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Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Valerie Heitshusen Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process Updated September 4, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL30567 Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019 Summary This report briefly describes current responsibilities and selection mechanisms for 15 House and Senate party leadership posts and provides tables with historical data, including service dates, party affiliation, and other information for each. Tables have been updated as of the report’s issuance date to reflect leadership changes. Although party divisions appeared almost from the First Congress, the formally structured party leadership organizations now taken for granted are a relatively modern development. Constitutionally specified leaders, namely the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate, can be identified since the First Congress. Other leadership posts, however, were not formally recognized until about the middle of the 19th century, and some are 20th-century creations. In the earliest Congresses, those House Members who took some role in leading their parties were often designated by the President as his spokesperson in the chamber. By the early 1800s, an informal system developed when the Speaker began naming his lieutenant to chair one of the most influential House committees. Eventually, other Members wielded significant influence via other committee posts (e.g., the post-1880 Committee on Rules). By the end of the 19th century, the formal position of floor leaders had been established in the House. The Senate was slower than the House to develop formal party leadership positions, and there are similar problems in identifying individual early leaders. -
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the exclusive roster of conferees points to the fact that the honor remains one of the few ways the United States gov- NOTES ernment can acknowledge a foreigner’s contribution to the nation and/or to mankind. The congressional joint resolu- 1. T. Lawrence Larkin, “A ‘Gift’ Strategically tion clearly enumerated Gálvez’s contributions: he led a truly Solicited and Magnanimously Conferred: The multi-national military force to strategically significant American Congress, the French Monarchy, and the victories against Great Britain during the Revolutionary State Portraits of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette,” War; he later served the cause of science as viceroy of New Winterthur Portfolio 44, no. 1 (2010): 31–75; Larkin, Spain by sponsoring hydrographic expeditions of the Gulf “Final Report for Research Undertaken with the Aid of Mexico; his name has been given to several localities in of the U.S. Capitol Historical Society, April–June Texas and Louisiana; and the state of Florida named him a 2000,” Research Files, USCHS. “Great Floridian” in 2012. 2.James Alton James, “Oliver Pollock, Financier of In the spring of 2014, Representative Jeff Miller (FL) the Revolution in the West,” Mississippi Valley His- introduced H.J. Res. 105 in the House, and Senator Marco torical Review, 16, no. 1(June 1929): 67–80; Robert Rubio (FL) introduced S.J. Res. 38 in the Senate, to confer Morris to Bernardo de Gálvez, 21 Nov. 1781, in honorary United States citizenship on Gálvez. As president E. James Ferguson and John Catanzariti, eds., The general of the Sons of the American Revolution, I wrote a Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784 (9 vols., Pitts- letter to every member of the House Foreign Affairs Com- burgh, PA, 1980–99), 2:221–22. -
Rare Books & Special Collections Tarlton Law Library University Of
Rare Books & Special Collections Tarlton Law Library University of Texas at Austin 727 E. 26th St., Austin, Texas 78705-3224 512/471-7263 SUPREME COURT NOMINATIONS RESEARCH FILES, 1823-1955, Bulk 1860-1939 Inventory Date printed: SUPREME COURT NOMINATIONS RESEARCH FILES Inventory Extent: 1.25 linear ft. (3 boxes). Frank, John P., 1917-2002- John P. Frank, a noted attorney and constitutional scholar, was born in 1917. He received his LL.B. at the University of Wisconsin, and his J.S.D. from Yale University. He was law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black at the October, 1942 term, among other prominent positions. He taught law from 1946 to 1954 at Indiana and Yale Universities. He has authored 12 books on the Supreme Court, the Constitution and constitutional law. A senior partner with the Phoenix firm of Lewis and Roca, which he joined in 1954, Frank was lead counsel on the ground-breaking Miranda v. Arizona case, and served as counsel to Anita Hill during the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings. While serving on the Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure, Frank led a group that worked on drafting revisions to Rule 11 attorney sanctions. Frank also served from 1960 to 1970 on the Advisory Committee of Civil Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States. Scope and Content: The collection consists of research into U.S. Supreme Court nominations of the 19th and 20th centuries, and includes 8 inches of printed materials and 7 microfilm reels (35mm), 1823-1939 (bulk 1860-1939), collected by Frank, for a research project concerning Supreme Court nominations. -
The New York City Draft Riots of 1863
University of Kentucky UKnowledge United States History History 1974 The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 Adrian Cook Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Cook, Adrian, "The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863" (1974). United States History. 56. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/56 THE ARMIES OF THE STREETS This page intentionally left blank THE ARMIES OF THE STREETS TheNew York City Draft Riots of 1863 ADRIAN COOK THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY ISBN: 978-0-8131-5182-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-80463 Copyright© 1974 by The University Press of Kentucky A statewide cooperative scholarly publishing agency serving Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky State College, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40506 To My Mother This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix -
H. Doc. 108-222
THIRTIETH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1847, TO MARCH 3, 1849 FIRST SESSION—December 6, 1847, to August 14, 1848 SECOND SESSION—December 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—DAVID R. ATCHISON, 1 of Missouri SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKINS, 2 of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—ROBERT BEALE, of Virginia SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—ROBERT C. WINTHROP, 3 of Massachusetts CLERK OF THE HOUSE—BENJAMIN B. FRENCH, of New Hampshire; THOMAS J. CAMPBELL, 4 of Tennessee SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NEWTON LANE, of Kentucky; NATHAN SARGENT, 5 of Vermont DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—ROBERT E. HORNER, of New Jersey ALABAMA CONNECTICUT GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS SENATORS 14 Arthur P. Bagby, 6 Tuscaloosa Jabez W. Huntington, Norwich Walter T. Colquitt, 18 Columbus Roger S. Baldwin, 15 New Haven 19 William R. King, 7 Selma Herschel V. Johnson, Milledgeville John M. Niles, Hartford Dixon H. Lewis, 8 Lowndesboro John Macpherson Berrien, 20 Savannah REPRESENTATIVES Benjamin Fitzgerald, 9 Wetumpka REPRESENTATIVES James Dixon, Hartford Thomas Butler King, Frederica REPRESENTATIVES Samuel D. Hubbard, Middletown John Gayle, Mobile John A. Rockwell, Norwich Alfred Iverson, Columbus Henry W. Hilliard, Montgomery Truman Smith, Litchfield John W. Jones, Griffin Sampson W. Harris, Wetumpka Hugh A. Haralson, Lagrange Samuel W. Inge, Livingston DELAWARE John H. Lumpkin, Rome George S. Houston, Athens SENATORS Howell Cobb, Athens Williamson R. W. Cobb, Bellefonte John M. Clayton, 16 New Castle Alexander H. Stephens, Crawfordville Franklin W. Bowdon, Talladega John Wales, 17 Wilmington Robert Toombs, Washington Presley Spruance, Smyrna ILLINOIS ARKANSAS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE John W. -
•Mi CONGRESS, -Y Accidents of the Fourth* Confession of Profostor Webster
--- '?:Sv V- ' • m - fx S& "sn> ' - • - •.••VI'I I coirac %...., :m$x tao &£> -V)? m «ti Tte fill' V? ™'.5,n;v i'j jiw'i .istiisifrSruH. Is ...... <*mm DOLLARS f**&* PUBLISHED EVERY i.' •»'* r i • • '' *W '•' '• > Agriculture, Cavt0 JHanttfaftort*; % Jfamili) Jfeujspaucr—DeDotri to jCitcraturc, ©cncralJJiiW^ 'jilU M" S iSt •510-a - •" £ fisli.l. 'jv? "sf:; :;::r:,:.;yoLuME xxxi -NUMBER 28, NUMBER m NEWSERIES. KORWiUiK', CT. TUESDAY, JULY 9, ~r{ turned sadly into the house; and, sitting preacher ? It was. a time: when the gath After securing rooms, he walked' into 'the i v Terms of the Gazette. ,. NOTICE, POETRY. down, thrust his hands into his pockets, with ered feeling, checked some great obstacle, streets, earnestly scanning the signs as" ha Xi. A. SMITH, now"Principal of passed. He stopped before one that read V Village subscribers bycarrier—peryvnr$2 00 Rs: the dogged air of one who makes up his pauses in its rash career, and, for a moment, 'M;iil° do. in advance do. 2 00 Golden Hill Seminary (Bridgeport), From the Niw York Star. mind to be content with a positive evil. there, seems a doubt which-; way the tide '• Attorney^at-Law;" he'-paused, and ' then, *v O Tlce subscribers, or those living out of ha ving taken the house in this place, formerly THE BOSTON MUMMY. ]V[ W had been in S but a will flow. The awful passage, so solemnly with a start, as if the determination had n . the Carrier's district, and who call for " occupied by Eliphalet Lockwood, deceased, quoted, fell on the crowd like fire upon spice of the desperate in it, he ascended the will remove, here, and be in readiness to re Among all the hoaxes of the day, the Boston few weeks, and, although a stranger, had im •.- .their papers at the office, .: ; 1 50 powder, and, stimulated, as it seemed to stairs to the office. -
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TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1841, TO MARCH 3, 1843 FIRST SESSION—May 31, 1841, to September 13, 1841 SECOND SESSION—December 6, 1841, to August 31, 1842 THIRD SESSION—December 5, 1842, to March 3, 1843 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1841, to March 15, 1841 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—JOHN TYLER, 1 of Virginia PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—WILLIAM R. KING, 2 of Alabama; SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD, 3 of New Jersey; WILLIE P. MANGUM, 4 of North Carolina SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKENS, 5 of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—STEPHEN HAIGHT, of New York; EDWARD DYER, 6 of Maryland SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—JOHN WHITE, 7 of Kentucky CLERK OF THE HOUSE—HUGH A. GARLAND, of Virginia; MATTHEW ST. CLAIR CLARKE, 8 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—RODERICK DORSEY, of Maryland; ELEAZOR M. TOWNSEND, 9 of Connecticut DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—JOSEPH FOLLANSBEE, of Massachusetts ALABAMA Jabez W. Huntington, Norwich John Macpherson Berrien, Savannah SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE REPRESENTATIVES 12 William R. King, Selma Joseph Trumbull, Hartford Julius C. Alford, Lagrange 10 13 Clement C. Clay, Huntsville William W. Boardman, New Haven Edward J. Black, Jacksonboro Arthur P. Bagby, 11 Tuscaloosa William C. Dawson, 14 Greensboro Thomas W. Williams, New London 15 REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Thomas B. Osborne, Fairfield Walter T. Colquitt, Columbus Reuben Chapman, Somerville Eugenius A. Nisbet, 16 Macon Truman Smith, Litchfield 17 George S. Houston, Athens John H. Brockway, Ellington Mark A. Cooper, Columbus Dixon H. Lewis, Lowndesboro Thomas F. -
H. Doc. 108-222
THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1865, TO MARCH 3, 1867 FIRST SESSION—December 4, 1865, to July 28, 1866 SECOND SESSION—December 3, 1866, to March 3, 1867 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1865, to March 11, 1865 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—ANDREW JOHNSON, 1 of Tennessee PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—LAFAYETTE S. FOSTER, 2 of Connecticut; BENJAMIN F. WADE, 3 of Ohio SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—JOHN W. FORNEY, of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—GEORGE T. BROWN, of Illinois SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—SCHUYLER COLFAX, 4 of Indiana CLERK OF THE HOUSE—EDWARD MCPHERSON, 5 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NATHANIEL G. ORDWAY, of New Hampshire DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—IRA GOODNOW, of Vermont POSTMASTER OF THE HOUSE—JOSIAH GIVEN ALABAMA James Dixon, Hartford GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Vacant Henry C. Deming, Hartford REPRESENTATIVES 6 Samuel L. Warner, Middletown REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Augustus Brandegee, New London Vacant John H. Hubbard, Litchfield ARKANSAS ILLINOIS SENATORS SENATORS Vacant DELAWARE Lyman Trumbull, Chicago Richard Yates, Jacksonville REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Willard Saulsbury, Georgetown George R. Riddle, Wilmington John Wentworth, Chicago CALIFORNIA John F. Farnsworth, St. Charles SENATORS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Elihu B. Washburne, Galena James A. McDougall, San Francisco John A. Nicholson, Dover Abner C. Harding, Monmouth John Conness, Sacramento Ebon C. Ingersoll, Peoria Burton C. Cook, Ottawa REPRESENTATIVES FLORIDA Henry P. H. Bromwell, Charleston Donald C. McRuer, San Francisco Shelby M. Cullom, Springfield William Higby, Calaveras SENATORS Lewis W. Ross, Lewistown John Bidwell, Chico Vacant 7 Anthony Thornton, Shelbyville Vacant 8 Samuel S. -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, som e thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of com puter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI EDWTN BOOTH .\ND THE THEATRE OF REDEMPTION: AN EXPLORATION OF THE EFFECTS OF JOHN WTLKES BOOTH'S ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHANI LINCOLN ON EDWIN BOOTH'S ACTING STYLE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael L. -
R VOLUME I. I CHARLOTTE, N. C., JUNE 22, 1841. S NUMBER 16
»J i ' D ?4)’ i m r eiicxQ onian. JOSEPH W. HAMPTON, -“ The powers granted under the Constitution, being derived from the People of the United States, may be resumed by them, whenever perverted to thoir injury or oppression.”—.l/arft^on. Editor and Publisher, VOLUME I. i CHARLOTTE, N. C., JUNE 22, 1841. S NUMBER 16. TERMS: ^ O O Q drink, mullen or flax-seed tea, with a handful of] C o n n e c t ic u t . The MccJdcnbur!^ JeJ'crsoniaii^^ is published weekly, at TH E Subscriber respectfully bo;gs bran, sometimes a little salt given milk-warm : if the Boardman, Truman Smith, wenther be cold, a sick horse ought to be covered, if ' ° Brock way, Joseph Trumbull, leave to intbrni tlie citizens of Chiir- ■'-.A' rhouias B. Osborne, Thos. W. Williams. lofte, that he lia.«; made ample arrangements to lur- possible, or at least sheltered from the cold. V k r m o n t . nish them tor another year with tirst rate B E E F . Grass founder or melted fat is an inflamation of He has been in the business now nearly five years, Horace Everett, William Slade, the inner soft membrane of the bowels, lined with a ^hall hav’c a copy of t-’Iub of ten sub and the quality of his Beet! and the moderate prices Hiland Hall, AugustusO Young.o scribers may have tlie Dollars in at which lie has Iiitherto sold it, he hopes will insure mucous substance that hibricates them in that dis John ^Mattocks, sdvance. -
Speaker Ballot Votes STATE of VERMONT SPEAKERS of the HOUSE
STATE OF VERMONT SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE Speaker Ballot Votes Joseph Bowker ...................................... 1778 Josiah Grout ................................. 1886-1890 Nathan Clark ......................................... 1778 Henry R. Start ........................................1890 Thomas Chandler, Jr..................... 1778-1780 Hosea A. Mann, Jr ....................... 1890-1892 Samuel Robinson ................................... 1780 William W. Stickney.................... 1892-1896 Thomas Porter .............................. 1780-1782 William A. Lord ........................... 1896-1898 Increase Moseley .......................... 1782-1783 Kittredge Haskins ........................ 1898-1900 Isaac Tichenor .............................. 1783-1784 Fletcher D. Proctor ...................... 1900-1902 Nathaniel Niles ............................. 1784-1785 John H. Merrifield ....................... 1902-1906 Stephen R. Bradley ....................... 1785-1786 Thomas C. Cheney ....................... 1906-1910 John Strong ............................................ 1786 Frank E. Howe ............................. 1910-1912 Gideon Olin .................................. 1786-1793 Charles A. Plumley ...................... 1912-1915 Daniel Buck .................................. 1793-1795 John E. Weeks ............................. 1915-1917 Lewis R. Morris ............................ 1795-1797 Stanley C. Wilson ..................................1917 Abel Spencer ................................ 1797-1798 Charles S. Dana -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.