaluates the accuracy and cost previous study (2) and had been well characterized by effectiveness of these two systems for identify- the API 20E system and classical biochemical tests. ing members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were retrieved from frozen stock cultures by sampling each with a hot wire loop and streaking to a MATERIALS AND METHODS sheep blood agar plate which was incubated in air at Experimental design. Microbial identifications were 35C for 24 h. From each blood agar plate, the center performed in parallel by AutoSCAN with MicroScan of a single well-isolated colony was used as a common Gram-Negative Combo Panels and by Sceptor with growth source to initiate the appropriate inoculum Gram-Negative MIC/id Panels for 678 stock cultures suspension required by each system. of clinical isolates which had been previously well AutoSCAN system. AutoSCAN provides instrumen- characterized. Isolates with any discrepancy among tation for automated reading and interpretation of the AutoSCAN, Sceptor, and the original stock cul- MicroScan panels. MicroScan panels are supplied ture identifications were retested by AutoSCAN and frozen and use the following 24 tests for identification Sceptor in parallel with the API 20E system (Analytab of members of the Enterobacteriaceae: fermentation Products, Plainview, N.Y.) as follows. Subculture of adonitol, arabinose, glucose, inositol, melibiose, purity plates, originating from the initial AutoSCAN raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, and sucrose; urease; and Sceptor identification tests, were interchanged H2S production; indole production; decarboxylation and processed for identification by the other system. of lysine and ornithine; arginine dihydrolase; trypto- Subcultures derived from the original stock isolate phan deaminase; esculin hydrolysis; Voges-Pros- 807 808 WOOLFREY, LALLY, AND QUALL J. CLIN. MICROBIOL. TABLE 1. Comparison of AutoSCAN identification with referee designations for 678 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae AutoSCAN identification and no. (%) Entero- Entero- Entero- Ece-Kieb- Kleb- Klebsiella Kleb- Entero- bacter bacter Referee identification (total) Escher- rhino- siella bactEbacter~~~~~~~~agglom- aero- gergov- coli Pniepneu-oxytoca scleromatis ozaenae cloacae erans genes iae Escherichia coli (141) 136 (96) 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae (91) 90 (99) Klebsiella oxytoca (42) 1 41 (98) Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (1) 0 Enterobacter cloacae (53) 50 (94) Enterobacter agglomerans (3) 1 2 (67) Enterobacter aerogenes (29) 29 Enterobacter gergoviae (1) 1 Serratia marcescens (88) Serratia liquefaciens (1) Salmonella spp. (41) Shigella spp. (42) 6 (15) 3 (7) 1 (2) Citrobacterfreundii (18) Citrobacter diversus (9) Proteus mirabilis (91) Proteus vulgaris (10) Providencia stuartii (2) Providencia rettgeri (6) Morganella morganii (8) Hafnia alvei (1) TABLE 1-Continued AutoSCAN identification and no. (%) Serra- Citro Citro- Entero- Serratia tia Serratia Salmo- Shigella bacter eSerratia Lctr Referee identification (total) sakazakii mensas odor- lique rubidea nella spp freundiifreudii diver- sakazakii cens ifer faciens sus Escherichia coli (141) 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae (91) 1 Klebsiella oxytoca (42) Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (1) Enterobacter cloacae (53) 2 (4) Enterobacter agglomerans (3) Enterobacter aerogenes (29) Enterobacter gergoviae (1) Serratia marcescens (88) 88 Serratia liquefaciens (1) 1 Salmonella spp. (41) 40 (98) Shigella spp. (42) 5 (12) 27 (64) Citrobacterfreundii (18) 18 Citrobacter diversus (9) 9 Proteus mirabilis (91) Proteus vulgaris (10) Providencia stuartii (2) Providencia rettgeri (6) Morganella morganii (8) Hafnia alvei (1) kauer; utilization of citrate, malonate, and tartrate; 0- each microwell by light transmission to detect bacteri- nitrophenyl-4-D-galactopyranoside; and growth in the al growth or color change. The electronic information presence of cephalothin (8 ,ug/ml) and colistin (4 so generated is automatically analyzed by a micro- ,uglml). After inoculation and incubation, panels are processor program which determines the most proba- inserted into the AutoSCAN reader, which examines ble microorganism identifications and likelihood per- VOL. 17, 1983 EVALUATION OF AUTOSCAN AND SCEPTOR 809 TABLE 1-Continued AutoSCAN identification and no. (%) RefereeRefreeidntiictioidentification (ota)(total) Proteus Proteus Provi- denciaProv'i- Morga-nella Hafnia Arizona Yersinia Rare mirabiliSmraili vlgaisdencial!ulgaris stuartii rett- inorganii avial'ei SPs spp.P geri Escherichia coli (141) 2 (1) Klebsiella pneumoniae (91) Klebsiella oxytoca (42) Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (1) 1 Enterobacter cloacae (53) 1 Enterobacter agglomerans (3) Enterobacter aerogenes (29) Enterobacter gergoviae (1) Serratia marcescens (88) Serratia liquefaciens (1) Salmonella spp. (41) 1 Shigella spp. (42) Citrobacterfreundii (18) Citrobacter diversus (9) Proteus mirabilis (91) 90 (99) Proteus vulgaris (10) 10 Providencia stuartii (2) 2 Prov'idencia rettgeri (6) 6 Morganella morganii (8) 8 Hafnia alvei (1) 0 (0) centages. These results, along with comments or interpreted visually without prior knowledge of the instructions such as requests for visual interpretation automated results. A seven-digit code number was of some or all of the microwell reactions, are displayed constructed, and the microorganism identification was on a cathode ray tube. After review and entry of any found by using the MicroScan Biotype Codebook. needed information relative to visual interpretation of Data so generated were used to compare the results of plates, the results are then printed as a single most automated versus visual interpretation of MicroScan probable microorganism identification. panels. Approximately 50 to 60 isolates, including Inoculum suspensions were prepared by transfer- quality control isolates as suggested by the manufac- ring microorganisms from a common growth source turer, were processed daily for identification. colony, as described above, to a tube containing 0.5 ml Sceptor system. The Sceptor system provides an of brain heart infusion broth. This was incubated for 4 instrument for simultaneous rehydration and inocula- h in air at 35°C, at which time 0.05 ml was transferred tion of desiccated panels and an instrument for visual with a calibrated pipettor (Medical Laboratory Auto- interpretation. For identification of members of the mation, Mount Vernon, N.Y.) to a tube containing 25 Enterobacteriaceae, 21 biochemical tests are used ml of inoculum water with 0.02% Tween 80 supplied which included: fermentation of adonitol, arabinose, by the manufacturer and then to a purity plate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proteus Vulgaris
    48 Monte Carlo Crescent Kyalami Business Park Kyalami, Johannesburg, 1684, RSA Tel: +27 (0)11 463 3260 Fax: + 27 (0)86 557 2232 Email: [email protected] www.thistle.co.za Please read this section first The HPCSA and the Med Tech Society have confirmed that this clinical case study, plus your routine review of your EQA reports from Thistle QA, should be documented as a “Journal Club” activity. This means that you must record those attending for CEU purposes. Thistle will not issue a certificate to cover these activities, nor send out “correct” answers to the CEU questions at the end of this case study. The Thistle QA CEU No is: MT- 16/009 Each attendee should claim THREE CEU points for completing this Quality Control Journal Club exercise, and retain a copy of the relevant Thistle QA Participation Certificate as proof of registration on a Thistle QA EQA. MICROBIOLOGY LEGEND CYCLE 41 ORGANISM 3 Proteus Vulgaris Proteus Vulgaris is a rod shaped Gram-Negative chemoheterotrophic bacterium. The size of the individual cells varies from 0.4 to 0.6 micrometers by 1.2 to 2.5 micrometers. P. vulgaris possesses peritrichous flagella, making it actively motile. It inhabits the soil, polluted water, raw meat, gastrointestinal tracts of animals and dust. In humans, Proteus species most frequently cause urinary tract infections, but can also produce severe abscesses and is widely associated with nosocomial infections. Isolation of Organism With basic microbiological technique, samples believed to contain P. vulgaris are first incubated on nutrient agar to form colonies. To test the Gram-Negative and oxidase-negative characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae, Gram stains and oxidase tests are performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Pneumonia Types
    Pneumonia Jodi Grandominico , MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Pneumonia types • CAP- limited or no contact with health care institutions or settings • HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia – occurs 48 hours or more after admission • VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia – develops more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation • HCAP: healthcare-associated pneumonia – occurs in non-hospitalized patient with extensive healthcare contact 2005 IDSA/ATS HAP, VAP and HCAP Guidelines Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388–416 1 Objectives-CAP • Epidemiology • Review cases: ‒ Diagnostic techniques ‒ Risk stratification for site of care decisions ‒ Use of biomarkers ‒ Type and length of treatment • Prevention Pneumonia Sarah Tapyrik, MD Assistant Professor – Clinical Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center 2 Epidemiology American lung association epidemiology and statistics unit research and health education division. November 2015 3 Who is at Risk? • Children <5 yo • Immunosuppressed: • Adults >65 yo ‒ HIV • Comorbid conditions: ‒ Cancer ‒ CKD ‒ Splenectomy ‒ CHF • Cigarette Smokers ‒ DM • Alcoholics ‒ Chronic Liver Disease ‒ COPD Clinical Presentation • Fever • Elderly and • Chills Immunocompromised • Cough w/ purulent ‒ Confusion sputum ‒ Lethargy • Dyspnea ‒ Poor PO intake • Pleuritic pain ‒ Falls • Night sweats ‒ Decompensation of
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods REVIEW UNDER Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 17 | Issue no: 2.2 | Issue date: 11.03.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown copyright 2014 Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI/Partnerships. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI/WorkingGroups). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: REVIEW UNDER Bacteriology – Identification | ID 17 | Issue no: 2.2 | Issue date: 11.03.14 | Page: 2 of 24 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... 2 AMENDMENT TABLE ............................................................................................................. 4 UK STANDARDS FOR MICROBIOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS: SCOPE AND PURPOSE ......
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure for a Phage Reference Database: Identification of Large-Scale Biases in The
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.01.442102; this version posted May 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 INfrastructure for a PHAge REference Database: Identification of large-scale biases in the 2 current collection of phage genomes 3 4 Ryan Cook1, Nathan Brown2, Tamsin Redgwell3, Branko Rihtman4, Megan Barnes2, Martha 5 Clokie2, Dov J. Stekel5, Jon Hobman5, Michael A. Jones1, Andrew Millard2* 6 7 1 School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington 8 Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK 9 2 Dept Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, 10 Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK 11 3 COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte 12 Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 13 4 University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK 14 5 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, 15 Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, 16 17 Corresponding author: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.01.442102; this version posted May 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Communities of the Upper Respiratory Tract of Turkeys
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract of turkeys Olimpia Kursa1*, Grzegorz Tomczyk1, Anna Sawicka‑Durkalec1, Aleksandra Giza2 & Magdalena Słomiany‑Szwarc2 The respiratory tracts of turkeys play important roles in the overall health and performance of the birds. Understanding the bacterial communities present in the respiratory tracts of turkeys can be helpful to better understand the interactions between commensal or symbiotic microorganisms and other pathogenic bacteria or viral infections. The aim of this study was the characterization of the bacterial communities of upper respiratory tracks in commercial turkeys using NGS sequencing by the amplifcation of 16S rRNA gene with primers designed for hypervariable regions V3 and V4 (MiSeq, Illumina). From 10 phyla identifed in upper respiratory tract in turkeys, the most dominated phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Diferences in composition of bacterial diversity were found at the family and genus level. At the genus level, the turkey sequences present in respiratory tract represent 144 established bacteria. Several respiratory pathogens that contribute to the development of infections in the respiratory system of birds were identifed, including the presence of Ornithobacterium and Mycoplasma OTUs. These results obtained in this study supply information about bacterial composition and diversity of the turkey upper respiratory tract. Knowledge about bacteria present in the respiratory tract and the roles they can play in infections can be useful in controlling, diagnosing and treating commercial turkey focks. Next-generation sequencing has resulted in a marked increase in culture-independent studies characterizing the microbiome of humans and animals1–6. Much of these works have been focused on the gut microbiome of humans and other production animals 7–11.
    [Show full text]
  • Acinetobacter Baumannii Resistance: a Real Challenge for Clinicians
    antibiotics Review Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians Rosalino Vázquez-López 1,* , Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez 2, Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley 1 , Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde 1 , Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo 1, Andrés Rivera Reséndiz 1, Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez 1, Eunice Nabil Vega López 3, Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly 3 , Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández 1 , Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán 1, Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos 1, José Marcos Felix 4, Juan Antonio González Barrios 5 and Tomás Barrientos Fortes 6 1 Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] (J.J.J.V.-W.); [email protected] (J.A.A.V.); [email protected] (L.A.P.A.); [email protected] (A.R.R.); [email protected] (M.M.Á.); [email protected] (D.A.Á.-H.); [email protected] (V.M.G.); [email protected] (J.E.J.B.) 2 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; [email protected] (E.N.V.L.); [email protected] (G.F.-K.) 4 Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncommon Pathogens Causing Hospital-Acquired Infections in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients
    Published online: 2020-03-06 THIEME Review Article 89 Uncommon Pathogens Causing Hospital-Acquired Infections in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients Manoj Kumar Sahu1 Netto George2 Neha Rastogi2 Chalatti Bipin1 Sarvesh Pal Singh1 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, CN Centre, All Address for correspondence Manoj K Sahu, MD, DNB, Department India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, CTVS office, 7th floor, CN 2Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India India (e-mail: [email protected]). J Card Crit Care 2020;3:89–96 Abstract Bacterial infections are common causes of sepsis in the intensive care units. However, usually a finite number of Gram-negative bacteria cause sepsis (mostly according to the hospital flora). Some organisms such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus are relatively common. Others such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Shewanella putrefaciens, Ralstonia pickettii, Providencia, Morganella species, Nocardia, Elizabethkingia, Proteus, and Burkholderia are rare but of immense importance to public health, in view of the high mortality rates these are associated with. Being aware of these organisms, as the cause of hospital-acquired infections, helps in the prevention, Keywords treatment, and control of sepsis in the high-risk cardiac surgical patients including in ► uncommon pathogens heart transplants. Therefore, a basic understanding of when to suspect these organ- ► hospital-acquired isms is important for clinical diagnosis and initiating therapeutic options. This review infection discusses some rarely appearing pathogens in our intensive care unit with respect to ► cardiac surgical the spectrum of infections, and various antibiotics that were effective in managing intensive care unit these bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X
    Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment
    antibiotics Article Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment Alicia Sorgen 1, James Johnson 2, Kevin Lambirth 2, Sandra M. Clinton 3 , Molly Redmond 1 , Anthony Fodor 2 and Cynthia Gibas 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (A.F.) 3 Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-704-687-8378 Abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify Citation: Sorgen, A.; Johnson, J.; phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the Lambirth, K.; Clinton,
    [Show full text]
  • Longitudinal Characterization of the Gut Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Yaks
    Journal of Fungi Article Longitudinal Characterization of the Gut Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Yaks Yaping Wang 1,2,3, Yuhang Fu 3, Yuanyuan He 3, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar 3 , Mudassar Iqbal 3,4, Kun Li 1,2,* and Jiaguo Liu 1,2,* 1 Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; [email protected] 2 MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; [email protected] (Y.F.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (M.F.-e.-A.K.); [email protected] (M.I.) 4 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (J.L.) Abstract: Development phases are important in maturing immune systems, intestinal functions, and metabolism for the construction, structure, and diversity of microbiome in the intestine during the entire life. Characterizing the gut microbiota colonization and succession based on age-dependent effects might be crucial if a microbiota-based therapeutic or disease prevention strategy is adopted. The purpose of this study was to reveal the dynamic distribution of intestinal bacterial and fungal communities across all development stages in yaks. Dynamic changes (a substantial difference) in the structure and composition ratio of the microbial community were observed in yaks that Citation: Wang, Y.; Fu, Y.; He, Y.; matched the natural aging process from juvenile to natural aging.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article COMPARISON of MAST BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA, ASHDOWN + GENTAMICIN, and BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI SELECTIVE AGAR
    European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 7 (2017) 1, pp. 15–36 Original article DOI: 10.1556/1886.2016.00037 COMPARISON OF MAST BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA, ASHDOWN + GENTAMICIN, AND BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI SELECTIVE AGAR FOR THE SELECTIVE GROWTH OF BURKHOLDERIA SPP. Carola Edler1, Henri Derschum2, Mirko Köhler3, Heinrich Neubauer4, Hagen Frickmann5,6,*, Ralf Matthias Hagen7 1 Department of Dermatology, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 2 CBRN Defence, Safety and Environmental Protection School, Science Division 3 Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Munich, Germany 4 Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany 5 Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 6 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany 7 Department of Preventive Medicine, Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Munich, Germany Received: November 18, 2016; Accepted: December 5, 2016 Reliable identification of pathogenic Burkholderia spp. like Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical samples is desirable. Three different selective media were assessed for reliability and selectivity with various Burkholderia spp. and non- target organisms. Mast Burkholderia cepacia agar, Ashdown + gentamicin agar, and B. pseudomallei selective agar were compared. A panel of 116 reference strains and well-characterized clinical isolates, comprising 30 B. pseudomallei, 20 B. mallei, 18 other Burkholderia spp., and 48 nontarget organisms, was used for this assessment. While all B. pseudomallei strains grew on all three tested selective agars, the other Burkholderia spp. showed a diverse growth pattern. Nontarget organisms, i.e., nonfermentative rod-shaped bacteria, other species, and yeasts, grew on all selective agars.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Antibiotic Guidelines†
    CLINICAL ANTIBIOTIC GUIDELINES† ACYCLOVIR IV*/PO *RESTRICTED TO ANTIBIOTIC FORM Predictable activity: Unpredictable activity: No activity: Herpes Simplex Cytomegalovirus Epstein Barr Virus Herpes Zoster Indicated: IV: 1. Therapy for suspected or documented Herpes simplex encephalitis 2. Therapy for suspected or documented Herpes simplex infection of a newborn or immunocompromised patient 3. Therapy for primary varicella infection in immunocompromised patients 4. Therapy for severe or disseminated varicella-zoster infections in immunocompromised or immunocompetent patient 5. Therapy for primary genital herpes with neurologic complications Oral: 1. Therapy for primary Herpes simplex infections (oral/genital) 2. Suppressive (preventative) therapy for recurrent (³ 6 episodes/year) severe Herpes simplex infections (oral/genital) 3. Episodic therapy for recurrent (³ 6 episodes/year) Herpes simplex genital infections (initiate within 24 hours of prodrome onset) 4. Prophylaxis for HSV in bone marrow transplants where patient is seropositive 5. Therapy and suppressive therapy for Eczema Herpeticum 6. Therapy for varicella-zoster infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients (if not severe) 7. Therapy for primary varicella infections in pregnancy 8. Therapy for varicella in immunocompetent patients > 13 years old (initiate within 24 hours of rash onset) 9. Therapy for varicella in patients < 13 years old (initiate within 24 hours of rash onset) if there is a chronic cutaneous or pulmonary disorder, long term salicylate therapy, or short, intermittent or aerosolized corticosteroid use Not Indicated: 1. Therapy for acute Epstein-Barr infections (acute mononucleosis) 2. Therapy for documented CMV infections CLINICAL ANTIBIOTIC GUIDELINES† AMIKACIN RESTRICTED TO ANTIBIOTIC FORM Predictable activity: Unpredictable activity: No activity: Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus spp Streptococcus spp Pseudomonas spp Enterococcus spp some Mycobacterium spp Alcaligenes spp Anaerobes Indicated: 1.
    [Show full text]