DOCSLIB.ORG

Elucidating Metabolic and Drug Resistance Adaptations of Morganella Morganii with Possible Links to Virulence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elucidating Metabolic and Drug Resistance Adaptations of Morganella Morganii with Possible Links to Virulence Texas A&M International University Research Information Online Theses and Dissertations 6-15-2021 Elucidating Metabolic and Drug Resistance Adaptations of Morganella morganii with Possible Links to Virulence Yuridia Rodriguez Follow this and additional works at: https://rio.tamiu.edu/etds Recommended Citation Rodriguez, Yuridia, "Elucidating Metabolic and Drug Resistance Adaptations of Morganella morganii with Possible Links to Virulence" (2021). Theses and Dissertations. 139. https://rio.tamiu.edu/etds/139 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Research Information Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Research Information Online. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. ELUCIDATING METABOLIC AND DRUG RESISTANCE ADAPTATIONS OF MORGANELLA MORGANII WITH POSSIBLE LINKS TO VIRULENCE A Thesis by YURIDIA RODRIGUEZ Submitted to Texas A&M International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2019 Major Subject: Biology ELUCIDATING METABOLIC AND DRUG RESISTANCE ADAPTATIONS OF MORGANELLA MORGANII WITH POSSIBLE LINKS TO VIRULENCE A Thesis by YURIDIA RODRIGUEZ Submitted to Texas A&M International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Chair of Committee, Daniel J. Mott Committee Members, Keith Combrink C. Neal McReynolds Sebastian Schmidl Head of Department, Michael R. Kidd August 2019 Major Subject: Biology iii ABSTRACT Elucidating Metabolic and Drug Resistance Adaptations of Morganella morganii with Possible Links to Virulence (August 2019) Yuridia Rodriguez, B.S., Texas A&M International University Chair of Committee: Dr. Daniel J. Mott The human gut microbiome has recently gained more attention due to its possible links to metabolic disorders such as obesity, autoimmune disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety. In addition, the gut microbiome is often a cause of nosocomial infections due to the fact that they can be opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, many studies are now focusing on the bacteria that belong to the human gut microbiota. One such bacterium is named Morganella morganii. M. morganii is a gram-negative rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a highly adaptive species of bacteria that has clinically been shown to cause infections ranging from septic arthritis to brain abscesses to the most common type being urinary tract infections. However, most studies focus on the clinical aspect of this organism. Therefore, although we have a broad picture at the types of infections that this organism causes, we do not know how it is able to become pathogenic. In order to begin understanding M. morganii’s pathogenicity, it is vital that we begin to study this organism at the molecular level. Therefore, this study will focus on creating a basic metabolic and drug resistance profile for an organism that is relatively unknown at the molecular level. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start off by thanking all of the members of my committee, Keith D. Combrink, Michael R. Kidd, C. Neal McReynolds, and Sebastian Schmidl, for their guidance throughout my entire research project. In addition, I would like to thank Daniel J. Mott for being my committee chair and for being my mentor. I would also like to say thank you to the College of Arts & Sciences (COAS) and the Graduate School (GS), for reviewing this thesis. I would also like to recognize the efforts of the undergraduate students who helped me with my research project, including Alejandro Parra, Erendira Perez, Maritza Lozano, Jose Longoria, Lizeth Haro, Lyanna Guerra, Andy Escalante, Ari Montemayor, Fernando Garcia, Stephany Cavazos, Melissa Marchan, Ricardo Martinez, Jannette Tijerina, Hannah Torres, Steven Martinez, Juan Onofre Renteria, Kassandra Lopez, and Orlando Berumen. In addition, I would like to thank my colleagues Bryant De Jesus, Maria Hinojosa, Travis Salinas, and Rafael Deliz Aguirre for their support and guidance throughout my research project. Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for all of their encouragement and support. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 History of Microbes ................................................................................................ 1 Microbiota Overview .............................................................................................. 2 Inside the human gut ............................................................................................... 2 Human gut microbiota overview ............................................................................ 4 The role of carbon metabolism in virulence ........................................................... 6 M. morganii characteristics ..................................................................................... 8 M. morganii partnerships ........................................................................................ 9 M. morganii and Urinary Tract Infections .............................................................. 9 M. morganii drug resistance ................................................................................. 10 METHODS ............................................................................................................................. 12 M. morganii culturing ........................................................................................... 12 Preparation of carbon sources ............................................................................... 12 Growth experiments .............................................................................................. 12 Heat map experiments ........................................................................................... 13 Protein expression profiles .................................................................................... 14 Bioinformatics analysis of M. morganii genes ..................................................... 14 Bioinformatic construction of metabolic pathways .............................................. 15 Disk diffusion assays ............................................................................................ 15 Statistical analysis ................................................................................................. 16 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 17 Growth curves ....................................................................................................... 17 Statistical analysis ................................................................................................. 31 Heat map experiments ........................................................................................... 36 Protein expression profiles .................................................................................... 43 vi Metabolic pathways ............................................................................................. 50 Disk diffusion assays ........................................................................................... 70 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 71 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 75 VITA ....................................................................................................................................... 81 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Close up look at epithelial lining in human gut ......................................................... 3 Figure 2. Hexose sugars. ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 3. Pentose sugars . ....................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4. Alcohol sugars. ........................................................................................................ 19 Figure 5. Sugar acids ............................................................................................................... 20 Figure 6. Amino sugars. .......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 7. SCFAs. .................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 8. Nucleoside
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sequencing of Five Poultry Strains Elucidates Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence in Virulence Genes in Morganella Morganii
    Preprint: Please note that this article has not completed peer review. Sequencing of five poultry strains elucidates phylogenetic relationships and divergence in virulence genes in Morganella morganii CURRENT STATUS: UNDER REVIEW Nicola Palmieri Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Claudia Hess Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Michael Hess Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Merima Alispahic Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien [email protected] Author ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-2030 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-21281/v1 SUBJECT AREAS Epigenetics & Genomics KEYWORDS Morganella morganii, poultry, NGS data, MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, phylogeny 1 Abstract Background M. morganii is a bacterium frequently associated with urinary infections in humans. While many human strains are sequenced, only the genomes of few poultry strains are available. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of five highly resistant Morganella morganii strains isolated in association with Escherichia coli from diseased domestic Austrian poultry flocks, namely geese, turkeys and chicken layers. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of these strains by NGS and analyzed phylogenetic clustering, resistance and virulence genes in the context of host-specificity. Results Two strains were identified to be Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and one as AmpC beta- lactamases (AMP-C) phenotype, while two were ESBL negative. By integrating the genome sequences of these five poultry strains with all the available M. morganii genomes, we constructed a phylogenetic tree that clearly separates the Morganella genus into two clusters (M1 and M2), which approximately reflect the proposed subspecies classification ( morganii and sibonii ). Additionally, we found no association between phylogenetic structure and host, suggesting interspecies transmission. All five poultry strains contained genes for resistance to aminocoumarins, beta-lactams, colistin, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, phenicol, rifampin and tetracycline.
    [Show full text]
  • Cycle 37 Organism 5
    P.O. Box 131375, Bryanston, 2074 Ground Floor, Block 5 Bryanston Gate, 170 Curzon Road Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa www.thistle.co.za Tel: +27 (011) 463 3260 Fax: +27 (011) 463 3036 Fax to Email: + 27 (0) 86-557-2232 e-mail : [email protected] Please read this section first The HPCSA and the Med Tech Society have confirmed that this clinical case study, plus your routine review of your EQA reports from Thistle QA, should be documented as a “Journal Club” activity. This means that you must record those attending for CEU purposes. Thistle will not issue a certificate to cover these activities, nor send out “correct” answers to the CEU questions at the end of this case study. The Thistle QA CEU No is: MT-2015/009. Each attendee should claim THREE CEU points for completing this Quality Control Journal Club exercise, and retain a copy of the relevant Thistle QA Participation Certificate as proof of registration on a Thistle QA EQA. MICROBIOLOGY LEGEND CYCLE 37 ORGANISM 5 Morganella morganii Historical identification Morganella morganii was first described by a British bacteriologist H. de R. Morgan in 1906 as Morgan's bacillus. Morgan isolated the bacterium from stools of infants who were noted to have had "summer diarrhea". Later in 1919, Winslow et al. named Morgan's bacillus, Bacillus morganii. In 1936, though, Rauss renamed B. morganii as Proteus morganii. Fulton, in 1943, showed that B. columbensis and P. morganii were the same and defined the genus Morganella, due to the DNA-DNA hybridization. However in 1962, a review article by Ewing reported that M.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncommon Pathogens Causing Hospital-Acquired Infections in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients
    Published online: 2020-03-06 THIEME Review Article 89 Uncommon Pathogens Causing Hospital-Acquired Infections in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients Manoj Kumar Sahu1 Netto George2 Neha Rastogi2 Chalatti Bipin1 Sarvesh Pal Singh1 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, CN Centre, All Address for correspondence Manoj K Sahu, MD, DNB, Department India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, CTVS office, 7th floor, CN 2Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India India (e-mail: [email protected]). J Card Crit Care 2020;3:89–96 Abstract Bacterial infections are common causes of sepsis in the intensive care units. However, usually a finite number of Gram-negative bacteria cause sepsis (mostly according to the hospital flora). Some organisms such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus are relatively common. Others such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Shewanella putrefaciens, Ralstonia pickettii, Providencia, Morganella species, Nocardia, Elizabethkingia, Proteus, and Burkholderia are rare but of immense importance to public health, in view of the high mortality rates these are associated with. Being aware of these organisms, as the cause of hospital-acquired infections, helps in the prevention, Keywords treatment, and control of sepsis in the high-risk cardiac surgical patients including in ► uncommon pathogens heart transplants. Therefore, a basic understanding of when to suspect these organ- ► hospital-acquired isms is important for clinical diagnosis and initiating therapeutic options. This review infection discusses some rarely appearing pathogens in our intensive care unit with respect to ► cardiac surgical the spectrum of infections, and various antibiotics that were effective in managing intensive care unit these bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Morganella Morganii
    Morganella morganii: an uncommon cause of diabetic foot infection Tran Tran, DPM, Jana Balas, DPM, & Donald Adams, DPM, FACFAS MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW RESULTS RESULTS (Continued) followed in both wound care and podiatry clinic. During his Diabetic foot ulcers are at significant risk for causing Gram- Morganella morganii is a facultative gram negative anaerobic The patient was admitted to the hospital for intravenous stay in a rehabilitation facility, the patient developed a left negative bacteraemia and can result in early mortality. bacteria belongs to the Enterobacteriacea family and it is Cefazolin and taken to the operating room the next day heel decubitus ulcer. The left second digit amputation site Morganella morganii is a facultative Gram-negative anaerobe beta-lactamase inducible. It becomes important when it where extensive debridement of nonviable bone and soft has greatly reduced in size, with most recent measurements commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract as manifests as an opportunistic pathogenic infection elsewhere tissue lead to amputation of the left second digit (Image 1). being 1.5 x 1.0 x 0.4 cm with granular base and the decubitus normal flora but can manifest in urinary tract, soft tissue, and in the body. The risk of infection is particularly high when a Gram stain showed gram negative growth and antibiotics ulcer is stable. abdominal infections. M. morganii is significant as an patient becomes neutropenic that can make a patient more were changed to Zosyn. Intraoperative deep tissue cultures infectious opportunistic pathogen. In diabetics it is shown to susceptible to bacteremia. Immunocompromised patients are grew M.
    [Show full text]
  • Morganella Morganii in Sinonasal Region: a Rare Case Report
    JCEI / Yazıcı et al. M. morganii in sinonasal region 2013; 4 (3): 383-386383 Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.03.0309 CASE REPORT / OLGU SUNUMU Morganella morganii in sinonasal region: A rare case report Sinonazal bölgede Morganella morganii: Nadir bir olgu sunumu Haşmet Yazıcı1, Sedat Doğan1, İlknur Haberal Can2, Yusuf Baygit3, Alicem Tekin4 ABSTRACT ÖZET Morganella morganii is a gram negative pathogen and Morganella morganii, özellikle immunsupresif, uzun dö- may cause potentially lethal disease especially in patients nem idrar yolu kateteri kullanan kişilerde ölümcül hasta- with underlying or immunosuppressive disease. It is com- lıklara yol açabilen Gram-negatif fırsatçı bir patojendir. monly found in long-term urinary catheter used and im- Sıklıkla üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarına yol açmasına rağ- mune system deficiency patients as nosocomial disease. men kas-iskelet sistemi, santral sinir sistemi ve cilt enfek- Involving other systems such as skin, skeletal system siyonlarına da sebep olabilmektedir. Sporadik enfeksiyon and central nervous system can be seen too. Sporadic olguları nadir olmakla birlikte AİDS, zehirlenmeler ve yılan occurrence is rare and can be seen in any system by vari- ısırmaları ile birlikte görülebilmektedir. Sino-kutanöz fistül, ous causes like AIDS, snake bites and poisoning. In this preseptal selülit ve oro-maksiller fistül gelişimi görülen, 58 case we present sporadic Morganella morganii infection yaşındaki diabetik erkek hastada yapılan tetkikler sonucu on sinonasal region with the presence of sinusitis, sino- M morganii enfeksiyonu saptandı. Hastaya fronto-etmoi- cutaneous fistula, preseptal cellulitis and hard palate de- dektomi ve mediyal maksillektomi yapıldı. İki hafta uygu- fect on 58 year old male diabetic patient.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergence of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Morganella Morganii in a Captive Breeding Dolphin in South Korea
    animals Brief Report Emergence of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Morganella morganii in a Captive Breeding Dolphin in South Korea 1,2, 3, 3 1 1 Seon Young Park y , Kyunglee Lee y, Yuna Cho , Se Ra Lim , Hyemin Kwon , Jee Eun Han 4,* and Ji Hyung Kim 1,* 1 Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; [email protected] (S.Y.P.); [email protected] (S.R.L.); [email protected] (H.K.) 2 Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 3 Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan 44780, Korea; [email protected] (K.L.); tnvlfl[email protected] (Y.C.) 4 Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.E.H.); [email protected] (J.H.K.) These authors equally contributed to this work. y Received: 9 July 2020; Accepted: 28 October 2020; Published: 6 November 2020 Simple Summary: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an important consideration in animal health, including marine mammals, and several potential zoonotic AMR bacterial strains have been isolated from wild cetacean species. Although the emergence of AMR bacteria can be assumed to be much more plausible in captive than in free-ranging cetaceans owing to their frequent contact with humans and antibiotic treatments, the spread and its impacts of AMR bacteria in captive animals have not been adequately investigated yet. Here in this study, we present evidence on the presence of multidrug-resistant potential zoonotic bacteria which caused fatal infection in a captive dolphin bred at a dolphinarium in South Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • Morganella Morganii, a Non-Negligent Opportunistic Pathogen
    G Model IJID 2665 1–8 International Journal of Infectious Diseases xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid 1 2 Review 3 Morganella morganii, a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen 1 1 4 Q1 Hui Liu , Junmin Zhu , Qiwen Hu, Xiancai Rao * 5 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Morganella morganii belongs to the tribe Proteeae of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This species is Received 2 December 2015 considered as an unusual opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes post-operative wound and urinary Received in revised form 31 March 2016 tract infections. However, certain clinical M. morganii isolates present resistance to multiple antibiotics Accepted 6 July 2016 by carrying various resistant genes (such as blaNDM-1, and qnrD1), thereby posing a serious challenge for Corresponding Editor: Eskild Petersen, clinical infection control. Moreover, virulence evolution makes M. morganii an important pathogen. Aarhus, Denmark Accumulated data have demonstrated that M. morganii can cause various infections, such as sepsis, abscess, purple urine bag syndrome, chorioamnionitis, and cellulitis. This bacterium often results in a Keywords: high mortality rate in patients with some infections. M. morganii is considered as a non-negligent Morganella morganii opportunistic pathogen because of the increased levels of resistance and virulence. In this review, we epidemiology summarized the epidemiology of M. morganii, particularly on its resistance profile and resistant genes, as resistant genes well as the disease spectrum and risk factors for its infection.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Genetic Diversity Among Antibiotic Resistant Morganella Morganii Strains Using RAPD Molecular Marks
    Flyyih et al (2020): Genetic diversity in antibiotic resistant May 2020 Vol. 23 Issue 9 Determination of genetic diversity among antibiotic resistant Morganella morganii strains using RAPD molecular marks 1* 2 3 Najat Mohammed Flyyih , Layla Saleh Abdul-Hassan ,BasimaBasim M. A. , Shrooq Ali Hussein4. 1, 3, 4- Middle technical University, Collage of Health & Medical Technology , Iraq. 2-Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University/College of Health and Medical Techniques/Iraq *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] (Flyyih) ABSTRACT The study was conducted on a total of 250 clinical samples were taken from ear infection patients in Al-Sadder educational medical hospital and Al-Hakeem General hospitals, During the study period from February, 2017 to 12, 2017.This study aimed to determine Morganella morganii by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) techniques in genetic diversity studies.The result of this study from 140(56%) samples were positive results for bacterial growth against 110(44%) samples wereconsidered negative in culture media .The biochemical test was showed that oxidase negative , catalase positive, methyl red, indole and urease positive .The percentage of antibiotic resistance was 90% , 100%, 100%,55%,100%and100% against pefloxacin , Colistin, aztreonam,ticarcillinclavulanic acid, ceftazidime and piperacillinrespectively .The result of phylogenetic tree by using RAPD analysis was similarity (0.87 ) was between (M. morganii-4 and M. morganii-12), followed by (0.80 ) between isolates (M. morganii-4and M. morganii-6 ). RAPD typing considered as a good to situations in which a large number of isolates ,cheaper and easy technique, its used in a wide range of applications, in many space of biology branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Disease of Aquatic Organisms 127:41
    Vol. 127: 41–47, 2017 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published December 19 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03184 Dis Aquat Org Fatal fibrino-hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia associated with Morganella morganii in a bottlenose dolphin: a case report Ahmed K. Elfadl1,2, Seoung-Woo Lee1, Ji-Hyung Kim3, Kyung-Lee Lee4, H. M. Arif Ullah1,2, Myung-Jin Chung1,2, Soong-Gu Ghim1,2, Eun-Joo Lee1,2, Yong Deuk Kim1,2, Sung-Min Kim1,2, Sul-Gi Jeon1,2, Jong-Hyub Lim1,2, Hye Joo Choi1,2, Jin-Kyu Park1,2,*, Kyu-Shik Jeong1,2,* 1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea 2Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea 3Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 4Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT: A 5 yr old, 184 kg, and 262 cm total length female bottlenose dolphin Tursiops trun- catus was found dead in a display after bloody discharge from the blowhole was observed 3 h prior to death. Pathological examination revealed fibrinous bronchopneumonia with prominent areas of necrosis (sequestra) and numerous Gram-negative bacilli within alveoli and in blood vessels of the lungs and liver and between muscle fibers. The cause of death was attributed to septicemia. Often, cases of fibrinous bronchopneumonia are characterized by bacteremia in the latter stages of infection, resulting in the death of the animal. Septicemia likely accounts for the ecchymoses and petechiae noted on the spleen, pancreas, forestomach, lungs, visceral peritoneum, and small intestine.
    [Show full text]
  • Acute Community-Acquired Meningoencephalitis with Morganella Morganii – a Case Report
    Revista Română de Medicină de Laborator Vol. 23, Nr. 3, Septembrie, 2015 333 Case Report DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2015-0031 Acute community-acquired meningoencephalitis with Morganella morganii – a case report Meningoencefalită acută comunitară cu Morganella morganii – prezentare de caz Brindusa Tilea1, Edit Szekely2, Simona Teches1, Ioan Tilea3 1. Infectious Diseases, Department M4, Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, Romania, 2. Microbiology, Department M2, Functional and Additional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, Romania; 3. Family Medicine, Department M3, Clinical Sciences and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, Romania Abstract Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is a Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic rod, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. This pathogen is uncommon in community-acquired infections, most often being found in postoperative nosocomial and urinary tract infections. Infection of the central nervous system with this pathogen is rare. We present the case of a 66-year-old patient who underwent colon cancer surgery, chemothera- py and radiotherapy, had left iliac anus, type 2 diabetes and developed acute meningoencephalitis caused by M. morganii. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed increased number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, modified biochemistry and AmpC beta-lactamase producing M. morganii strain. After initiation of antibiotic treatment, ini- tially with empirical therapy represented by meropenem and vancomycin, afterwards adjusted to meropenem and ciprofloxacin, according to the stain’s susceptibility to antimicrobials the patient’s evolution was favourable, in spite of the existence of two immune suppressing conditions. Keywords: meningoencephalitis, M. morganii, immunosuppression, antibiotic therapy Rezumat Morganella morganii (M.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Gut Microbiome Communities Associated with Wild-Caught Shrimp from the United States Versus Im
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Antibiotic‑resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities associated with wild‑caught shrimp from the United States versus imported farm‑raised retail shrimp Laxmi Sharma1, Ravinder Nagpal1, Charlene R. Jackson2, Dhruv Patel3 & Prashant Singh1* In the United States, farm‑raised shrimp accounts for ~ 80% of the market share. Farmed shrimp are cultivated as monoculture and are susceptible to infections. The aquaculture industry is dependent on the application of antibiotics for disease prevention, resulting in the selection of antibiotic‑ resistant bacteria. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic‑resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities in commercially available shrimp. Thirty‑one raw and cooked shrimp samples were purchased from supermarkets in Florida and Georgia (U.S.) between March–September 2019. The samples were processed for the isolation of antibiotic‑resistant bacteria, and isolates were characterized using an array of molecular and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Aerobic plate counts of the cooked samples (n = 13) varied from < 25 to 6.2 log CFU/g. Isolates obtained (n = 110) were spread across 18 genera, comprised of coliforms and opportunistic pathogens. Interestingly, isolates from cooked shrimp showed higher resistance towards chloramphenicol (18.6%) and tetracycline (20%), while those from raw shrimp exhibited low levels of resistance towards nalidixic acid (10%) and tetracycline (8.2%). Compared to wild‑caught shrimp, the imported farm‑raised shrimp harbored
    [Show full text]