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Life on Low Pay in the Pandemic

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Life on Low Pay in the Pandemic LIFE ON LOW PAY IN THE PANDEMIC Living Wage Foundation February 2021 1 KEY FINDINGS 3 2 INTRODUCTION 5 THE EFFECTS OF THE 3 PANDEMIC ON OVERALL PAY 6 THE EFFECTS OF LOW PAY 4 ON FINANCIAL INSECURITY 9 THE EFFECTS OF LOW PAY 5 ON HEALTH & HAPPINESS 11 THE EFFECTS OF LOW PAY ON 6 FAMILY LIFE & RELATIONSHIPS 14 THE SOLUTION - WHAT THE REAL 7 LIVING WAGE COULD BRING 16 8 CONCLUSION 19 1 KEY FINDINGS 1. Key Findings New polling of 2,128 employees THE PANDEMIC AND OVERALL PAY HEALTH & HAPPINESS FAMILY LIFE & RELATIONSHIPS in the UK who were working full time but earning less than the of full-time, below- said they had said that the real Living Wage in December Living-Wage skipped meals pay they 2020 highlights the impacts of 67% employees said 27% regularly for 34% received for their the pandemic on this group, and their pay had been lowered for financial reasons in the past year work negatively affects their the broader effects of low pay reasons related to the pandemic relationships with close friends on people’s lives, families and over the past year said they and family finances: had been unable FINANCIAL INSECURITY 20% to heat their of parents said home for financial reasons that the pay they said they had 31% received for their fallen behind said that the pay work negatively affects their 29% with household they received relationships with their children. bills in the past year 46% for their work negatively affects their levels of said they had anxiety fallen behind with their rent or said that the pay 20% mortgage they received 44% for their work said they had taken negatively affects their overall out a pay-day loan quality of life 14% to cover essentials Life on low pay in the pandemic p. 3 1. Key Findings Our polling of full-time, below- about their employer to others Living-Wage employees also While an ongoing pandemic demonstrates the potential means 2021 will be challenging benefits of the real Living for many firms, the experiences Wage to both workers and the of the past year warrant a businesses they work for. When rethink on how Britain values low- asked what they thought would paid work. Our findings make happen if they were to move the case for more businesses to from the minimum wage to the pay the real Living Wage – the Living Wage: only UK wage rate rooted in everyday needs – a case that said this would was also clear to the full-time, improve their below-Living-Wage employees 68% overall happiness we surveyed: said it would thought that improve their there will be a 63% family life 66% stronger case for employers to pay at least said they would the real Living Wage once the be likely to pandemic is over than there was 70% stay with their before it – only 7% disagreed. employer for longer said they would be more likely to 68% speak positively Life on low pay in the pandemic p. 4 2 INTRODUCTION The real Living Wage – currently Wage in April 2020. Half of these £9.50 across the UK and £10.85 – 2.7 million jobs – were those in London – is the only UK wage in which employees worked full rate based on what it costs time.2 This briefing explores the to live. It was born 20 years experiences of these full-time, ago in 2001, when community below-Living-Wage employees, organisers from Citizens UK building on our previous ‘Life on brought together people from Low Pay’ report (which homed in local institutions in East London on the experiences of parents in to talk about the problems particular).3 Drawing on polling affecting their lives. Many of of 2,128 adults conducted by them were working in two or Survation in December 2020,4 three minimum-wage jobs and we explore the impacts of the still struggling to make ends pandemic on pay, and the meet. Since then, the campaign broader implications of being for a real Living Wage has led to in low-paid work for health, pay rises for over 250,000 UK finances and family life. workers and put over £1.3 billion back into their pockets.1 However, 5.5 million employee jobs in the UK (one-fifth of all jobs) still paid below the Living Life on low pay in the pandemic p. 5 2 THE EFFECTS OF THE PANDEMIC ON OVERALL PAY 3. The effects of the pandemic on overall pay It is now very clear that the Our own polling of employees Whether full-time employees earning less than the real coronavirus pandemic has had a working full time on less than Figure 1: larger impact on the earnings and the Living Wage underscores Living Wage have experienced lower earnings for pandemic-related job prospects of lower-paid workers the magnitude of these effects, reasons over the past year, by reason: December 2020, UK than higher-paid ones. Successive summing up the experience over Resolution Foundation surveys have 2020 as a whole.8 Overall, two- Yes, because I was furloughed without shown that lower earners (defined thirds of full-time, below-Living- 24% my pay being (fully) topped up in relation to weekly pay) were Wage employees surveyed in Yes, because my hours or shifts were reduced by my more likely to be furloughed, have December 2020 had experienced 22% lost their job or have lost hours and some form of coronavirus-related employer for other reasons related to the pandemic 5 pay due to coronavirus; while the pay fall over the past year. Within Yes, because I spent time off 13% Office for National Statistics has this group, Figure 1 shows that a sick or self-isolating found that employees in lower- quarter had been furloughed on Yes, because I lost a job or spent time out 10% paying occupations were most reduced pay at some point; one- of work due to the pandemic likely to be furloughed on reduced in-eight had experienced pay 6 Yes, because I reduced my hours or shifts to care for pay during the initial lockdown. falls associated with sickness or 10% children off school or away from childcare self-isolation; and one-in-ten had Yes, for other pandemic-related reasons Analysis by the Institute for experienced lower pay associated 4% Employment Studies has shown with each of job loss, and childcare that employees earning less than or home-schooling. No, my pay was not negatively affected compared to if 33% the Living Wage were twice as the pandemic had not happened likely as others to be furloughed or have their hours reduced, with two- 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% thirds affected in one of these ways Notes: Base = 2,128 respondents aged 18+, who live in the UK and work full time while earning under the real 7 Living Wage. This is a multiple-response question, so responses do not sum to 100 per cent. in the middle of the first lockdown. Source: Living Wage Foundation analysis of Survation polling. Life onon low low pay pay in in the the pandemic pandemic p.p. 77 3. The effects of the pandemic on overall pay of full-time employees earning 67% less than the real Living Wage said their pay had been lowered for reasons related to the pandemic over the past year, Among these full-time, below- Living-Wage employees, rising to: coronavirus-related pay falls were more common still for parents; young employees; and those in black, Asian and minority ethnic of 9 74% (BAME) groups. those who were parents 77% of The remainder of this report turns those to the broader effects of low pay on aged people’s lives, finances and families 18-24 over the past year. The downward pressure that the pandemic has put on the total earnings of full- time employees paid less than the Living Wage is very likely to have amplified these effects, beyond the usual challenges that living on low 82% of pay poses. those in BAME groups Life on low pay in the pandemic p. 8 4 THE IMPACT OF LOW PAY ON FINANCIAL INSECURITY said they 4. The impact of low pay on financial insecurity had fallen 29% behind with household bills in the past year, rising to: Financial insecurity is a fact of life for many employees 36% paid less than the real Living of those in Wage. Research for the Living Wales, said they had Wage Foundation by KPMG 36% and 34% taken out a of those in has previously found higher of those who pay-day loan demand for unsecured credit were parents Scotland 14% to cover essentials in the past among people earning less than the Living Wage than year, rising to: among those earning above it.10 Surveys conducted during the coronavirus pandemic have 22% of shown higher levels of financial 20% those in BAME strain and a greater likelihood of those groups of having missed payments aged 25-34 on bills among lower-income said they had fallen households and those working behind with their in lower-paying industries.11 20% rent or mortgage in Our polling of employees the past year, rising to: 16% of working full time on less than key workers the Living Wage shows that financial insecurity was a common phenomenon within of 28% this group. 28% those in Wales of those who were parents and 24% of those in Scotland Life on low pay in the pandemic p.
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