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Influence of the Nature of Fibrinogen on the Structure and Mechanics of Fibrin Clots Xabel Garcia Gonzalez

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Influence of the nature of fibrinogen on the structure and mechanics of fibrin clots Xabel Garcia Gonzalez To cite this version: Xabel Garcia Gonzalez. Influence of the nature of fibrinogen on the structure and mechanics of fibrin clots. Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2016. English. NNT: 2016GREAI076. tel-01693034 HAL Id: tel-01693034 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01693034 Submitted on 25 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Mécanique des Fluides, Procédés, Energétique Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présentée par Xabel GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ Thèse dirigée par Benoît POLACK et codirigée par François CATON préparée au sein du Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés UMR 5520 dans l'École Doctorale Ingénierie - Matériaux, Mécanique, Environnement, Energétique, Procédés, Production Influence de la nature du fibrinogène sur la structure et la mécanique du caillot de fibrine Thèse soutenue publiquement le 14 décembre 2016, devant le jury composé de : M. Robert PEYROUX CR, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Président M. Philippe de MAZANCOURT PUPH, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Rapporteur M. Xiong WANG PU, Université de Lorraine, Rapporteur M. Jean-François PALIERNE CR1, ENS-Lyon, Membre M. François CATON CR1, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Co-Directeur M. Benoît POLACK PU, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Directeur Index Index ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 State of the Art ................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 2 Various phases of coagulation ........................................................................................ 5 3 Polymerization conditions ............................................................................................... 6 4 First discoveries: from antiquity until 1943 .............................................................. 7 5 Fibrinogen structure .......................................................................................................... 9 6 Fibrin structure ................................................................................................................. 13 6.1 Protofibrils formation and structure ....................................................................... 13 6.2 Protofibrils association .................................................................................................. 17 6.3 Cross-linking ...................................................................................................................... 20 6.4 Fibrin fibres structure .................................................................................................... 21 6.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 26 7 Fibres growth and structure. ........................................................................................ 27 7.1 State of the art ................................................................................................................... 27 7.2 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 33 8 Clot lysis ............................................................................................................................... 34 9 Mechanical properties of fibrin ................................................................................... 36 9.1 State of the art ................................................................................................................... 36 9.2 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 41 10 General Conclusion and outstanding questions .................................................... 42 References ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 51 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 53 2 Sample preparation ......................................................................................................... 53 3 Physicochemical characterization of fibrinogens ................................................. 54 3.1 Gel filtration chromatography .................................................................................... 54 3.1.1 Method ................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.2 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 54 3.2 Mass spectrometry .......................................................................................................... 55 3.2.1 Method ................................................................................................................... 55 3.2.2 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 56 3.3 Experimental measurements ...................................................................................... 57 4 Microscopy .......................................................................................................................... 58 4.1 Principles ............................................................................................................................ 58 4.2 Types of microscopy ....................................................................................................... 59 4.2.1 Fluorescent Microscopy 3D: classic, confocal and deconvolution .. 59 4.2.2 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Electron microscopy ......................................................................................... 61 4.2.4 Atomic Force Microscopy ............................................................................... 62 5 Scattering methods .......................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Light scattering ................................................................................................................. 64 5.1.1 Light scattering theory .................................................................................... 64 5.2 Static light scattering ...................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Dynamic light scattering ............................................................................................... 67 5.3.1 Method ................................................................................................................... 67 5.3.2 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 69 5.4 Turbidimetry ..................................................................................................................... 70 5.4.1 Method ................................................................................................................... 70 5.4.2 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 72 5.5 Small angle x-ray scattering ......................................................................................... 73 5.5.1 Synchrotron functioning ................................................................................. 73 5.5.2 Method ................................................................................................................... 74 5.5.3 Experimental setup ........................................................................................... 76 5.6 Small angle neutron scattering ................................................................................... 77 6 Mechanical properties. Rheology................................................................................ 80 6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 80 6.2 Basic notions in Rheology ............................................................................................
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