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2010 0000 2010 G IN K R E C I CO ES I GH RS N TI FF TS KE OM NI RA OF SEX WOR IC OPPORTU NO TO T GENDER E G AND A R S E T V R O MEDIA O C P S S T R D O DIVERSITY N A SP D EN GE AN OM NDER, MEDIA JOURNAL W Gender, media and sport Gender and Media Diversity Centre The Gender and Media Diversity Journal is an output of the Gender and Media Diversity Centre. The GMDC is a physical and virtual resource centre based in Southern Africa, with linkages in Africa and across the globe. The centre envisages media that are diverse, representative, responsive, and professional, and a citizenry, women and men, who are empowered to engage critically with their media. It facilitates the collection, connection and dissemination of information and resources relating to gender, media and diversity. The centre also collaborates on research, education and training. The GMDC is a consortium of media NGOs and tertiary institutions. Working with an advisory group, Gender Links and the Gender and Media Southern Africa Network manage the centre. The advisory The objectives of the GMDC are to: group includes: • Promote more analytical, responsive and contextual journalism. • African Women and Child Feature Service, East Africa • Develop and share a body of knowledge on gender and media (Rosemary Okello). diversity. • Highway Africa, Pan African (Chris Kabwato) • Publicise the work of media scholars, students and practitioners. • Institute for the Advancement of Journalism, Pan African • Provide resources that make the links between media theory and (Shehnaaz Bulbulia) practice. • Inter Press Service, Pan African (Paula Fray) • Create a space for participatory discussion and debate on gender • Media Institute of Southern Africa, SADC (Jennifer Mufune) and media diversity. • Media Monitoring Africa, South Africa (William Bird) • Develop global and local partnerships with strategic organisations. • National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe • Become a centre of excellence on new approaches and fresh thinking. (Kathy Matsika) • Norwegian Council for Africa, Norway (Magnus Bjornsen) To contact the GMDC: • Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia (Emily Brown) 9, Derrick Avenue, Cyrildene, 2198 • Rhodes University, South Africa (Jude Mathurine) Johannesburg, South Africa • SAFAIDS, SADC (Tariro Chikumbirike) http://www.gmdc.org.za • Sangonet, South Africa (Janine Moolman) http://www.genderlinks.org.za • Sol Plaatjie Institute for Media Leadership, SADC (Francis Mdlongwa) Email: [email protected] • University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Professor Karen Ross) skype: gmdcorg • University of Stellenbosch, South Africa (Professor Lizette Rabe) Phone: +27 (0)11 622 2877 • Zambia Institute of Mass Communication, Zambia (Daniel Nkalamo) Fax: +27 (0)11 622 4732 Friends in academic institutions • Institut Facultaire des Sciences de I’ Informationet de la Communication, (A. Obul Okwess) Gender and Media Diversity Journal • University of Lesotho, Institute of Extra Mural Studies, (Violet Maraisane) Gender, media and sport • University of Swaziland, (Nomvula Motsa) Issue 7 • Institute of Journalism and Mass Communication, (Dr Irenius Kapoli) • University of Antananarivo, Department of Communication, © Copyright 2009 (Hary Razafinimpiasa) Gender Links • Eduardo Mondlane University, (Eduardo Namburete) ISBN: 978-1-920550-40-0 • Independent representatives: - India, Ammu Joseph Editor: Deborah Walter - Malawi, David Kamkwamba Cover Icons: Haidy Lee du Toit - Sweden, Maria Edstrom Cover Photo: Sarah Forde - Sweden, Maria Jacobson Design: [email protected] - United Kingdom, Margaret Gallagher Printer: DS Print Media - United States, Gifti Nadi - Zambia, Hicks Sikazwe - Zambia, Rose Nyondo CONTENTS CONTENTSCONTENTS EDITORIAL 2 Sport and human rights 79 Pimp my ride for 2010: Sex work, legal reform and HIV/AIDS 80 By Marlise Richter NEWS BRIEFS 4 Human trafficking a concern for Zambia 89 By Limpo Nicolette Chinika IN FOCUS: Opinion: Campaign to challenge trafficking in Malawi 95 Gender, Media, Sport and 2010 By Cedric Nkungula Opinion: One man can: Township street soccer 97 By Kristin Palitza 2010 CAMPAIGN 7 Opinion: One man can Campaign - Coach’s Game 103 Plan Against Abuse Media, sport and 2010 9 Bravos do Zambeze: Teamwork for disaster preparedness 105 Making gender count beyond 2010 10 By Tonya Graham and Pedro Simão By Cora Burnett Profile: Skillz Magazine: Soccer Stars Challenging Gender 107 Bend it like Samuel Eto’o… a girls aspirations to play 18 Norms and Violence in the Women’s World Cup By Zak Kaufman By Saida Ali Desiree Ellis Makes Her Move - 1 0 9 Women at sidelines of reporting football 24 excerpted from Skillz Magazine, Edition 1 By Fungai Machirori Breaking glass ceilings: Women in sports media 30 Caster Semanya: SA’s Golden Girl 111 By Colleen Lowe Morna, Pat Made, Kubi Rama and Dumisani Ghandi Caster Semenya: A Girl of Two Parts 112 Changing society’s cultural mindset in and through 36 By Jennifer Elle Lewis FIFA 2010 World Cup By Saeanna Chingamuka Opinion: Inferential homophobia and the news discourse 118 on Caster Semenya Profile: Rhandzu Mthombeni: The path to Beijing 40 By Carolyn M. Byerly By Mandla Masingi Opinion: Media missed the real scoop about Caster Semenya 122 Profile: Kass Naidoo & gsport…for Girls! - 43 By Glenda Muzenda paving the path for the next generation By gsport…for Girls A case of sexual policing? 125 By Ammu Joseph Gender, economics and sport 47 Vox pops: Youth on Caster Semenya 126 By Cindy Dzanya and Pedro Simão Gender, economic empowerment and 2010 48 By Doreen Gaura MEDIA WATCH Access to finance a key to entrepreneurship 54 When media becomes a weapon of war against gender progress 130 By Anne Hilton By Pinkie Mekgwe “Moving the goalposts” sanitary pads project 59 Opinion: Media persecution in the Chansa Kabwela case 134 By Sarah Forde By Muna Ndulo Media lacks content on World Cup 2010’s economic potential 65 “New Media” usage among youth in South Africa 136 By Glory Mushinge By Antoinette Basson Malawi’s women referees given tough time 69 Engaging gender (In)security 143 By Mabvuto Kambuwe By Scott Nicholas Romaniuk Profile: Gozberita Rwezaula: Carving a niche in a man’s tradition 74 Opinion: Pornography or erotica? 153 By Margaret Sembeyu by Kazeka Mashologu Kuse Profile: Gender activist turned entrepreneur: Omong’we Travel & Tours 77 By Martin Warioba NEW PUBLICATIONS 141 GENDER & MEDIA DIVERSITY JOURNAL • PAGE 1 EDITORIAL EDITORIALEDITORIAL Editorial By Deborah Walter From 11 June to 11 July 2010, South Africa will host national business connections, increased investment the FIFA World Cup. An estimated 2.7 million interest in the region, and an added sense of regional spectators will watch the global mega-event’s 64 unity. matches played around the country. And when the final is shown, a television audience of up to Though there has been much discussion about linking 28 billion people will have their eyes on South social development and economic empowerment Africa. One of the most popular sports in the to the event, a crucial part of the equation has world, known both as soccer and football, the been missing – a gender perspective. Gender has “beautiful game,” is at the centre of the region’s been missing from the discourse around 2010, agenda right now. including in the media. As a matter of coincidence, at the same time this issue of the Gender and Yet the event’s impact goes far beyond this one Media Diversity Journal was being conceptualised, month. Preparations have been underway for the media frenzy about 18-year old 800-metre years, including the building of new stadiums, runner Caster Semenya’s “gender test” burst onto improving infrastructure, enhancing transport the global sporting stage. This solidified the urgent systems, and beautifying cities. Small businesses need for more dialogue around gender, sport, and are also getting ready for the massive influx of the media. tourists, adding new items on their menus, adding new stock to their shelves, extending accommodation This issue of the Gender and Media Diversity Journal spaces, etc. on Gender, Media, and Sport was initiated as a small step to help fill the huge gap that exists related to Moreover, it is not just South Africa, but the whole gender, sport, and media, both for 2010 and beyond. region that is getting ready, with the expectation As Cora Burnett proposes in her contribution, making that tourists to the southern part of Africa will gender count for and beyond 2010 relies on “major take the opportunity to stay a while, and enjoy the stakeholders to firstly report on the achievements of region’s many tourist treasures. There has been men and women equally, whilst profiling a wide much talk about the potential “legacy” impact of spectrum of sport in which female role models and holding such a massive worldwide event, such as powerful athletic bodies might transcend gender improved infrastructure left behind, new inter- stereotypes.” PAGE 2 • GENDER AND MEDIA DIVERSITY JOURNAL EDITORIAL Saida Ali seconds this sentiment, when she found Ndulo highlight worrying trends of persecution of during her research with girl footballers in Kenya individuals in and through the media, a practice that this lack of media coverage around women that can harm the causes of gender, human rights, in sport leaves young women with few female and freedom of expression. Antoinette Basson role models to follow. Part of the problem, as explores how using new media is on the rise among Colleen Lowe Morna, Pat Made, Kubi Rama and youth. Dumisani Ghandi found during research for Glass Ceilings: Women and Men in Southern African As we move closer to World Cup 2010, it is Newsrooms, is that sports reporting is still a beat important that we continue the dialogue around dominated by men. how gender plays a role in sport and in the media that covers it. We hope that this edition of the Yet sport goes far beyond the competition, it is in journal will inspire discussion.