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Front Matter the Editors Bridges 2020 Mathematics | Art | Music | Architecture | Education | Culture Conference Proceedings Editors Program Chair Carolyn Yackel Mathematics Department Mercer University Macon, Georgia, USA Workshop Papers Chairs Eve Torrence Kristóf Fenyvesi Mathematics Department Finnish Institute for Educational Research Randolph-Macon College University of Jyväskylä Ashland, Virginia, USA Jyväskylä, Finland Short Papers Chair Production Chair Robert Bosch Craig S. Kaplan Mathematics Department Cheriton School of Computer Science Oberlin College University of Waterloo Oberlin, Ohio, USA Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Bridges 2020 Conference Proceedings (www.bridgesmathart.org). All rights reserved. General permission is granted to the public for non-commercial reproduction, in limited quantities, of individual articles, provided authorization is obtained from individual authors and a complete reference is given for the source. All copyrights and responsibilities for individual articles in the 2020 Conference Proceedings remain under the control of the original authors. ISBN: 978-1-938664-36-6 ISSN: 1099-6702 Published by Tessellations Publishing, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (© 2020 Tessellations) Distributed by MathArtFun.com (mathartfun.com). Cover design: Kerry Mitchell, Peoria, Arizona Bridges Board of Directors Kristóf Fenyvesi Susan Goldstine Finnish Institute for Educational Research Department of Mathematics and Computer University of Jyväskylä Science Jyväskylä, Finland St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland, USA George Hart Craig S. Kaplan Wiarton, Ontario, Canada Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Carlo H. Séquin Sujan Shrestha Computer Science Division Science, Information Arts & Technologies University of California, Berkeley University of Baltimore Berkeley, California, USA Baltimore, Maryland, USA Eve Torrence Department of Mathematics Randolph-Macon College Ashland, Virginia, USA Area Coordinators Steve Abbott Robert Fathauer Department of Mathematics Tessellations Company Middlebury College Phoenix, Arizona, USA Vermont, USA Art Exhibition Theater Event Kristóf Fenyvesi Sarah Glaz Finnish Institute for Educational Research The University of Connecticut University of Jyväskylä Storrs, Connecticut, USA Jyväskylä, Finland Poetry Reading Family Day Tiffany Inglis Nathan Selikoff D2L Digital Awakening Studios Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Orlando, Florida, USA Technical Support Technical Support Bianca Violet IMAGINARY Berlin, Germany Short Film Festival Conference Organization Anna Valtonen Jouko Lampinen Vice President, Art and Creative Practices Dean, School of Science Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland Kirsi Peltonen Taneli Luotoniemi Aalto Math&Arts Aalto Math&Arts Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland Maija Aksela Kari Astala LUMA Centre Finland Department of Mathematics and Systems University of Helsinki Analysis Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki Espoo, Finland Mika Elo Ilona Hyötyläinen Vice-dean of Research Department of Design The University of the Arts Helsinki Aalto University Helsinki, Finland Espoo, Finland Laura Isoniemi Markus Juvonen Department of Design Department of Mathematics and Statistics Aalto University University of Helsinki Espoo, Finland Helsinki, Finland Laura Karvonen Toni Kotnik Dean’s Unit of the School of Science Department of Architecture Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland Pirjo Kääriäinen Matti Lassas Department of Design Department of Mathematics and Statistics Aalto University University of Helsinki Espoo, Finland Helsinki, Finland Saara Lehto Rami Luisto LUMA Centre Finland Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Helsinki University of Jyväskylä Helsinki, Finland Jyväskylä, Finland Eija Myötyri Petteri Mäkiniemi Aalto Junior Department of Media Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland Veli-Matti Ikävalko Martti Raevaara Aalto Junior Department of Art Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland David Radnell Maisa Rein Department of Mathematics and Systems Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis Analysis Aalto University Aalto University Espoo, Finland Espoo, Finland Karola Salminen Eero Saksman Dean’s Unit of the School of Science Department of Mathematics and Statistics Aalto University University of Helsinki Espoo, Finland Helsinki, Finland Helena Sederholm Department of Art Aalto University Espoo, Finland Proceedings Program Committee Steve Abbott Kazushi Ahara Abdalla G. M. Ahmed Middlebury College Meiji University Khartoum, Sudan Vermont, USA Tokyo, Japan Mara Alagic Marco Aldi Roger Antonsen Wichita State University Virginia Commonwealth University of Oslo Kansas, USA University Oslo, Norway Richmond, Virginia, USA Ellie Baker Javier Barallo Robert Bosch Lexington, Massachusetts, USA The University of the Basque Oberlin College Country UPV/EHU Ohio, USA Vizcaya, Spain Natalija Budinski Doug Burkholder Andrea Capozucca Petro Kuzmjak School Lenoir-Rhyne University University of Camerino Ruski Krstur, Serbia Hickory, North Carolina, USA Camerino, Italy Christopher Carlson Andrew Cooper Kelly Delp Wolfram Research North Carolina State University Cornell University Champaign, Illinois, USA Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Ithaca, New York, USA Neil Dodgson Mircea Draghicescu Doug Dunham Victoria University of Wellington ITSPHUN LLC University of Minnesota New Zealand Portland, Oregon, USA Duluth, USA Frank Farris Robert Fathauer Loe Feijs Santa Clara University Tessellations Company Eindhoven University of California, USA Phoenix, Arizona, USA Technology The Netherlands Kristóf Fenyvesi Chamberlain Fong Paul Gailiunas University of Jyväskylä San Francisco, California, USA Newcastle, England Finland Susan Gerofsky Sarah Glaz Susan Goldstine University of British Columbia The University of Connecticut St. Mary’s College of Maryland Vancouver, Canada Storrs, Connecticut, USA St. Mary’s City, Maryland, USA Chaim Goodman-Strauss Gary Greenfield Emily Grosholz University of Arkansas University of Richmond Pennsylvania State University Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA Virginia, USA University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Richard Hammack Edmund Harris George Hart Virginia Commonwealth University of Arkansas Wiarton, Ontario, Canada University Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA Richmond, Virginia, USA Anna Maria Hartkopf Andrea Hawksley Judy Holdener Freie Universität Berlin eleVR, HARC, YCR Kenyon College Berlin, Germany San Francisco, California, USA Ohio, USA Rachael Horsman Guy Inchbald Tiffany Inglis Cambridge Mathematics Worchestershire, England D2L England Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Veronika Irvine Craig S. Kaplan Karl Kattchee University of Waterloo University of Waterloo University of Wisconsin Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada La Crosse, USA Toni Kotnik Lisa Lajeunesse Saara Lehto Aalto University Capilano University LUMA Centre Finland Helsinki, Finland North Vancouver, British University of Helsinki Columbia, Canada Helsinki, Finland Alice Major Vincent J. Matsko Elisabetta Matsumoto Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Spring Hill, Florida, USA Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dan May Iggy McGovern Douglas McKenna Black Hills State University Trinity College Dublin Mathemæsthetics, Inc. Spearfish, South Dakota, USA Dublin, Ireland Boulder, Colorado, USA Kerry Mitchell Teresa Moore Mike Naylor Phoenix, Arizona, USA Ithaca College Matematikkbølgen Ithaca, New York, USA Math Creativity and Competency Center Vanvikan, Norway Doug Norton Werner Olivier Osmo Pekonen Villanova University Nelson Mandela University University of Jyväskylä Pennsylvania, USA Port Elizabeth, South Africa Finland Kirsi Peltonen Ulrich Reitebuch Rinus Roelofs Aalto University Freie Universität Berlin Hengelo, The Netherlands Helsinki, Finland Germany Radmila Sazdanovic Karl Schaffer Henry Segerman North Carolina State University De Anza College and Oklahoma State University Raleigh, North Carolina, USA MoveSpeakSpin Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA Scotts Valley, California Carlo H. Séquin Sujan Shrestha Donald Spector University of California, Berkeley University of Baltimore Hobart & William Smith Colleges USA Maryland, USA Geneva, New York, USA Catherina Steyn John Sullivan David Swart Nelson Mandela University Technische Universität Berlin Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Port Elizabeth, South Africa Germany Laura Taalman Felicia Tabing Tara Taylor James Madison University University of Southern California St. Francis Xavier University Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA Los Angeles, California, USA Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada Briony Thomas Bruce Torrence Eve Torrence University of Leeds Randolph-Macon College Randolph-Macon College England Ashland, Virginia, USA Ashland, Virginia, USA Eva Ulbrich Walt van Ballegooijen Tom Verhoeff Johannes Kepler University Wijk en Aalburg, The Netherlands Eindhoven University of Linz, Austria Technology The Netherlands Charles Wampler Phil Webster Robert Weinhandl General Motors Research and Phil Webster Design Johannes Kepler University Development Scotts Valley, California, USA Linz, Austria Warren, Michigan, USA Martin Weissman Jiangmei Wu Carolyn Yackel University of California, Santa Indiana University Bloomington Mercer University Cruz Indiana, USA Macon, Georgia, USA Santa Cruz, California, USA Art Exhibition and Catalog Program Committee Robert Fathauer Bruce Torrence Tessellations Company Randolph-Macon College Phoenix, Arizona, USA Ashland, Virginia, USA Co-curator Co-curator Katie
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