Philippine Jesuit Schools of Education: Heroic Institutions of Learning and Leadership in Mission
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The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Doctoral Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects 4-2020 Philippine Jesuit Schools of Education: Heroic Institutions of Learning and Leadership in Mission Joaquin Jose Mari Casimiro Sumpaico Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/diss Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Educational Leadership Commons, and the Other Education Commons The University of San Francisco PHILIPPINE JESUIT SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION: HEROIC INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING AND LEADERSHIP IN MISSION A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education Department of Leadership Studies Catholic Educational Leadership Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Joaquin Jose Mari C. Sumpaico III, S.J. San Francisco April 2020 THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO ABSTRACT Philippine Jesuit Schools of Education: Heroic Institutions of Learning and Leadership in Mission Philippine Jesuit schools of education are important training sanctuaries for future teachers. These schools help build a nation by nurturing educators in their student years so that these said teacher-students may be equipped as they pursue their vocation of journeying with the Philippine youth towards meaningful and heroic learning. There is limited research on these Philippine Jesuit schools of education and how these have created an impact in Philippine nation-building. The qualitative research draw attention to the four pillars of Heroic Leadership in these schools of education. It will look for practices of Self-awareness, Ingenuity, Love, and Heroism in the Escuela Normal de Maestros in Manila established in the 1860’s and present-day schools of education found in four Jesuit universities of Ateneo de Davao, Ateneo de Naga, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, and Ateneo de Zamboanga. Archival work in gathering articles will be done to examine the narrative of the Escuela Normal. Interviews and focused group discussions will be conducted among the stakeholders of the four present-day Jesuit schools of education to listen to the narratives that these schools celebrate and re-tell. Weaving the story of the past to that of the present will give a better appreciation of how Jesuit pedagogy has contributed to the flourishing of a transformative and revolutionary spirit that transcends Philippine education – and how it in itself has given a significant impact to nation-building. Narrating this on-going story brings about a great i significance in itself as reflecting on the actions of these schools of education helps bring about the Jesuit mission of sharing the faith that does justice – a culture of heroic living. ii This dissertation, written under the direction of the candidate’s dissertation committee and approved by the members of the committee, has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education. The content and research methodologies presented in this work represent the work of the candidate alone. Joaquin Jose Mari C. Sumpaico III, S.J. May 4, 2020 Candidate Dissertation Committee Michael W. Duffy, Ed.D. May 4, 2020 Chairperson Ursula S. Aldana, Ph.D. May 4, 2020 Mark T. Miller, Ph.D. May 4, 2020 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Gratitude is the memory of the heart. And my heart remembers much in writing this study. I will treasure these memories of San Francisco as I continue to learn in life. I am grateful to have been blessed with the following: The McGrath Institute for Jesuit Catholic Education, Jesuits Among Us, The United States and Canada Jesuit Assistancy, and to the Jesuit Philippine Province for providing scholarship and support during this period of doctoral studies. Special thanks to Fr. Antonio Moreno, S.J, Fr. Sean Michaelson, S.J., Fr. Scott Santarosa, S.J., Fr. Paul Fitzgerald, S.J., and Fr. Primitivo Viray, S.J. Thank you, and salamat. The Jesuit communities at the University of San Francisco and Saint Ignatius College Preparatory for your hospitality and making me feel welcomed. Special thanks to Fr. Timothy Godfrey, S.J., Fr. Edward Harris, S.J., Fr. John Mitchell, S.J. and Bro. Douglas Draper, S.J. Thank you. The community at Saint Finn Barr Parish for welcoming me in ministry and keeping my feet on the ground. Special thanks to Fr. William McCain. The Department of Leadership studies professors and classmates. Special thanks to Dr. Jane Bleasdale and Thanh Ngoc Ly. Thank you and Cảm ơn bạn. My friends, Nicole Cuadro, and Andy Chung. Salamat and 谢谢 for the support during the writing process. My brother Jesuits who journeyed with me in these years of study, especially Fr. Jordan Orbe, S.J., Fr. Guilrey Andal, S.J., Fr. Frank Savadera, S.J., Fr. Ruben Orbeta, S.J., Fr. Arturo Araujo, S.J., Fr. Samir Toppo, S.J., and Fr. Plinio Martins, S.J.. Salamat, muchas gracias, thank you, and obrigadu. iv Team Sikatuna, who helped me transcribe interviews. Balbaleg ya salamat. The Archives of the Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus. Salamat, Fr. Rene Javellana, S.J, Rev. Amado Tumbali, S.J., and Badong Fernandez. Ateneo de Davao University. Salamat kaayo, Fr. Joel Tabora, S.J., Dean Annabel Casumpa, and team. Ateneo de Naga University. Dyos mábalos, Fr. Robert Rivera, S.J., Dean Maria Luz Badiola and team. Ateneo de Zamboanga University. Muchas gracias, Fr. Karel San Juan, S.J., Dean Evelyn Chavez and team. Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan. Salamat kaayo, Fr. Roberto Yap, S.J., Dean Jovelyn Delosa and team. Dr. Jovelyn G. Delosa, for listening and giving much-needed affirmation on how to do excellent work. Dr. Mark T. Miller, for the continued sharing of the stories of Philippine Jesuit schools and mission in this side of the Pacific. Dr. Ursula S. Aldana, for your patience, kindness, and guidance during the whole Catholic Educational Leadership program at the University of San Francisco. Dr. Michael W. Duffy, for being the first person who welcomed me to USF when I was exploring places to learn from in 2014; for the continued encouragement and support to see things through. Sa aking mga magulang, Nanay at Tatay, sa pamilya at sa buong angkan, where my learning began and continues. Pilipinas, bayang hinirang, duyan ka ng magiting. Buhay ay langit sa piling mo. v Ad Majorem + Dei Gloriam. Sa pagtatapos ng talambuhay na itinakda ni Isidro Wenceslao (1958), kanyang binanggit: Sa alin mang sandaling makita ang nasabing larawan ay dalawang bagay agad ang maghahari sa aking kalooban. Una: ang dalanging kahimanawari ang aking mga naging kasamang nagsiyao na ay nasa piling ng Dakilang Bathala. Ikalawa: ang pasasalamat sa Maykapal na hanggang ngayo’y binibigyan pa ng mahabang buhay, baga man nag-iisa na. Hindi po kayo nag-iisa, Maestrong Idong. Patuloy pong búhay at ibinubuhay ng mga kasama ninyong guro ang dakilang gawaing inyong pinaghandaan sa tinubuang lupa. Katumbas ng panalangin na ang inyong mga kasama’y nasa piling ng Maykapal, ang pasasalamat sa lahat ng biyayang ating natatanggap ang siya nawa’y maging ating tanging yamang iniiaalay. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................I SIGNATURE PAGE .........................................................................................................III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................IV CHAPTER I THE RESEARCH PROBLEM ......................................................................1 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................1 Background and Need for the Study........................................................................3 Purpose of the Study..............................................................................................12 Conceptual Framework..........................................................................................14 Heroic Leadership in Mission …………………………………………...16 Forwarding a Framework in Education.…..……………………………...18 Research Questions ...............................................................................................20 Limitations ………………………………. ...........................................................20 Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………21 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………22 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................................24 Introduction...…………………………………………………………………….24 Overview of the Literature.....................................................................................27 History of Teacher Education in the Philippines…………………………28 History of Jesuits in the Philippines………………………………………38 Ignatian Spirituality………………………………………………………44 Jesuit Education…………………………………………………………. 47 Weaving Heroic Leadership in the Jesuit Mission of Education …….…..53 Context-Experience………………………………………………53 Reflection-Action………………………………………………...55 Evaluation ….……………………………………………………58 Summary: Articulating the Need for Heroic Leadership .………………………61 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..............................................................65 Restatement of the Purpose of the Study ..............................................................65 Research Design.....................................................................................................66