DOCSLIB.ORG

Wildlife Protection Study 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wildlife Protection Study 2010 Donato Environmental Services ABN: 68083 254 015 Mobile: 0417 819 196 Int’l mobile: +61 417 819 196 Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 8 8842 1181 Fax +61 8 8842 1186 Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis: Granny Smith Gold Mine Report to: Barrick Granny Smith Gold Mine 20 December 2010 FINAL REPORT Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis: Granny Smith Gold Mine Disclaimer This report has been prepared and produced by Donato Environmental Services (ABN 68083 254 015) in good faith. However, Donato Environmental Services accepts no liability (including liability of negligence) and takes no responsibility for any loss that a user of this report or any third party may suffer or incur as a result of reliance or use, as stated or inferred in this report, and in particular for: • any errors, misinterpretations or omissions in the report; • any inaccuracy in the information and data on which this report is based or contained in this report; and • any interpretations, recommendations or opinions stated in, or which may be inferred from, this report. Citation Smith G.B., Donato, D.B., and Madden-Hallett, D., 2010, Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis, Granny Smith Gold Mine, Draft Report, September, Donato Environmental Services, Darwin. Distribution Receivers Copies Date Issued Issued by Frances Mills, Leon Hill, Arlene Rofe Draft (electronic) 15 Sept 2010 DES Frances Mills, Leon Hill, Arlene Rofe Second draft 18 November 2010 DES (electronic) Peer reviews, Owen Nichols Second draft 18 November 2010 BGS (electronic) Frances Mills, Leon Hill, Arlene Rofe Final (electronic) 20 December 2010 DES ii Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis: Granny Smith Gold Mine Preface This preface is to provide peer reviewers with the context and ramifications of this report in terms of the International Cyanide Management Code (Code) and Code compliance at Barrick Granny Smith Gold Mine (BGS). Three issues are discussed in this preface: the relevance of recommendations derived from this work; the necessity of collecting site-specific data to test hypotheses; and the site data used in this study. The effects of cyanide on fauna in tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are addressed primarily in Standard of Practice 4.4 of the Code. Code objectives, guidance on meeting the Code and auditing requirements are provided in additional documents [1-3]. A series of newsletters are also produced to inform the cyanide industry of new developments and provide clarification [4-7]. Recommendations The Code stipulates that cyanide will generally not kill wildlife at a concentration of less than 50 mg/L WAD cyanide [1]. The Code provides a process for mining operations to prove and demonstrate compliance in excess of this numerical guideline. This peer-reviewed process involves collecting and analysing site- specific empirical data to establish a causal relationship between identified protective mechanisms and the lack of wildlife deaths (p. 33 [2]). This process of hypothesis development and subsequent findings and recommendations follows the Code compliance process at Sunrise Dam, Kanowna Belle and St Ives gold mines. If any hypothesis describing a protective mechanism to an otherwise toxic solution is accepted then this is developed as a theory in the discussion of this report. Recommendations provided are to address limitations of the theory or dataset completeness and identify requirements for compliance with the Code. If accepted, the recommendations are binding and conditional for Code compliance. While these necessary practices may be termed “recommendations,” they are actually requirements for the operation’s compliance with this Standard of Practice. Since the operation must implement the recommendations and their implementation will be evaluated by Code auditors during the certification process, they should be drafted so that, to the extent practical, they are clear and unambiguous in presentation, specific and quantifiable. The operation must be able to demonstrate that the recommendations have been implemented in order to maintain compliance with this Standard of Practice (p. 33 [2]). Hypotheses testing The BGS Interim Report stated that to test the hypotheses proposed (and accepted at other mine sites following M398 and other work) the following conditions are required: • wildlife is present and interacts with cyanide-bearing habitats; • WAD cyanide at spigot discharge exceeds 50 mg/L; and • tailings slurry and solution exceeds 50 000 TDS mg/L. Causation was established with site-specific empirical data at the other hypersaline sites as the three conditions were continuously met. The WAD cyanide discharge concentration at BGS is variable, at times greater and less than 50 mg/L. This is expected to continue. The BGS Interim Report did not iii Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis: Granny Smith Gold Mine include data collected while the system was hypersaline and spigot discharge was greater than 50 mg/L. Consequently the hypotheses were not tested with site-specific data. Subsequently, spigot discharge has been above 50 mg/L and the system is hypersaline, and data collected under these conditions is included in this report. It has not been recommended and would not be compliant with the Code to deliberately increase the cyanide dosage rate to further test the hypotheses. Standard of Practice 4.2 states: Introduce management and operating systems to minimise cyanide use, thereby limiting concentrations of cyanide in mill tailings (p. 3 [1]). The Implementation Guidance document goes on to state: Limiting cyanide use to the greatest extent practicable has environmental and economic benefits because reducing the concentration of cyanide lowers the risk of potential seepage and harmful exposures to wildlife, and minimising the amount of cyanide that must be transported to the site lowers the potential of transport-related releases (p. 10 [8]). And the Auditor’s Guidance document states: Standard of Practice 4.2 applies solely to milling operations, the intent being to limit the use of cyanide to that optimal for economic recovery of gold so that the waste tailings material has as low a cyanide concentration as practical (p. 28 [2]). This predicament produces the ironic and counter-intuitive position that to meet Code compliance (by hypothesis testing with empirical data only) the operation must discharge above 50 mg/L WAD cyanide concentration during all seasons and under all conditions. This is currently not necessary to meet process gold- recovery targets. A process is not articulated in the Code where a site discharges WAD cyanide concentrations above and below 50 mg/L (with protective mechanisms) and gains compliance yet one exists for sites that solely discharge over 50 mg/L (with protective mechanisms). To approach this issue this report provides site-specific data where WAD cyanide discharge concentrations are greater than 50 mg/L, however this report addresses causation and predicts risks while not continuously necessitating this requirement. This process is consistent with Standard of Practice 4.2 and does not necessitate or force the site to discharge above 50 mg/L WAD cyanide and hence continues to encourage a reduction in cyanide usage and meet the objectives of the Code. Dataset Wildlife cyanide toxicosis risk has been studied in a continuous and consistent manner at BGS since 2006, as part of the Sustainable Minerals Institute (SMI) (formerly Australian Centre for Mine and Environment Research (ACMER) P58), the Mining and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia (MERIWA) project M398 [9] and this work. Data from all studies is considered and incorporated in this report. The data collection methodology has been improved since M398 and aims for continuous improvement. iv Influences of hypersaline tailings on wildlife cyanide toxicosis: Granny Smith Gold Mine Executive Barrick Granny Smith Gold Mine (BGS) was one of the international mining operations involved in a study in 2006 under the auspices of the then Australian summary Centre for Mine Environment Research (ACMER) to investigate wildlife cyanide toxicosis risks associated with gold mine waste solutions. Subsequently, BGS was one of three mining operations that undertook a study of the effects of hypersalinity (greater than 50 000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS)) as a protective mechanism under the auspices of the Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia (MERIWA) as project 398 (M398). A salinity of 50 000 TDS is protective as wildlife cannot drink such saline water and avoids its ingestion during foraging activities. This current study builds upon and is a continuation of these previous studies. The M398 study was previously peer reviewed under the processes provided in the International Cyanide Management Code (Code) resulting in two sites (Kanowna Belle (BKB) and St Ives (GSI) gold mines) gaining full compliance due to acceptance of the hypothesised protective mechanisms. At the time BGS was documented as saline (14 000 to 21 000 mg/L TDS). A residual (theoretical) risk was therefore identified, even though no deaths were recorded during that study, as some wildlife species have been reported in the literature as able to drink solutions of up to 47 000 mg/L TDS (see Appendix 1). BGS continued to monitor the tailings storage facility (TSF) as stipulated in the recommendations of the M398 study. To address the identified theoretical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report
    Geography Monograph Series No. 13 Cravens Peak Scientific Study Report The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. Brisbane, 2009 The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. is a non-profit organization that promotes the study of Geography within educational, scientific, professional, commercial and broader general communities. Since its establishment in 1885, the Society has taken the lead in geo- graphical education, exploration and research in Queensland. Published by: The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. 237 Milton Road, Milton QLD 4064, Australia Phone: (07) 3368 2066; Fax: (07) 33671011 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rgsq.org.au ISBN 978 0 949286 16 8 ISSN 1037 7158 © 2009 Desktop Publishing: Kevin Long, Page People Pty Ltd (www.pagepeople.com.au) Printing: Snap Printing Milton (www.milton.snapprinting.com.au) Cover: Pemberton Design (www.pembertondesign.com.au) Cover photo: Cravens Peak. Photographer: Nick Rains 2007 State map and Topographic Map provided by: Richard MacNeill, Spatial Information Coordinator, Bush Heritage Australia (www.bushheritage.org.au) Other Titles in the Geography Monograph Series: No 1. Technology Education and Geography in Australia Higher Education No 2. Geography in Society: a Case for Geography in Australian Society No 3. Cape York Peninsula Scientific Study Report No 4. Musselbrook Reserve Scientific Study Report No 5. A Continent for a Nation; and, Dividing Societies No 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report No 7. Braving the Bull of Heaven; and, Societal Benefits from Seasonal Climate Forecasting No 8. Antarctica: a Conducted Tour from Ancient to Modern; and, Undara: the Longest Known Young Lava Flow No 9. White Mountains Scientific Study Report No 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Band Size List Page 1
    Jun 00 Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme - Recommended Band Size List Page 1 Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme Recommended Band Size List - Birds of Australia and its Territories Number 24 - May 2000 This list contains all extant bird species which have been recorded for Australia and its Territories, including Antarctica, Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Cocos and Keeling Islands, with their respective RAOU numbers and band sizes as recommended by the Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme. The list is in two parts: Part 1 is in taxonomic order, based on information in "The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories" (1994) by Leslie Christidis and Walter E. Boles, RAOU Monograph 2, RAOU, Melbourne, for non-passerines; and “The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines” (1999) by R. Schodde and I.J. Mason, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, for passerines. Part 2 is in alphabetic order of common names. The lists include sub-species where these are listed on the Census of Australian Vertebrate Species (CAVS version 8.1, 1994). CHOOSING THE CORRECT BAND Selecting the appropriate band to use combines several factors, including the species to be banded, variability within the species, growth characteristics of the species, and band design. The following list recommends band sizes and metals based on reports from banders, compiled over the life of the ABBBS. For most species, the recommended sizes have been used on substantial numbers of birds. For some species, relatively few individuals have been banded and the size is listed with a question mark. In still other species, too few birds have been banded to justify a size recommendation and none is made.
    [Show full text]
  • Doh Multi-Page Template
    Medical Entomology 2016/2017 Annual Report Environmental Health Hazards Unit Environmental Health Directorate Public Health Division Department of Health, Western Australia PO Box 8172, Perth Business Centre Perth, 6849 Acknowledgements The extensive and diverse work program undertaken by the Department of Health’s Medical Entomology team outlined in this Annual Report could not have been completed without significant assistance and collaboration from many partners and stakeholders. In particular, the Medical Entomology team wishes to thank the Department of Health for its ongoing support in regards to this important public health program including: o the Environmental Health Directorate; o the Communicable Disease Control Directorate; o Population Health Units/Area Health Services o PathWest; and o Communications Directorate. The Pathwest laboratory continued to have a significant involvement in the program through provision of laboratory services for key components of the surveillance program for detection of arboviruses of public health significance to the State. We also acknowledge and thank the Population Health Units and the Western Australian Country Health Service for their role in reporting and follow-up of human cases of disease, and especially the role of Local Governments in the management of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. These organisations play an active role in the provision of data, case follow up investigations, care and bleeding of chickens for the sentinel chicken program, trapping of mosquitoes, mosquito control treatments and advice to the Western Australian community about disease risk through the media. In particular we thank Environmental Health Officers from the 139 Local Governments across WA, especially those within Contiguous Local Authority Groups (CLAGs), who respond to public complaints, undertake larval and adult mosquito surveys, and undertake mosquito control activities as part of their complex, integrated programs to manage the risks to public health and amenity within their regions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birder, No. 255, Spring 2020
    e h T The oBfficial mIagaRzine of BDirds SA SEpring 202R 0 No 255 In this Issue Vale Kent Treloar October Campout Linking people with birds What’s happening to in South Australia Adelaide’s trees? A Colourful Pair A Rainbow Lorikeet pair (Photographed by Jeff Groves on River Torrens Linear Park ,June 2020 ) Contents President’s Message ............................................................................................................ 5 Volunteers wanted ................................................................................................................. 6 Vale Kent Treloar ..................................................................................................................... 7 Conservation Sub-Committee Report ............................................................................... 10 What’s happening to Adelaide’s Trees? ............................................................................. 12 Friends of Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary (FAIBS) ............................................. 16 Your help is still needed ...................................................................................................... 17 Bird Watching is Big Business ............................................................................................ 19 Short-tailed Shearwaters in Trouble ................................................................................. 20 Larry’s Birding Trips .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stilt 50 Final 16-04-07
    Stilt 50 ( 2006 ): 215-223 Are we neglecting non-migratory shorebirds? ARE WE NEGLECTING THE NON-MIGRATORY SHOREBIRDS OF THE EAST ASIAN– AUSTRALASIAN FLYWAY? MICHAEL A WESTON Birds Australia National Office, 415 Riversdale Rd, Hawthorn East, 3123, Australia (from February 2007: Green Building, 60 Leicester St, Carlton 3053, Australia) A recurrent debate within the Australasian Wader Study Group (AWSG) is whether resident (non-migratory) shorebirds are being neglected in favour of migratory species in terms of research and conservation efforts. This paper examines whether migrants have attracted a disproportionate research and conservation effort from the AWSG, by using articles published in Stilt as an index of effort. More articles (223 cf. 110) and more pages (912 cf. 267) have been dedicated specifically to migrants. Articles on migrants (4.3 ± 2.2 [mean ± standard deviation] pages) were longer than those on residents (2.5 ± 1.8 pages). These differences might reflect the fact that there are more migrants in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway since the ratio of migrant to resident species is 1.4:1 or 2:1 depending on which species are considered to use the flyway. Even when corrections are applied for this imbalance (for the 1.4:1 ratio only), a disproportionate number of pages and articles have still been devoted to migrants. Overall, it appears that there is a bias towards research and conservation effort on migratory species, with the cumulative magnitude of the bias to date equating to the number of pages in 3.8 average-length editions of Stilt . I speculate on some of the causes of the apparent bias.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Distribution, Status and Ecology of the Star Finch Neochmia Ruficauda in Queensland
    AUSTRALIAN 278 BIRD WATCHER AUSTRALIAN BIRD WATCHER 1998, 17, 278-289 A Review of the Distribution, Status and Ecology of the Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda in Queensland by GLENN H.OLMES, P.O. Box 1246, Atherton, Queensland 4883 Summary The Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda has been recorded in 35-37 one-degree blocks in Queensland. Most records concern the Edward River, Princess Charlotte Bay and Rockharnpton districts. Viable populations are probably now restricted to Cape York Peninsula. Typical habitat comprises grasslands or grassy open woodlands, near permanent water or subject to regular inundation. Some sites support shrubby regrowth caused by the clearing of formerly unsuitable denser woodlands. Recorded food items are all seeds, of five grass species and one sedge. Precise nest records are few, but large numbers of juveniles have been observed during the last two decades at Aurukun, Pormpuraaw, Kowanyarna and Princess Charlotte Bay. Threatening processes are discussed; livestock grazing in riparian situations is considered the most deleterious. Introduction The distribution, status and ecology of the Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda in Queensland require urgent review. Endemic to northern and eastern Australia, its populations have declined in most regions. Available evidence suggests that the greatest contraction in its distribution has occurred in Queensland (e.g. Blakers et al. 1984). It is extinct in New South Wales, but its distribution there was only oflirnited extent (Holmes 1996). The Star Finch is protected stringently in Queensland because it is gazetted as Endangered under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. This categorisation takes due account of 'biological vulnerability, extent of current knowledge ... and management needs'.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Non-Human Vertebrates in Australia: a Review
    viruses Review Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Non-Human Vertebrates in Australia: A Review Oselyne T. W. Ong 1,2 , Eloise B. Skinner 3,4 , Brian J. Johnson 2 and Julie M. Old 5,* 1 Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; [email protected] 2 Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; [email protected] 3 Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; [email protected] 4 Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 5 School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Mosquito-borne viruses are well recognized as a global public health burden amongst humans, but the effects on non-human vertebrates is rarely reported. Australia, houses a number of endemic mosquito-borne viruses, such as Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. In this review, we synthesize the current state of mosquito-borne viruses impacting non-human vertebrates in Australia, including diseases that could be introduced due to local mosquito distribution. Given the unique island biogeography of Australia and the endemism of vertebrate species (including macropods and monotremes), Australia is highly susceptible to foreign mosquito species becoming established, and mosquito-borne viruses becoming endemic alongside novel reservoirs. For each virus, we summarize the known geographic distribution, mosquito vectors, vertebrate hosts, clinical signs and treatments, and highlight the importance of including non-human vertebrates in the assessment of future disease outbreaks. The mosquito-borne viruses discussed can impact wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, causing significant changes to Australian Citation: Ong, O.T.W.; Skinner, E.B.; ecology and economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Bollettino Della Società Entomologica Italiana
    Poste Italiane S.p.A. ISSN 0373-3491 Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale - 70% DCB Genova BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Volume 152 Fascicolo II maggio - agosto 2020 31 agosto 2020 SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA via Brigata Liguria 9 Genova SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Sede di Genova, via Brigata Liguria, 9 presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale n Consiglio Direttivo 2018-2020 Presidente: Francesco Pennacchio Vice Presidente: Roberto Poggi Segretario: Davide Badano Amministratore/Tesoriere: Giulio Gardini Bibliotecario: Antonio Rey Direttore delle Pubblicazioni: Pier Mauro Giachino Consiglieri: Alberto Alma, Alberto Ballerio, Andrea Battisti, Marco A. Bologna, Achille Casale, Marco Dellacasa, Loris Galli, Gianfranco Liberti, Bruno Massa, Massimo Meregalli, Luciana Tavella, Stefano Zoia Revisori dei Conti: Enrico Gallo, Giuliano Lo Pinto Revisori dei Conti supplenti: Giovanni Tognon, Marco Terrile n Consulenti Editoriali PAOLO AUDISIO (Roma) - EMILIO BALLETTO (Torino) - MAURIZIO BIONDI (L’Aquila) - MARCO A. BOLOGNA (Roma) PIETRO BRANDMAYR (Cosenza) - ROMANO DALLAI (Siena) - MARCO DELLACASA (Calci, Pisa) - ERNST HEISS (Innsbruck) - MANFRED JÄCH (Wien) - FRANCO MASON (Verona) - LUIGI MASUTTI (Padova) - ALESSANDRO MINELLI (Padova) - JOSÉ M. SALGADO COSTAS (Leon) - VALERIO SBORDONI (Roma) - BARBARA KNOFLACH-THALER (Innsbruck) STEFANO TURILLAZZI (Firenze) - ALBERTO ZILLI (Londra) - PETER ZWICK (Schlitz). ISSN 0373-3491 BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Fondata nel 1869 - Eretta a Ente Morale con R. Decreto 28 Maggio 1936 Volume 152 Fascicolo II maggio - agosto 2020 31 agosto 2020 REGISTRATO PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI GENOVA AL N. 76 (4 LUGLIO 1949) Prof. Achille Casale - Direttore Responsabile Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale 70% - Quadrimestrale Pubblicazione a cura di PAGEPress - Via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia Stampa: Press Up s.r.l., via E.Q.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diamantina and Warburton River System in South Australia
    Natural Resources SA Arid Lands IMPROVING HABITAT CONDITION AND CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S CHANNEL COUNTRY THE DIAMANTINA AND WARBURTON RIVER SYSTEM IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA Summary of technical findings June 2017 I Report to the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, June 2017 Cover photograph: Koonchera Waterhole, South Australia All photos in this document were sourced from: the Technical Reports, Natural Resources SA Arid Lands, and others as specifically stated. The creators of this document acknowledge the significant direction and contribution provided by Henry Mancini. Document design and production by Cathryn Charnock Corporate Publishing Document can be referenced as: Mancini, H. (ed) 2017. Summary of technical findings: Improving habitat condition and connectivity in South Australia’s channel country - the Diamantina and Warburton river system in South Australia.Report by Natural Resources SA Arid Lands DEWNR, to the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, Pt Augusta. Disclaimer: The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of use of the information contained herein as to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board and its employees expressly disclaim all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. While every reasonable effort has been made to verify the information in this report use of the information contained is at your sole risk. Natural Resources SA Arid Lands and the Australian Government recommend independent verification of the information before taking any action. © South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board 2017 This work is copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil, Food Security and Human Health: a Review
    European Journal of Soil Science, March 2015, 66, 257–276 doi: 10.1111/ejss.12216 Invited Review Soil, food security and human health: a review M. A. Olivera & P. J. Gregoryb,c aDepartment of Geography & Environmental Science, School of Human & Environmental Sciences, Soil Research Centre, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 233, Reading RG6 6DW, UK, bEast Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK, and cCentre for Food Security, School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, UK Summary Direct effects of soil or its constituents on human health are through its ingestion, inhalation or absorption. The soil contains many infectious organisms that may enter the human body through these pathways, but it also provides organisms on which our earliest antibiotics are based. Indirect effects of soil arise from the quantity and quality of food that humans consume. Trace elements can have both beneficial and toxic effects on humans, especially where the range for optimal intake is narrow. We focus on four trace elements (iodine, iron, selenium and zinc) whose deficiencies have substantial effects on human health. As the world’s population increases issues of food security become more pressing, as does the need to sustain soil fertility and minimize its degradation. Lack of adequate food and food of poor nutritional quality lead to differing degrees of under-nutrition, which in turn causes ill health. Soil and land are finite resources and agricultural land is under severe competition from other uses. Relationships between soil and health are often difficult to extricate because of the many confounding factors present.
    [Show full text]