57 A NOTE ON DIRECTORIES

Whilst most of the trade directories consulted for the dealer dictionary were standard list formats, some nineteenth century directories were more ambitious projects. John Tallis’ London Street Views, for example, published in parts between 1838 and 1847, was an innovative publication that included lithograph illustrations of architectural elevations of the shops in a number of streets and locations in London. Traders in Tallis’ directory, which was aimed at the top end of the market, could pay to have their names advertised above their pictured shop fronts. The illustrations in this dictionary contain a group of antique and curiosity shops illustrated in John Tallis’ London Street Views - (see figure 12 ; Miss Clarke, Regent Street, figure 13 ; Isaacs, Regent Street). Directories, like any historical source material, are anchored in their own social and cultural contexts and it is important to take care to acknowledge the nature and purpose of the source material in any historical investigation. Indeed, it is well-known that trade directories, particularly in the period up to the 1850s, were notorious for their inaccuracies and inconsistencies, as historians such as Jane E. Norton and P. J. Atkins have already explained.5 Aspects such as the method of compilation of directories had a significant impact of the completeness and consistency of the information presented and given the sheer amount of time it could potentially take to compile a large directory, it is clear that some of the information would already be out of date by the time the directory was published. Even aspects such as the weather could have an impact on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of information in directories - for example, heavy snow was known to restrict the survey activity in some areas.6 Directory publishers were also not averse to plagiarism, often reprinting whole sections of earlier directories and merely adjusting the date of publication. Criticism of directories as accurate sources of information is not restricted to the rigour of modern historical investigations and directories were often condemned for their failings at the time of their publication; William Robson, publisher of the London Directory in the 1830s, encapsulates the exasperation of the task, as he wrote in the preface of his 1833 edition;

Books o f this nature have to pass through a most severe ordeal; and are subject to a species of criticism from which all other publications are exempt. Here every man turns critic; and when a respectable name happens to be omitted, or wrong spelt, or a trade or residence inaccurately described, the most sweeping and unjust censures are often instantly passed upon the whole book, as good for nothing, merely because it is not good for everything. I f such indiscriminate censors could know the extreme difficulty o f obtaining the full and accurate information, essential to the compilation o f a correct directory, and the immense labour, time and expense attending to its publication, they would abate somewhat of their reproaches...

The dictionary entries not only reflect the inconsistencies of the Trade and Post Office directories themselves, but they also illustrate the protean nature of those involved in the antique and curiosity trade during the nineteenth century. Naming is an unstable cultural register and many of the descriptive terms and trade classifications appear to have been 58 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS used interchangeably in the period. Moreover, we also need to be aware of projecting our own perceptions into the prospective meaning of a descriptive category, classification or title. The complex nature of the nomenclature adopted by those describing the practices of the antique and curiosity trade often remains difficult to decipher and it is quite clear that trade classifications obscure a much broader range of practices. For example, Samuel James Hadnutt was listed as a ‘Dealer in Ancient Furniture’ trading from Wardour Street between the late 1830s and the early 1850s, however, Hadnutt was also listed in several other trade directories in the same period simply as a ‘Carver and Gilder’. Such anomalies illustrate the overlapping practices of those involved in the antique and curiosity trade, something that was especially evident during the first half of the nineteenth century when the trade was expanding rapidly in response to the evolving market. It is also clear that many of those traders classified as ‘art dealers’ and ‘picture dealers’, sold a much wider range of objects than their trade classification in the directories suggest. However, the dictionary only includes entries on well-known ‘picture dealers’ where there is firm evidence that they also traded in antiques and curiosities in the period. For example, Thomas Emmerson, Henry Farrer, and the Colnaghi family were predominantly known as art dealers but are included due to consistent evidence that they were frequent traders in ancient armour, antique furniture and curiosities during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Art dealers such as John Smith, Samuel Woodburn and Thomas Agnew do not appear in the dictionary as there appears to be little evidence that they strayed too far beyond their activities as picture dealers. Such classifications and their associated inclusions and exclusions are open to further debate. However, the rationale for inclusion of a dealer in the dictionary was always based documentary evidence and given the complex nature of antique and curiosity trade in the nineteenth century, it is hoped that any apparent contradictions are resolved in the information contained in the individual entries themselves. Readers will also note that the dictionary does not include entries for the French Marchands-Merciers trading from Paris and elsewhere in the opening decade of the nineteenth century. Individuals such as Philippe-Claude Maelrondt, who supplied the Prince Regent (later George IV) with French furniture and works of art, owe their legacy to eighteenth century specialist traders such as Lazare Duvaux (d.1758) and Dominique Daguerre (d.1796) and perhaps can be more properly considered to be suppliers of modified ‘modern’ productions.8 It is of course clear that several of the dealers included in the dictionary, such as Edward Holmes Baldock, Robert Hume and Robert Fogg and even conventional trade directory classified curiosity dealers such as William Forrest and John Coleman Isaac, did indulge in practices such as modifying, converting and embellishing antique furniture and works of art in a similar way that the Marchands- Merciers are known to have worked. However, these ‘curiosity dealers’ also indulged in practices more conventionally associated with the trade in antiquities, curiosities, ancient furniture and related historical material. The absence of the French Marchands-Merciers from the dictionary is a reflection of the more specific nature of their own practices and, at least as far as the evidence suggests, the lack of any trade activities of a similar nature to those of the curiosity dealers. I trust I can be forgiven for such classificatory exclusions. The inclusion of information on dealer activities at the major auction sales during the course of the nineteenth century highlights the presence of the dealers as speculative 59 buyers and commission agents at these important moments in the evolving market. At the same time, the roll call of dealer names at auctions such as Strawberry Hill (1842.), at Stowe (1848), Hamilton Palace (1882) and the Fountaine Collection (1884), directs attention to the significance of the role of the dealer in the histories of collecting and consumption. Equally important are the roles that the dealers played within the exhibition culture in the nineteenth century. The display of objects at exhibitions such as those at Gore House, London in 1853 and at related events such as the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857 and the Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in 1868, were significant platforms for the expansion of the market for fine and decorative art and the inclusion of information on dealer activities and practices at these events directs further attention to the agency of the dealer within these complementary art market mechanisms. It is hoped that the compilation of this dictionary will act as a catalyst for further investigation and study of the dealer and their roles within the histories of collecting, the histories of the art market and the histories of consumption. No less significant of course is the role of the dealer in the history of furniture, which, as the reader will note, has been a specialist trade activity since at least the second decade of the nineteenth century, (see the entry for William Holl, the first trader officially classified as ‘Antique Furniture Dealer’ in 18 17).

REFERENCES 1. Mark Westgarth, The Emergence o f the Antique and Curiosity Dealer i 8ij- i 8jo: the commodification of historical objects, (forthcoming, Ashgate, 2010). 2. The Isaac archive is held at the Hartley Library, University of Southampton, M S139/A /J3. The archive was transferred from the Anglo-Jewish archives at the Mocatta Library, University College London to the University of Southampton in 1990. The papers were deposited at the Mocatta Library, University College London by the late Joseph Pollitzer, John Coleman Isaac’s great, great nephew. A number of letters are written in Hebrew and were translated into English in the late 1960s by a Rabbi Feld. A brief summary of the archive and in particular its significance in relation to Jewish cultural history was completed during the early 1970s by the late Alex Jacob and the late G.H. Whitehill, director of the Anglo-Jewish archives at the Mocatta Library, (see Hartley Library, M Siyy/A Jy} no.468/Add 3). 3. The Isaac archive contains three fairly substantial parcels of letters from the collectors, Ralph Bernal (C1783-1854), (covering the period 1 8 3 4 - 4 1 ) , Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick (1783-1848), (covering the period 1 8 3 1 - 4 2 ) and Captain Henry Augustus Langley ( d . 1 8 3 4 ) , (covering the period 1 8 2 7 - 8 ) . As well as several letters from and references to many other significant collectors, including Thomas Baylis, Lady Charlotte Bury, the Hon. Robert Curzon, Rev. Champion John Dymoke, Andrew Fountaine and Hollingworth Magniac. 4. A waste book is a book-keeping record, typically a bound volume, detailing in rough the daily trading activities including receipts and expenditure in order of their occurrence. ‘Waste Book’, ‘Day Book’ and ‘Journal’ were often used interchangeably in the nineteenth century. The copy held at the Hartley Library, MSiyy/AJji, no.467, is a photographed copy of the original book, which remains in a private collection in London. This private collection also holds photocopies of three diaries (the location of the originals are not known) relating to John Coleman Isaac’s buying trips to the Continent during the 1840s, one of which dating to 1846 was partially transcribed and published in a short biographical essay on John Coleman Isaac published in 2002; Martin Levy & Elaine Moss, ‘John Coleman Isaac, “ Importer of Curiosities” , an outline of his life and the 1846 Continental D ia r y Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, issue 1, May 2002, pp. 9 7 -1 1 4 , (pp. 10 5 -11 2 ). The photographed copy of the waste book appears to have been obtained in the 1960s for a display at the Jewish Museum in London at the rime the archive u'as lodged at the Mocatta Library’ at University College London. The transactions in the waste book are recorded in various hands. Levy and Moss (2002), op. cit. p. 98, suggest that entries up to 18 2 1 are those recorded by Henry’ Abraham Davies, or perhaps a clerk, and those of his sister, Sarah Davies. The entries after 18 25 are identifiable with John Coleman Isaac’s 60 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS hand from comparisons to the letter archive. See also Martin Levy, ‘Ralph Bernal and John Coleman Isaac: Some Correspondence’, Furniture History, vol.XLIII, 2007, pp. 293-302. 5. See for example, Jane E. Norton, Guide to the National and Provincial Directories o f England and Wales, excluding London, published before i 8j 6, (London, Royal Historical Society, 1950), especially pp. 16 -2 4 ; J.E.Norton, ‘The Post Office London Directory’, The Library, vol.XXI, no.4, (1966), pp. 29 3-29 9 ; P. J. Atkins, The Trade Directories o f London 16 7 7 -19 7 7 , (London and New York, Mansell, 1990). 6. Norton, (1950), op. cit. p. 19. 7. William Robson, Robson’s London Directory, (1833), preface. 8. For more information on the Marchands-Merciers see, for example, Carolyn Sargentson, Merchants and Luxury Markets, the marchands-merciers o f eighteenth-century Paris, (London, VficA, 1996); Geoffrey de Bellaigue, ‘George IV: his approach to furniture’, Furniture History, vol.XX, (1984), pp. 203-210; Hugh Roberts, ‘ Quite Appropriate for Windsor Castle; George IV and George Watson Taylor’, Furniture History, vol.XXXVI, (2000), pp. 1 1 5 - 1 3 7 . 6z

ABRAH AM S, Isaac ADAM S, James Isaac Abrahams is listed as ‘ Clothes Dealer and James Adams described himself as a ‘ picture Curiosity Dealer’ at zz Paradise Street in C ore’s dealer’, in Holland Street, Wardour Street, Directory for Liverpool, 1829. According to London, in a court case at the Old Bailey on information in the dealer John Coleman Issac zz*1 October 18 38 . Adams was a witness in a case (q.v.) archives Abrahams was trading at z8 of theft, and said that he did not have a shop, but Paradise Street, Liverpool in 18Z9 and 1830. dealt ‘in anything I can get a living by’.’ Abrahams appears to be trading at Great (www.oldbiileyonline.org.) Charlotte Street, Liverpool in 1831, and at 1 1 Brownlow Hill, near Blake Street, Liverpool ADAMS, John in 183Z. By 1833 Abrahams had moved back to John Adams is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at Paradise Street, this time at number 3Z and 1 1 Duke Street, London, in the Post Office in 18 3 5 Abrahams sent John Coleman Isaac a Directory for 1 8 1 7 and as ‘curiosity and picture note; ‘be so kind as to direct the parcel to dealer’ at 1 1 Duke’s Street in various trade Mr Abrahams, No.15 Paradise Street, directories. Adams is listed at St Martin’s Lane in Liverpool’. 18Z4 and at 10 Dukes Street in i8z6 . John In 18Z9, John Coleman Isaac sold several Adams is listed as ‘picture liner and dealer’ at curiosities to Abrahams, including ‘4 ivory 13 Great Newport Street in Pigot’s Directory’, carvings in gilt frames’ (£5.0.0.); an ‘ivory 183Z, 1837 and 1849. Adams is listed at crucifix containing relics’ (£z.o.o.); ‘4 carved 49 Rupert Street, Haymarket in Kelly’s ivory skeletons and a carved wooden crucifix’ Directory, 1864. In February’ i8zo , the dealer (£1.10.0.) and took in exchange ‘a gold musical Abraham Davies (q.v.) exchanged ‘a Suit of snuff box’ some other snuff boxes and ‘a small late Armour Cap a pie’ for ‘ 5 marble busts’ from piece of mosaic work in case’ (for this M r Adams. transaction Isaac writes that Abrahams is ‘of (John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stj^/AJj}, Vaste book', no-167, Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] Liverpool or Glasgow’). Isaac also sold Abrahams ‘ zy oil paintings’ for £zo.o.o. in ALBIN , Seraphina March 1830 and appears to have had a Seraphina Albin traded as a curiosity dealer at Via good relationship with Abrahams, even Costantinopoli in Naples in the 1860s. According recording that he gave him ‘a present’ of 10 to ‘M.A.W.D.’ writing in Once a Week, (March shillings in April 1843. 1865), Albin was ‘a most friendly and polite John Coleman Isaac archive, MS i j ^/AJj j , ‘waste book’, no.467, no.i9oA, Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] buxom Italian’, w’ho had a ‘real passion for old lace’. (M.A.W.D., ‘Old Lace’, Once a Week, March 4*, 1865, pp. 188-191.] A CTO N , William William Acton is listed as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at 1 1 ALD ER TO N , William Seymour Street, Brighton, Sussex in Kelly’s William Alderton is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at Directory, 1866. ‘M r Acton’ may be the same 3 George Terrace, Cornel Road, London, in dealer mentioned as a ‘bric-a-brac’ dealer Pigot’s Directory’, 183Z. trading at Hill Street, Richmond, Surrey by the writer Herbert Byng-Hall in 1875. Byng-Hall A LEXAN D ER , J. & Son mentions that Acton’s shop contained ‘a few J. Alexander & Son is listed as ‘antique china moderate figures in Dresden and Chelsea, some dealers’ at 49 Canal, Salisbury in Kelly’s old clocks, pictures etc.’ According to Byng- Directory, 18 75. Hall, ‘M r Acton’ was ‘a highly respectable ALMGILL, John dealer’ and his father was a well-known John Almgill is listed as ‘antique dealer’ at surgeon. 17 Market Street, York in Stevens Directory o f (Herbert Byng-Hall, The Bric-a-Brac Hunter, or Chapters on Chirtamania, (1868), (1875 edition), pp. 17 1-7 1.] York of 1885. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS 63

AMPICHEL (£426. 6s) at the auction of the contents of Alton Ampichel was a dealer trading in Vienna in the Towers in 18 5 7 ; various Old Master paintings, ‘a middle decades of the 19 * century. Baron set of three superb old Sevres vases’ (£1,600), ‘a Ferdinand Rothschild (18 39 -18 9 8 ) wrote that his noble oak sideboard, 11ft 9m, the back 8c frieze father, Anselm (18 0 3-18 74 ), bought a ‘small magnificently carved in figures, masks, shields, boxwood figure of a patrician lady, signed by and other devices’ (8ogns) at the contents of Albrecht Durer’, for ‘the small sum of a hundred Studley Castle, Warwickshire, the property of Sir florins - about eight pounds’, in Ampichel’s shop Francis Goodricke, sold by Christie’s in in the 1850s. December 18 6 3; a ‘Riesener table’ (i9gns) at the [Mictud Hill, ‘Bric-a-Brac, a Rothschild's memoir of collecting’, effects of the late Lord Lyndhurst, sold by A p o llo , July & August 1007, pp. jo -77, p. 58.) Christie’s in February 1864; ‘a pair of very large Old Sevres scaux’ (365gns), and ‘a large Oriental AN DREW S, Isaiah Cistern’ (205gns), at the ‘Bulteel Collection of Isaiah Andrews is listed as a ‘furniture dealer’ at Rare Old Porcelain’ sold by Christie’s in May 108 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)-, 1870 . 1845 and 1846. • Annoot was in partnership with an individual named Gale from 18 54 until a 862. Annoot 8c A N N IN G , Henry, Peter St Robert Gale are recorded as the buyers of a considerable Henry Anning is listed as ‘curiosity 8c shell dealer’ number of lots at the auction sale of the collection at 60 Cannon Street, Commercial Road East , of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) sold by Christie 8c London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839 and in the Manson in March 18 55 (at least 15 4 lots); same director)’, Peter Anning is listed as ‘curiosity including ‘a beautiful casket...composed of five 8c shell dealer’ at 28 High Street, Wapping. plaques of enamels, representing the Sybils’ (lot Robert Anning is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 15 6 5 , £252.0 .0 . illustrated in the auction 60 Cannon Street, Radcliffe, London, in Kelly’s catalogue); ‘a fluted Venetian glass on elegant Directory, 1846 and Peter Anning is listed as openwork stem, with two dolphins’ (lot 3 3 15 , ‘curiosity dealer’ at the same address in the Post £50.0.0. illustrated in the catalogue); ‘a beautiful Office Directory for 18 52. small oval-shaped table, old marqueterie, with Aeneas carrying Anchises from Troy on the top’ ANNOOT 8c GALE (lot 4 12 5 , £220.10.0.); ‘a magnificent glass, in Annoot 8c Gale are listed as trading from 16 7 carved and gilt frame, by Chippendale’ (lot 414 6 , New Bond Street, London, during the early £78.0.0.); and ‘a very fine shaped table, of old 1850s and into the 1860s. They are mainly parqueterie’ (lot 4206, £120.0.0.). known to have been furniture makers, with a At the auction of the collection of Henry Farrer manufactory at 38 1 Euston Road, and further (q.v.) sold at Christie’s in June 1866, Annoot premises at 1 Avery Row recorded in the Post bought a ‘pair of girandole mirrors, engraved Office Directory for 18 59 . Charles Bernard with figures, in richly carved frames’ (90gns). He Annoot (18 24 -18 8 9 ) was bom in Belgium and also purchased a pair of 18* century’ French became a Naturalised British citizen in 18 54 commodes at the auction sale of effects the dealer (certificate dated 19 * July 1854). In the 1850s, Alexander Barker (q.v.), (Christie’s, London, 6* Annoot sold paintings, old French furniture and and 8* June 18 74, lot 210 ; £ 273, 8c lot 2 1 1 ; other antique furniture to the collector Ralph £283); these lots were purchased on behalf of Bernal (1783-1854). Annoot also supplied Ferdinand Rothschild (18 3 9 -18 9 8 ) and the contemporary furniture to Bernal in the same commodes remain in the Rothschild collections at period. Annoor supplied pictures and objects to Waddesdon. 1* Lord Whamcliffe in the 1850s and supplied Annoot 8c Gale loaned several objects to the French furniture to Sir Edward Page Turner in Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 5 7 and 1868 and sold objects and furniture to the Duke exhibited furniture at the International Exhibition of Portland in the 1870s. in London in 1862. They loaned a ‘buhl cabinet in Annoot is recorded as a buyer at many of the the style of Louis XIV; bronze ormolu most significant auction sales in the middle candelabra’, some rabies and other ‘fancy decades of the 19 * century, including the furniture’ at the Dublin International Exhibition purchase of ‘giltwood chairs and sofas, said to in 186 5. The ‘Effects of Mr Charles Annoor, have been carved by Gringling [sic] Gibbons’ including Capital pictures, mostly by artists of the 64 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Si CURIOSITY DEALERS

period of Louis XIV, beautiful old French ARNOLD furniture, some fine old French pictures and glass Arnold is recorded as a ‘curiosity dealer’ trading frames, and a large number of richly carved at z6 The Linden, Berlin by the writer Herbert console tables, beautiful old Sevres, Dresden and Byng-Hall in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that in the oriental porcelain...’ were sold by Messrs Foster shop of ‘Herr Arnold, may sometimes be found on the premises at 16 Old Bond Street on 3rd & rare art treasures.’ • 4,h June 186 7, by order of the inspectors. [Herbert Byng-Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), Annoot is also recorded as having made a copy of p. 118.] a ‘Chippendale kneehole writing-table of the Nostell Priory type’, probably in the 1850s, which ARUNDEL, Arthur was sold at Christie’s in 18 70 for £68. 5s. Mrs Arthur Arundel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 50 Charles Annoot, 16 7 New Bond Street, gave birth Stonegate, York in Kelly’s Directory*, 1893. to a daughter on i 5 dl October 18 5 7 and a son, on 9th February 1861. Charles Annoot & Co is listed A SH TO N , Robert as trading at 16 Old Bond Street in Kelly's Robert Ashton is listed as ‘antique furniture Directory, 18 8 0 -18 8 3. Charles Bernard Annoot, dealer’ at 11 Upper Baker Street, London, in of 16 Old Bond Street, died in Paris aged 65 on Kelly’s Directory*, i88z. Z9rfl November 1889. The firm of Annoot & Gale was continued by Mr R Robson, at Berkeley ASKEW, Charles Galleries, Bruton Street from C1900. Extracts from Charles Askew was trading as a curiosity dealer the sales ledgers of the firm of Annoot were from at least i 8zi and is listed as a ‘curiosity* reproduced in the Connoisseur in 1903. [Whamcliffe archive, W h M /4 18 , Sheffield City Archives; Portland dealer’ at 165 New Bond Street, London, in i8 z z archive, p w k K /4711-43/3, Nottingham University Archives; and i8z6. Askew is recorded as buyer of Catalogue o f the Art Treasures o f the United Kingdom collected at paintings at several London auctions during the Manchester in 1857 (1857), p. 17 J; George Redford, A rt Sales, period 18Z7-1835, mainly at values of a few (1888) (2 vols.), passim; W. Roberts, ‘Collecting as an Investment*, Connoisseur, volume III, no.23, September 1903, pp. 44-jo; pounds, although he is recorded as the buyer of a Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, volume II, (1963), p. Cornelius Janssen portrait of the Duke of 133-I 34» P- i j i ; Geoffrey de Bcllaigue, Catalogue of the Buckingham (iogns) at Sotheby’s in December Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon, Furniture, Clocks and Gilt 1835. Askew is listed at 43Z Oxford Street in Bronzes, (1 vols), (1974), vol.t.p. n ,p . 212; Martin Levy,‘Ralph Bernal and John Coleman Isaac: some correspondence’, Furniture 183Z and as ‘bird warehouse’ at the same address H istory, vol.XLIII, 2007, pp. 293-301.] in Tallis’ London Street Views, 1838/1840. In a report in the Morning Chronicle July zy* 1833, ARCHBUTT, Robert Charles Askew described himself as ‘auctioneer Robert Archbutt is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at and appraiser’, living at 16 Stafford Row, Pimlico. 85 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, The dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold Askew 18 5 1. curiosities in April and May i8zi including ‘Grand Dresden china groups of Heathen ARG EN T, James subjects’ and ‘Z4 enamels on copper’ for £38. James Argent is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at Davies also took ‘four pieces of stained glass, 33 Bishopsgate Street Without in John Tallis’s value £8’ in exchange for ‘3 China ornaments’ London Street Views, 1838/1840. Argent is listed and an agate box and some enamels in May i 8zi. as ‘naturalist’ at 3Z Bishopsgate Street Without in Askew was convicted of theft on 1 1 * September the Post Office Directory for 1841 and as i8 z z and confined for 6 months. At the time of ‘naturalist’ at the same address in Kelly’s the court hearing at the Old Bailey Askew was Directory, 185Z. living at St James’s Street and stated his age as Z7. He was accused of stealing twelve silver spoons ARNELL, Mrs Matilda and twelve silver forks, the property* of Robert Mrs Arnell is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 James and Sebastian Garrard. Askew appears to Lisson Grove, London, in Kelly’s Directory, i860. have ‘borrowed’ the silver, but later pawned them, The census returns for 18 6 1 list Matilda Amell as having ‘several bills falling due’. ‘curiosity and tobacconist shop’, a widow aged [John Coleman Isaac archive, ‘waste booV\ M SijffA Jjj, no-467, 34, bom in Marylebone, together with her son Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Getty Provenance Charles aged 16. Index Databases; www.piweb.gerty.edu www.oldbaileyonline.org.| DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 65

ATTEN BO R O U G H , Richard Richard Attenborough is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 3 6 Piccadilly, London, in Kelly’s Director)', i860 and 1 8 7 0 . Attenborough exhibited some ‘ 16* century work’ at the Special Loan Exhibition of Medieval Art in London in 1 8 6 2 . Attenborough is mentioned by Ferdinand Rothschild (1839-1898), who writes that in c i 8 6 0 his father, Anselm, declined to purchase ‘two large paintings by Boucher’ which the dealer Attenborough had for sale at £ 2 5 0 0 ; Attenborough eventually sold them for £ 1 5 0 0 in 1 8 6 4 to the collector D .C. Marjoribanks (1820-1894). Attenborough is recorded as the buyer of at least 3 7 lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (1783-1854) in March 1 8 5 5 , including an old Dresden china scent bottle in the ‘figure of a monkey, with two young ones, on an or-moulu plinth’ (lot 314, £10.10.0.), and a set of ‘nine Sevres plates’, (lot 456, £20.0.0). [Michael Hall, ‘Bric-a-Brac, a Rothschild's memoir of collecting’, A p o llo , July & August 1007, pp. jo -77, p. 58.]

A TTEN BO RO U G H , George George Attenborough is listed as ‘dealer in works of art’ at 7 1 and 72 Strand and at 1 5 - 1 7 Adam Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. ‘G. Attenborough’ is recorded as the buyer of at least 8 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882, including a painting of ‘the Misers, by Qintin Matsys’ (lot 33, £110 .5.0.); ‘a Louis XVI Secretaire, stamped p. H. Pasquier’ (lot 300, £430.10.0.), and ‘a Henri II ware hexagonal salt-cellar’ (lot 960, £840.0.0.). 66 P BAKER, George French goods’. Baldock was appointed by the George Baker is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Lord Steward’s Department as ‘Purveyor of 3 Bruton Street, New Bond Street, London, China, Earthenware and Glass’ to William IV in Kelly’s Directory, i860. The census returns from 18 3 2 to 18 3 7 and continued the in the for 18 6 1 record 3 Bruton Street occupied by appointment as ‘Purveyor of China’ to Queen George Baker ‘curiosity dealer’ aged 43 bom at Victoria from 18 38 to 18 45; *be appointment Boston, Lincolnshire, together with his wife Lydia appears to have been continued until 1850 , aged 50. perhaps by Baldock’s son, after his fathers death in 18 45. BALDOCK, Edward Holmes Baldock was one of the most well known and high Edward Holmes Baldock (1777-1845) was profile dealers of the nineteenth-century and acted initially a dealer in china and glass trading from as bidding agent at auction for several important 1805 at 7 Hanway Street, London, and first individuals, including George IV (buying £800 appears in the London trade directories in 1806 worth of goods for the King at Lord Gwydir’s as ‘Ornamental China Dealer’, at 7 Hanway auction sale in M ay 1829). He also sold several Street. By 1808 he also had a shop at 7 1 St James objects to George IV for Windsor Castle, Street as well as Hanway Street. In 18 14 Baldock including a cabinet and chest of drawers for is listed at 7 Hanway Street in partnership with £825.0.0. in May 18 27, four Sevres trays for William Holl (q.v.) as ‘Ornamental China £100.0.0 and a Boulle cabinet on stand for Dealers’. Baldock appears to have been in £350.0.0. in May 1828 and a set of four ebony partnership with Holl until 18 16 when Holl sofas and two chairs for £125.0 .0 . in December opened a separate shop at 13 Hanway Street as 1828. Baldock appears to have purchased the ‘Antique Furniture Dealer’ (the first recorded ebony chairs at the auction sale at Wansread in instance of the term antique furniture dealer in 18 22. ‘ Baldock, Hanway-street’ is recorded as the trade directories). In 18 19 and 1820 Baldock buying at least 36 lots at the auction sale of the is listed on his own as ‘Chinaman’ at Hanway contents of Strawberry’ Hill in 1842, including *a Street and also at 5 & 6 Hanway Street as miniature of Catherine, Duchess of Buckingham’ ‘Porcelain Warehouse’. The next year he is back at (lot 59, i i A day, £8.8.0.); ‘a matchless Royal 7 Hanway Street again as ‘Chinaman’ (these Sevres China Bowl’ (lot 47, i9 A day, £ 13.13.0 .); ‘a listings in separate directories). Baldock is listed very fine cast for the back of a grate with the as ‘Antique Furniture and Ornamental China figure of General Fairfax, 16 49’ (lot 6, 23''' day, Dealer’ in 18 2 2 , trading from 7 Hanway Street £8.8.0.) and ‘a pair of splendid and singularly and also in 1829 at the same address. By 18 26 he unique Old Royal Sevres China, Grecian shaped describes himself as an ‘antique furniture Urns’ (lot 10 3, 23"* day, £168.0.0.). warehouse’ and is also selling Sevres and Dresden Baldock is also recorded as supplying furniture china. In Pigot’s Directory of 18 26 he is listed as and objects to the 5* Duke of Bucdeuch in the ‘furniture broker’ and as ‘antique furniture and 1830s and 1840s, including supplying the Duke ornamental china dealer’ in 18 2 7. In 1829, he is with over 100 pieces of Sevres porcelain from listed at 1 Hanway Street as a ‘foreign china Louis X V ’s own dining set, ordered in 17 5 1 for warehouse’. In 18 3 2 and 18 33 Baldock is listed as Versailles - still in the collections at Boughton ‘Foreign China and Antique Furniture House, Northamptonshire. Baldock appears in Warehouse, 1 Hanway Street’. Baldock is listed as the accounts of Sir Walter Scott, Baron ‘antique furniture dealer’ at no.i & no.2 Hanway Hatherton, the Duke of Northumberland, the Yard in Pigot’s Directory, 18 4 2 - Hanway Yard Earl of Harewood, George Hay Dawkins-Pennant had been widened in 1 8 1 1 to form Hanway at Penrhyn Castle, the Duke of Atholl, the Duke Street, partly at the expense of Baldock. of Sutherland, George Byng, George Luc>’ at In a court case at the Old Bailey on 1 “ December Charlecote Park and Lord Lowther (he also acted 18 3 3 , Baldock was a witness in a case of the theft as removal firm for Lord Lowther in 18 3 7 , of a clock which he had inadvertently purchased moving his lordship from Cleveland Row to 15 from a thief. In the proceedings Baldock described Carlton Terrace). In his diary’ entry for 20* April himself as living in Hanway Yard and a ‘dealer in 18 3 1 Lord Ellenborough recorded ‘I went to DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 67

Baldock’s about old furniture...’ Baldock also Selkirk, the Duke of Norfolk’s collections at supplied ‘the Fonthill Ewer’ to the collector Carlton Towers, Yorkshire, and in Leeds City’ Art William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) for £285.0.0. in collections at Lotherton Hall. 18 19 and is thought to have supplied Beckford Edward Holmes Baldock was born on 14''’ May with a number of pieces of furniture including, a 17 7 7 and married Mary’ Goringe (d.1861) of pair of ebony cabinets (C1815, incorporating Buxted, Sussex on 19'*’ November 1 8 1 1 . He earlier elements) now at Charlecote Park, retired from dealing in 18 4 3 when he was Warwickshire (CH A.F74, A & B) which were recorded as living at 5 Hyde Park Place, sold at the auction sale of the contents of Fonthill Cumberland Gate, London, which he had rented in 1823 (lots 114 4 & 114 5 , £147.0.0); bought by from Lord Lucan for £ 2 75 per annum. His Last George Lucy. Baldock is also known to have Will and Testament was proved i 3 rt’ January’ 1846 supplied a remodelled antique French Boulle (Probi 1/2029) and he died on 1st December cabinet, attributed to Alexandre-Jean Oppenordt, 1845. Baldock registered a coat of arms with the dating from n 695, to the 12 * Earl of Pembroke, Royal College of Heralds after his retirement in which was later acquired by Lord Hertford at the 18 4 3, with a motto Frangas non Flectes (You may auction sale of Pembroke’s effects; the cabinet break me, but you shall not bend me). There was remains at the Wallace Collection in London an auction sale of his stock including, ‘Florentine (F405). cabinets, ancient carvings and Sevres etc’ sold by Baldock’s name also appears as a buyer and seller Messrs Foster & Son in May and July 1843. of pictures at various auction houses during the Baldock’s shop was taken over by Samuel period 1 8 1 6 -1 8 3 5 , including recorded as buyer of Litchfield (q.v.), the father of Frederick Litchfeld a painting ‘portrait by Holbein’ (£12.12.0 .) from (q.v.) author of Illustrated History o f Furniture the collection of William Beckford (176 0 -1844) (1892). Samuel Litchfield had earlier been a buyer sold at Christie’s in 18 17 . The dealers Gabriel and for Baldock. In his description of London in 1864 Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold to Baldock from at ‘Aleph’ decribed ‘Baldock’s old china shop’ as ‘a least 1820, when they sold him some Dresden sort of museum for Chinese horses and dragons, china, silver and ‘a large Buhl clock and bracket’ queer-looking green vases, and doll-sized for £42.0.0. The dealer John Coleman Isaac {q.v.) teacups...’. Writing in 1903, the writer Byron continued this relationship selling to him in 18 34, Webber suggested that Baldock was ‘the greatest 18 35 and 18 4 1. dealer of the [last] century, and was known in Like most dealers in the first half of the every capital of Europe.’ nineteenth-century, Baldock travelled to the Baldock’s son, Edward Baldock jnr (18 12 -18 7 5 ), Continent to purchase antiques and curiosities is listed as a contributor to the Gore House and his name is recorded amongst the Bills of exhibition in 18 5 3 , where he exhibited an ebony Entry at the Customs House during 18 18 . A letter chair inlaid with ivory (no.134 ) and the in the Isaac archive dated November 4,h 1840, Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 57 . In records the collector Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) August 1852 Edward Holmes Baldock Jnr enquiring if ‘M r Baldock is returned?' It is married Mary Frances (18 14 -18 4 2 ), the daughter recorded that Baldock purchased porcelain and of Sir Andrew Corbet, and became MP for other objects from a number of curiosity dealers Shrewsbury 18 4 7 -5 7 . Baldock Jnr died on 1 5th in Paris in the 1830s, including Escudier (q.v.), August 18 75 and had very considerable real estate Roussel (q.v.) and Beurdeley (q.v.). property’ in London by the time of his death. E.H. Baldock is also known to have supplied According to John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 - contemporary’ furniture and objects and to have 19 13 ) of the South Kensington Museum, (writing stamped his initials ‘EH B’ on some of the in 18 9 1) and Frederick Litchfield (q.v.) (writing in furniture he supplied and also on some French 19 17 ) E. H. Baldock Snr is known to have i8 't' century furniture he supplied (and sometimes employed a porcelain decorator in the 1820s and modified) to collectors; several examples have 1830s to embellish plain examples of old Sevres appeared at auction, for example, a Louis X V with more ambitious designs. This was known commode by Leclere C1770, in the Champalimaud amongst collectors during the first quarter of the Collection at Christie’s on 6th July 2005, lot 26. twentieth-century as ‘Baldock Sevres’. Robinson Stamped examples of furniture also remain in the writes that ‘B - ‘s chief speciality’ was old Sevres Duke of Buccleuch’s collections at Drumlanrig, at china...[and] and immense piece of good luck Boughton, Northamptonshire and at Bowhill, befell him at the outset of his career in this field. 68 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Shortly after the restoration of the Monarchy in Street’ made one purchase at the auction sale of France he contrived, through an agent in Paris, to the contents of Strawberry Hill in 1842; ‘a pair of effect the purchase of the entire stock of old white sugar tongs, carved from the wood of Sevres ware then remaining in the ware-rooms of Shakespeare’s mulberry tree, a curious old shoe the State manufactory itself, probably some and 2 gloves’ (lot 1 1 , 23^ day, £3.13.6 .). thousands of pieces....B-‘s acquisitions were real (H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842).] and genuine old pate tendre china...but fully prepared to receive the splendid coloured BARDINI, Stcfano grounds, painted decoration, and rich gilding...To Srefano Bardini (18 3 6 -19 2 2 ) was a dealer and super add this decoration was the task he set collector based in Italy. He originally trained as an himself to carry out in London’. Robinson also artist, commencing studies in 18 54 at the suggested that Baldock engaged ‘one Randall, a Accademia di Belle Arte in Florence and along Staffordshire pottery-painter’ to decorate the with Giuseppe Bezzuoli (17 8 4 -18 5 5 ) was a plain ware. The suggestion that Baldock used prominent member of the Romanticismo Storico Thomas Martin Randall (b.1786) as decorator art movement in Italy. It is also recorded that also appears to have been made by John Randall, Bardini fought alongside Giuseppe Garibaldi writing in 1880. (18 0 7-18 8 2) in Italy in 1866. He worked for a (John Coleman Isaac archive, M Siyy/AJf), ‘waste book’, no.467, period as an an restorer and left a unique no.161, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Windsor photographic archive of over 7,000 photographs Royal Archives, George IV p a p e rs; Beckford archive, MS of the more than 13,000 objects which he had B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bucdeuch archive, G B 2 J4 , sold. Bardini appears to have begun trading as a Edinburgh; Lowther archive, Kafir 1, Cumbria Record Office; 1* Baron Hatherton archive, Staffordshire Record Office; Wallace dealer in <1870 and sold Medieval and Collection archive, London; H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, Renaissance objects and paintings to many of the (1841); Catalogue of the Art Treasures of the United Kingdom world’s most significant museums including, the collected a t M anchester in 1857 (1857), p. 175; ‘Aleph’, T h e O ld British Museum, the Louvre, the National Gallery City, and its Highways and Byways, (1864), p. 39; Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. of A n in Washington and the Metropolitan 232; John Randall, History of Madeley, (1880), pp. 206-209; Museum in New York. The South Kensington John Charles Robinson, ‘On Spurious Works of Art’, T h e Museum made several purchases from Bardini in Nineteenth Century, no. dxxxviii, November 1891, pp. 677-698, the 1 880s, including a pair of carved wooden pp. 684-85; Byron Webber, James Orrock, R.I., Painter, brackets, a small tapestry (V8cA 846 -1884), a Connoisseur, Collector, (1 vols.), (1903), vol.2, p. 19 1; Frederick Litchfield, ‘Imitations and Reproductions: Tart 1 - Sevres gilded cassone, a painted wooden frieze, a papier Porcelain’, Connoisseur, voLXLIX, September 1917, pp. 3-4; A. mache bust and a marble cistern (V & A Aspinall (ed), Three Early Nineteenth Century Diaries, (1952), p. 849-1884). The museum continued to purchase 82; Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, volume II, (1963), objects from Bardini up to 1 9 1 1 . p. 87; Geoffrey de Bellaigue, ‘ Edward Holmes Baldock*, pans I & II, Connoisseur, August, 1975, pp. 190-9, (C September, 1975, pp. Bardini was trading officially from at least 18 74 18-25; Geoffrey Beard &: Christopher Gilbert (eds) Dictionary o f and by 1892, he is listed at 1 Piazza Mozzi, no. 12 English Furniture makers 1660-1840, (1986); Clive Wainwright, Piazza Pitti, Florence and he also had several The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home 1730-1850, shops in the via Maggio, in Florence. In 18 8 1, (1989), p p . 4 1-3 & passim; Christopher Gilbert, Picto ria l Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, (1996); Bardini bought the medieval church and Amin Jaffer, Furniture from British India and Ceylon, (2001), p. monaster)’ of San Gregorio della Pace near the 130; Bet Madeod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Pitti Palace in Florence and converted it into a Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for gallery. By 1902 he had also purchased the Torre the magnificent, (2001), p. 166, p. 361; Adriana Turpin, ‘Filling the Void: The Development of Bcckford’s Taste and the Market in del Gallo at Pian de Giullari, overlooking Furniture’, in Derek Ostergard (ed.), Ib id , pp. 17 7 -10 1; Getty Florence, and he restored the building between Provenance Index Databases,; www.oldbaileyonline.org.! 1904 and 1906. Bardini listed among his clients some of the most important collectors of the late BALL, "William nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries, William Ball is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ in including the America collectors Isabella Stewart Liverpool, in Pigot’s Directory, 18 28 -29 . Gardner (he appears to have introduced to Gardner by the art dealer Bernard Berenson), J. BAN TIN G , William Pierpont Morgan and William K. Vanderbilt; he William Banting is listed as ‘upholsterer and often sold objects to American collectors through cabinet maker’ at 27 St. James’s Street, London, in the America architect Stanford White Pigot’s Directory, 1839 . ‘Banting, St. James’s (18 53-19 0 6 ). Bardini also sold objects to many DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 6 9

British and European collectors and dealers, 1922; DemetrioTolosani, ‘II Museo Bardini’, L ’A n tiq u a rio ,\’o \.X , September-October 1923, pp. 116 - 117 ; Demetrio Tolosani, il including George Donaldson and the dealer Museo Bardini’, L’Antiquario, Vol.XI, November 1924, p. 218; Joseph Duveen (q.v.) in England and the Cristian Acidini Luchinat & Mario Scalini, II tesori dell Rothschilds and Albert Figdor in Vienna. antiquario: Galleria Mozzi Bardini, (1998); Ellen Callmann Bardini staged a selling exhibition at the New ‘William Blundell Spence and the Transformation of renaissance Cassoni’, The Burlington Magazine, June r999, pp. 338-348, p. Gallery at 121 Regent Street, between October 348; Mario Scalini, Riflessi di una Galleria, Dipinti dell'Eredita and 3rd December 1898, where he displayed part B ardin i, (2001); Clive Wainwright, (edited for publication by of his ‘collection’ of Italian Renaissance paintings, Charlotte Gere), ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum

Maiolica, Textiles, Armour, Bronzes etc., IV, relationships with the trade: Webb and Bardini’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.14, no.i, 2002, pp. 63-78; Wayne alongside an exhibition of French Modern Craven, Stanford White, decorator in opulence and dealer in paintings (admission cost is). antiquities, (2005), passim; Mario Scalini, Ospiti Inatessi, Opere The South Kensington Museum acquired some indedite e poco note della raccolta Statale Bardini, (2007).]

objects from Bardini in 1892 and put them on

display as ‘from the Bardini Collection’. This BARKER, Alexander

elicited letter by someone signing themselves Alexander Barker (si79 7-18 73) was, according to ‘ V i a t o r ’ , (The Times, 3rd October 1892) writing; the collector Ferdinand Rothschild (1839-1898), ‘Hitherto it has not been usual to dub objects, originally a bootmaker and later traded as a

occasionally purchased from the dealer as from dealer and a decorator. By 1861 he was

his, Signor or M r So-and-So’s, “collection” ; they established as a dealer at 10 3 Piccadilly, London;

are part of his stock in trade’. ‘Viator’ continued although he does not appear to be listed in the

the letter, questioning the authenticity of the Trade Directories, appearing in the Court pages

objects on display. The dealer Frederick Litchfield only. Writing in 1897 Rothschild described (q.v.) responded in a letter to The Times, ( i o 'h Barker as ‘a very rem arkable character, not unlike October, 1892), suggesting the objects were M . Spitzer (q.v.) in some respects but very

genuine. Litchfield continued ‘with regard to superior to him in others...he laid the foundations “Viator’s” objection to the term “collection” of his fortune and position by procuring Italian

being applied to any portion of a dealer’s stock-in- pictures and furniture for the Duke of

trade, I am inform ed that these articles, purchased Northum berland and the late Lord Dudley...... [h e

from Bardini of Florence, formed a separate had] a most uncouth appearance, slovenly and

collection of articles for which the “ Departm ent” untidily dressed in loose clothes.’ Rothschild also

has been in treaty for some tim e.’ rehearses the common trope of the dealer as

Part of the Bardini collection (0500 lots) w as sold dishonest writing that, ‘as a rule [Barker]

at auction by Christie’s in London on 5th - 8,h June tampered with his goods, playing tricks with and

1899. The sale realised a total of £38,259.7.0. ‘improving’ them, often too [sic] their serious The Times reported that ‘probably no previous detriment’. Barker also worked as a decorator for sale of a similar character has approached Baron Meyer Rothschild (1818-1874) at

anything like this result.’ Other auctions sales of Mentmore, designed by Sir Joseph Paxton

Bardini’s collections took place at Christie’s in (1803-1865) from 01852 and sold the Baron

London on M ay 26,l’-3o,h 1902 and in N ew York works of art for Mentmore, as well as pictures

in 1 9 1 8 . from the Manfrini collection from Venice. In

By 19 18 , with increasing difficulties arising over 1861, Ferdinand Rothschild recorded that he

the export of works of art in Italy, Bardini bought a turquoise Sevres vase vaisseatt d a t in g concentrated on establishing his own collection. from 01761 from Barker; his first major

On his death in Florence in 1922, Bardini independent purchase.

bequeathed San Gregorio della Pace and his Barker is recorded as the purchaser of at least 18

remaining stock and his own house, the Palazzo lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Mozzi (built 1880-1883) to his son Ugo and on Bernal (1783-1854) in March 1855 including,

the latter’s death in 19 6 5, the collection passed to Sevres and Dresden porcelain and ancient armour

the city of Florence to create the Bardini M useum . and a ‘portrait of Lucy Harrington, Countess of [V&cA archive, Bardini Nominal File; H. Townsend, D e L u x e Bedford, by Gheeraedts’ (lot 855, £43.15); illustrated catalogue of the beautiful treasures and antiquities ‘Faenza Ware’, including ‘a pair of Faenza illustrating the golden age o f Italian art belonging to the famous candlesticks...presumed date about 1550 ’, (lot expert and antiquarian sig. Stefano Bardini, (1918); Ugo Ojetti, ‘Stefano Bardini e il suo museo’, II Corriere della Sera, 5* October, i960, £39.0.0.), a ‘Splendid Vase...presumed date 70 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

about 1 5 5 0 ’, (lot 2 10 3 , £220.0.0.) and ‘a BARNARD, Maurice Beautiful Vase...presumed date about 1 5 3 5 ’, (lot Maurice Barnard is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ 2104, £200.0.0.). at 85 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Barker sold three paintings to the National Directory, 1844. Gallery in 18 6 1; ‘St. John the Baptist by Fra Lippi’(‘Seven Saints’ by Fra Lippi, 14 5 0 -5 3 , B AR N ETT, Bennett N G667), ‘Beato Ferretti by C. Crivelli’ and ‘St. Bennett Barnett ( a 8 n - i 8 8 o ) was listed as Sebastian and others by L’Ortolano’ all for the ‘picture liner’ trading at 9 Marylebone Street, collective of £2,500. The National Gallery also London, in the Post Office Directories for acquired 1 1 further paintings from the Barker 18 38 -4 3 and at 84a Quadrant in 1844 as ‘picture collection at the auction sale of Barker’s cleaner and liner, dealer in modem and ancient collections after his death at Christie’s in 18 74 , pictures and restorer of old paintings.’ In 1845 including ‘Mars and Venus by Botticelli’ (£1050) Barnett suggested that he had succeeded to the (‘Venus and Mars’, by Botticelli 14 8 5, N G 916), business of the dealer Thomas Gwenapp Jnr (q.v:) and ‘Venus with Amorini in landscape’ at 21 Titchborne Street. Barnett is listed as (£ 1627.10s), (‘An Allegory’, follower of Botticelli ‘picture and curiosity dealer’ at ia Burlington C1490-1550, NG916). Gardens, Old Bond Street in 1859 . Barnett is at Barker loaned several objects to the Special Loan Kepple Street, Russell Square by 18 6 1 and in Exhibition of Works of Art at the Souht April 1864 he was listed as a bankrupt. Barnett Kensington Musuem in 1862. At the National may be related to the picture dealer called Barnett, Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in 1868 trading from 51 Mortimer Street and mentioned Barker also loaned objects, including two ‘gilt by the Scottish picture dealer William Buchanan metal Augsburg clocks, I6'1' century’, two pieces (q.v.) in 1804. of ‘ Old Sevres China’ and 66 pieces of Italian |Hugh Brigstocke, William Buchanan and the 19* century art trade, (1982), p. 251, p. 306; Jacob Simon, Directory o f British maiolica - (Barker was, according to the writer Picture Restorers 1630-1950, \vww.nationalportraitg3llery.org.uk] Gerald Reitlinger, ‘the most opulent collector of maiolica of his day’ ). Barker died on 24,h October B AR N ETT, Bernard 18 73 and his estate (‘valued at not more than Bernard Barnett was in partnership with Joseph £160,000’) included his house in Piccadilly and a Duveen (q.v.) trading in Hull as ‘importers of country house at Hatfield. In Barker’s will (dated antiquities’ at 49 Waterworks, Hull in 1868, April 18 73) he left £39,000 to charities and a (Joseph Duveen married Barnett’s daughter set of furniture and Genoa velvet hangings to the Rosetta in 1869). The partnership between South Kensington Museum. The remaining Duveen and Bernard Barnett was dissolved in collections of Alexander Barker were sold at 1876 . In her diaries in 18 73 whilst in Utrecht, the auction by Christie’s on 6* 8c S'11 June 18 74. The china collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber writer George Redford reproduced a report of the (18 12 -18 9 5 ) commented ‘we find everywhere Barker auction (Daily Netvs, June 5A 1874), that Bernard [Barnett] and Duveen of Hull have which described Barker as ‘about one the keenest been before us making wonderful purchases’. judges of good things in the shape of pictures and [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, every other form of art...such was his instinctive (19 11), vol.i; Gerald Rcitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, Volume knowledge in his favourite pursuit that he was II, (1963), p. 208.] more successful than any of the professional dealers in acquiring fine pictures by rare masters.’ BARON, Mrs Jane Redford suggested that Barker’s father was ‘a first- Mrs Jane Baron is listed as ‘clothes, curiosity 8c rate bootmaker in the West End’. old china dealer’ at 13 Sheffield Road, Barnsley, [John Charles Robinson, Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition of in White’s Directory, 1879. Works o f Art...on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (1861); Catalogue o f the National Exhibition o f Works o f Art at Leeds, BARROW, Frederick (1868), p. 122-224, P- 1 5°> P- 168; George Redford, A rt Sales, (1B88), (1 vols.), vol.l, p. 194, p, 3J2, p. 353; Gerald Reitlinger, Frederick Barrow is listed as ‘furniture 8c antique The Economics o f Taste, Volume II, (1963), p. 104, p. 162, p. 253; rooms 8c curiosity dealer’ at 6 Park Street, Bristol, Geoffrey.de Bellaigue, Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection at in the Post Office Directory for 1856 . Waddesdon Manor, Furniture, Clocks and Gilt Bronzes (1 vols), (1974), vol 1, p. 10, p. H i; Michael Hall, ‘Bric-a-Brac, a Rothschild's memoir of collecting’, A p o llo , July Sc August 2007, BARTHELEMY PP- jo - 77, PP- 60-61.] Barthelemy is recorded as a dealer in curiosities in DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 71

the Place Musee, Brussels in the 1820s to 1840s. BAYAN, Joseph Barthelemy is recorded as a buyer of pictures at Joseph Bayan is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 41 auctions in Belgium during the period Duke Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. 18 3 5 -18 3 8 ; he is recorded as the buyer of a ‘portrait of Vanderbacen’ [sic] (26 francs) at the BEARCKLEY, Ellis saleroom of Elst in Mechelen, Belgium in 1838. Ellis Bearckley was a ‘curiosity dealer’ listed at 14 Barthelemy is also recorded as the dealer who Newington Causeway, London, in the Post Office sold the Lothair Crystal (See Plate 54) to the Directory for 18 32. dealer Samuel Pratt (q.v.), who then sold it on to the collector Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ). The BEGOT crystal was eventually acquired by the dealer John Begot was a curiosity dealer in Fiirth, Germany, Webb (q.v.) for the British Museum at the auction he sold objects to the dealer Gabriel Davies (q.v.) sale of the collections of Ralph Bernal in 18 55. in the 1820s. There is also a Barthelemy recorded at 2 Rue de [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sij9fAJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, Seine, Paris, in 18 18 . Hartley Library University of Southampton] [Clive Wainwrighr, The Romantic Interior, the British collector at h om e 1730-1830, (1989), pp. 52-3; Getty Provenance Index BELFORT, Joseph Databases, \vw\v.piweb.getty.edu. 1 Joseph Belfort is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 10 Duncan Place, Hackney, London, in Pigot’s B AR TIN G TO N , Samuel Bamfield Directory, 1832. Samuel Bartington (1783-1845) initially traded as a ‘broker in household goods’ at 23 8c 24 BENDORFFER Beckford Row, Walworth, London, from a 816. Bendorffer were curiosity dealers with a shop in He is listed as ‘picture dealer 8c carver 8c gilder’ Munich, but by 1844 the dealer John Coleman at 96 Wardour Street, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. [Jacob Simon, Directory of British picture-frame makers 1730- Isaac (q.v.) mentions that they had given up 19 5 0 , www.nationalportraitgallery.org] trading; writing on i3 'h April 1844, ‘I believe the Bendorffers in Munich has given the Curiosity BASSETT, George Shop up’. George Bassett is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 68 [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJyj, no.61, Hartley Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London, in Library, University of Southampton.] Kelly’s Directory, 1882. BENGUIAT, Vitall BAUR (or Bauer) Vitall Benguiat (18 6 5 -19 37 ) was a member of a Baur was a curiosity dealer trading in Paris from family of five brothers, (Ephriam, Benjamin, the 1860s. John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) Leopold and David), who traded predominantly of the South Kensington Museum made purchases in ancient textiles and Oriental carpets from Paris on behalf of the museum from Baur in 1864, and London in the late i9 'h century. The family including a 1 5 th century Spanish altarpiece (V8cA had also opened a branch in New York by the 12 17 -18 6 4 ) and a 1 2 th century gilt-bronze figure opening decade of the 2o'h century. Vitall and (V8cA 630-1864). Bauer may be the same dealer Leopold retired from trading in 19 19 when there who was known to the French art dealer Rene was an auction sale in New York of the ‘Entire Gimpel. Gimpel and recorded a conversation Stock of Rare and Beautiful Antique Textiles and between Bauer and the art dealer Bernard Embroderies’ from their Paris and New York Berenson (18 6 5-19 59 ); ‘Once, in the days when branches. The private collection of ‘Rare Old he [Berenson] wasn’t so powerful, he said to Rugs’ of V 8c L Benguiat was sold at auction in Bauer, the antique dealer: “ A man as scholarly as New York on 4,h and 5th December 19 25 and yourself shouldn’t be a dealer, it’s horrible to be a another auction sale of ‘Magnificent Fabrics’ the dealer.” To which Bauer replied: “ Between you property of ‘V 8c L Benguiat, of Paris and and me there’s no great difference; I’m an Florence’ was sold in New York in 1929. intellectual dealer and you’re a dealing [Wayne Craven, Stanford White, decorator in opulence and dealer intellectual.” Berenson never forgave him for that.’ in antiquities, (2005), pp. 42-43.] [Clive Wainwright (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad’, BEN JAM IN , Benjamin Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, 2002, pp. 45-61, p. 56; Rene Gimpel: diary of an art dealer, translated by Benjamin Benjamin is recorded as trading at Duke John Rosenberg, (1986), p. 248.] Street, London, in the late 1840s and is listed as 72 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

‘curiosity dealer’ at 7 Marylebone Street, Golden at least 1809 and that he sold the Nessus and Square in i860. The census returns for 18 6 1 list 7 Dejanira bronze for £20 to William Beckford Marylebone Street occupied by Benjamin as (176 0 -18 44) in 18 14 , but appears unlikely to be ‘curiosity dealer’, aged 52, born in England, with either of the dealers here. his wife Hannah aged 51 and born in America, J.E.C . Bentley is recorded as ‘dealer in china, glass together with their six children. 8c curiosities’ at 19 2 Regent Street in the records Benjamin is recorded as the buyer of at least 2 lots of the Sun Fire Office by 18 23. John Edward at the auctions sale of the contents of Stowe in Collingwood Bentley, ‘curiosity dealer’, Wigmore 1848 and is also listed as a buyer of at least 45 Street, is listed in the Bankruptcy Court hearings lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph for 2z"d October, i9 ,h November and 20* Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a December 18 3 3 . John Bentley is listed as ‘antique portrait of a Gentleman, in a white slashed furniture dealer’ at 3 Great Newport Street in doublet, by Myttens’ (lot 950, £5.0.0.); ‘a gilt Pigot’s London Directory, 18 36 and John Bentley sacramental cup, of Gothic work...date probably is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 16 Bedford Place, about 14 50 ’ (lot 1 3 3 1 , £6.2.6); ‘a superb cup and Covent Garden in the 18 4 1 Post Office Directory cover, on stem, with a frieze of figures of Minerva, and as a ‘picture and curiosity dealer* at the same Peace, and Silenus’ (lot 1696, £200.0.0); a address in 1846 and 1849. Dresden porcelain ‘box of swept octagon shape, Bentley’s name appears consistently as both buyer with original gold mounting’ (lot 3668, and seller of pictures at various auction rooms in £13.10 .0 .), and ‘a pair of ancient circular salt London during the period 18 2 4 -18 4 0 - (this is cellars, on stems and ball feet’ (lot 40 55, £6.6.8.). more likely to be John Bentley the picture dealer, although J.E .C Bentley also traded in pictures). B EN JAM IN , Eugene Bentley’s name appears with particular frequency Eugene Benjamin is listed as ‘dealer in works of during the 1830s; he sold a ‘ landscape’ by art’ at 169 New Bond Street, London, in Kelly’s ‘Loutherberg’ (£4.0.0.) at Foster’s saleroom in Directory, 1882. Christie’s sold the stock of the 18 3 1 and purchased a painting ‘Virgin and Child’ ‘well-known dealer, M r Eugene Benjamin’ in described as ‘after Correggio’ (£15.0.0.) at the London in November 1898, which included Louis same saleroom in 1836. XIV furniture, a ‘life-size bust of William Pitt by On 4,h October 1826, the dealer John Coleman J.Nollekens’ (i25gns) and ‘an old Scotch quaigh’ Isaac (q.v.) exchanged ‘a Delft Pitcher 8c Dish’ for (£124). ‘4 Bronzes’ and some other curiosities with Bentley and on December i4 Hl 18 26 Isaac sold BENTICK Bentley ‘ 5 pieces of stained glass’ (£3). John ‘Mr Bentick’ was a curiosity dealer trading in Coleman Isaac also sold him ‘2 fine Pictures by London during the 1850s. According to the dealer Velvet Breugels [sic], 12 small pictures in one John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) Mr Bentick was on a frame and a Berlin Dejeuner’ for £50 on 16* buying trip to Venice in October 18 5 7 and had August 1830 and sold him ‘Eight Suits of Armour, bought ‘twelve Dresden cups and saucers’ and a few weapons, a shield, & 12 Carved Chairs and some other porcelain whilst Isaac was also in Nineteen pieces of Stained Glass’ (£360) in July Venice. 18 33. Isaac exchanged ‘ 2 paintings in the Watteau [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS i j ^/A Jj j , no.98, Hartley hand’ and ‘2 Norremans’ for a bill for £28.9$ Library, University of Southampton.] from the dealer William Gibbs Rogers (q.v.) on i8 A June 18 34 and purchased ‘a Derby cup 8c BEN TLEY, John Edward Collingwood 8c John saucer’ (£2) from Bentley on i^ A M ay 1840. John E.C. Bentley (born ci8oo) was the brother- J.E.C . Bentley was convicted at the Old Bailey on in-law of the picture dealer and picture restorer, 4,h July 18 53 of ‘feloniously forging and uttering John Bentley (01794-1867). Bentley, the picture a warrant for the payment of £ 10 , with intent to dealer, was initially listed as ‘china dealer’ trading. defraud’. He pleaded guilty and was confined for at 5 Wigmore Street in Kent’s London Directory, 18 months; he stated his age as 55. 1820 and he was listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, the same address in Robson’s London directory Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Frederick Litchfield, 18 22, 18 26 and as ‘picture and curiosity dealer’ Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. 231; Adriana Turpin, ‘Filling the Void: the Development of Beckford's at 5 Wigmore Street in 18 3 3 . It is recorded that a Taste and the Market in Furniture’, in Derek Ostergard (ed.), dealer named Bentley was buying at auction from William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (2001), DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 73

p. 190; Bet MacCleod, ib id , p. 165; Jacob Simon, faience in the taste of Giovanni da Undine, with Directory of British picture restorers 1630-1950,. the date 1 5 3 7 ’ to the Louvre in 1880. www.nationalportraitgalIery.org.uk; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu,www.oldbaileyonline.org.] Beurdeley may be related to the well-known Parisian furniture maker Louis-Auguste-AIfred BERNHEIM, Mario Beurdeley (18 0 8 -18 8 2 ) and his son Alfred- Mario Bernheim was a curiosity dealer in Emanuel-Louis Beurdeley (1847-1919), who Nuremburg in the 1840s. In 1844 the dealer John loaned some objects to the Paris Universal Coleman Isaac (q.v:) bought ‘two small very fine Exhibition of 186 7; they were also members of carved frames’ from Bernheim whilst in the Jury for judging Section 4, ‘Clockwork, arms, Nuremberg. Isaac described Bernheim as ‘a very jewels, useful objects and works in metals’ at quiet good sort of man’ but he has nothing to sell the Paris Universal Exhibition (1867). Alfred- except ‘a few mended old china groups and Emanuel was awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris figures’. Isaac also stated that Bernheim regularly Exposition Universelle of 1889. An auction came to London in order to buy and sell. sale of the collection of ‘Beurdeley’ (probably Alexandre Bernheim ( 18 3 9 -19 15 ), possibly a Louis-Auguste) was sold by Hotel Drouot in later member of the same Bernheim family, was Paris, 9* & Io,,, April 1883. an art dealer trading from Duke Street in 1892, (Francis Cripps-Day, A Record of Armour Sales 1881-1914, (1914), p. 2; Geoffrey de Bellaigue, ‘Edward Holmes Baldock, part and 186 Piccadilly in 1893. I’, Connoisseur, August, 1975, pp. 190-9, p. 19 1; Gerald [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sij9/AJyj, no.63, Hartley Reitlingcr, The Economics o f Taste, volume II, (1963), p. 186, p. Library', University of Southampton.] 149; Suzanne Higgott, ‘Sir Richard Wallace’s maiolica’. Jo u rn al o f the History o f Collections, vol.i j, no.i (1003), pp. 59-82, p. 61.] BEURDELEY Beurdeley was trading as curiosity dealer at 364 BINNS, John Rue Saint-Honore, Paris in the 1830s: In 1839 the John Binns was primarily a dealer in books in dealer E.H. Baldock {q.v.) bought ‘2 Bras de Leeds in the late i8 ril century; he is listed as Cheminee’ from Beurdeley for £16.0.0. Beurdeley ‘bookseller’ in Briggate, in the Directory o f Leeds sold some stock at auction in London at Christie’s for 1798. The Directory o f Leeds for 1 8 1 7 in 1848. ‘Beurdeley, Paris’ is recorded as a buyer records Binns as a ‘bookseller in a very extensive of at least 10 lots at the auction sale of the line of business, and in bibliographic knowledge collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March he was supposed to be superior to any other 18 55 , including ‘a set of six Sevres plates, with person in the country - a notice of him occurs in flower borders’ (lot 4 57, £10.0.0); ‘a silver-gilt Nichols Literary Anecdotes, vol.viii. ‘Binns died cup and cover, on vase-shaped stem and feet, cut, on May i6 ,h 179 6, aged 52’. It has been suggested chased with flowers, fruits and cherub’s heads’ that Binns was also involved in the (lot 1 3 9 1, £10 .15.0.); ‘a silver-gilt drinking cup. sale of ‘articles of an antique nature’ and, ..date 16 50 ’ (lot 1430 , £13.0.0.) and a Limoges historically, it seems probable that a dealer such enamel ‘salt cellar, of circular form, on the top is as Binns would have sold a broader range of a classical bust, on the stem, some labours of historical material. Hercules’ (lot 15 7 1 , £37.0.0.). Beurdeley is also (Frank Kidson, Thomas Fenteman, memoir, (n.d. 1892?); James recorded as a dealer who sold a large lustred Lomax, ‘Buying Antiques in Victorian Leeds: the 1843 Exhibition’, maiolica dish made in the workshop of Giorgio Furniture History, vol.XXXIII, 1997, pp. 275-85.] Andreoli in 15 2 5 to the collector Sir Richard Wallace (18 18 -18 9 0 ) in 18 7 2 (Wallace Collection BINNS, Joshua C 66). Joshua Binns is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ In April 1866 M . Beurdeley ‘a dealer in objects of at Cadogan Terrace, London, in Kelly's Directory, art in Paris’ brought an action against 1882. M.Normandin a jeweller, to recover the sum of i6oof for a bronze and enamel casket in the BLO CK, Andre Byzantine style which he purchased as authentic Andre Block is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at but which later transpired to be a copy. The Civil 14 Hanway Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, Tribunal in Paris rejected Beurdeley’s action, 1882. citing that as Beurdeley ‘was well versed in antiquities’ he ‘had made the purchase on his own BOASBERG judgement.’ Beurdeley gave ‘an altar pavement of Boasberg was a curiosity dealer trading in the 74 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Calverstraat in Amsterdam between the 1860s BOWDEN, John and 1890s. The collector Lady Charlotte John Bowden is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 193 Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) records that she bought a Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. ‘Bow china candlestick representing Winter’ from Boasberg in October 1869 and she also records that BOW N, S. he had some Battersea and Chelsea enamels in S. Bown is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer* 1882. It is recorded that the art dealer Henri at 29 High Street, Leicester in Buchanan’s Duveen (q.v.) noticed some Nanking porcelain in Directory, 1867. Boasberg’s shop in 1870; *Boas-Berg has at last gone in for Nankin. He always called it Kitchen-ware’. B RETT, William [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, William Brett appears to have been a curiosity (19 11), vol.i, p. 45; J.H. Duveen, The Rise of the House of dealer trading at Oxford Road, Manchester in the D uveen , (1957), p. 24.] 1830s. The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) sold BO BAN, Eugene a number of curiosities including a ‘very fine ivory Eugene Boban (18 34-19 0 8) was a well-known carving...a very fine Tankard, and a very fine French antiquarian and collector-dealer during Wardrobe’ (£136.105) and ‘a Carved Frame and a the second half of the 1 century. Boban Carved looking glass frame (£5) to ‘Mr. Brett of travelled to Mexico as part of a French Scientific Oxford Road, Manchester’ on 9* December Commission in the early 1860s and became 1830. Isaac also Brett a ‘Carved frame, small archaeologist to Maximillian I of Mexico in 1864. marble bust, Two paintings, Ten Portraits...and Boban exhibited some of his ‘Mexican Three Large Chairs’ on ^ December 1838. Brett Antiquities’ at the Exposition Universelle in 186 7. may be William Brett ‘repository for fine arts’ is He had opened a shop in Paris by the early 1870s listed at 61 King Street, Manchester (n.d.). and moved the business to New York in the 1886. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJfj, ‘waste book’, no.467, A catalogue of the ‘Extensive archaeological Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] collection of Monsieur Eugene Boban’ was published in New York in 1886 and other BROADWAY catalogues of Boban’s collections (catalogued by M r Broadway is recorded as the dealer who Ed Frossard) were published in New York in bought both of the ‘large and magnificent robe 1887. Boban sold the now infamous Rock Crystal chests...of the time of King James I’ at the sale of Skull (purportedly ancient Mexican, but now the contents at Fonthill, sold by Phillips in 18 2 3, considered to be a 1 9th century fake) to Tiffany St (Lot 449: £89.125 St Lot 450: £94.10$); Co in New York, who sold it on to the British Broadway was probably acting on behalf of the Museum in 1898 (BM .Am i898,-i). Boban died on Duke of Buckingham. The chests were the 2nd May 1908 and objects from his collections commissioned by William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) were sold at auction in Paris later in 1908. and made d 8 15 but were believed in the period to [Eugene Boban, Antiquities Mexicaines, (1875); Eugene Boban, Catalogue o f the Eugene Boban Collection of Antiques, (1 vols), be either iy * century or ‘Gothic’. The chests were (1887); Eugene Boban, Documents pour servir a histoire du later sold at the auction of the contents of Stowe M exiqtte, (1891); Riviale Pascale, ‘Eugene Boban ou les aventures in 1848 are now in the Wallace Collection, d’un antiquaire au pays des americanistes’, Journal de la Societe London (F5472 St F473). Broadway may be des Americanistes, vol.87, no.i, (1001), pp. 351-362.] Broadwood (see below). BONHEUR [Adriana Turpin, ‘Filling the Void: The Development of Beckfords Taste and the Market in Furniture’, in Derek Ostergard (ed.), ‘Mr Bonheur’ was a curiosity dealer trading at 13 William Beckford 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (2001), Rue Simon le France, Paris in the 1830s. The p. 188.] dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought ‘a library table, a small Buhl clock and bracket’ and some BROADWOOD, David other furniture (£22) from ‘Mr Bonheur from David Broadwood listed as ‘furniture dealer’ at Paris’ on io '1’July 18 32. 1 1 6 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)’, [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS139/A/53, ‘waste book’, no.467, Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] 18 52.

BO UILLAN CY, Adolphe BROADWOOD, John Adolphe Bouillancy is listed as ‘antique furniture John Broadwood, listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 19 St Anne’s Court, Wardour Street, dealer’ at 16 St 17 Wardour Street in Kelly’s London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1870. London Directory, i860. ‘Broadwood St DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 75

Winchester’ are listed as ‘ancient furniture china dealer’ at 30 St James Street in Pigot’s warehouse’ at 17 Wardour Street in the Post Directory, 1839. Office Directory for 1852. ‘Bryant, St. James Street’ bought at least 19 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill BROWN, Rawdon Lubbock in 1842, including ‘a beautiful enamel miniature Rawdon Brown, (18 0 6 -188 3), was a collector of Liotard, by himself’ (lot 88, i4 H’ day, £7.7.0.); and an agent for the South Kensington Museum ‘a brilliant Vauxhall plate glass in a richly carved in the 1850s and 1860s. He also had many and ornamented ebony frame’ (lor 3, i6 ,h day, dealings with the German art dealer and historian £ 15 .15.0 .) and ‘a very fine portrait of Thomas Otto Miindler (18 11-18 7 0 ), whilst Miindler was Howard, Duke of Norfolk by Sir Antonio More’ a travelling agent for the National Gallery during (lot 114 , 2 1 “ day, £42.0.0.). ‘Bryant, St. James the period 18 5 5 -5 8 . Brown spent almost 50 years Street’ is also recorded as having made at least 3 as a resident in Venice, initially at Palazzo Dario purchases at the auction sale of the contents of which he bought in 1838 for £480. He sold Stowe in 1848; ‘Canova’s lions, from the Tomb of Palazzo Dario in 18 4 2 and moved into an Clement XIV, at St Peter’s’ (lot 695, £13.2.0.), ‘a apartment, first at Palazzo Businello and then at beautiful tazza, of verde di prato’ (lot 718 , Palazzo Gussoni-Grimani della Vida. Brown died £6.0.0.), and a marble portrait bust of the on 25'’’ August 1883 at Casa della Vida. He was Grenville (lot 758, £ 15.15.0 .). ‘Bryant, St James’s well known to many significant figures in the art Square’ also purchased one lot at the auction sale and literary world in the nineteenth-century, of the collection of Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in including John Ruskin (18 19 -19 0 0 ). March 18 55 ; ‘a Limoges Enamel upright plaque, [M. Lutyens (ed), Effie in Venice: unpublished letters o f Mrs John Ruskin written from Venice between 1849-1852, (1965); p. with a hunter and wild animals, and a Latin Kaufman, ‘John Ruskin and Rawdon Brown: the unpublished legend at the top’ (lor 1488, £5.5.0.0.). Bryant is correspondence of an Anglo-Venetian friendship’. North American also known to have traded pictures with the R eview , (222), (1925-26), pp. 112-30 , pp. 3 11-20 ; P. Kaufman, collector Joseph Gillott (179 9 -18 72 ) during the ‘Rawdon Brown and his adventures in Venetian archives’, English Miscellany, (18), (1967), pp. 283-302; Denys Sutton, ‘Two period 1845 to i860. historians in Venice’, A p o llo , (no), (1979), pp. 364-73; The [H. Burn, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842); Jeannie Chapel, ‘The Travel Diary of Otto Miindler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, papers of Joseph Gillott (1799-1872)', Journal of the History of (198;), pp. 69-254, p. 75 & p. 86; Clive Wainwright, (edited for Collections, vol.20, no.i, (2008), pp. 37-84, p. 61.] publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal of the BU CH A N AN , William History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, 2002, pp. 45-61, p. 51.] William Buchanan (17 7 7 -18 6 4 ) was one of the BROW N, William most well known picture dealers of the early William Brown is listed as ‘antique furniture nineteenth-century, trading in Edinburgh, but he dealer’ at 9 & 14 Wardour Street, London, in also sold antique furniture, most famously to the Kelly’s London Directory, i860 and at 14 Lucy family at Charlecote Park, some of which he Wardour Street in 1870. The census returns for purchased from the dealers Samuel Isaacs (q.v.) 186 1 record 14 Wardour Street occupied by and John Swaby (q.v.). Buchanan was author of William Brown, aged 48, ‘cabinet maker’, born at Memoirs o f Painting (1824) and was apparently Bucklershard, Hampshire, living with his wife still working on his plan for a companion volume Mary aged 40 together with three sons and two at the time of his death in 1864. Buchanan was daughters. the eldest son of Thomas Buchanan of Ardoch, Dunbarton and studied law in Edinburgh before BRYANT, John turning to art dealing. He died at the house of his John Bryant is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at brother, Thomas, at 3 Jane Street, Blythswood 17 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, Square, Glasgow in January 1864. Buchanan is 1839. frequently recorded as the buyer and seller of paintings at London auctions sales during the BRYANT, William Lamboll period 180 6 -1840 . William Bryant (d.?i866) ‘curiosity dealer’ is [Obituary, Art Journal, (1864), pp. 13 1-2 ; Francis Haskell, listed at 7 1 St Paul’s Churchyard, London, in Rediscoveries in Art, (1976), pp. 27-9; H ugh Brigstocke, W illiam Buchanan and the 19“ century art trade: 100 letters to his agents 1826 and 30 St James Street in 18 32 and at the in Italy and London, (1982); Clive Wainwright, The Romantic same address in Tallis’ London Street Views, Interior, the British collector at home iy jo -i8 jo , (1989), p. 43 & 1838/1840. Bryant is listed as ‘picture and foreign p. 47; Getty Provenance Index Databases,.[ j 6 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

BUCKLEY, Daniel early 1820s and like the dealer John Coleman Daniel Buckley is listed as ‘dealer in antique Isaac (q.v.) and many other dealers, was often on furniture, old china, brasses & curios’ at the Continent on buying trips. William Bullock 7 Eastgate, Louth, Lincolnshire in Kelly's sold ancient armour and curiosities for Gabriel Directory, 1889. and Abraham Davies {q.v.) at auctions at the Egyptian Hall in 18 2 1. A boxwood reliquary BULL, James, Sophia & Mary ‘ formerly the property of the late William James Bull is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 124 Bullock’ was illustrated in Sir Samuel Meyrick Leadenhall Street, London, in 18 2 1 and his wife and Henry Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient Furniture Sophia Bull is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 124 (1836) (plate LXXII). William was the brother of Leadenhall Street in 18 24 , 1826 , and again in the cabinetmaker George Bullock (17 8 2 /3-18 18 ), 1829 8c 18 32. In a court case at the Old Bailey on and William Bullock jnr is believed to have died at 1 8th October 18 2 3, John Joseph and Samuel 14 Harley Terrace, Chelsea, on 7* March 1849. Cumber were accused of stealing a silver mug [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS139/AJ53, ‘waste book’, no.467, from Sophia and M ary Bull, from their Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Francis Henry Leadenhall shop. Mary Bull was the daughter of Cripps-Day, A Record of Armour Sales 1881-1914, (1915), Sophia, then a widow, who kept a ‘silversmith’s pxxxvii; Richard Altick, The Shows of London, (1978), pp. 235-251; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior the British shop’; Joseph (aged 13) was found guilty and collector at home 1750-1850, (1989), p. 53; Susan Pearce, transported for 7 years. The Last Will and ‘William Bullock: collections and exhibitions at the Egyptian Hall’, Testament of Sophia Bull (no occupation listed) of Journal of the History of Collections, vl.10, no.i,(ioo8), pp. Leadenhall Street, was proved 30''' April 1829 17- 35-1 (Probii/1754). Mary Bull committed suicide in 18 3 2 ; John Bull (3o'h September, 1832), reported BURGESS, Thomas that the coroner held an inquest on ‘Miss Mary Thomas Burgess is listed as ‘antique furniture Bull, aged 40, who destroyed herself by dealer’ at 72 Newman Street, London, in Kelly’s swallowing laudanum. It appeared that the London Directory, 1870. deceased, who kept a sort of curiosity shop in Leadenhall Street, for a number of years, had lately BU TLER , Patrick become embarrassed of a connexion with a Jew, for Patrick Butler is recorded as a ‘furniture broker’ whom she accepted bills to a large amount. This at 33 Liffey Street, Dublin, Ireland in 18 55 . led to despondency and the rash act.’ The business was continued by his son Michael Butler who traded from Upper Abbey Street, Dublin BULLO CK, William during 18 8 5 -1 9 1 2 . ‘BUTLER DUBLIN’ is William Bullock, a Liverpool merchant, moved occasionally to be found stamped on the underside his collection of armour and curiosities from of eighteenth and nineteenth-century furniture. Liverpool to London in 1809 and staged a variety [Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London of exhibitions at his ‘London Museum’ at 22 Furniture 1700-1840, (1996).] Piccadilly. Later in a 8 20, he opened the famous Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly (designed by the B U TTO N , Benjamin architect Peter Robinson), which he used as an Benjamin Button is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at exhibition hall and auction room during the 126 St James’s Street, Brighton in the Post Office period from 18 2 1 until he sold the lease of the Directory for 1878. Hall to the bookseller George Lackington in 18 25. William and his son William jnr were BYARD, Horatio famous for their exhibitions at the Egyptian Hall Horatio Byard is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 6 and Bullock snr later went to North and South Warwick Street, Golden Square, London, in America during the 1820s and 1830s where he Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 and ‘Byard, picture purchased a large estate at Elmwood, Cincinnati dealers’ are listed at 20 Wardour Street in the Post and unsuccessfully tried to develop a model town Office Directory for 18 4 1 and 1844/5. Byard called Hygeia. appears regularly as both buyer and seller of Bullock is known to have purchased some of the paintings at various auctions rooms in London armour from the collection of Samuel Rawle, the during the period 18 2 3 -18 4 0 , mostly at fairly accoutrement maker of the Strand, some of whose small amounts, but he did buy a Velazquez ‘head objects were illustrated by Francis Grose in A of Count Gondamar...from M r Ottley’s collection’ Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons (1786). (£ 8 .15s) at Christie’s, April 22nd, 18 37 . Bullock sold objects to Sir Walter Scott in the [Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu] 77 C CAMPBELL, W.H. decades of the nineteenth-century. Castellani W.H. Campbell is listed as ‘antique dealer’ at 38 opened a shop in London at 13 Frith Street in the Swinegate, York in Stevens Directory for York for early 1860s and also had a shop in Paris and a 1885. workshop in Naples. It is recorded that Castellani exhibited some ancient Etruscan and other CARLHIAN-BEAUMETZ jewellery at the Fine Arts Club, London in 18 6 1. Carlhian et Cie was established as a decorator Alessandro Castellani is listed amongst the and furnisher in the early 19 th century in rue des contributors to the Special Loan Exhibition of Frances-Bourgeois, Paris, and was re-established Works of Art at the South Kensington Museum in as Carlhian-Beaumetz 186 7 by Anatole Carlhian June 186 2 and ‘Signor Castellani’ exhibited a (d.1904) and his brother-in-law Albert Dujardin- ‘damascened steel casket, Italian, i6 ,h century’, a Beametz {d.1906) at 30 rue de la Beaurepaire, ‘Niello Pax, Italian i6 ,h century’ and two ly '1' Paris. In their later incarnation they sold salvaged century illuminated manuscripts at the National 1 7* and i S'11 century interior rooms during the Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in 1868. late 19'*' century and established an outlet in New Castellani was author of ‘A Memoir, the jewellery' York by the 1930s. The firm ceased trading in of the ancient’ (n.d.), and was engaged by the Duke 1975- of Marlborough to value the famous ‘Marlborough [Wayne Craven, Stanford White, decorator in opulence and dealer Gems’, which were sold at auction in 1 875. in antiquities, (2005), p. 10, pp. 32-33; John Harris, M oving Rooms: the trade in architectural salvage, (2007), pp. 258-60.] Castellani sold considerable amounts of Renaissance revival jewellery and gems, ancient CARMICHAEL, Ann Greek and Roman antiquities, including a Ann Carmichael, ‘curiosity dealer’ is listed at Hellenistic bronze head of a goddess, probably of 44 Lambs Conduit Street, London, in the Post Aphrodite, to the British Museum in 1873 “ Office Directory for 1829. (British Museum: G R 1873.8.20 .1). He also sold another of selection of objects in 1876. Both CARTER, Robert collections were exhibited at the British Museum Robert Carter is listed as an ‘antique china dealer’ prior to their sale. Castellani also sold two in London at 1 5 - 1 6 The Minories in the City of paintings to the National Gallery for £1,20 0 in London in Kelly’s Directory, 1870 and Robert 18 8 1 - ‘Crucifixtion by Niccolo Da Foligno’ and Carter & Sons are listed as ‘antique furniture ‘Virgin enthroned, early Siennese School’. dealers’ at 185 Tottenham Court Road in Castellani was mentioned by the writer Nina Kelly’s Directory, 1882. The collector Lady Barstow in an essay published in 1886 on the Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) recorded that forgeries of Giovanni Bastianini (1830 -1868), she bought ‘a fine Plymouth figure of America, stating that the dealer Gagliardi (q.v.) was ‘in the which he called Chelsea’ for £6.0.0. from Carter secret’ regarding the fakes that Bastianini in October 186 9. Carter is recorded as a produced. ‘A. Castellani’ is recorded as the buyer significant purchaser at an auction of ceramics at of at least 5 lots at the auction sale of the contents Christie’s in 1867. of Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a Chinese [Montague Guest (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, (1911), vol.i, p. 57.] bronze square box and cover’ (lot 15 3 , £210.0.0.). Castellani died in Italy in 1883 after a CASTELLARI, Andrea (Andrew) brief illness and his remaining collections were Andrea Castellari is recorded as insured by the sold at auction in Rome in April 1884. [John Charles Robinson, Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition of Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 26 Works o f Art...on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (1862); Russell Court, Covent Garden, London, in 18 37 Nina Barstow, ‘The Romance of Art: the forgeries of Bastianini’, and is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at the same Magazine o f Art, January 1886, pp. 503-508, p. 506; C atalogue address in Pigot’s London Directory for 1839. of the National Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 217, p. 221; George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.i, p. 198, vol.II, p. 354; Ann Eatwell, ‘The Collector’s or Fine Arts CASTELLAN I, Alessandro Club, 1857-1874, the first society for collectors of the Decorative Castellani (18 2 4 -18 8 3) was a jeweller, collector Arts’, Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1850 to present, and dealer, trading in London in the middle volume 18, (1994), pp. 25-30.I 78 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

CAULFIELD, William 19* century art trade, (1982), p. 29; Clive Waimvright, T h e William Caulfield is recorded as insured by the Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home ryy-iSyo, (1989), p. 47, 193-4; Adriana Turpin, ‘Filling the Void: The Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in pictures and Development of Beckford’s Taste and the Market in Furniture’, in curiosities’ at 8 Grays Inn Passage, Red Lion Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford 1760-1844, an r y e fo r Street, London, in 18 3 1. William Caulfield is the magnificent, (2001), p. 187; Sandra Hindman, Michael listed as ‘bookseller’ at 8 Grays Inn Passage in Camille, Nina Rowe and Rowan Watson, Manuscript Illumination in the Modern Age, (2001), p. 53; Anne-Marie Eze, “ At home in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. Caulfield appears all regimes - as long as there were clients to buy his pictures’ The infrequently as buyer of paintings at auction sales Indefatigable Abate Celotti: a cleric-tumed-dealer in nineteenth in London, recorded as active in 1824 and 1830. century Venice’, unpublished lecture, Wallace Collection, London, [Getty Provenance Index Databases, svsvsv.piweb.getty.edu] 2 j* February 2008; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.! CAW LEY 8c CO. Cawley 8c Co are listed as ‘antique furniture CHAFFERS, William dealers’ at 4 New Inn Yard, Great Eastern Street, William Chaffers junior FSA (18 11-18 9 2 ) was a London, in Kelly’s Directory, 18 8 2 and advertised curiosity dealer from at least the 1850s and was as ‘Antique and Foreign Furniture Company’ at also the author of the famous Marks & the same address in 1882. Monograms on European and Oriental Pottery and Porcelain’ (1863) and the first book on CELO TTI, Luigi English silver hallmarks, Hallmarks on English Abbe Celotti (17 5 9 -18 4 3 ) was born on i 2 ,h Silver (1863) as well as The Keramic Gallery o f August 175 9 in Treviso and died on 9'1' October Pottery and Porcelain (2 vols. 1872). William 1843 in the Palazzo Barbarigo, Venice, where he Chaffers junior was trading as ‘numismatist and was in the employ of the Barbarigo family; from antiquary’ at 20 Old Bond Street, London, in 180 1 Celotti was the Secretary and Librarian to 18 53 and at 66 Jermyn Street in 1859 . By 1885 Count Giovanni Barbarigo in Venice. Abbe William Chaffers, ‘valuers of works of art’ are Celotti operated as a dealer from 179 9 onwards listed at 4 Great Vine Street in Kelly’s Director)’. and his name regularly appears as a seller of C.R. Smith, Illustrations o f Roman London (1859), wrote that M r W. Chaffers discovered a pictures at auction rooms in Paris during the period 18 0 7 -18 19 and is recorded as having sold ‘figure of an archer, in Queen Street in 1842, and a portrait of two boys by Titian, ‘from the Pesaro the same year communicated an account of it at the Society of Antiquaries.’ The writer John Palace’ to the collector James Irvine (1759? - 1 8 3 1 ) in November 1828. Celotti was involved, Timbs in his Curiosities o f London (1868), mentions that Chaffers’ had a collection of ‘ 1000 along with the dealer E.H. Baldock (q.v.), in the specimens discovered in London excavations’ and importation of the Borghese table formerly in the collection of William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) at was well worth visiting. Chaffers was a subscriber Fonthill and now at Charlecote Park. Celotti was to the collector Charles Roach Smith’s Catalogue o f the Museum o f London Antiquities (1854) and also involved in the importation of some is frequently mentioned by Roach Smith in his ‘Venetian carved boxwood armchairs’ which were publication; in particular Roach Smith mentions sold by the dealer John Swaby (q.v.) to Archibald that Chaffers was the first person to designate Constable, Sir Walter Scott’s publisher, in 1822; ‘Bellarmine’ jugs with that name in an article that the chairs were given by Constable to Sir Walter Chaffers published in the Journal of the British Scott and remain in the Library at Abbotsford. Archaeological Association. Celotti appears to have premises both in Paris and Chaffers was elected to the Society of Antiquaries London and held an auction sale of French in 18 4 3 , giving a paper on the antiquities furniture in Paris in 18 19 . Pressed for cash, discovered at Nisimes at the Society of Celotti sold a collection of Hebrew, Greek and Antiquaries on December 12 1850 , and like his Latin Manuscripts at Sotheby’s in March 18 2 5, at father before him, was ‘Father’ of the Worshipful which he was recorded as the seller at the first Company of Wheelwrights. Chaffers is said to known specialist auction of a collection of have sold ‘Sir Thomas More’s candlesticks’ to the medieval manuscripts in London. Celotti also collector Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) for £ 1 2 -th e sold a collection of paintings at Christie’s on candlesticks were sold at the auction of the 26th May 1825. [Francis Haskell, Painters and Patrons: art and society in Baroque collection of Bernal in 18 55 for £ 232.1.0 . (lot Italy, (1963), p. 377; Hugh Brigsrocke, William Buchanan and the 130 5 to Durlacher (q.v.). DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 79

Chaffers is also listed amongst the buyers at many formed by Felix Slade (179 0 -186 8 ) and the significant auction sales in the i? '1’ century, catalogue of the Holbourne of Menstrie Museum including the Col. Charles Sibthorpe (17 8 3 -18 5 5 ) of Art, Bath (1887), as well as the collection of auction at Christie’s in April 18 56 and is recorded William Henry Forman which was acquired as buying intaglios at the Benjamin Hertz auction by Major A.H. Brown of Callaly Castle, in 1859 , and coins at the collection of J. Dodsley Northumberland in 1890. Chaffers was also a Cuff, sold by Christie’s in 1854 . Chaffers is also member of the Fountaine Syndicate, which was recorded as the purchaser of a painting by formed to purchase objects for the nation at the ‘Titian’, ‘Dead Christ attended by the Virgin and auction of the Fountaine collection at Christie’s 6 other figures’ (£640.105), at the auction sale of in 1884. the collection of the J. W. Brett in 1864. Chaffers Chaffers was not always considered reputable, in bought at least 74 lots at the auction sale of the 1865 John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) of the collection of Ralph Bernal (178 4 -18 5 4 ) in March South Kensington Museum wrote that ‘M r 18 55 , including ‘a Sevres cup and saucer, Gros Chaffers habitual indiscretion is such as to make Bleu, with the head of Franklin, and a trophy in him unsuitable to be associated with the Indian ink’ (lot 340, £43.1.0 .); a miniature expenditure of public money’. A William portrait of ‘Necker, the financier, by G. Lenz’ (lot Chaffers, cloth and wool merchant listed at 74 10 18 , £8.8.0.); ‘a coffer-shaped casket, metal gilt, Queen Street, Cheapside in 18 2 1, may be a with birds, scales, and foliage, in white metal on relative. William Chaffers’ father was a black ground’ (lot 1 2 7 1 , £16.0.0.); ‘a dish of ‘pawnbroker’ trading at 42 Watling Street by at Giorgio da Gubbio Ware’ (lot 17 39 , £40.0.0.); ‘a least 1820, where William Jnr was born in 1 8 1 1 . silver-gilt ornamental buckle, chased and The Chaffers family are related to the family of engraved with masks’ (lot 3458, £ 16 .16 .0 .) Richard Chaffers ( 17 3 1-17 6 5 ) , the potter of and ‘a scalloped or padlock locket-shaped Liverpool. William Chaffers (this could be either watch...maker’s name “ Gio, Batt. Mascarone” snr or jnr) was listed as ‘picture dealer’ and as (lot 3849, £21.0.0. illustrated in the catalogue). ‘pawnbroker and silversmith’ at 10 & 1 1 Greek William Chaffers was well-known as super­ Street, Soho in Pigot’s London Directory, 1839 intendent at a number of exhibitions, including and at 10 Greek Street in 18 4 1 and 1846. William South Kensington (including the loan collections Chaffers ‘silversmith and dealer’ is listed amongst of Old Plate, Clocks and Watches and Sevres the debtors of the dealer Thomas Hamlet (q.v.) in Porcelain) in 1862; Dublin in 18 72 ; Wrexham in 18 4 1 with a debt of £2,740. Chaffers jnr was a 1876 ; Hanley, Staffordshire in 1890; as well as clerk in the City of London during the rebuilding being a member of the organising committee of the Royal Exchange in 18 38 -39 and no doubt for the ‘Museum of Ornamental Art’ at the became interested in Romano-British antiquities Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 5 7 excavated during the laying of the foundations of and was superintendent of the ‘Museum of the building works. Chaffers, who lived at Fitzroy Ornamental Art’ at the National Exhibition of Square, retired from the trade in about 1870, Works of Art at Leeds in 1868. He is also known moving to The Chestnuts, Willesden Lane, as an advisor and a frequent supplier of objects to Middlesex, later moving to West Hampstead. the South Kensington Museum; the annual Chaffers died on i 2 ,h April 1892. The obituary of report of the Department of Science and Art William Chaffers (The Times, April 19 th 1892), for 18 54 records a number of purchases from stares ‘the veteran antiquary, who died a few days ‘Mr. Chaffers’, including several examples of ago, aged 80, at his residence at West Hampstead, Venetian Glass and ‘fragments of Samian ware’. in comparative obscurity and oblivion... whilst... When Chaffers made a visit to the new [to] the art world of 50 years ago his name was a Corporation Art Gallery at Derby following the household word... [and] made him probably in his gift of objects by Felix Slade (179 0 -186 8) the day the highest authority in England on ceramics, newspaper reports commented that Chaffers was silver and plate.’ ‘one of the greatest living authorities on ceramics’ [Charles Roach Smith, Catalogue of the Museum of London (Derby Mercury 3rd December 1890). William Antiquities, (1854), p. 122; Charles Roach Smith, Illustrations o f Chaffers, 14 Grafton Street, is listed as one of the Roman London (1859), p. 7 1; Catalogue o f the Art Treasures of the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1 8 3 7 (1857), p. guarantors (£250) for the potential purchase of 137; Catalogue of the National Exhibition of Works of Art at the Soulages Collection in 1856 . He was also L eeds, (1858), pvi; William Chaffers, Marks and Monograms on responsible for cataloguing the collection of glass European and Oriental Pottery and Porcelain, (1863); William 80 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

Chaffers, Hallmarks on English Silver, (1863); William Chaffers, CLAR KE, William Catalogue of the Collection of Glass formed by Felix Slade, William Clarke is listed as ‘antique furniture (1B71); William Chaffers, The Keramic Gallery of Pottery and dealer and curiosity dealer’ at 44 Great Portland Porcelain, (1 vols. 1872); William Chaffers, Gilda aurifabrorum (1883); William Chaffers, Catalogue of the Holbume of Menstrie Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. Museum o f Art, Bath, (1887); George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.ll, p. 237; William Chaffers, Catalogue o f the Works CLARKE, Miss of Antiquity and Art Collected by the Late William Henry Miss Clarke is trading at the ‘Antique Lace Forem an (1892); Anna Somers Cocks, The Victoria and Albert Warehouse’, 154 Regent Street, London, in Museum: the making of the collection, (1980), p. 20; Clive Wainwrighr, The Romantic Interior, the British collector at home Tallis’ London Street Views, 18 4 7 (figure 12). 1 7 5 0 - 18 5 0 , (1989), p. 52.] The Annual Report for the Department o f Science and Art for 18 54 records a large number of CHILVERS, Mrs Caroline purchases for the South Kensington Museum Mrs Chilvers is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at from ‘Miss Clarke’, including ‘an Old Dresden 85 'Wardour Street, London, in the 18 52 Post Porcelain Teapot and Cover, £ 4.14.6 .’, and a large Office Directory. number of specimens of ‘Venetian, Maltese and Old Valenciennes Lace’. CH ITTLEBU RG H , John CLEMENT John Chittleburgh is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Clement was an art dealer in Paris. Clement acted 7 Portland Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, as bidding agent for Baron Edmund de Rothschild 1839 and as’ curiosity dealer’ at 126 Great at the auction sale of the collection of Herr von Portland Street in the 18 4 1 Post Office Directory. Liphart, sold in Dresden in 1876 . Clement is also recorded as the purchaser of one lot at the auction CLARE, Samuel sale of the Andrew Fountaine collection at Samuel Clare is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Christe’s in June 1884; an ‘Henri II ware Biberon, 1 1 Great Marlborough Street, London, in i860. formed as a vase’ (lot 298 £10 6 0 .10 .0 .) - The census returns for 18 6 1 record Samuel Clare, (photographed in the catalogue). ‘dealer in antiquities’, aged 44 resident at (George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.I, p. 232.] 1 1 Great Marlborough Street, together with his wife Ann, aged 48 and their five children, all CLEM EN T, Mrs Jemmina ‘scholars’. Samuel Clare advertised the sale of a Mrs Clement is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1 1 ‘ magnificent Renaissance Screen, from the Brownlow Street, Holborn, London, in i860. The Church of St Luke, Cremona, carved by Antonio census return for 18 6 1, records 1 1 Brownlow Maria Viani, called Vianino, School of Campi, Street occupied by Jemmina Clements [sic] widow Cremona, 15 8 2 ’ in The Morning Chronicle in aged 33, as a ’curiosity dealer’ who was bom at May i860, at ‘Clare’s Gallery of Ancient Faversham, Kent, together with one son Jaines (9) Furniture, Curiosities, Armour etc’, 1 1 Great and one daughter, Jemina (7). Marlborough Street. Henry Pratt (possibly of the Pratt (q.v.) family of ancient armour dealers), was CO CKAYN E, Isaac listed as the ‘Manager’ of Clare’s gallery another Isaac Cockayne is listed as ‘antique china dealer* advertisement for Samuel Clare’s ‘Gallery of at 4 Osborne Street, Hull, Yorkshire in Kelly’s Antiquities and Ancient Furniture in The Morning Directory, 1879. Chronicle in October 1859. COELHO Coelho is recorded by the collector Lady CLAR KE, Jane Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a curiosity Jane Clarke is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at dealer trading at 13 Rua Annunciata in Lisbon, 25 Paddington Street, London, in Kelly’s Portugal, in the 1860s and 1870s. Lady Schreiber Directory, 18 39 and as ‘upholsterer’ at the same noted that she purchased some enamels and china address in Pigot’s London Directory, 1839. from Coelho in 18 75 . [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, CLAR KE & CO , Thomas (i9n)l Thomas Clarke is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 68 New Bond Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, COHEN, Moses i860. Moses Cohen is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 8l

12 Charles Street, London, in the Post Office CO LN AGH I, Paul, Dominic Sc Martin Directory for 18 4 1 and i860. The 186 1 census Paul Colnaghi, ( 1 7 5 1 - 1 8 3 3 ) son of a records Moses Cohen as ‘general dealer’, at distinguished Milanese family, came to London 12 Charles Street, aged 76, a widower who had from Italy after his father died in debt. He joined been born at High Wycombe. the London print sellers and scientific instrument makers Giovanni and Anthony Torre in 1783 COLLIN before setting up an art and print dealing business Collin was a curiosity dealer in Frankfurt am with a partner named Sala. Colnaghi & Sala are Main, Germany. The dealer John Coleman Isaac listed as print merchants at 23 Cockspur Street in (q.v.) mentions that when he met M r Collin whilst 179 9 and as Colnaghi Sc Co print merchants by he was in Fiirth in Germany in September 18 35, 1805. Paul Colnaghi had a shop at 23 Cockspur he ‘saw all that he bought and there was nothing Street until 1826 when he vacated this shop after at all for me in his things.’ In May 1838 Isaac also a quarrel with his son, Martin Colnaghi who records that Collin was in possession of an continued to operate from Cockspur Street, and ‘ancient shield’ that Farrer (<7.1'.) and Tuck (q.v.) set up with his son Dominic Charles (179 0 -1879 ) had attempted to buy for £160. at 14 Pall Mall East. Paul’s 3"1 son, also called [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJy}, no.33, no.43. Hartley Paul, died aged 36 on 30ri'June 1830. Colnaghi Sc Library, University of Southampton.] Puckle (Martin Colnaghi) are still listed at 23 Cockspur Street in Tallis’ London Street Views, COLLINGW OOD, Sarah 1838/1840. The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) Miss Sarah Collingwood is listed as ‘dealer in had several transactions with ‘Mr. Colnaghi’, antique furniture’ at Osbournby, Falkingham, (almost certainly Dominic) and the Isaac archive Lincolnshire in Kelly’s Director)’, 1889. also indicates that Colnaghi sold armour to the collector Ralph Bernal (178 4 -18 5 4 ) in 1838 and COLLINS, Francis also had significant dealings with the collector Francis Collins (1790-1833), who was the and expert on armour Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick younger brother of the artist William Collins RA (17 8 3 -18 4 8 ) in the same period. Dominic (1788-1847), is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 1 1 New Colnaghi sold a large collection of arms and Cavendish Street, London, in 18 17 . Collins moved armour to Meyrick comprising some 23 suits and to 52 Great Marlborough Street in 18 2 8 -18 3 2 , others arms to the amount of £2,000 in 18 18 , trading as ‘picture cleaner and dealer’ and also probably purchased by Sir Samuel’s son ‘dealer in ancient prints.’ Collins, certainly both Llewellyn, who had inherited the property of Sir Francis and Henry, (q.v.), appear frequently as a Samuel’s father due to Sir Samuel marrying buyer and seller of paintings at various London against his father’s wishes. auctions in the period 18 15 -18 3 9 . Colnaghi is recorded as the buyer of at least 15 [Jacob Simon, Directory of British picture restorers, 1630-1930, lots at the auction sale of the contents of nationalportraitgallcry.org; Getty Provenance Index Databases, Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘a portrait of a www.piweb.gcrry.edu] French Courtier, by Janet’ (lot 13 , i i '1' day, £9.9.0.); ‘a miniature portrait of King James I, by HOLLINS, Mrs Isaac Oliver’ (lot 38, i4 ,tl day, £18.18.0 .); ‘a pair Mrs Collins traded as a curiosity dealer in of Roman vases carved in ivory by Verskovis’ (lot Germany. The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) 67, i 5 ,h day, £12.12.0 .); ‘a singularly curious and mentioned that she had a shop in Frankfurt valuable old picture, on panel, the marriage of during the late 1830s and early 1840s. Isaac Henry VII with Margaret of Anjou’ (lot 25, 2o,tl wrote to his wife Sarah, that he ‘learnt from Mrs day, £84.0.0.); and ‘a matchless enamel miniature Collins that Pratt (q.v.) had been there, in the of Cowley, the poet, by Zincke’, (lot 5 1, i4 ,h day, course of the day, and offered her for three crystal £60.0.0.). ‘P Sc D Colnaghi’ are also recorded as Cups and an Ivor)’ tankard about 8ogns, on the buyers of at least 8 lots at the auction sale of condition that she would take a bill on his house the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in in Bond Street. She asked my opinion, if he was March 18 55, including a portrait of ‘the Cardinal good, but you know my way, I never interfere of Chatillion’ by"' ‘Primaticcio’ (lot 807, with any body, but still she sayed [sic] she £ 16 2.15.0 ) and ‘a rifle, the stock inlaid with understood me.’ [John Coleman Isaac archive, AIS139MJ33, no.53, Hartley ivory...and a German inscription and date 15 8 5 ’ Library, University of Southampton.] (lot 2 2 17 , £6.6.0.). 82 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS

‘P. Colnaghi esq.’ is listed as a contributor to the COOKE, George ‘paintings by modern masters’ section at the George Cooke is listed as ‘broker & curiosity Manchester Art Treasures exhibition in 18 57 , dealer’ at St Mary’s Road, Market Harborough, exhibiting a painting by William West, ‘Chapel of in the Leicestershire Gazetteer, 18 77. the Strozzi family at Florence’. The census returns for 18 6 1 record Dominic Colnaghi resident at 15 CO O KE 8c SONS Warwick Street, a ‘print publisher’, aged 7 1 and Cooke 8c Sons, Lower Church Street, Warwick, born in Chelsea, together with his wife Katherine and Warwick Street, Leamington Spa, were aged 55, and son Charles aged 12 . Martin primarily furniture manufacturers, but they also Colnaghi (18 2 1-19 0 8 ) the nephew of Dominic, sold antique and ancient furniture. Henry Cooke, bought at least 14 lots at the auction sale of the in his Historical and Descriptive Guide to collection of Andrew Fountaine in 1884, Warwick Castle (1851), wrote: ‘Their vast including a maiolica ‘Urbino dish, [painted with] collection of furniture, in the most magnificent Caesar in a triumphal car’ (lot 54, £94.10.0.); a patterns, ancient carved oak, fine antique and Limoges enamel ‘Cup, by Penicaud’ (lot 129, valuable old cabinets, 8c etc, has few rivals in the £73.10.0.), and a majolica ‘Urbino dish [painted kingdom as to extent, and certainly no superiors as with] the Judgment of Paris, by F.Xanto’ (lot 17 5 , to execution.’ Cooke of Warwick made the famous £63.0.0.). M . Colnaghi and P8cD Colnaghi are ‘Kenilworth Buffet’, displayed at the Great recorded separately amongst the buyers at Exhibition (1851) and now at Warwick Castle. the auction sale of the contents of Hamilton (Henry T. Cooke, An Historical and Descriptive Guide to Waruick Castle, (1851).] Palace in 1882. Colnaghi are also recorded as the purchaser of COOPER, Thomas ‘The Due de Choiseul’s Writing-table and Thomas Cooper, ‘curiosity dealer’ is listed at 22 Cartonniere’ (lot 887, £5565) at the auction sale New Bond Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory’, of the collections of Hamilton Palace in June and 18 32. Cooper is listed as ‘’umbrella and walking July 1882. Colnaghi also purchased ‘a two- stick maker’ at the same address in Pigot’s handled oviform vase, of Montelupo faience’ Directory, 1839. (£105); ‘a pair of cassone panels, one by Pesellino, representing the history of Jason’ (£1200); and COOPLAND, Herbert ‘Paolo Uccello, St George and the dragon’ Herbert Coopland is listed as ‘modern and (£1450) at the sale of the collection of the dealer antique furniture dealer’ at 15 3 West Street, Bardini (q.v.) in June 1899. Sheffield in Kelly’s Directory, 18 8 1. In 1894 dealer and art expert Otto Gutekunst (q.v.) joined Colnaghi, retiring in 19 39. In 1 9 1 1 CORK, Henry the firm was also joined by Gustavus Mayer. Henry Cork is listed as ‘curiosity 8c shell dealer’ Colnaghi continued to trade as art dealers and at 53 Judd Street, New Road, London, in Pigot’s print sellers at 14 4 -4 6 New Bond Street in a Directory, 1839. building especially designed for the firm by the architects Lanchester and Richards in 1 9 1 1 , and CO STAN TIN I, Emilio moved to 14 Old Bond Street in 1940. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no.467, Emilio Costantini traded as a dealer in Florence in n o .iji, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; H. Bum, the late i9 ,,‘ century’. He was a rival of the dealer Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841); Catalogue o f the Art Treasures o f Stefano Bardini (q.v.) and is recorded as supplying the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in iS jy (1857); a number of paintings to Mrs Isabella Stewart George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), passim; Frank Herrmann, Tbe English as Collectors, (1972), p. 32; P. tc D. Gardner, including Raphael’s portrait of Tomasso ' Colnaghi, Art, Commerce, Scholarship: a window into the art Inghirami. world - Colnaghi 1760 to 1984, (1984); Clive Wainwright, (Clive Wainwright, edited for publication by Charlotte Gere, The ‘Curiosities to Fine Art, Bond Street’s First Dealers’, Country Life, making of the South Kensington Museum IV, relationships with 29* May 1986, pp. 1528-29; Rosalind Lowe, Sir Samuel Rush the trade: Webb and Bardini’, Journal of the History of Meyrick and Goodrich Court, (2003), p. 79, p. 135 .1 Collections, vol.14, no.i, (2002), pp. 63-78, p. 75.(

COOK, Edward COUSIN Edward Cook is recorded in the insurance records Cousin is recorded at 3 Rue Matignon, Paris, in of the Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 1 8 1 7 and M . Cousin, a dealer in antiquities and 123 Wardour Street, London, in 18 19 and 1820. paintings, is listed at Place de la Bourse, Paris in DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 83

18 37. The diarist Thomas Raikes (17 7 7 -18 4 8 ) Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ), who bought recorded that M. Cousin, ‘a dealer in antiquities’, two Bow porcelain figures from Crispin for purchased a ‘small picture covered in dust’ for £8.0.0. in February 18 75 . just 53 francs at the auction sale of the property [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, (19 11), vol.i, p. 3 j 6.] of the Due de Maille in April 18 37 , which after cleaning, turned out to be a portrait of St. John CUFFE, John the Baptist by Raphael. Cousin tried to sell the John Cuffe is recorded in the insurance records of painting for 100,000 francs, but was forced to the Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in curiosities and release the painting by the Liste Civile into the straw hat maker’ at 46 Strand, London, in 18 16 . care of the Musee Louvre after the Maille auction sale was declared ‘null and void.’ Cousin was CU RETO N , Henry Osborne required to return the painting ‘on penalty of 100 Henry (Harry) Cureton (17 8 5 -18 5 8 ) is listed as francs per day’. Cousin was selling paintings at ‘curiosity dealer’ at 81 Aldersgate Street, London, auction in Paris in 1844 in collaboration with the in 1829 and he is listed as ‘medalist’ at the same dealer Samuel Mawson (q.v.) and is recorded as address in 18 33. Cureton is listed as ‘medallist buying paintings at auction in Paris between 1 8 17 and coin dealer’ at 20 River Street, Myddleton and 1840. [Thomas Raikes, A Portion o f the Journal kept by Thomas Raikes Square, in the Post Office Directory for 1850. E sq from 18 31 to 1847, (1856), (4 vols), vol.i, p. 173 & p. 232; Cureton was listed as a member of the John Ingamells, (ed), The Hertford Mawson Letters, (1981), p. 13, Numismatic Society in 1838. Cureton is recorded fni7; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edul as the buyer of over 100 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2, all coins COUVREUR and medals including, ‘a Greek coin, Agathocles Couvreur was a curiosity dealer trading at 48 of Syria, very fine and rare’ (lot 12 , 9,h day, Rue Notre Dame de Victoires, Paris in the 1850s £3.10.0.); ‘English gold coins, five-guinea piece, and by 1869 he had moved to Rue Lepelletier. 1 7 1 1 and two-guinea piece, 170 9 ’ (lot 156, 9th John Charles Robinson (1824-1913) of the day, £7.0.0.); ‘an English medal in silver, Queen South Kensington Museum purchased an Mary, beautifully chased by Stewart’ (lot 4 1, io rh altarpiece (£62.10.0.) from Couvreur in 18 54 on day, £4.4.0.); ‘Pope Julius III, fine and very rare’ behalf of the museum; the altarpiece was said to (lot 44, io ,h day, £8.5s.); and a ‘Venetian, twelve- have come from the Cathedral at St. Bavo in ducat piece’ (lot 13 2 , 10 th day, £4.155). Ghent. Robinson also wrote in September 1854 Cureton appears to have left the trade by 18 5 1 that he thought that Couvreur was ‘sufficiently and is believed to have worked in some capacity honest for a dealer’. Couvreur is listed as a at the British Museum. Leigh, Sotheby & purchaser at the Soltikoff auction sale in 18 6 1. Wilkinson sold the ‘Valuable Stock of Coins and The collection of Couvreur was sold at auction in Medals of Mr. Harry Osborn Cureton’ on i 7 lh Paris in 18 7 5 . February 18 5 1. Cureton was the witness in a [V&A Library, Cole Papers, B o x X V I ; Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, Volume 11, (1963), p. 113 ; Clive Wainwright, court case at the Old Bailey on 10 th May 18 52, (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The Making of the when he stated ‘I live in Pentonville, I was South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal o f the formerly in business in Aldersgate Street’. In 1854 History of Collections, volume 14, no.i, 2002, pp. 45-61, p. the collector Charles Roach Smith mentions ‘Mr. 47- 8.] Harry Cureton, the well known and respectable coin dealer’. Cureton sold a large number of COVE 5c SON, Augustus objects to the British Museum during the 1850s, Augustus Cove 6c Son, ‘curiosity dealers’ are including the late Bronze Age ‘Dunaverney Flesh listed at 3 1 Hounsditch, London, in the Post .^Hook’ (BM 1856, 1222.1). Office Directory for 1829 and 18 32. Thomas [H. Burn, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842); Charles Roach Smith, Cove is listed a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 5 Charles Catalogue of the Museum of London Antiquities, (1854), p. vi; Street, Middlesex Hospital in 18 33 and Augustus www.oldbaileyonline.org.] Cove is listed as ‘China and Glass Warehouse’ at 3 1 Hounsditch in 18 33. CURT, Joseph Joseph Curt is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 33 CRISPIN Great Portland Street, London, in Kelly’s Crispin, a dealer in Paris, at Boulevard Directory, i860. The census return for 18 6 1 lists Beaumarchais, is recorded by the collector Lady Joseph Curt as aged 55 and a ‘professor of 84 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

languages' at 33 Great Portland Street; the premises were also occupied by Samuel Lea (q.v.) “Foreign China Dealer’, aged 7 1. Curt was an associate of the British Archaeological Association in the 1840s and 1850s, listing his address as 65 Lisle Street and he exhibited some Roman coins at the Association in 18 47. Curt is recorded as the buyer at least 3 1 lots (all coins and medals) at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘Roman Imperial coins’ (lot 62, 9* day, £2.5.0.); ‘a five-guinea piece,1668, very fine’ (lot 148 , 91,1 day, £6.15.0.), and ‘a collection of 475 copper and 1 1 silver coins, of the Popes and Cardinals, by the Hameranis and other celebrated artists’, (lot 10 3, io 0’ day, £32.0.0.0). Curt was listed as a guarantor in the sum of £10 0 for the International Exhibition in London in 1862. ‘Mr Joseph Curt, of London, Antiquary and Numismatist, established since 18 3 8 ’ of 12 5 Great Portland Street, advertised in July 18 5 7 that he had ‘just completed the catalogue of Monsieur Pierre Rollin’s Antique Glass, the finest and most complete private collection in Paris; also the catalogue of Monsieur Herpin’s most select and valuable Roman Coins.’ In the same advertisement Curt also announced that he took commissions ‘executed in Paris, where M r Curt goes regularly once a month...’ [H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841).]

C U TTER , W. D. W.D. Cutter is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer and curiosity dealer’ at 36 Great Russell Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. W.D. Cutter is recorded as the buyer of a small number of lots at the auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a large cameo, with three heads in profile’ (lot 216 6 , £7.0.0.). 8? IB DANIEL, Peter Craven Street. Prior to Davies moving to 41 Peter Daniel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 42 Craven Street the premises were recorded as Union Street, Great Titchfield Street, London, in occupied by James Bruere, Wine and Brandy Pigot’s Directory, 1839. Merchant in 18 17 . The Davies firm was later operated by John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) following DANLOS his marriage to Sarah Davies late in 1824 or early Danlos was a well-known art dealer in Paris in the 18 2 5 and by January 1826, John Coleman Isaac 1860s to the 1890s, and is also recorded as buyer is registered as trading from 4 1 Craven Street. at many, mainly picture, auctions over the period. Isaac moved the business to 12 Wardour Street in Danlos &c Holloway are listed as buyers at the April 1829. Gabriel Davies was born in Germany auction of M r Palmer’s Collection of engravings, in C1760 and died 5* October 18 38 , apparently of sold at Sotheby’s in 1868 and Danlos is recorded consumption, after 'an illness of three months’. as a purchaser at the sale of Andrew Fountaine’s Gabriel lived in Germany, with periodic visits collection, sold at Christie’s in 1884 and at the to London and his son Henry Abraham Davies Duke of Buccleuch’s collection at Christie’s in ran the London shop with his sister Sarah. Sarah London in 1887. Danlos is also recorded as the was also born in Germany in <1793 and died buyer of at least 8 lots at the auction sale of i8 ,h in February 1875. Abraham Davies wrote century watercolours from the collection of the confidently to his father Gabriel in 18 12 that ‘my Goncourt brothers at Hotel Drouot in February name in London is good for £5000’. 1897, including ‘an interior study of Roman In 1 8 1 7 , the Davies family advertised an ruins, by Hubert Robert’ (lot 252, jooff) and ‘a exhibition of armour at 20 Brook Street, portrait of a young woman, by Greuze’ (lot 119 , admission 1 shilling, which was held in the shop 6ooff). In an auction report published in 1883, of the armour dealer Thomas Gwenapp (q.v.) and The Times records that ‘M.Danlos’ was ‘one of Davies purchased ancient arms and armour at the great dealers of the Continent’. Christie’s sale of the effects of ‘M r Gwenapp’ on 4,h April 18 2 1. The Davies family disposed of a DANTZIGER, Jacob Wolf & James W considerable quantity of ancient arms and armour Jacob Dantziger is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 35 and curiosities at an auction at The Egyptian Wardour Street, London, in the Post Office Hall, Piccadilly, owned by William Bullock (q.v.) Directory for 1829 and James W. Dantziger as a in April 18 2 1. ‘S.Davies & Co’ (obviously Sarah) ‘working jeweller’ at 35 Wardour Street in 18 32. 4 1 Craven Street, advertised on May 28,h 18 22 J.W. Dantziger is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 29 that they had ‘just imported a most splendid and Wardour Street in Robson’s London Directory, rare collection of ancient armour, consisting of 1839 and in Pigot’s Directory, 1840 and 1844. In several suits cap-a-pie...a most curious and 1849 Jacob W Dantziger is listed as ‘dealer in interesting collection of models, from originals, in ancient coins’ at 29 Wardour Street. Jacob Armour, consisting of 15 Figures on Horse and Dantziger is listed as ‘jeweller’ at 29 Wardour Foot, representing a German Tournament, in Street in 18 5 2 (figure 10). ‘Dantzigger’ was which the Emperor Frederick III challenged the recorded as buying ‘a rude ring, of silver, chased Duke of Burgundy - carvings in ivory and wood, with the representation of a hand and ornaments’ stained glass....and other articles of vertu.’ (lot 136 9 , £0.6.0.) at auction sale of the collection Henry Abraham Davies appears to have of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 55. established trading relationships with several significant collectors; he sold several suits of DAVIES, Gabriel, Henry and Sarah armour to the Duke of Rutland, for Belvoir The Davies family were curiosity dealers trading Castle, Rutland and also sold large quantities of from 4 1 Craven Street, London in the 1810 s and ancient armour and curiosities to Sir Samuel 1820s. The Davies family were trading from at Rush Meyrick (1783-1848) of Upper Cadogan least 1 8 1 2 and from the 4 1 Craven Street address Place prior to the construction of Meyrick’s from at least November 18 17 . In directories of country house, Goodrich Court, Herefordshire 18 19 , 18 22, 18 26 and 1829 the Davies family (commenced a 827). The Davies family also sold business is listed as ‘Davies & Co. Merchants’, 4 1 considerable quantities of ancient armour and 86 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

curiosities to many other collectors including Street, Haymarket, London, is listed in the Post General Sir John Murray (1768-1827), 8* Office Directories as trading between 18 19 and Baronet of Dunerne and the Rev John Dymoke 18 23. (d.1873) of Scrivelsby Court, Homcastle, as well as many prominent dealers such as William Foster DAVIS, Frederick, Charles & Joseph (q.v:), Robert Fogg (q.v.), John Swaby (q.v.), Dom Frederick Davis was trading as a dealer by the Colnaghi (q.v.), and Charles Askew (q.v.). 1850s and is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at too Henry Abraham Davies died before June in 18 2 2 New Bond Street, London, in i860 . The census when ‘M r Smallbone’, advertised an auction, the returns for 18 6 1 record Frederick Davis resident ‘entire property of the late M r Davis [sic], an at 100 New Bond Street, an ‘importer of Works of eminent collector, deceased’, on the premises at 4 1 Art’ aged 35 and bom in London, together with Craven Street on June 6* and -jA 18 22. The his wife Elizabeth aged 3 7 and their five collection included ‘ancient armour, comprising daughters and two sons, all under 10 years of age. several suits of the most elegant form and exquisite Frederick Davis was listed as a contributor to the workmanship of the 13 * and 16* centuries, costly ‘Museum of Ornamental Art’ at the Manchester weapons in cross bows, guns, swords, pistols, Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 5 7 and at the halberds, pikes; rare specimens of Dresden china, Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the carvings in ivory and wood, antique cabinets, and South Kensington Museum in 186 2. F. Davis Esq bronzes....splendid china jars, an elegant India also contributed a ‘Limoges Enamel Candlestick screen...’ Another auction sale of armour sale by Jean Courtois’, a ‘Limoges Ewer by P. belonging to ‘H.A. Davies’ took place on 6* June Reymond’, ‘two White Dresden China Storks, life 18 22, the auction included the ‘fluted suits of the size’, a ‘very fine terra cotta bust of a laughing Dukes of Leiningen and Lacklen.’ satyr by Clodion’, and 25 pieces of ‘Old Sevres [John Coleman Isaac archive, M SijpfAJyj, Hartley Library, China’, at the National Exhibition of Works of University of Southampton; Francis Cripps-Day, A R eco rd o f Art at Leeds in 1868. Frederick Davis and his son Armour Sales 1881-1924 (1915), p. Ixvi; Edward Joy, ‘John Coleman Isaac: an early nineteenth-century London antique Charles were in St Petersburg in 1866 where they dealer’, Connoisseur, December 1961, pp. 241-244; Martin Levy bought the so-called Tilsit’ Table, (made *1763 by Be Elaine Moss, ‘John Coleman Isaac, “ Importer of Curiosities", Rene Dubois) together with its associated Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.14, issue 1, (2002), pp. cartomtier and inkstand from Prince Kourakin 97- i 14.] and sold it to the 4* Marquess of Hertford in 186 7; the suite remains at the Wallace Collection DAVIES, Isaac in London. Frederick Davis also bought a French Isaac Davies is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 530 commode ‘with mounts by Gouthiere’ which he Oxford Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 186 5. purchased from Lord Conyngham in the 1860s. Frederick Davis also sold a large number of pieces DAVIES, R of maiolica to the collector Sir Richard Wallace in R. Davies, silver dealer, goldsmith and jeweller of 18 72 , including six pieces that he had bought York Street, Portman Square, London, was from the auction sale of the dealer Alessandro trading in the 1810 s and into the 1820s. He is Castellani (q.v.) in M ay 18 7 1. Frederick Davis is mentioned by the collector William Beckford listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 47 Pall Mall in Kelly's (176 0 -18 4 4 ), who ridiculed the activities of Directory 1882. The writer Herbert Byng-Hall Davies, recording in his diary, 22 January 18 19 , mentions Davies [sic] of Pall Mall as a reputable “Enter ‘Magnus Berg’ Davies with a salver of dealer in china in 1868; Byng-Hall also writes beaten silver etc-la, la’, a reference to the ‘Magnus that ‘Messers Joseph Davis of Bond Street’ often Berg’ cup now in the Royal collections (RCIN travelled to St. Petersburg in search of objets 50554)- [Beckford archive, MS Beckford, Bodleian Library', Oxford; Boyd d’drt. Frederick Davis was also listed amongst the Alexander; (ed.), Life at Fonthill 1807-1812, with interludes in buyers at the auction sale of the collection of Paris and London, from the correspondence o f William Beckford, Ralph Bemal (1783-1834) in 1835. (i9 J 7). P- 272; Bet Macleod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Frederick Davis was the nephew of the dealer Collector’, in Derek Ostergard, (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, p. Isaac Falcke (q.v.). Frederick’s son Charles 265.I compiled a catalogue of the works of art belonging to Alfred de Rothschild in 1884. ‘Fred DAVIS, Charles Davis’ was a member of the syndicate active at the Charles Davies ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 29 Panton Fountaine collection sale at Christie’s in 1884; the DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 87

syndicate was formed to acquire objects from the Wedgwood, the catalogue of which was written by Fountaine sale in order to offer them to the South the dealer Frederick Rathbone (q.v.). Kensington Museum and the British Museum, [Catalogue o f the Art Treasures of the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1837 (1857), p. 176; John Charles Robinson, members included aristocracy and leading Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition o f Works o f Art...on Loan at collectors and dealers. Fred Davis is also recorded the South Kensington Museum, (1861); Catalogue o f the National as the buyer of 1 1 lots at the Fountaine sale 1884, Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 221, p. 267, p. including ‘a pair of [Palissy ware] Ewers’ (lot 98 268; Herbert Byng Hall, The Adventures o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), p. 80, p. 93; Charles Davis, Descriptions o f the Works o f £840.0.0); ‘an oblong [Palissy ware] Plaque, with Art Forming the Collection o f Alfred de Rothschild, (1 volumes), a seated female figure, emblematic of water’ (lot (1884); George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols), passim; Ralph 2 4 1 £761.5.0.) - (photographed in the catalogue), Nevill (ed.) Leaves from the Note-Books o f Lady Dorothy Net-ill, and ‘an Urbino Pilgrim Bottle [painted with] (1907), pp. 209-11; Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, Pluto and Proserpine’ (lot 376 £336.0.0.) - volum e II, (1963), passim; Geoffrey de Bellaigue, Catalogue o f the Rothschild Collections at Waddesdon, Furniture, Clocks and Gilt photographed in the catalogue. Charles Davis Bronzes, (2 vols), (1974), vol.i, p. 10; Ann Eatwell, ‘Lever as a was also an active buyer at the Fountaine Collector of Wedgwood, and the fashion for collecting Wedgwood auction sale and is recorded as the buyer of in the nineteenth-century’. Journal o f the History o f Collections, 5 lots, including a Limoges enamel ‘Oval Plaque vol.4, no.2, 1992, pp. 239-236; Amin Jaffer, Furniture from British India and Ceylon, (2001), p. 130; Suzanne Higgort, ‘Sir [painted with] Apollo and the Muses, by Susanne Richard Wallace’s maiolica’. Journal o f the History o f Collections, Court’ (lot 290 £105.0.0.) - (ex Bernal sale vol.15, no.i, (2003), pp. 39-82, p. 61-62.] (18 55) lot 150 5); ‘an Urbino Dish [painted with] the three graces in a landscape’ (lot 3 14 D EACO N , Charles £49.7.0.), and a Limoges enamel ‘Large Oval Deacon was an auctioneer listed at 2 Berners Dish, subject “ Feast of the Gods” , signed J.C .’ Street in 18 30 and also in 18 4 1 6c 1844. Deacon’s (lot 444 £38.17.0.). saleroom was regularly used as a means of At the sale of Lord Londesborough’s Collection at disposing of objects and for purchases by Christie’s in July 1888 ‘C. Davis’ is recorded as members of the antique and curiosity trade, the purchaser of ‘a pair of stirrups of metal gilt, including the dealers John Coleman Isaac (q.v.), chased with figures’ (£73.10 .0 .); ‘A saddle Edward and George Hull (q.v.), Samuel and covered with plates of steel’ (£73.10.0.), and ‘a Henry Pratt (q.v.) and many other dealers in the pair of bronze canons, embellished with hunting period. trophies’ (£131.6.0 .). C. Davis is also listed (John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJyy, ‘waste book’, no.467. amongst the purchasers at the auction of the Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] Stefano Bardini (q.v.) collection in June 1899, buying a ‘Champleve enamel censer...’ D EAR, Charles (£115.0.0.). Frederick Davis is recorded as the Charles Dear is listed as ‘bookseller, picture dealer buyer of at least 9 1 lots at the auction sale of the and curiosity dealer’ at 28 New Street, Covent contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a Garden, London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. portrait of Henrietta Lothoringa, by Van Dyck’ (lot 18, £2100.0.0.); ‘a Chinese pink enamelled DEBEGER, Charles Andrew eggshell vase’ (lot 108, £ 53.11.0 .); ‘a Chippendale Charles Debeger, ‘broker and dealer in china and table’ (lot 1290, £60.18.0.), and ‘a Louis XIV glass’ is recorded in the records of the Sun Fire Secretaire with the monogram of Marie Office at 29 Wardour Street, London, in 18 3 1. Antionette’ (lot 129 7, £9450.0.0.) - illustrated in Debeger is listed as ‘furniture broker’ at 34 the catalogue. Wardour Street in Robson’s London Directory, Charles Davis also negotiated the sale of the Lord 18 3 9 ,18 4 0 ,18 4 4 /4 5 and 1849. At a court case at Tweedmouth (1820-1894) collection of Wedgwood the Old Bailey on 1 “ February 1836 , Debeger ceramics to Lord Lever in 1894 (the collection (a witness) stated, that he was ‘a silversmith’, remains at the Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight, and lived ‘at no.34 Wardour Street’. Charles Liverpool). Frederick and Charles Davis of Bond Debeger is listed as ‘appraiser’ at 34 Wardour Street sold a suite of ebony furniture to the Duke of Street in 18 52. Norfolk in 1898. Frederick Davis 8c Son, ‘fine art [www.oldbaileyonline.org.] dealer’ is listed at 47 Pall Mall in Kelly’s Directory, 1893 and at 14 7 New Bond Street in 1899. Charles DELAHANTE, Alexis Davis was trading 14 7 New Bond Street in 1905, Alexis Delahante (d .1837) was a prominent when he displayed the Tweedmouth Collection of picture dealer trading initially in Paris, but left 88 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

around the time of the Revolution, settling in week there arrived here 3 French Dealers, one Mr London and is recorded trading from Great D’lange, who buys everything.’ Delange was also Marlborough Street in 1 8 13 . There was a sale of active at the Soltikoff auction sale in 18 6 1, his collection of paintings at Phillips, on 3 d and 4* purchasing the Saint Hubert Crozier, which was June 18 14 and he returned to Paris in 18 15 . later acquired by the South Kensington museum Delahante appears to have continued to trade in 18 9 2 (V & A 6 6 5 -18 9 2 ). Delange is also after returning to Paris; he is recorded as the recorded as a judge at the Paris Universal buyer of ‘The Dropsical Woman, by Gerard Dow’ Exhibition in 1867. (£147) and ‘The Poultry Market, by Jan Steen’ [John Coleman Isaac archive, A ISrjyM Jyj, 00.98, Hanley (£173), at the auction sale of the contents of Library, University- of Southampton; V&A Library, Cole Papers. B a x XVI-, J.GRobinson, Catalogue o f the Soulages Collection Fonthill in 18 2 3 , and he supplied £500 of ‘sundry (1856), p. 198; d ive Wainwright, (edited for publication by carved panels for rooms’ for Windsor Castle in Charlotte Gere), "The Making of the South Kensington Museum 1826. Delahante also supplied several pieces of III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, French furniture to George IV, including a volume 14, no.i, 2002, pp. 45-61, p. 47, p. 56; d ive Wainwright. (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The Staking of the porcelain-mounted side table by Louis-Fran^oise South Kensington Museum IV: Relationships with the trade: Webb Bellange in 18 2 2 , which was later given to Lady and Bardini’, ib id , pp. 63-78, p. 68.] Conyngham. [George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2. vols.), voI.II, p. 288, p. 195, DENCH, John p. 318; W. Roberts, Memorials o f Christie's: a record o f art sales John Dench is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 2 from 1766 to 1896, (1897), U v°k). voUl, p. 73, p. 74, p. 148; Hugh Roberts, ‘Quite appropriate for Windsor castle' George IV Clarence Place, London, in i860, and at 185 and George Watson Taylor’, Furniture History, vol.XXXVI, Camberwell Road in Kelly's Directory, 1882. (1000), pp. 115 - 13 7 , p. 118 ; John Harris, M o vin g Rooms: the trade in architectural salvage, (1007), p. 60; Getty Provenance D ESCH RYVER, Francois Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu] Francis Deschryver is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 3 Great Newport Street, London, in DELAMOTTE Pigot's London Directory, 1839 and 1840. Delamotte was a dealer trading at 18 Rue Jean Deschryver appears to have come to England Jacques Rousseau in Paris in 18 19 . He supplied from Belgium and is regularly recorded as a the collector William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) with purchaser and seller of paintings in Brussels works of art in the opening decades of the during the 1820s and 1830s and at Fosters (q.v.) nineteenth-century. Delamotte is recorded as a auction rooms in London from 18 34 . Deschryver purchaser of paintings in the Paris auction rooms appears to have acted as bidding agent for the during 1 8 16 -18 19 . London dealer Henry’ Farrer (q.v.) in the Belgian [Beckford archive, AI5 B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet Macleod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Derek auction rooms - he bought a painting by Teniers Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the ‘View old Flanders’ (7500^) on behalf of Farrer at magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, p. 165; Getty Provenance Index an auction in Ghent on 6* June 18 35. Deschryver Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] died, ‘after a short, but severe illness’ on 25* June, 18 4 1, aged 46, his stock was sold at auction in 18 4 1 - at this auction Charles Scarisbrick bought DELANGE, Carle a ‘Gothic panel in two pieces’ and a small shrine Carle Delange was a curiosity dealer trading at 5 and some Gothic fragments. The auction Quai Voltaire in Paris in the 1850s. John Charles catalogue of 18 4 1 described him as ‘many years an Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) of the South Kensington importer, the late M r F Deschryver’. Museum noted in 18 54 that Delange’s prices were The last will and testament of ‘ Franciscus ‘somewhat high, but he is a most respectable Adrianus Deschryver’ (Prob 11/19 4 8) proved 17 * dealer.’ John Charles Robinson wrote that July 18 4 1, records his address as 3 Newport Delange had written to him in 18 53 & 18 55 Street, St Martins Lane, and lists Samuel Pratt commenting on the painted marks on Italian (q.v.) and Edward Hull (q.v.) as witnesses. On 16* maiolica. In 18 5 6 Delange supplied a terracotta September 18 4 1, Mrs Deschryver gave birth to a plaque depicting the Last Supper to the South daughter, ‘a posthumous child’ (The Times Kensington Museum, (V & A 39 8 6 -18 56 ), now 22/9/1841). attributed to della Robbia. [Scarisbrick archive, DDSC 7S/4. (t) , (t o ), Lancashire County In October 18 5 7 the dealer John Coleman Isaac Record Office; Getty Provenance Index Databases, (q.v.) wrote from Venice to his wife Sarah; ‘ last www.piweb.getty.edu.] DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS 89

DESVIGNES, Henry (Hubert) Elise London, in 18 3 2 and as ‘dealer in casts of seals Henry Desvignes is listed as ‘diamond merchants’ and coins’ at the same address in Pigot’s at 2 Golden Square, London, in Pigot’s Directory, Directory, 1839 . Doubleday was called as witness 1839 and as ‘picture restorer’ at 8 Wardour Street in a trial at the Old Bailey, on 4th January 18 4 1, in 1840 and at 22 Newman Street in Kelly’s where he stated ‘I belong to the British Museum, Directory, i860. in the department of antiquities.’ According to his obituary (Gentlemen’s Magazine, vol.xlv (new DEW, George series), January to June 1856), Doubleday worked George Dew is recorded as a ‘dealer in curiosities’ in the Department of Antiquities at the British in Hertford in the 1830s. The Gentleman’s Museum for over 19 years and prior to this, had Magazine, April 1830 recorded the Dew had ‘for ‘established himself in private business as a sale, a singular wooden tankard....dated 16 10 ’, copyist of coins, medals and ancient seals’ and he with ‘principal ornaments [of] two armorial died on 25th January 1856 , aged 57. achievements; one, that of the King, with the [John Doubleday, A Descriptive Catalogue o f the Ancient British initials I.R.’ and Roman Coins with remarks on the same, (1848); O ld B ailey IGentleman's Magazine, April 1830, p. 351.] Online, www.oldbaileyonline.org.]

DICKINSON, George D O VESTON, George George Dickinson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at George Doveston is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 4 44 Tabernacle Walk, London, in the Post Office Berkeley Square, London, in the Post Office Directory for 18 32. Directory for 1826.

D IETRICHSEN, Lionel DREY Lionel Dietrichsen is recorded in the records of Drey is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading in the Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 78 Munich in 1863 by Henry Cole (1808-1882) of Newman Street, Oxford Street, London, in 1828. the South Kensington Museum, and as a good He was still trading from 78 Newman Street in prospective source for objects. The collector Lady 1844 when he was involved as a witness, in a case Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) also mentioned of theft {The Times, 26th March, 1844). Drey as a dealer trading in Munich in the 1860s and 1870s. Lady Schreiber records that Drey’s DINA, Giuseppe was ‘The great curiosity shop in Munich,’ which Giuseppe Dina is recorded by the dealer John had 'very good things, but is very dear’. She Coleman Isaac (q.v.) as a curiosity dealer trading purchased a small Meissen beaker from Drey in Venice in Italy in the mid nineteenth-century. In (purchased as ‘Venetian’) in 1869. September 18 5 7 Isaac wrote; ‘I have just offered [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, (19 11); Clive Waimvright, (edited for publication by Charlotte M r Dina £45 for a lot, including a very fine Dish Gere), ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: inlaid with Silver.’ Dina is also know to have sold Collecting Abroad’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume maiolica, glass and enamels to the collector 14, no.i, zooi, pp. 45-61, p. j j .[ Thomas Gambier Parry (18 16 -18 8 8 ) during the 1850s and 1860s. DUKES, William Arthur [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Siyy/AJsj, no.93, Hartley William Arthur Dukes is listed as ‘curiosity Library, University of Southampton.] dealer’ at 48 Broad Street, Bloomsbury, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. DIRKSEN Dirksen was a dealer in The Hague, Netherlands; D UNFORD, James the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber James Dunford (17 8 4 -18 5 4 ) is listed as ‘picture (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought ‘a splendid group in Derby dealer’ at 16 Great Newport Street, London, in biscuit of Cupid killing Hydra’ from Dirksen in Pigot’s Directory, 1839 . Christie &c Manson sold October 18 73. [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, the ‘whole collection of capital pictures of M r (19 11), vol.i, p. 219.] Dunford, of Newport Street, deceased, on April 28* 18 55 . The collection included ‘the Worship of DOUBLEDAY, John the Golden Calf, and a classical Landscape, a pair John Doubleday (17 9 9 -18 5 6 ) is listed as of important works by Niccolo Poussin; Jupiter ‘curiosity dealer’ at 5 Hyde Street, Bloomsbury, and Danae by Reubens; a fine portrait of the 9 ° DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Duke of Parma by Van Dyck; a fine composition and ‘a man’s portrait by Holbein’ (lot 228, 22** by Wouvermans, from the Pourtales Collection... day, £18 .18 .). Durlacher is also recorded as the important works of Wilson, Gainsborough, Sir J. buyer of at least 54 lots at the auction sale of the Reynolds...’ In December 18 3 5 Dunsford insured collection of Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March two paintings by the artist Claude for £200; the 1855, including ‘Sir Thomas More’s pantings were on the premises of the dealer Henry candlesticks...under the foot is inscribed “ Sir Farrer (q.v.) at 14 Wardour Street. Dunford died Thomas More, Knight, 1552" (lot 1305, on 27d‘ August 18 54 aged 70 years. £ 232.1.0 . illustrated in the catalogue); ‘a beautiful [Jacob Simon, Directory of British Picture Restorers, 1630-1950, coffee pot, Karl Theodore, with a sleeping nymph www.nationalportraitgalleryonline.ori;] and bacchanals, and borders of flowers’ (lot 369, DURLACHER, Henry, Henry Jnr 8c George £20.0.0.); a Raphael ware ‘dish with Hero and Henry Durlacher Junior is listed as a ‘picture Leander, singularly treated...and inscription dealer’ at 1 3 1 Regent Street, London, in Kelly’s “ F.Xanto a da Rovigo Urbino 1532." (lot 1896, Directory, 1846. In 18 5 7 Henry Durlacher is £33.0.0.); ‘a battle-axe, with steel shaft, engraved recorded to have leased 1 1 3 New Bond Street for with a harp’ (lot 2 334 , £6.12.6.), and ‘an oblong a period of 2 1 years at £ 350 p. a. The census table of Fine Old Marqueterie’ (lot 4 1 3 7 , returns for 18 6 1 record Henry Durlacher resident £76.0.0.). Durlacher also acted as agent for Duke at 1 1 3 New Bond Street, aged 35, bom in St. of Hamilton at the Bemal auction. James Westminster, with his wife Adelaide aged Henry Durlacher is known to have sold maiolica, 30. According to their own history, the firm of glass, enamels and ‘Veneto-sarascenic’ metalware Durlacher was founded in 18 4 3. Lewis Durlacher, to the collector Thomas Gambier Party (perhaps a relative?) is listed as a ‘picture dealer’ ( 18 16 -18 8 8 ) during the 1850 s and 1860s. at 15 Old Burlington Street, when he was Durlacher is also recorded as purchaser of several recorded as bankrupt in July 1842. Lewis also objects at the auction sale of the collection of appears to have been a chiropodist, trading from Henry Farrer (q.v.) in June 1866. H. Durlacher is 15 Old Burlington Street (he was appointed to the recorded as the buyer of at least 6 lots at the list of Physicians in Ordinary in 18 37) and was auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in ‘chiropodist to his Majesty’ and author of ‘A 1882, including ‘an equestrian portrait of Charles Treatise on Corns’ (1850). Murray Marks (q.v.) I by Van Dyck’ (lot 32, £997.10.0.), and ‘a was in partnership with the firm in the 1870s, Limoges enamel tablet’ (lot 963, £ 18 3.15.0 .). when they traded at 395 Oxford Street. In 1885 Durlacher is also recorded as the purchaser of Marks 8c Durlacher moved to 23 A Bond Street several articles at the sale of the dealer Bardini and by 18 8 7 they had moved to 14 2 New Bond (q.v.) in June 1899, including ‘a Gubbio lustre Street and Marks’ name was dropped from the dish, signed “ Maestro Georgio” and dated 15 2 4 ’ firm. Henry Durlacher, ‘art dealer’ is listed at 7 (£600.0.0.), and ‘a statute of Hercules holding a King Street in Kelly’s Directory, 18 79 and 1880. club’ (£120.0.0). Durlacher was also active at the Durlacher Brothers are listed at 14 2 New Bond Bardini (q.v.) auction sale in M ay 1902 where he Street in 19 10 and by the 1920s R. Kirk Askew is recorded as buying ‘a group of Samson slaying (19 0 3-19 74 ) had joined the firm to manage the the Philistines, Florentine, 16 * century’ (lot 64, newly established New York branch of the firm. £1200.0.0. illustrated in the catalogue), and ‘a George Augustus Durlacher (11859-1942) is large figure of a child by Verocchio’ (lot 588, recorded at 395 Bond Street in the 18 8 1 Census. £1200.0.0. also illustrated in the catalogue). Durlacher is listed as buyer and seller at a number The 4* Marquess of Hertford is said to have of London picture auctions during the period declined to purchase a Sevres Tink Vase’ from M r 1 8 3 1 - 1 8 3 7 and is recorded as a regular buyer at Durlacher in 18 6 1, despite the fact that it was the many of the most significant auction sales in the ‘finest’ he had ever seen. Lord Hertford’s second half of the i9 ,fc century. ‘Henry Durlacher illegitimate son, Sir Richard Wallace (18 18 -18 9 0 ) jun.’ is recorded amongst the buyers at the did buy objects from Henry Durlacher in the auction of the contents of Stowe in 1848, buying 1860s and 1870s, including the ‘Londonderry a total of 1 1 lots, including ‘a beautiful vase of Cabinet’ in 1869, (Wallace Collection F390), rock-crystal, formed as a shell’ (lot 10 8 2, several pieces of maiolica and Palissv ware in £25.0.0.), which was illustrated in H. R. Forster’s 18 7 2 and a maiolica wine cooler with the derice Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated, (1848) of Cosimo I de’ Medici for £4000.0.0. in 18 7 5 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

(Wallace Collection C107). ‘Mr Durlacher’ D U VEEN , Joseph, Henry, Charles & James purchased ‘the rare “ Oliphant” 15 * century ivory’ Joseph Joel Duveen senior (18 4 3-19 0 8) (later Sir hunting horn’ at the auction sale of Lord Joseph) was of Dutch origin and travelled to Londesborough’s collection at Christie’s in England in *1864 to work for the firm of London in July 1888 - at £1,071.0.0. it was the Dumouriex and Gostchalk (produce importers) in highest price for any object in the sale - the Hull, Yorkshire. Duveen set up a shop with hunting horn was said to have been sold by Bernard Barnett (<7.11) at 49 Waterworks in Hull Durlacher to the collector George Salting in 1868, marrying Barnett’s daughter Rosetta in (1835-1909). 1869. The partnership was dissolved in 1876. Joel Durlacher owned the lower part of the cross by Joseph Duveen is listed as ‘importer of antiquities’ Valerio Belli (14 6 8 -154 6 ), which eventually was at 49 Waterworks Street, Hull and with sold by the dealers Henry Farrer (q.v.) and John ‘warehouses’ at Ocean Place, Anlaby Road and Webb {q.v.) to the South Kensington Museum. Silvester Street, Hull in Kelly’s Directory, 1879. By Durlacher was a subscriber for The Stowe 1880 Duveen had moved to London and Joel Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848), when he Joseph Duveen is listed as ‘antique furniture was recorded at Brook Street, Hanover Square. dealer and curiosity' dealer’ at 18 1 Oxford Street Henry' Durlacher was a member of the Founraine in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. Joseph’s brother, Henry’ auction sale syndicate in 1884 and ‘Messrs Duveen (18 5 5 -19 18 ), opened an an and antiques Durlacher’ are recorded as having loaned objects gallery’ in Boston, USA in 1876 and had moved to to the ‘Museum of Ornamental Art’ at the New York in 1879 . The Duveen brothers sold to Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 57. all the major art collectors in America and Europe Henry’ Durlacher was listed as a contributor to during the second half of the nineteenth-century’. the Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the James Duveen, the nephew of Joseph Duveen South Kensington Museum in 186 2 and also senior, opened J.M . Duveen Sc Son art and loaned a 4 pieces of ‘Persian Ware’ and ‘a pair of antique dealers at 47 Bold Street, Liverpool in the Lofty Cloisonne Enamel Pilgrim’s Bottle’ to the late nineteenth-century and sold oriental National Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in porcelain to Lord Lever in the early twentieth- 1868. George Durlacher was Hon Secretary to the century'. Green Room Club in London and was presented ‘J.J. Duveen’ is recorded as the buyer of at least 12 with a silver tea set and salver on May 20'*“ 1883 lots at the auction sale of the contents of in recognition of his service to the Club. George Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘an ebony Durlacher retired in 19 38 and R. Kirk Askew terminal pedestal’ (lot 19 3, £16.16.0 ); ‘a Naples became the owner of the firm in 19 37 and ran the cup and saucer’ (lot 18 6 2, £8.18.6) and ‘a business until <1969. In April 19 38, Christie’s sold tapestry', illustrating Tasso, by p. Ferloni’ (lot the remaining property’ of George Durlacher, Esq 1923, £267.15.0.). ‘last surviving partner of Messrs Durlacher Bros’. Duveen Bros are listed as ‘antique furniture Alexander Durlacher, 15 Old Bond Street, ‘dealer dealers’ at 21 Old Bond Street in Kelly’s Directory, in antique furniture’, died on 19* November 1899. The most famous member of the family was 1896, his will dared July 1 1 * 1896 valued his the art dealer Joseph Duveen jnr (18 70 -19 39 ) estate at £ 6 0 ,313. (later 1 “ Lord Duveen) who was the primary' [Catalogue o f the Art Treasures o f the United Kingdom collected member of the dealing operations from C1907. at Manchester in tSyy (1857), p. 176; John Charles Robinson, Catalogue of the Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art...on Joseph Duveen’s brother, Charles Joel Duveen is Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (186a); Catalogue o f the listed as ‘fine art dealer’ at 2 Haymarket in Sational Exhibition of Works o f Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 288; Kelly’s Directory’, 1899; Charles J.Duveen also George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), passim; Byron established a business in C1903 at 27 Sc 29 Brook Webber; James Orrock, R.I., Painter, Connoisseur, Collector, (2 vols.), (1903), vol.2, p. 19 1; George Williamson, Murray Marks Street, London trading in ‘Old Georgian and his friends, (1919); Durbcher Bros, Eighty Five years of mantelpieces’. Henry’ Duveen bought several Dealing: a short record o f Durtacher Brothers tS a j-tfiy , (1928); pieces of Sevres and Dresden china from the Gerald Reitlingez, The Economics o f Taste, volume II, (1963), p. dealer Edwin Marriott Hodgkins {q.v.) in 1886, 132-33; John Ingamells, (ed.), The Hertford Mauson Letters, (19S1), p. 13 1; d ive Wainwright, ‘Curiosities to Fine Art, Bond when his address is recorded as ‘46 Holbom Street's First Dealers’, Country Life, 29* May 1986, pp. 1328-29; Viaduct’. Suzanne Higgott, “Sir Richard Wallace’s maioloca*. Journal o f the [Duveen Brothers archive, (1876-198 1), 1397-740, Getty History o f Collections, vol.i3,no.i,(2oo3),pp. 39-83,pp. 61-62; Research Instirute, California; J.H. Duveen, The Rise o f the House Getty Provenance Index databases. wKvv.piweb.cetrv.edu.I o f D u veen . Iiq st): Gerald Reitlincec. The Economies o f Taste. 92. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

volum e II, (1963), passim; Colin Simpson, The Partnership: the secret association of Bernard Berenson and Joseph Duveen, (1987); Meryle Secrest, D u veen : a life in art, (2004); Harris, John, Moving Rooms: The Trade in ArMtectural Salvage, (2007), p. 102.]

DUX Dux is recorded as a dealer and agent trading from Hanover, who sold many objects to the South Kensington Museum in the 1860s. Henry Cole (18 0 8 -18 8 2 ) and Samuel and Richard Redgrave of the museum both made purchases from Dux in Hanover in October 186 3; they record the purchase of a ‘silver large Tankard’ (£150.0.0.) - (V & A 90 30 -186 3) and a silver dish (£30.0.0.) - (V&A 9031-1863). However, John Charles Robinson ( 18 2 4 -19 13 ) of the South Kensington Museum often questioned the authenticity of objects that Dux sold. Robinson recorded that he had returned a mounted nautilus shell sent over to the museum by Dux in the 1 860s, The precious (object) is described by M r Dux as an ancient work. This piece is however, entirely modern, it belongs to a class of spurious fabrications...... I have no doubt that Herr Dux is perfectly aware of the real character of these objects...’. [Anna Somers Cocks, The Victoria and Albert Museum: the making of the Collection, (1980), p. 10; Helen Davies, ’John Charles Robinson’s work at the South Kensington Museum, Pan II - from 1863 to 1867: consolidation and conflict’. Jo u rn a l o f the History o f Collections, vol.11, no.i, 1999, pp. 9 5 -113 , p. m ; Clive Wainwrightj (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), *The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, 2002, pp. 45- 6 i . P- 55-1 93 € EDKINS, William The firm are known to have put their stamp William Edkins was a dealer in old china and ‘EDWARDS & ROBERTS’ on many pieces of old glass trading from Charlotte Street, Bristol from furniture that they sold. the 1860s. Edkins was the grandson of Michael [Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, (1996).] Edkins, a china-painter, working at the Bristol China Factor)' in the eighteenth-century and who EDWIN, James is also recorded as the purchaser of some ancient James Edwin is listed as ‘tea & ancient furniture stained glass at the Fonthill auction on dealer’ at 9 Bath Road, Bristol in Hunt’s October 182.3 on behalf of the Corporation of Directory for 18 50 and as a ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at London. The glass was installed in the Lord 9 Bath Road, Bristol in Matthew’s Directory for Mayor’s Chapel. 18 5 1. William Edkins loaned several articles to the National Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in EGGER, H 1868, including an ‘Anglo-Saxon Fibula’, a H Egger is recorded as a curiosity dealer with ‘Romano-British, Circular Enamelled Bronze shops in Vienna and Paris. In 1890 he is listed at Fibula’; 5 specimens of 18'*' century Bristol glass; Opering, Vienna. ‘H. Egger’ is recorded as the a ‘set of Old English Silver Tea Caddies 8c Sugar buyer of ‘a figure of the Virgin, enamelled in Basin’ and about 2.0 pieces of English porcelain. colours’ (lot 844, £3.13.6 .) at the auction sale of Edkins also presented a considerable number of the contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882. ‘D. objects to the British Museum between 18 76 and Egger’ is recorded as a purchaser of 4 lots at the 1891. A.W. Franks (1826-1897) curator of auction sale of the Andrew Fountaine collection Antiquities at the British Museum, presented in 1884, including ‘a Galba [Roman coin], fine Edkins with a signed copy of his book, the Franks and rare’ (lot 490 £5.10.0.); ‘a Faustina Sen. Collection of Catalogue o f Oriental Porcelain and [Roman coin]’ (lot 498 £6.10.0.), and ‘an Italian Pottery (1879 2^ edition) and appears to have had Ivory Horn, exquisitely carved with masks, a cordial relationship with him - in a letter in a arabesques, cherub’s heads, and birds in relief, private collection, dated 1 1 * April 1882, Franks with the original chased silver-gilt mountings’ (lot writes ‘Let me know when you come back from 532 £4,452.0.0.). Cornwall and I will try' to manage a visit’ and that he was looking forward to showing Edkins the ELKINS, George new rooms at the British Museum. George Elkins is listed as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at 1 Mr. Sotheby sold ‘English Porcelain and Pottery Broad Street, Portsmouth in Pigot’s Directory, formed by Mr. William Edkins’ on 2 1 “ March 18 4 4 and at the same address in Slater’s 1874. The remainder of the collection of William Directory’, 18 5 2 -5 3 . The last will and testament Edkins of Bristol was sold at auction by Sotheby, of George Elkins, ‘dealer in curiosities’, was Wilkinson & Hodge on 2 1 “ May, 18 9 1. proved on 14* August 18 55 (p ro u /2217). [Catalogue o f the National Exhibition o f XCorks o f Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 182, p. 189, p. 244, p. 270; Michael Archer, ‘Monmorencv s Sword’ from couen’. The Burlington Magazine EM A N U EL, Emanuel vol.129, no.ioio. May 1987, pp. 298-303, p. 303; Aileen Emanuel Emanuel is listed as ‘diamond and pearl Dawson, ‘Franks and European Ceramics, Glass and Enamels’, in merchant’ at 7 Bury' Street, St Mary’ Axe and 28 Marjorie Cargill and John Cherry (eds.), A.W. Franks, nineteenth- century collecting and The British Museum, (1997), pp. 200-19, P- Great Coram Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory’, 111.I 18 39 . Emanuel Brothers are also listed as ‘Jewellers’ at 7 Bevis Marks in 1839 and as EDWARDS & ROBERTS ‘diamond merchants’ at Lamb’s Conduit Street in Edwards 6c Roberts were primarily cabinet the 1840s. The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) makers, established <1845, but are listed as gave a dealer named Emanuel an ‘Ivory’ Tankard ‘antique furniture dealers’ at 20 & 21 Wardour Silver Gilt mounted, quite perfect’ for £ 52.10 . on Street, London, in Kelly’s London Director)’, sale or return in September 18 29 . ‘Messrs i860. By 1870 Edwards & Roberts had expanded Emanuel’ loaned some unnamed objects to to 16, 17, 18, 20 & 21 Wardour Street and 7 Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857. An Little Chapel Street and 14 Great Chapel Street. individual named ‘E. Emanuel’ bought 3 lots of 94 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

silver at the auction of the collection of Ralph EMERY, Richard Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including Richard Emery traded as a ‘picture dealer’ in Bury ‘twelve silver dessert spoons’ (lot 3988, £6.3.5.) Street, London, during the first half of the 19* and ‘a pair of silver table spoons and a fish slice’ century. Emery’ is recorded as both a buyer and a (lot 3990, £5.8.0.). seller of paintings at various London auction [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/A]j}, ‘waste book’, no.467. rooms during the period 18 20 -18 4 0 . At the Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Catalogue o f the Art Treasures o f the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1857 auction sale at Shugborough in August 1842, (i 8j 7), p. 176.] Emery is recorded as the purchaser of several paintings, including ‘an exterior of a cottage, by EM A N U EL, Emanuel N.Bergham’ (£136.10$); and ‘a seaport, by Emanuel Emanuel took a partnership with Vandervelde’ which was stated to have been Charles Town, an artist of 103 New Bond Street, ‘purchased by M r Emery (of the firm Christie and London, in the 1820s to form Town and Emanuel Manson) for £ 4 2 1 ’. ‘Emery, Bury’ Street’ is also {q.v.), ‘furniture manufacturers’ and ‘ancient recorded as the buyer of at least 15 lots at the furniture dealers’. It seems that Emanuel began auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in trading as a ‘foreign fruit seller’ in New Bond 18 4 2 including, a small bronze o f ‘Bacchanalians’ Street in the 1820s; he was a victim of theft in (lot 68, iy * day, £14.3.6 ); a watercolour painting 18 2 5, and was called to the Old Bailey on 19 * of ‘a man and woman, seated in a garden, by May 18 25 where he stated, ‘I live in New Bond Watteau’, (lot 36, 13 * day, £40.19.0.); ‘two small Street, and am a foreign fruit seller; my partner’s ewers in bronze, and four small boxes of fine Old name is Charles Town’. Charles Scarisbrick of Japan’ (lot 104, 13 d1 day, £2.0.0.); ‘an agate oval Scarisbrick Hall bought an ‘Ebony cabinet’ and casket, mounted with chased silver’ (lot 10 5, iy * ‘Boule Coffre’ from ‘Emanuel’ (probably Town day, £y.y.o.o); ‘an Intaglio on Sardonyx, a Lion, and Emanuel {q.v.) in 1846, probably via the dealer George Hull {q.v.). Last Will and very’ spirited execution’ (lot 3 7 , 15 * day, Testament of Emanuel Emanuel of 103 New Bond £5.15.6 .), and ‘an Intaglio, on red jasper, a boy Street, ‘manufacturer of antique furniture’ was with his head in a scenic mask’ (lot 1 0 9 ,1 5 * day, proved on the 4,h May 1849 (proi 1/2092). T he £4.4.0.). Times recorded that Emanuel Emanuel, of 103 In 18 5 6 Richard Emery’ is suggested by an New Bond Street, died on 3ri M ay 1849, aged 54. anonymous writer in Tbe Morning Chronicle There is also an Emanuel Emanuel listed as (March 1856) as one of the ‘dealers in pictures’ ‘picture dealer’ at 16 Great Portland Street in who would be suitable for a ‘jury’’ to judge the Pigot’s Directory, 18 33. authenticity of the Adoration o f the Magi by [Francis Collard, ‘Town & Emanuel’, Furniture History, volume Veronese at the National Gallery’. Mr. Emery was XXXII, 1996, pp. 81-89; www.oldbaiIeyonline.org.] also recorded by George Redford as the ‘well- EM A N U EL, Ezekiel known picture dealer’ who acted for the collector Ezekiel Emanuel is listed as ‘antique furniture Morris Moore to purchase a picture ‘Apollo and dealer’ at r i6 Great Portland Street, London, in Marsyas, by Mantegna’ (£70.75) at the sale of the the Post Office Directory for 1836 , as ‘foreign pictures of the publisher Francis Durovery in 1850 china and antique furniture dealer’ at the same and which Moore eventually sold to the Louvre in address in Pigot’s London Directory, 18 39 and as 1885 for £8,000 as a picture by Raphael. ]H. Bum, Aedes Strawberriarue, (1842); George Redford, A rt ‘curiosity dealer’ at 5 1 Great Portland Street in Sales, (1888) (1 vols.) vol.I, pxxiii; Getty Provenance Index i860. ‘Emanuel, Portland Street’ purchased one Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] lot at the auction of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2; ‘a portrait of George, the fourth Earl EM M ER SO N , Thomas of Cholmondeley, by Pompeio Battoni’ (lot 34, Thomas Emmerson is listed as a ‘picture dealer’ at 22nd day, £4.4.0.) Watford Place, London, in the Post Office [H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841).] Directory for 18 2 5 and at 20 Stratford Place, EM A N U EL, Israel London, by the early 1830s. ‘Thomas Emmerson Israel Emanuel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at i Esq.’ is listed as 20 Stratford Place in Kelly’s Wigmore Street in the Post Office Directory for Director)’, 18 4 1. Whilst Emmerson is primarily 1824, 18 26 and 1829 and as ‘curiosity, shell and associated with the picture trade he also sold picture dealer’ in Pigot’s Directory at the same decorative objects to the collector William address in 1836 . Beckford (176 0 -18 4 4 ) in the early nineteenth- DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 95

century and sold a contemporary table with an Escudier in 1836. antique Florentine pierre dura top to George Lucy [Geoffrey de Bellaigue, ‘Edward Holmes Baldock, part I’, Connoisseur, volume.190, August 197$, pp. 290-299, p. 292.] at Charlecote Park, Warwickshire in 1824. Emmerson supplied paintings to several notable ESMEIR collectors and he also appears to have regularly The writer Herbert Byng-Hall records that Esmeir purchased pictures in conjunction with the was curiosity dealer who had a shop in Rue London picture dealer John Smith of 13 7 New Parcellis, 22, Marseilles in 1868; Byng-Hall writes Bond Street. that Esmeir was ‘generally the best supplied’ in ‘The Important Collection of Gallery and Cabinet Marseilles but his ‘ knowledge’ was ‘very Pictures of Thomas Emmerson Esq of Straford mediocre, and [his] prices most exorbitant’. Place* was sold by M r Phillips in London on iy * [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), and 16* June 18 32; the collection included ‘a P .41.I Virgin and Child by Correggio, from the Ducal Palace at Modena; a grand original study, by ESWORTHY, Thomas Rubens, for his celebrated landscape called the Thomas Esworthy is listed as ‘furniture broker* at 51 Rainbow; a splendid landscape with a view of his Wardour Street in Pigot’s London Director)’, 1840. father’s mill, by Rembrandt; and an interior and Fete Champetre by Jan Stein.’ EVANS, Henry Kay Emmerson regularly sold paintings at various Henry Kay Evans is recorded in the records of the auctions rooms during the 1830s, he is notably Sun Fire Office as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 282 listed as the seller of a ‘View of St. Marks by High Holbom, London, near the Great Turnstile, Canaletto’ (£80.17.0) at Phillips saleroom in in Pigot’s Director)’, 18 35 and is shown at 281 1834. By the 1850s Emmerson is trading in Holborn in Tallis’ London Street Views, paintings only and is mentioned by the German 1838/1840. He is listed at 282 High Holbom as a art historian Gustav Waagen (179 4-18 6 8 ) in this ‘curiosity dealer’ in the Post Office Directory for capacity in 18 54 . Mr. Christie sold the collection 1838 and 18 4 1, and in Kelly’s Director)’, 1846. of pictures of Thomas Emmerson, deceased, in Evans is listed as ‘archer)’ and curiosity warehouse’ January 1855. at 282 High Holbom in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. [Beckford archive, AIS B e d fo r d Bodleian Library, Oxford; John Evans was involved in a case of theft of shells Smith, A Catalogue Raisonne o f the works of the most eminent Dutch, Flemish and French painters, part 6, (1835), passim ; from the British Museum in 18 38 , when he stated Gustav Waagen, Treasures o f Art in Great Britain, (1854), (1999 that he was a’ dealer in curiosities’ and lived at edition), p. 338; George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), ‘N 0.282 High Holbom’. In the court case, heard passim; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British at the Old Bailey on 2“* April 18 38 , Evans collector at home 1750-1850, (1989), p. 222-3; Bet MacCleod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Derek Ostergard, described how he bought some shells from a man (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, named Frederick Saunders, who was charged with (2001), pp. 163-75, p. 165; Getty Provenance Index Databases, stealing them from the Museum. During www.piweb.5ctty.edu.] questioning, Evans stated that he had hundreds of shells in stock, but that he was ‘not a EN G EL, Bernard particularly good judge of shells’. Saunders was Bernard Engel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer and fine found not guilty. an repository’ at 5 Victoria Parade, Torquay, [www.oldbaileyonIine.org] Devon in Kelly’s Directory, 1878 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 36 Brook Street, London in Kelly’s EVANS, Thomas Director)*, 1882. Thomas Evans is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 17 Maddox Street, London, in Pigot’s Director)', EPPS, Thomas 1839. Evans was still trading at 17 Maddox Street Thomas Epps is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ in 18 4 7 when he advertised the sale of ‘Curiosities at 7 Upper Kennington Street, London, in Kelly’s and Quaint Antique Jeweller)’’ together with Directory, i860. ‘20,000 autographs, paintings and carvings in ivory...all warranted old.’ Evans was involved in ESCUDIER a high-profile court case concerning the Escudier was a dealer in curiosities listed at authenticity of the so-called Trafalgar Sword, or 2 1 Quai Voltaire, Paris in 1836 . Edward Holmes Nelson Sword (report in The Times, 30'*“ June Baldock (<7.r.) purchased Sevres porcelain from 18.17L Evans attempted tn sue the editor and 96 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

publisher of The Times, John Joseph Lawson, for things’ from Evans and that his prices were libel (Evans v. Lawson, 18 4 7, sum of £1,000) as ‘generally very reasonable.’ the result of a series of letters published during [Dire Wainwright, (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), November and December 1846 and January 18 4 7 The Making of the South Remington Museum 111: Collecting Abroad', Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, which named Evans as ‘being a manufacturer of zooz, pp. 45-61, p. 48.I curiosities and palming off a spurious article’. The case involved the question of Evans’ reputation as EVER IN GH AM , Charles a dealer in curiosities, arising from his sale of a Charles Everingham is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ sword, purportedly formerly belonging to Lord at 35 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, in Nelson, which Evans sold to Lord Saye and Sele. the Post Office Directory for 18 19 and as In 18 4 5 Evans is said to have purchased the ‘curiosity dealer’ at 2 Rupert Street, Coven tty sword for £ 1 from Mrs J J . Smith, the widow of Street in 18 2 2 and at 3 2 Tavistock Street, Covent Alderman Smith and sold it to Lord Saye and Sele Garden in 18 24 . In 1834 Everingham was the for £100. Lord Saye and Sele subsequently gave victim of a theft and appeared at the Old Bailey the sword to Greenwich Hospital. The defendants on 16 * October 18 34 , where he stated, ‘I am a suggested that Evans brought the action ‘to puff picture dealer. 1 keep the house, N o. 3 Bride-lane, himself to the world as a dealer in curiosities’. and live there...’ Evans was trading as ‘curiosity dealer at Maddox [rvww.otdbailcyonline.org.] Street’ at the time and called as a character witness the respected collector Benjamin Hertz, who stated EYLES, John that he had ‘known Evans for 10 years’. The case John Eyles is listed as ‘antique china dealer’ at was found for the defendant as it appears that the 4 Hanway Street, London, in Kelly's Directory', sword was not the sword that Nelson wore at the 1882. Eyles described himself as ‘dealer in china Battle of Trafalgar and it also appears that Evans and antique furniture’, in Hanway Street, during was less than honest in his evidence, he his evidence as witness in the court case against purportedly fabricated a letter supposedly from the dealer David Jewell (q.v.) on 3 1* January* ‘Mrs J. Smith’ in support of his case. 1876 . During his evidence Eyles stated ‘I have Evans is recorded as the buyer of 5 lots at been a dealer all my life.’ the auction of the collections at Stowe in 1848, [wrvw.oldbaiIeyonline.com] including a painting of ‘a river in Holland, by Storck’ (lot 15 3 , zz"* day, £ 32.11.0 .), and ‘a EYRE, Henry portrait of Richard Eliot and his wife, by Kneller’, Henry Eyre is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at (lot 19 5, 22nd day, £9.9.). ‘Evans’ is also recorded 1 1 Lower Grosvenor Place, London, in Kelly's as the buyer of ‘two chairs, with carved oak Directory, i860. backs, with coats of arms, the seats covered with tapestry’ (lot 4 1 1 3 , £4.4.0.) at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 . Evans is listed amongst the buyers at the auction of the collection of Henry Farrer (q.v.) in June 1866. [R. Chambers (ed), The Book of Days, a miscellany o f popular antiquities, (i vols), (1869), vol. i, pp. 479-480.]

EVANS Evans is recorded as a curiosity dealer at 3 Quai Voltaire, Paris in the 1850s and sold several objects to the South Kensington Museum, including a Sevres saucer purchased by John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) for the museum in 18 5 5 (V & A 9 1 3 -1 8 5 5 ). In a letter to Henry Cole (18 0 8 -18 82) in September 18 54 Robinson mentioned that he had ‘bought a great number of 9 7 $ FALCKE, Jacob, Hannah, Isaac, David, James, and Dauphin of France and Mar)’ Queen of Scotland, Edward with the date 15 6 8 ’ in November 1849. The Jacob Herbert Sydney Falcke (d.1849) husband of partnership of David and Isaac Falcke, ‘importers Hannah (179 4 -18 54 ), and the father of David of curiosities’, was dissolved on January 8* 18 53; (d.1866), Isaac (18 19 -19 0 9 ), James and Edward, Isaac appears to have retired from business some is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 12 7 Wardour rime before 18 58 , but continued to collect and Street, London, in Robson's London Director)’, occasionally trade, in artworks. Between 1868 1839 and as ‘jeweller and curiosity dealer’ at the and 18 72, Falcke’s collection of maiolica was same address in Pigot's London Directory, 1839 acquired by Sir Richard Wallace (18 18 -18 9 0 ), a and at 394 Oxford Street in directories in 18 4 1. sale that appears to have been brokered by his In June 1839 Jacob Falcke, 12 7 Wardour Street, nephew, the dealer Frederick Davis (<7.1'.). On July and 1 Broad Row, Great Yarmouth, advertised 1 1 * 18 55 ‘and following days’, Messrs Foster sold that he sold ‘Ever)’ kind of precious stones, in the the ‘stock in trade of M r Edward Falcke of 394 rough or polished, also rrinkets.Jace and old Oxford Street, including his unique collection of stock in trade of every description...’; the Wedgwood ware of about 200 pieces’. Edward’s advertisement also announced the sale of pictures, ‘Stock of Antiquities’ included ‘Sevres and including works by Velaquez, Titian and Wilson; Dresden China, busts and pedestals of Faence de and 'fine armour, stained glass, tapestry, Italian Rouen...life-size Lucca de la Robia figures, bronzes, carvings etc.’ ancient Buhl and marquetrie furniture, arms and Hannah Falcke & Sons are listed as ‘curiosity armour...’ In 18 58 the ‘Magnificent Collection of dealers’ at 394 Oxford Street in Kelly's Director)’, Works of Art and Vertu formed by M r David 1846. H. Falcke & Sons, 394 Oxford Street, Falcke of New Bond Street’, ‘who is about finally ‘importers of articles of vertu’, advertised in July retiring from business’, was sold by Christie’s over 1844 that they had ‘just returned from the 19 days, commencing on April 19*, 1858 - (See Continent’ and had for sale ‘a magnificent Plate i j ). collection of old Italian bronzes...severaI pairs of David Falcke J.P. , who married Emily Isaacs on Buhl cabinets...several suits of armour inlaid with 8* September 1846 , of 64 Gloucester Place, gold, carved oak sideboards...Country dealers Portman Square and Sutherland House, Great and the trade supplied’. ‘ H. Falcke & Co, Yarmouth, died at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 1 “ curiosity dealers, Oxford Street and Hanway September 1866. Isaac Falcke married Mar)’ Reid Street’, announced that their partnership was (18 2 7 -19 19 ) on I3',, M ay 18 47 and he died at his ‘dissolved by mutual consent’ in the London house, 104 Gower Street, London, on 2 3 rd Gazette 17th March 1846. Hannah Falcke, ‘of December 1909. ‘James Falcke’ listed as ‘curiosity Oxford Street, relict of Jacob Falcke Esq of Great dealer’ at 17 1 N ew Bond Street in i860 and in Yarmouth’, died aged 60, on March 26* 1854 ; June 1859 , ‘J.Facke’ advertised ‘he still continues (Last Will and Testament Probi 1/2189). his business at 1 7 1 New Bond Street and has Isaac Falcke and David Falcke are listed at 12 7 added, lately some fine and rare examples of art, Wardour Street in Tallis’ London Street Views, of which he invites inspection.’ In September 1838/1840 and continued to trade from there 18 53 J. Falcke was recorded as ‘importer of until ci850, after which time they traded from curiosities’ at 16 Parkside, Knightbridge, when he 92 New Bond Street. D & I Falcke, ‘established was the victim in a reported case of a number of 25 years’, advertised a ‘Grand Exhibition of Art forged cheques. and Vertu’ at 92 New Bond Street in M ay 18 5 1; ‘M r Falcke’ (Jacob, Isaac or David), is recorded as their advertisement also stated ‘to prevent the supplier of armour to Lord Brougham in mistakes, they are not connected with parties 1844. Falcke is recorded as a regular buyer of advertising in the name of Messrs Falcke.’ Isaac paintings in the London auction rooms during the Falcke lived at 4 Church Street, Kentish Town in period 18 3 3 -18 4 0 , including the purchase of a 1849, and was trading, ‘with members of his ‘Bassano - Adoration of the Shepherds’ for £ 1 1 at family’ at 394 Oxford Street and at 13 1 Regent Christie’s on M ay i6 ,k 1840. Isaac Falcke is Street in 1849. ‘Messers Falcke’ presented Prince recorded as buying Wedgwood ceramics at the Albert with the ‘marriage hom of Francis, the auction sale of the collection of Charles Augustus 98 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE S c CURIOSITY DEALERS

Tulk (1786-1849) in 1849-50. David Falcke is for the Borough of Yarmouth - Emily, his widow, recorded as the buyer of at least 12 7 lots at the married in 18 7 1 John Whitmore Esq of Bologna, auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal Italy.’ The Times reported that Emily Falcke, of (1783-1854) in March 1855, including ‘a Portman Square, widow of David Falcke, married Magnificent Dresden oval plateau’ (lot 88, M r John Whitmore of Bologna, Italy, on £10.10.0.); ‘a Magnificent Sevres cup and saucer, November 28* 1871. gros bleu, with nvo exquisitely painted groups of Isaac Falcke and David Falcke loaned objects to oriental figures’ (lot 4 5 4 , £10 7.0 .0 .); ‘a Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 5 7 and Frankenthal two-handled cup, cover and stand, D. and I. Falcke were also listed as contributors to by Carl Theodore’ (lot 379, £15.10.0.); ‘a very the Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the curious steel lock, for a shrine, with the Saviour South Kensington Museum in 186 2; Isaac Falcke kneeling under an archway’ (lot 1236 , £ 32.11.0 .); loaned a considerable amount of maiolica to the ‘a dish, of Raffaelle ware, in very fine colours, the 18 6 2 exhibition. Isaac Falcke Esq. also loaned ‘a subject of Perseus and Andromeda’ (lot 17 4 5 , terra cotta group, of virtue trampling upon Vico, £10.10.0.); ‘a key, with richly chased and pierced art to John of Bologna’, an Ivory tankard, a bow, having two crowns and the arms of Saxony’ collection of Italian maiolica (d 2 pieces), and 32 (lot 3 5 5 7 , £2.10.0. illustrated in the catalogue); pieces of Wedgwood pottery to the National a Dresden ‘square box...with the armorial Exhibition of Works of Art in Leeds in 1868. In bearings of the Albani family’ (lot 3 6 7 5 , the 18 80s Isaac Falcke sold some renaissance £ 16 .15.0 .); ‘a beautiful shaped secretaire, of bronzes to Wilhelm Bode (18 4 5 -19 2 9 ) at the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin. Isaac and tulipwood, with groups of flowers in kingwood’ David Falcke also appear at irregular intervals in (lot 4 13 9 , £105.0.0.); ‘a beautiful oblong table of the purchase accounts of the collector Dudley fine old Reisener Marqueterie’ (lot 4 20 5, Coutts Marjoribanks (18 20 -18 9 4), later Lord £64.0.0.) and a set of six ‘small high-backed Tweedmouth, during the period 1 8 4 9 - 1 8 7 1 , chairs, the seats covered with needlework’ (lots probably selling Marjoribanks Wedgwood 4257/6/7, £70.0.0.). ceramics (Tweedmouth’s collection of Wedgwood Isaac and David Falcke loaned objects, including was later acquired by Lord Lever). Isaac Falcke a piece of Wedgwood, to the ceramic court at the also presented about 500 pieces of ceramics, Crystal Palace at Sydenham in 1856. According to including one of the few original copies of the the dealer Frederick Litchfield (q.v.) (writing in Wedgwood Portland Vase, to the British Museum 1879), Isaac Falcke has an ‘excellent and unique on I7 a June 1909, along with associated printed collection' of Wedgwood. In 18 55 David Falcke and manuscript information. The final parts of sold an Arabic astrolabe for £30 to the collector the Isaac Falcke collection were sold at Christie’s A.W. Franks (18 26 -18 9 7), for the British Museum in London 19 * 8c 20* April 19 10 . Isaac Falcke (OA 18 55 .7-9 ,1). The annual Report for the and ‘M r Douglas Falcke, Bury Street, St James’s’ Department of Science and Art in 18 5 3 records appear in the account books of the dealer Edwin several purchases for the South Kensington Marriott Hodgkins {q.v.) in 1886-1887. Museum from David Falcke, including ‘an ancient [Isaac Falcke, Catalogue of my art property, (n.d.), British engraved French watch, £7.0.0.’ and a ‘ iy * Museum MS; ‘ W edgw ood s c ra pb oo k' (n.d.), British Museum MS; century Pomander, £ 2.1 os’. Edwin Marriott Hodgkins archive, 16 0 t it 1601/2, Westminster City archives; Gentleman’s Magazine, (1854), p. 557; Catalogue o f An anonymous note (inscribed on the verso of a the Art Treasures o f the United Kingdom collected at Manchester letter written by David Falcke dated October 2nd in t S $ 7 (1857), p. 176; Christie and Manson, C atalogue o f the 1858) found in a copy of the catalogue of the Magnificent Collection o f Works o f Art and Vertu formed by Air. collection of David Falcke (1858) (copy in a David Falcke o f New Bond Street, (1858); John Charles Robinson, Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition o f Works o f Art...on Loan at private collection) states: ‘The father of M r David the South Kensington Museum, (1862); Catalogue o f the National Falcke was of the Jewish persuasion, bom in Exhibition o f Works o f Art at Leeds, (186S), p. 206, p. 210, p. Westphalia, settled in Yarmouth, where M r David 219, p. 227, p. 276; Frederick Litchfield, Pottery a n d P orcelain, A Falcke was bom. After an absence of many years G u id e to C ollectors, (1879), pp. 179-80; Ann EatwelL •Lever as a collector of Wedgwood, and the fashion for collecting Wedgwood he returned to Yarmouth, intending to make it his in the nineteenth-century’. Journal o f the History o f Collections, place of abode and where he built a good house, vol.4, no.r, 1992, pp. 239-256, p. 239; Lucy Wood, L a d y L eve r now called Sutherland House, from a design by Art Gallery. Catalogue o f Commodes, (1994), p. 28 (fn.149), p. 268 (fn.8); Aileen Dawson, ’Franks and European Ceramics and Collins of London. On his way to England in Glass and Enamels’, in Marjorie Caygill and John Cherry (cds.), 1866 after a continental tour he was seized with A.W. Franks, nineteenth-century collecting and The British cholera at Boulogne, where he died - He was J.P. M usetim , (1997), pp. 200-19, P- m ; R.G.W. Anderson, ‘Early DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 99

Scientific Instruments and Horology’, in Cargill Sc Cherry (eds.). worked as a picture restorer and to have restored Ib id , pp. 186-95, p. 188; Jeremy Warren, ‘Isaac Falcke’ O x fo rd one picture for the National Gallery- in London (a Dictionary o f Nations! Biography, (200.4-09); Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.geny.edu.] work by Hobbema, for £ 10 in 1862) and a portrait of John Hunter, by Joshua Reynolds, at FARMER, John the Royal College of Surgeons, in the early 1860s John Farmer was a well known dealer in ‘articles - (information from Jacob Simon, The National of vertu’ trading from Tavistock Street and Portrait Gallery-, London). Oxford Street, London during the opening Henry- Farrer appears regularly as both buyer and decades of the nineteenth-century. Farmer is listed seller of paintings in auction catalogues in as ‘jeweller & cutler’ at 3 2 Tavistock Street in The London during the period from the 1820s to the Post Office Directory for 1808 and as ‘silversmith 1850s and is recorded as buying pictures at very- and jeweller’ at 12 7 Oxford Street in Kent’s low prices (eg ‘an Italian scene’ at Fosters (q.v.) London Director)-, 18 23. The dealer Abraham for £2.0.0. in 1824 and ‘A Magdalen’ by- ‘Del Davies {<7.1'.) sold ‘Mr. Farmer’ a large amount of Sarto’ (£2.0.0.) at Fosters in 1825), as well as ‘Dresden china’, some silver and a ‘metal gilt pictures for large sums, some of which are mounted ostrich egg’ in February 18 2 1. obviously commission purchases, (eg ‘Canaletto, [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJfj, ‘waste book’, no.467, View of St Mark’s at Christie’s in 1837 Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] (£i38.i2.o.);Teniers, View of a Chareux’ at Christie’s in 18 3 7 (£362.5.0.); ‘Pousson, A View FARRER, Henry of Tivoli’ at Christie’s in 18 39 (£546); and Henry Farrer FSA (179 8 -18 6 6 ) was one of the ‘Prodigal Son’ by ‘Ruebens’ (£246.15.0) at most well-known dealers of the mid nineteenth- Christie’s in 18 4 1.) Farrer also appears to have century. He is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 13 King used fellow curiosity- dealer Francois Deschry-ver Street, Soho, London, between 18 22 and 1828, (q.v.) as bidding agent for picture auctions in moving to 14 Wardour Street by 1834. In 18 35 Belgium in the 1830s. ‘Farrer, Wardour Street’ is Henry- Farrer is recorded in the records of the Sun recorded as the buyer of at least 9 lots at the Fire Office as ‘picture dealer’ at 14 Wardour auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in Street and the insurance records indicate that 1842, including ‘a landscape with ruins and Farrer had two pictures by Claude, ‘a sea port and nymph bathing by Poelemburg’ (lot 1 1 , 1 i*h day, a landscape’ on his premises that were insured by £8.18.6.); ‘a toothpick case in gold, enamelled the picture dealer James Dunford (q.v.). Farrer is with cameos’ (lot 19, 15 * day, £ 11.11.0 .) and ‘a listed as ‘artist and picture dealer’ at 14 Wardour very fine cameo of a sleeping Hermaphrodite’ (lor Street in Pigot’s London Directory, 18 39 . Henry 5 1, 1 5 th day, £26.5.0.). Farrer also bought a & William (a brother) Farrer are also recorded in ‘portrait of a Jewish Rabbi by Vandyke’ for 4 10 the records of the Sun Fire Office as ‘artists and gns at the sale of the collection of pictures of picture dealers’ at 14 Wardour Street in 1836. Jeremiah Harman at Christie’s in M ay 1844. They are also listed as ‘picture dealers and Henry- Farrer bought at least 1 1 lots at the Stowe residents’ at 14 Wardour Street in Tallis’ London auction in 1848, including ‘a portrait of Pope, by- Street Views, 1838/1840 and Kelly’s Directory-, Richardson’, (lot 296, 2 3 rd day, £73.10 .0 .), 1844 and 1846. Henry’s son, Henry- Thomas purchased on behalf of for Sir Robert Peel; ‘Lady Joseph Farrer (18 24 -18 6 7), is listed as ‘picture Henrietta Berkeley, by Lely’,(lot 358, 23rd day, dealer’ at m Wardour Street in 1844 and at 105 £73.10 .); and paintings by Salvatore Rosa The Wardour Street in 1845 and 1849. Henry- Farrer Finding of Moses’, (lot 436, 2 3rd day, £1050.0.0.); continued to be listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 14 Rembrandt ‘a Burgomaster in a black dress Wardour Street in 18 52 , and he is listed as a seated’, (lot 4 3 5 , 2 3 rd day, £850.0.0.) and picture dealer and as a ‘curiosity dealer’ trading Canaletto ‘a view on the Grand Canal’, (lot 423, from 106 Old Bond Street from 1856. 2 3rd day, £105.0.0) all purchased for Lord Ward. Michael Bryan, Dictionary o f Painters (1849), Farrer is recorded as the buyer of at least 18 lots states Henry Farrer ‘the eminent picture dealer’ at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph was the grandson of the English portrait painter Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a Nicholas Farrer (175 0 -18 0 5 ). He may have been portrait of King Edward IV, by Holbein’ (lot 936, a son of an individual named Farrer, who is £ 15 7 .10 .0 . illustrated in the catalogue); ‘a recorded as selling paintings at Christie’s auction portrait of Nell Gwynne, by Sir P. Lely’ (lot 7 8 1, room in London in 17 0 7 . Farrer is known to have £75.10.0.): ‘a Limoees enamel oval Dlaaue. with IOO DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

classical figures and landscape, signed J.C . (Jean including; a portrait by ‘ Frank Hals’ ; two Courtois)’ (lot 14 7 5 , £8.12.0.); a Limoges enamel portraits by Velasquez, ‘Philip IV, and The Queen ‘Salt Cellar, circular, with hexagonal sides’ (lot of Phillip IV’; Matteo Da Siena, ‘Madonna & 15 6 7, £26.10.0.), and a Raphael ware ‘early Child with the Infant St John’; Raphael, ‘Christ Italian dish, with a sunk centre...date about 15 4 0 ’ on the Mount of Olives - part of a predella, the (lot 1870, £11.0.0.). other part in Stafford House’; and two portraits Farrer is also recorded as supplying paintings to a by Comelitz Engelbretschen. He also loaned some number of other well known collectors, including metalwork to the same Exhibition. Farrer also the Duke of Buccleuch, Lord Northwick, Lord loaned ancient furniture to the Marlborough Lowther and Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick House exhibition in 18 5 2 and to the Gore House (178 3-18 4 8 ), as well as supplying works of art to exhibition in 18 5 3 (a ‘Caned Napkin Press, the 1 “ Lord Penrhyn at Penrhyn Castle in 18 6 1. Flemish, <1600’ ) - (see figure 32). ‘Messrs Farrer’ Farrer sold a small number of paintings to the were also listed amongst the contributors to the National Gallery, including ‘a Rabbi’ by Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the Rembrandt (£473) in 1844 (‘a bearded man in a South Kensington Museum in 1862. Henry Farrer cap, (late 1650s), N G 190); ‘a portrait’ by Gerard donated a portrait of William Woollen by Dou (131.5s) in 1844 (‘portrait of a man’ Gilbert Stuart to the National Gallery' in 1849 (1635-40), NG192); ‘Philip IV hunting’ by and a face study drawing of the Countess of Velazquez (£2200) in 1846 (‘La Tela Real’ Mornington by Thomas Lawrence to the (16 32 -37 ), N G 19 7); and ‘portrait of a man’ by J. National Portrait Gallery' in 18 6 1 - (information Van Eyck (£365) in 18 5 1 (‘portrait of a man’ from Jacob Simon). (1433), N G 222). Farrer was also paid £ i o . i o s for Farrer is mentioned by Anna Jameson in her A giving an opinion on Guido Reni’s Susanna and Handbook to the Public Galleries o f Art in and the Elders in 1845. He was also consulted by the near London (1842); she mentions that Farrer art collector Joseph Gillot (17 9 9 -18 7 2 ) for his ‘owned a copy of Titian’s ‘Venus and a Man opinions on paintings and the painter William Playing on an Organ’. In 18 54 Gustav Waagen Powell Frith (18 19 -19 0 9 ) described Farrer as one (179 4 -18 6 8 ) mentioned that Farrer had good who ‘knows so much about old masters that his selection of pictures and objects of virtu and that opinion is constantly asked, paid for, and he had viewed an MSS ‘with pictures by Don considered conclusive; his charge...is one guinea Guilio Clovio’ belonging to the collector Andrew for a single picture, and ten for a collection.’ Fountaine at ‘M r Farrer, the picture dealer’. Farrer sold some paintings in Paris in 18 53 in Farrer was also a subscriber to John Smith’s A collaboration with the dealer Samuel Mawson Catalogue Raisonne o f the Works o f the most (1q.v:). The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) wrote eminent Dutch, Flemish and French that Farrer was abroad on a buying trip in 18 38 Painters.....(18 33) (volume 1) and H.R Forster’s and in 1858 Farrer wrote to Isaac saying there is Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848). a cheque for him. The curiosity dealer Dean Farrer sold a crystal cross, made by Valerio Belli William Tuck (q.v.) assigned Henry Farrer to (14 6 8 -154 6 ) to the South Kensington Museum in manage his affairs after his death in his Last Will 1864, and it seems he is in partnership for this and Testament, proved i 7 ,h November 18 38 object with the dealer John Webb (q.v.). The cross (proii/1907). Farrer and Tuck appear to have was formerly in the stock of the dealer Henry had a close business relationship; John Coleman Durlacher (q.v.) and the base associated with the Isaac recorded that Farrer and Tuck had together cross was in the stock of John Webb, who seems offered the dealer Collin (q.v.) £ 16 0 for an to have acquired both sections (it formerly ‘ancient shield’ whilst they were on a buying trip belonged to Baron Rothschild). John Charles to Germany in 1838. Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) of the South Kensington Farrer loaned antiquarian objects to the Annual Museum wrote that Farrer mostly dealt in Exhibition of Antiquities of the Archaeological ‘forgeries’ by the late 1860s. Fairer is also recorded Society of Great Britain, at Winchester, in the as having loaned some objects to the South Gallery of the Deanery in 1846, including ‘a book Kensington Museum, including the ‘carved oak of prayers, presented by Lady Elizabeth Tirwitt to press’ that Farrer had earlier loaned to Gore House Queen Elizabeth’ and an ‘enamelled ornament, in Exhibition in 18 53. The press was illustrated in the form of a coffin....date 17 * century’. At the Frederick Litchfield’s Illustrated History o f Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition 18 5 7 Farrer Furniture, (1892). ‘Henry Farrer FSA, 15 Albert loaned several ‘Ancient Masters’ paintings, Road, Regent’s Park’ was listed amongst the DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS IOI

guarantors (£500) for the purchase of the Soulages of Art in and near London (184a), p. 41a; H. Bum, A edes Collection in 1856. Farrer also donated a ‘purple Strawberrianae, ( 184 a); Michael Bryan, Dictionary o f Painters and Engravers, (1849), p. 239; Gustav Waagen, Treasures of Art in glass Bocal, 17* cenury’ to the collections of the Great Britain, (3 vols.), vol.3, p. 431; Catalogue o f Specimens o f South Kensington Museum in 18 53. cabinet work-exhibited at Gore House (1833); C. Thurston As well as dealing in ‘ancient pictures’ and Thompson, Photographs o f Furniture Exhibited at Gore House, curiosities, Farrer also dealt in contemporary art; 1 8j j (1853); Catalogue of the Art Treasures of the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1857 (1857), p. 176, p. 149; he was in possession of Sir John Everett Millais’ John Charles Robinson, Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Ophelia, which he bought from Millais before it Works o f Art—on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (186a); was finished on 10* December 18 5 1 , for 300 gns. William Powell Frith, Further Reminiscences, (1888), pp. 339-40; He sold Ophelia to the collector G. B. Windus; George Rcdford, A rt Sales, (1888), (1 vols.), passim; W. Robens, Memorials o f Christie’s; a record o f art sales from 17 66 to 1896, Ophelia remains at Tate Britain, and has ‘a (1896), (a vols.), vol.II, passim; John Ingamells (ed). The Hertford darkened label on the back with the words Mawson Letters (1981), p. 13, fni7; Stephen Wildman (ed.). “ Farrer, H., Wardour Street, Soho, “ Ophelia” by Visions of Love and Life - Pre-Raphaelite Art from the J.E.Millias, A.R .A.’. Farrer also owned Millias’ Birmingham Collection, England, (1993). P- 58; Helen Davies, ‘John Charles Robinson's work at the South Kensington Museum, Christ in the Carpenter's Shop and Mariana. Pan II, from 1863 to 1867: consolidation and conflict'. Jo u rn a l o f Henry’s son, Henry Thomas Farrer, of Albany the History o f Collections, vol.11, no.i, 1999, pp. 9 3-115 ; Clive Road, Regent’s Park, married Fanny, 2“* daughter Wainwright, “The Banker the Prince and the Dealers: three of Robert Addison Esq of Hill Road St John’s Renaissance objects in the Victoria Albert Museum’, A p o llo , February, (2000), pp. 41-6; Oliver Bradbury and Nicholas Penny, Wood, in 1848. Henry Thomas Farrer, ‘of 15 The picture collecting of Lord Nonhwick: pan II’, Burlington Albert Road, Gloucester-gate, Regents Park’, died M agazine, vol.144, (200a), p. 606;. Jeannie Chapel, 'The Papers on 26* March 1867, aged 43. Henry Farrer Snr of Joseph Gillott (1799-1872), Journal of the History of lived at Albert Road, Regent’s Park after his semi- Collections, vol.20, no.i, (2008), pp. 37-84, pp. 43-4; Jacob Simon, Directory of Picture Restorers 1650-1950, retirement and died on April 9* 1866 at Albert www.nationalponraitgalleryonline.org; Getty Provenance Index Road, Gloucester Gate, Regents Park, aged 67. Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] The ‘Collection of Objects of Art and Vertu’ of the late M r Henry Farrer was sold by Christie’s FELIX, Jules over four days, 15* - 19 * June 1866; the auction Jules Felix is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at included ‘the sword of Tiberius’ (m g n s to Dyer); 99 Wardour Street, London, in 1870 , and at 149 ‘a superb tazza and cover, by J. Courtois...signed Wardour Street in Kelly’s Directory’, 1882. J.C .’ (ioygns, to Whitehead (q.v.); ‘a Spanish necklace of gold filigree...engraved in Shaw’s F EN T EM A N & Sons, Thomas “ Medieval Ornament” and a bottle formed as a Thomas Fenteman senior dealt in books, trading lion’ (3ogns to Ensom); ‘an oblong table of old in Leeds from 1 8 1 7 and his son Thomas Junior marquetrie...by Maggiolini’ (65gns to Evans (18 15 -18 9 2 ) was later also a partner in the (q.v.); ‘a beautiful cabinet of walnut...from Pyrgo- business. Fenteman Sc Sons were trading in Leeds, park’ (45gns to Rhodes); and ‘a massive Ventian at 3 Swann Street by 1826 and as ‘mattress Sc girdle, of silver-gilt...exhibited at the Soan cushion maker, dealer in new and old books, Museum’ (69gns, to Richards). pictures, Foreign and English Birds and etc’ at 13 Farrer’s collection of ‘about 300 gallery and Duncan Street and 7 Lands Lane in the General & cabinet pictures’, was sold on the i5 'h June and Commercial Directory for 18 34 and 18 3 7 . included works by ‘del Sarto’, ‘Giotto’, Botticelli’, Fenteman Sc Sons are listed at New Market Place ‘ Canalerti, Guardi, Watteau and Lancret’; ‘a in 18 4 2 and at 42 Boar Lane by 18 4 5, ‘mattress grand landscape by Jacob Ruysdael, from Lord maker and dealer in curiosities etc’. Fenteman is Taunton’s collection’; and ‘Baptism of Christ, by listed as ‘new and old booksellers and dealers in Timoteo Viti, from Prince Ferdinand’s collection paintings and curiosities’ at 15 Boar Lane, in (£136 to Colnaghi (q.v.) and now in the National White’s Directory o f Leeds, Bradford...(1854). Gallery', London). On June iS * 1866 Christie’s The archive of Charles Winn (17 9 5 -18 7 4 ) of also offered for sale the lease to Farrer’s ‘spacious Nostell Priory’, near Wakefield, records a payment gallery and five rooms, being part of the ground of £6.16.0. to ‘Fenteman, for Pugin’s book’ in floor, No. 106 New Bond Street’; the lease October 1844. Thomas Fenteman Sc Sons loaned expired on 26* September 18 72 and was offered a large number of curiosities, most of which were £ 2 10 p. a. for sale, in a ‘museum of antiquities’ at a public (John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJyj, “waste book’, 110.467, n o .151, no. 159, no.357, Hanley Library, University of exhibition of ‘Paintings, Sculpture, Curiosities’ Soutiummnn: Anna lameson. A Handbook to the Public Galleries in Leeds in 18 4 3. including a ‘Scotch Basket IOZ DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

Hiked Sword, temp. Jas. II’; a ‘Carved Oak trade directory at 16 Warwick Street, Golden Cabinet, a fine specimen, temp. Henry VII’, and Square in 18 22. Robert Fogg ‘Chinaman to the an ‘Elaborately Carved Armed Chair, the front Prince Regent’ was listed at 15 0 Regent Street rail mounted by two Lions Rampant...a fine during the period 18 2 2 -2 8 . Fogg sold French specimen, temp. Charles II’. Thomas senior died furniture to the Prince Regent in 1 8 1 2 and also 1848 and in 18 7 1 his other son Cooper Fenteman sold the Prince, then King George IV, two 12ft retired, when there was an auction of his Pagodas comprised of Chinese porcelain plaques property. Charlotte, ‘daughter of the late Thomas costing £420.0.0. for Brighton Pavilion in 18 22. Fenteman, bookseller, Leeds’, died aged 3 1 on 3 1 “ Robert Fogg also acted for George IV at the October 18 52. auction sale of the collector George Watson [Winn Archive WYLA1/8/26/12 West Yorkshire Archives; Frank Taylor, sold by Christie’s in M ay 18 2 5, buying at Kidson, Thomas Fenteman: memoir, Leeds, (n.d. 1891?); James least 29 lots on behalf of the King, including the Lomax, ‘Buying Antiques in Early Victorian Leeds: The 1843 jewel cabinet made for the Comtese de Provence Exhibition’, Furniture History, Vol.XXXIII, (1997), pp. 175-85.) by J.-H . Riesener in C1785, £420.0.0.), now at Windsor Castle (RCIN 31207). FENTON, George Fogg also sold objects to the collector William George Fenton is listed as ‘picture & curiosity Beckford (176 0 -18 4 4 ), including ‘a Saxon tazza’ dealer’ at 5 8c 6 Meat Market, Bury St Edmonds, and ‘certain sea-green bottles incredibly decorated Suffolk in White’s Directory, 18 55. with bronze’ in July 18 14 . Fogg appeared in the accounts of Vulliamy in 1 8 1 1 ; Vulliamy having FERRARIO 8c Co, Charles made some ormolu mounts for china belonging to Charles Ferrario 8c Co is listed as ‘curiosity Fogg. ‘Fogg, 15 0 Regent Street’ is also recorded as dealers’ at 59 Newman Street, London, in Kelly’s the dealer who sold the pair of pietra dura Directory, 1882. cabinets to the Duke of Northumberland in 18 22, which still remain at Alnwick Castle. FINLAY, Henry The dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold ‘seventy Henry Finlay is listed as ‘curiosity 8c shell dealer’ six pieces of Roman or Raphaelware’ and other at 15 Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, London, in objects to Fogg in May 1820. Fogg was recorded Pigot’s London Directory, 1839. as the buyer of 2 ebony chairs at the auction of the contents at Wanstead in 18 2 2 and Fogg is FLAND OLI, Casimiro occasionally recorded a buyer of pictures at Flandoli was a dealer in Bologna, Italy; he is Christie’s auctions during the period 18 0 1-18 0 7 . recorded as selling an Italian maiolica relief to the Joseph Fogg died on 5* December 18 30 and ‘Mr South Kensington Museum in 1858. Squibb’ sold the ‘valuable and extensive stock of [Clive Wainwright, (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting the late M r Joseph Fogg, of Regent Street’ on 14* Abroad’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, - 19 * February’ 1 8 3 1 , which included ‘rare 100 1, pp. 45-61.] beakers of Japan, a great variety of decorative and useful porcelain, Old Sevres 8c Dresden, old Buhl FLAUDIN 8c Riesener marquetrie, and a few lots of armour’; Flaudin was a female curiosity dealer trading in John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought china at Paris in the 1870s. The collector Lady Charlotte ‘Squibb’s sale of M r Fogg’ in February 18 3 1 . In Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought Chelsea-Derby 18 3 7 the diarist Thomas Raikes (17 7 7 -18 4 8 ) porcelain from her in April 18 73. recorded that Fogg (Robert jnr) ‘tried in vain’ to [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, buy the collection of old Sevres belonging to the (1911), vol.i, p. 184.) Earl of Harewood. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stj^/AJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, FOGG, Robert, Robert Jnr and Joseph Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Beckford archive. AIS Fogg 8c Son, Chinamen were registered at B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Thomas Raikes, A ro rtio n o f the Journal kept by Thomas Raikes Esq from i S j i to 1847, (4 50 New Bond Street, London, by at least 178 3 vols.), vol.t, p. 184; Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a * (New Complete Guide to ...the City of London, Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. 2 31; Gerald Reitlinget, T h e 178 3) and remained there until 1800. Robert Economics o f Taste. Volume II, (1963), p. 52, p. 86, p. 157; Clare Fogg senior died in 1806 and the firm was Baxter, ‘A pair of pietn dura cabinets at Alnwick: the history of their acquisition’, A p o llo June 1992, pp. 330-2; Hugh Roberts, continued by his son, Robert Fogg jnr. By 180 5 R. ‘Quite Appropriate for Windsor Castle; George IV and George Fogg, ‘Chinaman’ was listed at 16 Warwick Watson Taylor’, Furniture History, voI-XXXVI, (2000), pp. Street, Golden Square. Fogg was listed in the 115 -13 7 , p. 118 ; Bet Madeod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 103

Collector’, in Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, Redford also suggests that Forrest sold a I6,,, 1760-1844. an eye for the magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, P- century Italian majolica plate that he had 1 66; Adriana Turpin, ‘Filling the Void; The Development of purchased for £4 at the Stowe auction sale (1848) Beckford s Taste and the Marker in Furniture’, in Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, to the collector Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) for £5, (2001), pp. 17 7 -10 1, p. 179-80; Getty Provenance Index which was later sold at the auction of the Bernal Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] collection in 18 5 5 for £ 12 0 - (lot 1848, which was purchased at the auction for the South FORREST, William Kensington Museum; V & A 17 17 -1 8 5 5 ) . William Forrest (179 8 -18 54 ) is listed as ‘jeweller The Last Will and Testament of William Forrest and dealer in silver plate and curiosities’ at 54 ‘curiosity’ dealer’ of 54 Strand wras proved 1“ Strand, London, in Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 ; his November 1854 (proi 1/2200). Forrest died in shop is illustrated in Tallis’ London Street Views, Paris on i4 d‘ October 18 54 , aged 58 and Messers 1838/1840 as selling ‘Clocks, Curiosities and Works of Art’. Forrest is also listed as ‘importer Foster sold the ‘effects of the late M r Forrest, and dealer in curiosities’ in the same publication. no.54 Strand, including objects of art and Forrest continues to be listed as ‘importer and ornament’ over eight days in October 1856. (John Coleman Isaac archive, M SiyptAJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, dealer in curiosities’ at 54 Strand in Kellys Hanley Library, University' of Southampton; H. Bum, A edes London Director)-, 1846. The census returns for Strawberrianae, (1841); Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and 18 4 1 record William Forrest at 54 Strand, aged Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. 232; George Redford, 40, a ‘curiosity dealer’. A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.I, p. 148; Aileen Dawson, ‘Franks ‘Forrest, Strand’ is recorded as the buyer of at least and European Ceramics, Glass and Enamels’, in Marjorie Caygill & John Cherry (eds.), A.tT. Franks, Sineteenth-century collecting 18 lots at the auction of the contents of Strawberry- and the British Museum, (1997), pp. 200-219, P- -04; Jessica Hill in 1842, including ‘a Faenza ware Pilgrim’s Hamson-Hall, ‘Oriental Pottery and Porcelain, in Caygill & Bottle, of unique design’ (lot 71, I2'1’ day, £9.9.0.); Cherry (eds.), Ib id , pp. 220-30, p. 225.] ‘a pair of beautiful Sevres cabinet cups and saucers’ (lot 84, i2d' day, £2.15.0.); ‘a curious Indian FORRESTER Hooker and Pipe, ornamented with gold and Forrester was a ‘Russian Broker’, who was buying pearls, brought from India by Henry Churchill Esq in London in 18 36 and was also buying in France in 1776’ (lot54, 23rd day, £2.2.0.); ‘a fine old around this time, ‘with a large sum’, according to marble urn and cover, richly carved in basso the diarist Thomas Raikes (17 7 7 -18 4 8 ). Raikes relievo, with curious inscription’ (lot 108, day, also recorded in August 18 36 that Forrester was £6.6.0), and a ‘pair of blue and gold china vases and sent to prison for six months for using a false covers’ (lot 69, 23rd day, £29.8.0.). Forrest also passport whilst in France. made at least 6 purchases at the Stowe auction sale [Thomas Raikes, A Portion o f the Diary kept by Thomas Raikes in 1848, including ‘an ancient Chinese Bronze of a Esq from i8 jl to 1847 (4 vols.) (1836), vol.I, p. 24.] sacred cow, bearing a polished metal mirror’ (lot 1445, £2.15.0.), and ‘a set of six very- beautiful old FO RSTER, William mahogany chairs, the backs carved with lions’ William Forster (d.1845), ‘curiosity and picture masks - the seats covered with ancient needlew-ork’ dealer’, is listed at 4 Low-er James Street, Grosvenor (lot 1537, £28.7.0.). Forrest bought stained glass Square, London, in 1826 and was still trading from from the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v,.) in 1833 this address in 1842. Forster had earlier traded at and Isaac also sold curiosities to him in 1841 and St Martin’s Lane in 18 17 , when ‘Mr. Saunders’ sold 1842. However, by 1844 Isaac mentions that the ‘splendid stock of Mr Wm Forster’, which Forrest is selling ‘modem’ things, such as china and comprised ‘Buhl Cabinets and furniture, ebony French furniture. armoires, ancient Italian and Florentine Bronzes... The collector A W Franks (18 26 -18 9 7) bought a oriental Japan, Etruscan vases...a collection of fifteenth-century Spanish earthenware vase from original cabinet paintings by Raphael, Poussin... Forrest in 18 52 , now in the British Museum and other eminent masters’. Forster had moved to (M LA 18 52.6 -30 ,1) and also some delftware and 336 Strand, when on 19 * - 22nd September 1820 some Japanese objects from W M Forrest in 18 54 ‘Mr. Farebrother’ sold the ‘extensive, genuine and w-hilst he was still trading at 54 Strand. The well selected stock of M r Forster’ on the premises at annual report for the Department of Science and 336 Strand, ‘by order of the Sheriff of Middlesex’. Art for 18 54 records a purchase of ‘an old Italian The auction included ‘a valuable collection of porcelain dish, for £ 3 ’ from ‘Mr.Forrest’. paintings....Seve, Dresden and Mandarin China, The w’riter George Redford records that ‘Mr. costly Buhl... Ebony and Ivory- Cabinets, Ancient Forrest’, was ‘the best informed dealer of his day’. Bronzes... and Ancient Armour.’ 104 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Forster is listed as the purchaser of at least 65 lots Foster moved to the Strand after 1 8 1 7 and at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry continued to trade with him until the early 1820s. Hill in 18 4 2 , including ‘a very handsome Davies sold Foster Dresden china, curiosities and mahogany cabinet for coins’ (lot 10 5, 10* day, considerable amounts of armour in the 1820s. In £9.9.0); ‘a small bronze of the Apollo Belvedere’ 1 8 1 7 Foster bought ‘a magnificent cabinet of (lot 6 1, 1 3 * day, £22.2.0.); ‘an enamel miniature Ebony’ at an auction sale of the possessions of the portrait of Horace Walpole by Zincke’ (lot 36, collector William Beckford (1760-1844) in I4h’ day, £58.165); ‘an enamel portrait of King London (lot 15 , £69.6.0.). Charles I by Petitot’ (lot 39, 14 * day, £65.25); ‘a [John Coleman Isaac archive, ALS/39/A/7J, “waste book*. no.467. Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Adriana Turpin. most extraordinary and very curious ancient jewel ‘Riling the Void: The Development of Bcckford's Taste and formerly belonging to Lady Margaret Douglas’ (lot the Market in Furniture’, in Derek Ostergard, (ed.), W illiam 6 0 ,15 * day, £136.10.0.) and ‘a curious old chest of B eckfo rd , 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (1001), pp. drawers’ (lot 120, 24* day, £2.2.0). Forster also 17 7 -10 1, p. 189.] bought Cardinal Wolsey’s hat at the Strawberry’ Hill sale - (the hat was purchased on behalf of the FOURNIER actor Charles Kean). The auctioneer George Fournier is recorded by the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber ( 18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer Robins (q.v.) mentioned that ‘M r Forster’ had trading in Paris in the 1880s. Lady Schreiber helped considerably with the cataloguing of the purchased ‘a very good Dresden (Marcolini) contents of the Strawberry Hill auction in 1842. medallion’, from Fournier in 1880. A printed note slipped into a copy of the [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, Strawberry Hill auction catalogue states ‘W. (I9 ” )-1 Forster, 4 Lower James Street, Golden Square, begs to inform the Nobility and Gentry that by FOY, William the kind permission of M r George Robins he will William Foy, ‘curiosity dealer’ is listed at 56 Shoe attend at Strawberry Hill during the whole of the Lane, Holbom, London, in 1824 and 1826. The View and the Sale, and be happy to undertake the Last Will and Testament of William Foy ‘dealer in commission of those who may be kind enough to curiosities’ of 56 Shoe Lane, was proved on 9* favour him with their commands’. April 1836 (proii/1860). Forster died in 1845 and on July 9* 18 4 5 ‘and on four following days’ the auctioneer Edmund FRAN CH I, Gregorio Robins (q.v.) at his rooms in Covent Garden sold Gregorio Franchi (17 7 0 -18 2 7 ) was primarily the ‘highly interesting and curious property known as the agent for the collector William collected during a series of years by the late M r Beckford (176 0 -18 44). Franchi resided in Baker William Forster, of Lower James-street, Golden- Street, London, but does not appear to have square’. It was suggested that ‘a great portion’ of traded from commercial premises. He appears to Forster’s collection was formed with the intention have acted as a broker in hardstones and to have of ‘illustrating the history of the Stuart Family begun acting for Beckford sometime around 1800 and their adherents....’ The sale included ‘Rare and continued until his death in 18 2 7 , sometimes Porcelain Cabinets, Relics and Curiosities, many working in conjunction with the dealer and purchased at Strawberry-hill...’ furniture maker Robert Hume (q.v.). Franchi is [John Coleman Isaac archive, ‘waste book’, no.467. also known to have acted in the same capacity for Hartley Library, University of Southampton; H. Bum, A edes the Marquis of Douglas. Franchi’s own collection Strawberrianae, (1841).] was sold at auction in two sales held by Christie’s in London in M ay 18 2 7 and again in 1829. FO STER, William [Beckford archive, MS Beckford ct-ij, Bodleian Library, Oxford; William Foster ‘dealer in second hand plate and Gerald Reitlingei; The Economics o f Taste, Volume II, (1963), p. all kinds of curiosities etc.’ traded in partnership 84, p. 221; Boyd Alexander; From Lisbon to Baker Street: the with David Gordon (q.v.) at 134 St. Martin’s story o f the Chevalier Franchi, Beckford s friend, (1977); Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British collector at home Lane, London, by 1 8 1 1 and had dissolved the 1730-1830, (1989), p. H 3,p p. 117 -12 0 , p. 139, p. 261; Adriana partnership and moved to the Strand after 18 17 . Turpin, ‘Riling the Void: The Development of Beckford s Ta«e and The dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) left several suits the Market in Furniture’, in Dork Ottngjrd, (ed.), W illiam B eckfo rd , 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (2001), pp. of ancient armour and various ancient weapons 177-201, p. 179, p. 180, p. 19 1; Bet MacOeod, ‘William with ‘William Foster St. Martin’s Lane’ in May Beckford, a Celebrated Collector*, in Ostergard, (2001), Ib id . p. 1 8 1 7 and Davies also traded with Foster when 163-72, p. 166-72.] DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 105

FRANKS, Jacob make copies of Renaissance terracotta sculptures Jacobs Franks is listed as ‘furniture dealer’ at in the 1860s. Bastianini was engaged in 1863 to 7 1 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)’, make a terracotta portrait bust of the Renaissance 1852. physician Benivieni (14 4 3 -15 0 2 ), w’hich wras eventually purchased at auction in 18 6 7 by FRASER, Mrs Ann Comte de Nieuwerkerke for i3,6oof (or i5,ooof Mrs Ann Fraser is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at depending on reports); Nieuw-erkerke sold the 87 Dean Street, London, in the Post Office bust to the Lourve Museum. Freppa maintained Directory for 18 4 1. Ann Fraser is listed as that he initially sold the bust for 70of to the ‘carpenter and packing case maker’ at 1 1 Little collector M.de Nolivos ‘on its own merits’ and Vine Street in Pigot's Directory, 1839. did not attempt to sell it ‘as old’. Otto Mundler (18 11-18 7 0 ) , the German art FREPPA, Giovanni dealer, historian and travelling agent for the Giovanni Freppa was an art and curiosity dealer National Gallery during the period 18 5 5 -5 8 , trading in Florence between the 1840s and 1860s; called on Freppa in October 1856 and noted that initially it seems at Via Borgoguissanti and later at he had a painting that was said to be by Raphael. Via di Rondinelli. Contemporary commentary According to Mundler the painting w’as ‘a disparagingly suggests that Freppa was ‘an ex w’retched, black Bolognese copy, badly drawn, charcoal seller’ turned dealer in works of art. about 1640.’ Freppa appears to have been associated with Freppa is also recorded as having purchased the forger)’ from at least 1840, when Freppa, ‘who marble ‘singing gallery’ from Santa Maria keeps a curiosity shop in Florence’ was named as Novella in Florence in d86o, (perhaps during a member of a group of individuals operating renovations to the church undertaken by Enrico across Europe accused of the forger)’ of letters Romoli between 1858 and i860). The reports of credit amounting to £9,000. Freppa appears to (Lloyds Weekly Newspaper, June 3 rd i860) record have been eventually acquitted of wrong­ that the gallery ‘had been bought for little more doing, writing that his ‘name was improperly than old marble by the dealer Freppa’ who hoped mentioned in connection with this notorious to sell it to a French builder, ‘with a view’ to it swindling affair.* being placed as a balcony’, it was reported to have In 1859 Henry Cole (180 8-1882) of the South been ‘sold to an Englishman....[and]...has been Kensington Museum suggested that Freppa sold added to the accumulating treasures of the South modem majolica as old pieces, and Freppa seems Kensington Museum’. to be consistently associated with the trade in fakes [Nina Barstow, The Romance of Art. The Forgeries of Basrianini’, and forgeries. John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) The Magazine o f Art, January 1886, pp. jo j- jo8; J.C Robinson, ‘On Spurious Works of An’, The Nineteenth Century, no.clxxvii, made purchases from Freppa on behalf of the November 1891, pp. 677-698, pp. 691-696; The Travel Diary o f South Kensington Museum, including an altarpiece Otto Mundler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, (1985), pp. of the Assumption of the Virgin by Andrea della 69-154, p. 13 1; John Pope-Hennessy, ‘The Forging of Italian Robbia for £120.0.0. in i860 (V&A 6741-1860). Renaissance Sculpture’, A p o llo , volume XCIX, no.146 (New Robinson also wTote of Freppa’s propensity for Series), April 1974, pp. 14 1-16 7 , p. 15 0 -1; Helen Davies, ‘John Charles Robinson’s work at the South Kensington Museum, Pan artwork forgery. In a commentary wiitten in 18 9 1, Y,Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.to, no.i, (1998), pp. Robinson described Freppa’s activities in 169-188, p. 178; d ive Wainwright, (edited for publication by producing examples of the ‘famous ruby lustre Charlotte Cere), The Making of the South Kensington Museum of...Maestros Giorgio and Xantos.’ According to III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal of the History of Collections, volume 14, no.i, 10 0 1, pp. 45-61, p. 54; Aviva Briefel, Th e Robinson, Freppa ‘caused a number of spurious Deceivers: art forgery and identity in the nineteenth century, Giorgios to be manufactured’ u’hich w’ere (1006), pp. 13-14 .I ‘forthwith dexterously ‘planted’ - i.e. entrusted for sale to local dealers, farmers, peasants and other FRESCATI apt unsuspecting agents, in the towns and villages The wTiter Herbert Byng-Hall records that Frescati in the Pesaro and Urbino districts...’ w’as a curiosity dealer trading at 21 The Linden, Freppa was also involved in one of the most Berlin, in 1868; Byng-Hall wTites that in the shop widely reported cases of forger)- of Italian of Frescati ‘may sometimes be found rare art- Renaissance artworks in the second half of the treasures’. nineteenth century. He is said to have employed [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), the sculptor Giovanni Bastianini (18 30 -18 6 8 ) to p .ii8 .[ io 6

GAGLIARDI, Tito Directory, 1846. Gale was the victim of theft in Tito Gagliardi probably trained as a painter and 1848 and appeared at the Old Bailey on 27* was well known as a dealer trading in Florence in November 1848, where he stated, ‘ I live at 4 7 the 1840s, 1850s and 1860s. M . Gagliardi, ‘a High Holbom, and am a picture dealer - it is my painter of Florence’ is recorded as supplying the dwelling house - 1 have a gallery at the back of my Duke of Lucca with a painting by Angelo Falconi, shop up one pair of stairs - I keep some of my (named ‘The Good Samaritan’ ),which was sold by pictures in that gallery - I have also a small back the Duke at Christie’s in July 1840. The German room, up another flight of stairs, in which I keep art dealer and historian Otto Mundler other pictures...’ Gale is listed as ‘picture dealer’ (18 11-18 7 0 ) called at the shop of Gagliardi in at 47 High Holbom in Kelly’s Director)*, 18 56 and 18 5 7 . On his visit in 18 56 Mundler 1878-80 , as ‘dealer in works of art’ at 489 noted that ‘the picture dealer Gagliardi...boasts Oxford Street in Kelly’s Directory, 1882 and at 11 of having a picture by Andrea del Sarto’ but his N ew Oxford Street in 18 8 3. 'ideas of this work are very much exaggerated.’ ‘Gale, High Holbom’ is recorded as the buyer of The ‘Choice Collection of Works of Art of at least 25 lots at the auction sale of the collection Signor Tito Gagliardi’ was sold by Christie’s in of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘Three Vienna plates’ (lot 483, £3.2.6.); London on 2 1 “ M ay 18 5 8 and comprised a German ‘tall glass and cover on stem, engraved ‘Faenza, Gubbio, Urbino and other Raffaelle with a battle in a landscape’ (lot 2906, £2.12.6.); ware...beautiful terracottas by Verrocchio, and a Cologne jug ‘with pewter lid, dated 16 7 7 ’, (lor Donatello...a very interesting chest of the I4,k 3 3 4 1, £2.18.0.), and ‘a goblet, on stem of circles, century, with a battle-piece; beautiful cabinets of increasing in size’ (lot 3 3 18 , £1.10 .0 .). the 16 * century...and capital pictures.’ (www.oldba ilcyonIine.org.] Gagliardi made regular visits to London in order to sell objects and sold several pieces of GANZ Renaissance sculpture to the South Kensington Ganz is recorded as a dealer in Amsterdam; the Museum during the 1860s including, a 15 * collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) century terracotta Pieta (V&A 8882-1863),a 17* bought ‘two excellent Chelsea jardinieres painted century portrait bust of Francesco Braccioloni with flowers’ for £ 1.15 .0 . from Ganz in August (V & A 8 8 8 3-186 3), a 16 * century terracotta of 1869 and which she records were sold to her as Two Children with a Goose (V&A 8527-1863) ‘Dresden’. and a marble relief of the Holy Family in the style (Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, of Desiderio da Settignano (<1430-1464), (V & A (19 11), voI.i, p. 33.] 66-1866). In 1868 the writer Herbert Byng-Hall GASLEY, George mentioned that Gagliardi was ‘the best dealer in George Gasley is listed as ‘antique furniture Florence’ and was also ‘well known in London’ dealer’ at 93 Newman Street, London, in Pigot’s and that Gagliardi also traded from Vienna. Nina London Directory, 1832. George Alexander Barstow, writing in 1886, recorded that Gagliardi Gasley, Great Newport Street, ‘upholsterer’ was was aware of the forgeries created by Giovanni recorded as bankrupt on April 1 1 * 18 2 7 and Bastianini and sold by the dealer Freppa (q.v.) in on M ay 16 * 18 2 7 ‘the pictures and picture the 1860s. frames, part of the stock of M r G.A. Gasley [Herbert Byng-Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), p. 199; Nina Barstow, The Romance of Art: the forgeries of Great Newport Street’ were sold at auction by Bastianini', Magazine o f Art, January 1886, pp. 503-508, p. 506; M r Foster (q.v.). The Travel Diary o f Otto Mundler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, (1985), pp. 69-254, p. 13 1 & p. 165; Helen Davies, ‘John GASPARONI Charles Robinson's work at the South Kensington Museum, Part Gasparoni was a ‘dealer in curiosities’ trading in II, from 1863 to 1867: consolidation and conflict’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.i 1, no.i, 1999, pp. 9 5 -115 , pp. 97-98, Milan and also in Venice in the 1830s. It is p. 10 1; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] recorded by Henry Rumsey Forster (1848) that Gasparoni bought the whole collection of the G ALE, Richard Marina Palace in Venice in about 18 34 and later Richard Gale (b .18 11/12) is listed as a ‘picture sold it to Town & Emanuel (q.v.), after first dealer’ at 47 High Holbora, London, in Kelly’s unsuccessfully offering it to Dom Colnaghi (q.v.) DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 107

for £700. Some of the Italian gilnvood furniture [Emile Moliniei, Collection Emile Gavet, (1889); Catalogue des from the Marina Palace collection was sold by objets d'art et de haute curiosite...de Emile Gavet, {1897); Catalogue des tableaux anciens et quelques modemes...M. Emile Town and Emanuel to the Duke of Buckingham G a vet, (1906); Deborah Krohn, The Gavet-Vanderbilt-Belmont and was subsequently sold at the auction of the Collection’ in Mark Ormond (ed), John Ringling: Dreamer, contents of Stowe in 1848 - an iS * century Builder, Collector: the Legacy o f the Circus King, (1997), pp. gilnvood table and pair of chairs from the suite 139-148; Wayne Craven, Stanford White, decorator in opulence and dealer in antiquities, (1005), p. 45.] were purchased at the Stowe sale by the dealer Charles Redfem (q.v.) on behalf of Lord Hertford GEORGE, James and remain in the Wallace Collection {F 515; James George described himself as a ‘dealer in F 491; F492). In a letter from Venice dated zz* works of art and china’ at 124 Albany Street, June 18 38 the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) Regent’s Park, London, during his evidence as mentioned that ‘Gasparoni, and all the other witness in the court case against the dealer David dealers (in Venice] has got nothing fresh since I Jewell (q.v.) at the Old Bailey on January 3 1 “ left here last time’. 1876 . In the court case George stared ‘I am well According to Otto Mundler (1811-1870), the known in the trade - I have cards printed.’ German art dealer and historian, Gasparoni had [oldbailcyonline.com] retired by 18 5 5 ; whilst in Venice in 18 55 Mundler commented that Signor Gasparoni, was ‘formerly GERRARD, James a picture dealer’, after Gasparoni had left some James Gerrard is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 16 2 pictures for Mundler to view for possible Borough High Street, London, in Kelly's purchase. S. Gasparoni is also recorded as the Director)', 1882. seller of a number of Italian pictures at Christie’s in London during 1824 and 18 25. GETZ [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJyj, no.45, Hartley Library’, University’ of Southampton; H.R. Forster, T h e Stou-e Getz was a dealer in Fiirth, Germany, who had Catalogue priced and annotated (1848), p. 33; T h e Trat W D a iry o f business dealings with the dealer Gabriel Davies Otto Mundler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, (1985), pp. (q.v.) in the 1820s. 69-154, p. 87; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Siyy/AJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, British Collector at Home 1730-1830, (1989), p. 48; Getty Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.gerty.edu.]

GHERARDO GAUD IN Gherardo is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading Gaudin was a dealer in Paris who supplied the at Via San Teresa in Turin in the 1860s and 1870s. collector William Beckford (176 0 -18 4 4 ) with The collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber works of art in the opening decades of the (18 12 -18 9 5 ) mentioned that Gherardo was ‘very nineteenth-century. IBeckford archive, AIS B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet civil’, and had ‘two fine (unmarked) Wedgwood Madeod. ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Derek tureens...he asks about £2 for them, and they Ostergard (ed.). William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the were worth it, but they were too cumbersome to magnificent, (loot), pp. 163-75, p. 165.) transport.’ [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, GAVET, Emile (19” )] Emile Gaver (18 30 -19 0 4 ) was primarily an architect and decorator bur was also a prominent GILL, Joseph collector-dealer trading from Paris in the last Joseph Gill was listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 2 quarter of the 19 * century. Gaver regularly Great M ay’s Buildings, London, in Pigot’s opened his private apartment to collectors Director)’, 18 32. Gill was the victim of theft in and sold objects to many American collectors, 18 3 5 , on 1 1* M ay 18 3 5 he appeared at the Old including William Vanderbilt (18 56 -19 38 ) and Bailey, where he stared, ‘I live in Brydges-street, St the architect and collector Stanford White Paul, Covent Garden...I sell watches and (18 53-19 0 6 ). Gavet often used auction sales in curiosities.’ Paris to dispose of stock and in 1889 he [www.oldbaileyonlinc.org.] commissioned Emile Molinier to produce a catalogue of his collections. His remaining GODDEN, Edward Thomas collections were sold after his death in Paris Edward Thomas Godden was established as an in 1906. auctioneer and dealer in works of art at Bridge 108 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

House, Kingston-on-Thames by the mid 1860s. lot at the auction of the contents of Strawberry He is listed as ‘auctioneer and furniture dealer’ Hill in 1842; ‘two sets of popish beads, a needle at the same address in a list of ‘petitions for case of Japan and 2 old Japan boxes’ (lot 1, liquidation by arrangment’ published in day, £0.12.0.). ‘Goldring, Wardour Street’ also February 18 8 2. Edward had four sons who all bought at least 3 lots at the Stowe auction sale in entered the trade in antiques. Edward’s eldest 1848, including portraits of ‘Howard, Duke of son, Frank Godden, emigrated to Australia and Norfolk and Lady Mary Fleetwood Dormer, by opened a shop in Melbourne. Frank was Holbein’ (lot 1, 2 1 “ day, £4.10.0.) Goldring was considered a leading expert in works of art and also listed as a subscriber to Henry R. Forster’s retired from business in 19 20. Arthur Godden Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848). opened a shop in Worthing and retired from Goldring supplied the collector Charles Winn business in 19 2 8 , the business continuing (i7 9 5 -r 8 7 4 ) of Nostell Priory, Wakefield, with under his son, Leslie Godden, who later moved several pictures in the 1850s, including ‘three to 7 Paddington Street, London in 1937. original drawings’ for £1.5.0 . on July 30* 18 5 3 ; Geoffrey Godden, Leslie Godden’s son, the Winn archive also records payments of £5 and continues to trade as a specialist ceramics dealer £ 7 to Goldring in September 18 53. in Worthing, Sussex. [Winn Archive, W YL13 ji/Ai/8/26/31, Wesi Yorkshire Archives H. Bum, Aedes Strjwberrijnje, (184:); Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piwtb.getty.edu.] G O E T Z, Leopold Leopold Goetz traded at 3 Portland Street, GOLDSCHMIDT Southampton during the early 1830s and had a (see Wimpfen & Goldschmidt) close business relationship with the dealer John Coleman Isaac {q.v.) in the 1830s and 1840s. GOLDSCHM IDT, Jacob & Selig Goetz was well known as a dealer in pictures in Selig Goldschmidt, together with his brother the period and was trading at various London Jacob, (trading as J & S Goldschmidt), established addresses, including 22 Conduit Street, 27 Golden themselves as dealers in antiques and curiosities in Square and 6 Princes Street. He is known to have The Zeil, Frankfurt in Germany in the middle had dealings with the collector Joseph Gillot decades of the nineteenth century, later moving to {I 799~I &7Z) and wrote to Gillot from Cavendish 15 Kaiserstrasse, Frankfurt by the 1890s. J 8c S Square, London in 1858. Goetz travelled Goldschmidt are recorded as the buyers of at least extensively around Britain during the 1840s and 6 lots at the auction sale of the contents of is recorded as writing to John Coleman Isaac Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a curious whilst on buying trips to Edinburgh, Scarborough silver circular cup’ (lot 633, £405.0.0.), and ‘a and Newcastle. Isaac sold Goetz several objects silver-gilt standing cup and cover’ (lot 644, including some paintings in 18 4 2, which included £ 324 4 .10 .0 .) - illustrated in the catalogue. a ‘Canaletto’ for £ 12 . Goetz is recorded as selling Goldschmidt is also recorded as the buyer of at a small number of pictures at Foster’s {q.v.) least 13 lots at the auction sale of the collection auction rooms in February 18 3 5 and buying a of Andrew Fountaine in 1884, including ‘a large few pictures at very small value at Christie’s in pair of [Limoges enamel] candlesticks’ (lot 12 3 May 18 35. £110 .5.0 .); a Limoges enamel ‘Tinted Grisaille [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS139/AJJ}, ‘waste book’, no.467, Cup, signed P. R.’ (lot 14 2 £525.0.0.), and ‘an n o .3ji, no.361, no.363, no.365, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Jeannie Chapel, The Papers of Joseph Gillot oval Rock Crystal Cup and Cover, engraved with (r 799—1872.), Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.io, no.i, Noah’ (lot 537 £903.0.0.). (1008), pp. 37-84, pp. 63-4; Getty Provenance Index Databases, The firm counted many significant collectors, www.piweb.getty.edu] including Baron Mayer Carl von Rothschild (18 18 -18 7 4 ), amongst its clients. The dealer GOLD RING, Richard Edwin Marriott Hodgkins {q.v.) records the sale Richard Goldring is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at of several pieces of Sevres china and French 78 Wardour Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, furniture to ‘Messrs Goldschmidt of Frankfurt am 18 38 , 1840 & 1844 and at 4 1 Wardour Street in Main’ in 1889, and Hodgkins also exchanged ‘a the Post Office Directory for 1849. Goldring is suit of Damascened Armour’ for some French recorded as the buyer and seller of paintings at furniture, with Goldschmidt in 1890. various London auction rooms in the period [Edwin Marriott Hodgkins archive, 1601/1. 1601/2, Westminster 18 3 2 -18 4 0 . Goldring is recorded as buying one City archives; Selig Goldschmidt, picture of a life, privately DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS IOC

printed, 1996 - I am grateful to Dr Valerie Mainz, University of branch at 26 Huntriss Row, Scarborough Leeds, for allowing access to this text.] Thomas Bruce advertised himself as ‘Cabinet & Wood Mantlepiece Manufacturer and Restorer o GOODING, William Antique Furniture’ at Toft Green, York, ir William Gooding is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Stevens Director)’, 1885 and that he was ‘late witl 20 Wyndham Street, London, in the Post Office Greenwood, Stonegate’. W.F. Greenwood & Son: Directory for 18 32. are listed as ‘antique furniture dealers’ ai 24 Stonegate, York, in Kelly’s Director)’, 1893. GOODW IN, William Simpson Greenwood supplied objects to Charles Winr William Simpson Goodwin is listed as ‘curiosity (x79 5—1:874) at Nostell Prior)’; in June 1845 dealer’ at 16 & 18 Falcon Street, Ipswich, in the Charles Winn recorded in his diary, ‘tc Post Office Directory for 1869. M r Greenwood in acc’t of his bill for an Antiem Oak Bookstand, £ 13.5 .0 .’ W.F. Greenwood & GO RD O N, David Sons continued to trade as ‘antique dealers’ ai David Gordon is in partnership with William 24 Stonegate, York, until the 1990s. Foster (q.v:), ‘dealer in second-hand plate and all [Winn Archive, W YLijsz/Ai/S/i6/zy, West Yorkshire Archives kinds of curiosities’ at 134 St. Martin’s Lane, John Harris, M oling Rooms, the trade in architectural salrage London, in 1 8 1 1 . The partnership had dissolved (2007), p. 117.] by 18 17 . Gordon was a witness in a case of theft of 13 silver spoons in 1808; he appeared at GRIMSFIAW, Thomas the Old Bailey on 13 * January 1808, where Thomas Grimshaw was a tinplate worker anc he stated he was ‘a pawnbroker’ and lived at later an ‘armourer’ . Grimshaw made ‘ fake 134 St Martin’s Lane. armour for the dealer Samuel Pratt (q.v.) in th< [www.oldbaiIeyonline.org.] 1830s and 1840s. Grimshaw was born in Londor in 180 6 and lived at 33 Eyre Street Hill GO RLA, Miss Clementina Clerkenwell, (listed as tinplate worker) by 1838 Miss Clementina Gorla is listed as ‘curiosity In 1846 he is listed as ‘armourer’ at Whiskir dealer’ at 59 Newman Street, London, in Kelly’s Street and continued to work as armourer ai Directory, 1882. Penton Place, Pentonville in 1859 . The censu: returns for 18 6 1 record Thomas Grimshaw, ‘ar G REEN , Sarah armourer’, at 6 Lamb’s Conduit, born ir Sarah Green is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities, Middlesex, aged 55, together with his wife Anna near the church, Isleworth, Middlesex’ in the aged 29 and bom in Devon. records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 17 . [F. Gordon Roe, ‘Some Nineteenth Century Forgeries of Armour’ Connoisseur, volume LXIII, no.252, August 1922, pp. 2 10 -13 Francis Cripps-Day, A Record of Armour Sales 1881-1924 G REEN ALL, William (1924), p. 12, p. 72, p. 248; K.N. Watts, ‘Samuel Pratt and armoui William Greenall is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at faking’, in Mark Jones (ed.). Why fates matter, essays on tin 3 1 Old Compton Street, London, in the Post problem o f authenticity, (1992), pp. 100-105.] Office Directory for 1824 and 1826. GRINDLAY, William GREENW OOD, William Francis William Grindlay (b.1828/29) is listed as William Greenwood is listed as ‘cabinetmaker ‘curiosity dealer’ at 52 South Molton Street. and upholsterer’ at 32 High Ousegate, York, in London, in i860 and as ‘art dealer’ at 3 Pall Mall Pigot’s Directory, 18 4 1 and as ‘cabinetmaker, Place in Kelly’s Directory, 1879 and 1882. upholsterer and undertaker’ at 24 Stonegare and at Coffee Yard, York, in White’s Directory, G RIN H AM , Deborah 18 5 1. William Francis Greenwood is listed as Deborah Grinham is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at ‘cabinetmaker’ at 24 Stonegate, York, in Kelly’s 15 Pier Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight in Pigot’s Directory’, 1879 and as ‘antique furniture dealer’ Directory, 1844. at 24 Stonegate in Stevens Directory for York, 1885. Greenwood advertised in Stevens Directory GRUBY, Robert in 1S S 5 that he had been established in 1829 and Robert Gruby is listed as ‘antique china dealer’ ai was a ‘dealer in decorative works of art, licensed 15 and 16 Chapella, Hull in Kelly’s Directory, valuer, cabinetmaker and UDholsrer’ and had a 1879. IIO DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

GUDEKUNST, Otto curiosities’ at 48 New Bond Street. In directories Otto Gudekunst was an art dealer in Vienna, he in 1 8 1 5 Gwenapp had moved to 20 Lower Brook made several purchases at the Andrew Fountaine Street, listed as ‘dealer in pictures etc’. The trade collection auction sale in 1884, before joining the directories in 1 8 1 7 , 18 18 and 18 19 record firm of Colnaghi & Co (q.v.) in 1894. Gutekunst Gwenapp at 20 Lower Brook Street as ‘dealer in worked with the young Bernard Berenson and ancient armour’. Gwenapp apparently disappears together they helped to form the collection of Mrs from the directories after 18 19 and there was a Isabella Stewart Gardner in Boston, Mass. USA. sale of his stock of paintings by private contract at Richard Gutekunst, ‘picture dealer & valuer’ is 20 Lower Brook Street on 24* April 18 19 . The recorded at 16 King Street, London, in Kelly’s contract sale included a group of 27 pictures by Directory, 1899. ‘ Hogarth’, however, many of these pictures appear to have been unsold as some of Thomas G U N N , George Gwenapp senior’s paintings by Hogarth were George Gunn is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at again offered for sale at Christie’s in April 18 2 1. 28 Marylebone Street, Golden Square, London, in Thomas Gwenapp Snr is recorded to have sold 81 18 22 and is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at paintings at an auction of Christie’s in London on 12 3 Great Portland Street in the records of the 8* and M ay 18 0 1 and he is fairly frequently Sun Fire Office in 18 3 7 and Gunn is also listed as recorded as buyer and seller of paintings at a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 64 Rue Amelot, Paris in various auction rooms in London during the 1830s. Gunn sold several objects to the collector period 1 8 0 1 -1 8 2 1 . As a picture dealer, Thomas William Beckford (176 0 -18 4 4 ), including the Gwenapp Snr was involved in a well publicised famous ‘Rubens Vase’ for £420.0.0. He also sold case of art forger}'. Writing in 1928 the historian objects to Lord Stuart de Rothesay of Highcliffe T H Whitley recorded that Gwenapp sold some Castle, Hampshire (now Dorset). Gunn had a pictures of dubious authenticity in 1 8 1 7 to a working relationship with the carver and dealer merchant named Edward Gray of Harringay James Nixon (q.v.), both of them supplying de House, Hornsey. This transaction resulted in Rothesay. Gunn also sold old French furniture to court action, (Gray v. Gwennap, King’s Bench, the Duke of Sutherland in 1838. February 22nd 18 17 ) reported in The Times 24'*’ [Beckford archive, MS Beckford, Bodleian Library, Oxford; Sarah February 18 1 7 . The action against Gwenapp, Medlam, The Beltine, Lady Abingdon Collection, {1996), pp. 30-4; Bet Macleod, ‘William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector', in who was described as ‘a merchant, who had, by Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye fo r perseverance and honourable industry, acquired a the magnificent, (io o i), pp. 16 3-7J, p. 165.] large independent fortune,’ and trading as a ‘picture dealer, in Old Bond Street’ [sic], was GWENAPP, Thomas Snr & Thomas Jnr ‘brought to recover from the defendant certain Thomas Gwenapp Snr (died 11851) was one of the sums of money paid to him by the plaintiff, for most famous dealers in ancient armour in the paintings alledged [sic] to be the production of opening decades of the nineteenth-century. ancient masters of celebrity and in fact they were Gwenapp is recorded at 29 Edward Street, works destitute of merit, and of little or no value.’ London, in 180 2 and at 44 Rathbone Place in The Attorney General stated that the case was of 18 0 3-0 5. He is listed as ‘Commission Repository considerable importance and comprised 49 for Pictures, Antiquities, Bronzes, Shells etc’ at 44 counts, for paintings, ‘which an enormous New Bond Street in 180 6. The auctioneer overcharge had been made’. Gwennap had sold Greenwood sold the stock of Thomas Gwenapp Gray paintings at very' high profits; including a of New Bond Street, ‘who has decided to take up ‘Corregio’ charged at £840, for which Gwennap another profession’ on 1 3 d’- i6 A September 1806. had paid £54; a ‘Holy Family’, by ‘Guido’ By 1807, Gwenapp is listed as selling ‘Old China’ charged at £ 4 72, for which Gwennap had paid at 44 New Bond Street, and by 1808 he is listed £26.55, and which it was stated, ‘was actually the as ‘dealer in pictures & curiosities’. In 1809 work of Elizabeth a Serani, an artist of no great ‘Thomas Gwinnap’ [sic] is listed as ‘picture eminence’; ‘A Merry-making’, by ‘Ostade’, dealer’ trading at 48 New Bond Street; he is also charged at £ 136 .10 5, which a witness, ‘M r Jos recorded at 4 1 New Bond Street in some trade Woaden’ stated he had sold to Gwenapp for 12 directories. In 18 10 Gwenapp had moved to 47 gns together with a ‘portrait by Titian, charged at New Bond Street, as ‘repository for antiquities’ £200, [which the] witness sold for £ 5 ’ [and] and in 18 14 he is listed as ‘dealer in pictures and ‘which was so wretched a picture he had never DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS III

thought of giving it a name.’ The verdict was for consequence of the Gothic Hall being disposed of’ the plaintiff [Gray], ‘in the sum of £10,000 There had earlier been an auction sale of Thoma: damages, with 40s costs’. Gwenapp senior’s stock of armour and curiositie: Gwenapp Snr was also well known for his at the Gothic Hall in Pall Mall on 4,,, - 7* Apri exhibitions of ancient armour at ‘the Oplotheca’, 18 2 1, undertaken by Mr Christie; the auctior 20 Lower Brook Street, N ew Bond Street, included ‘the magnificent and extensive collectior commencing in 18 16 and later at the ‘Gothic of ancient armour, arms & c of various Hall’ at 6 Pall Mall, in 18 2 0 -2 1. Gwenapp’s periods...that have been exhibited at the Gothi< armour exhibitions were staged with the help of Hall, Pall-mall...rare and splendid suits (cap a pie the collector and armour expert Sir Samuel Rush of the Giant Albert, the Electors of Bavaria or Meyrick. The catalogue of Gwenapp’s collection, horseback...the richly embossed suit of Henry’ IV (published 18 16 ), described 23 6 objects and of France...the secret armour of Napoleon; the stated ‘the proprietor presumes it will not be superb pistols of the late King of Spain...rar< deemed impertinent to state, that he has for many historic portraits and miniatures by Holbein years past been in the habit of collecting Old Vandyke, Hanerman, Cooper...other pictures b) Armour; yet it was not till he purchased the Hogarth, including portraits of himself...drawing< tasteful and elegant collection of that ornament to by Gainsborough, Farrington, Westall anc his profession, the late J.P. De Loutherbourg, Esq. others.’ Charles Tennyson of Bayons Manor R.A., that he conceived the idea of forming an Lincolnshire, made substantial purchases ol A r m o u r y Gwenapp’s collection included ancient armour from the auction of Gwenapp’s ‘Gothic armour, from the time of the ‘Norman Conquest’, Hall’ in Pall Mall in April 18 2 1. Henry Dymoke as well as ‘the beautiful curiass of scale armour, the King’s Champion at the Coronation of George secretly worn by Bonaparte; and the sword and IV in 18 2 1 and his two squires at the Coronation fire arms presented to him by the Directory of the all wore suits of armour supplied by Gwennapp French Republic.’ These latter objects were Another auction of ‘Military Antiquities, i similar to the collection of Napoleon relics owned magnificent and unique collection of ancient by William Bullock (q.v.) and displayed in the armour...formerly exhibited in the Gothic Hall Napoleon Museum at the Egyptian Hall, Pall Mall...’ was sold by George Robins, ‘at Piccadilly in the period 18 1 6 -1 8 1 9 . Lang’s Shooting Gallery, 7 Haymarket io'11 - n *1 Gwenapp’s exhibition at the Oplotheca was June 18 33. The dealers John Coleman Isaac (q.v.). announced in the Morning Chronicle 3rd May John Swaby (q.v.), John Bentley (q.v.) and Mi 18 16 ; ‘the splendid exhibition of Ancient Armour Sack (q.v.) collectively bought two horse armoui will shortly be opened for inspection...comprising figures at this sale and offered the armour to Sii upwards of thirty suits, and forming a series from Samuel Rush Meyrick (17 8 3-18 4 8 ). Meyrick the Norman Conquest to the latest period - the wrote to Dom Colnaghi (q.v.) that he had offered proprietors (after having expended the sum of ten ‘Isaacs’ [sic] £400 ‘and not a sixpence more’ foi thousand pounds) flatters himself, that, in point the two mounted suits in June 18 33. In 1842, A of interest, beauty and variety, it will be W N Pugin mentioned to the Earl of Shrewsbury acknowledged to be the finest collection of that the casket that he was thinking of buying Ancient Armour in Europe’. Admission was from ‘Gwenup’ [sic] was ‘not worth it’. Samuel initially is. 6d. but was reduced to is. in 18 18 , ‘in Meyrick, whilst writing to the artist William Etty compliance with public feeling’, (Morning (178 7-18 4 9 ), wrote that he had purchased some Chronicle, June iz * 18 18 ). armour at Gwennap’s sale in 18 38 . Etty alsc By 1820 , Gwenapp had moved his exhibition of recorded that he had bought armour from ancient armour to the ‘Gothic Hall’ in Opera Gwenapp at that time. Colonnade in Pall Mall. According to a Thomas Gwenapp snr died C1851. The last will newspaper report (The Times 24* February 1824) and testament of ‘Thomas Gwenapp, of Saint by 18 23 Gwenapp had sold the lease of the John’s Wood Grove, now called Grove Road’ is Gothic Hall to a ‘M r Ambrose, who converted it dated io* July 1849, and proved (with 2 codicils] into a gambling house.’ The Gothic Hall appears on 3rd January 18 5 1 (PRO 11/2 12 5 ). According tc to have been owned by a M r Graham before 1824 his will, Gwenapp owned property in Haymarket, as there was an auction by M r Robins on the Great Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, and in Tavistock premises on December 16* - iS * 1824 of various Place, Tavistock Square. He left most of his j k.. rv -k .,™ _____ k:- ni:—k„»k „i 112 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

Robert Bishop’, Adelaide, ‘wife of William auction sale of the ‘collection of paintings, fine Whitehead’ and Jane. Amongst the individual ancient armour, prints, drawings and a finer [sic] bequests in Gwenapp’s will, he left ‘the largest of organ etc of the late Thomas Gwenapp’ took my three Old Japan China Jars and Covers’ to his place in 1845. After Gwenapp Junior’s death, a daughter Adelaide. notice was issued by the Court of Chancer)', Thomas Gwenapp Junior, (C1798-1845) is (advertised in London Gazette, i8A July 1845) recorded as ‘picture cleaner’ at 15 Upper Belgrave calling for next of kin to come forward, arising Place, Pimlico in 18 2 7 -2 8 and is listed as ‘picture from a family court case, Gwenapp vs Gwenapp. cleaner’ and ‘ picture dealer’ at 21 Titchbome [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjg/AJjj, no.181, Hanley Library, University of Southampton; G italogue o f a most splendid Street in 18 30 -4 3. Gwennap Jnr trained as an and instructiir collection o f antient armour exhibiting at the artist, rather than a dealer like his father. His OPLOTHECA (1816); W. Roberts, Memorials o f Christie's: a trade card (Banks collection, 96.5), issued for his record o f art sales from 1766 to 1896, (1897), (1 vols.), VoI.II, p. Belgrave Place address records ‘Old Pictures 10 0 -10 1; Francis Cripps-Day, A Record of Armour Sales 1 8 8 1 - 1 9 1 4 , (1915), passim; William Whitley, Art in England clean’d with the greatest care and repair’d in the 1 8 0 0 - 1 8 1 0 (1918), p. 167-8; Charles B. Read, The Armours of highest perfection. Ancient miniatures, Drawings, the King's Champion - pan II, Connoisseur, June 1937, pp. Missals, Models, articles of taste Sc vertu, cleaned 316 -10 ; Mark Girouard, The Return to Camelot, Chiiatry and the 8c repair’d.’ Gwenapp Jnr is known to have English Gentleman, (1981), p. 7 1; Hugh Brigstocke, W illiam Buchanan and the 19* century art trade, (1981), p. 19; Clis-e undertaken picture cleaning for a number of Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home private collections, including those of the Earl of 1750-1850, (1989), p. 1 5 1, p. 164; Rosalind Losve, Sir Sam uel Shrewsbury, Prince Borghese, the Duke and Rush Meyrick and Goodrich Court, (1003), p. 79, p. 135; Jacob Duchess of St Albans, Lord Grantly and the Simon, Directory of Picture Restorers 1650-1950, ss’ss-sv.nationalponraitgalleryonline.org; Getty Provenance Index Countess of Blessington. Gwenapp Jnr is also Databases, svss-iv.pisveb.getty.edu.] known to have ‘cleaned and restored’ the ‘Vauxhall Hogarths’, ‘painted by M r Hogarth G Y N N E , George in 1731 for Vauxhall Gardens’ (John Bull, George Gynne is listed as ‘cabinetmaker & July 22nd 1843). antique furniture dealer’ at 19 Wardour Street, ‘Mr. Gwennapp’ [sic] was in possession of a London, in Kelly’s Directory, 18 52. ‘chamber organ executed at Vienna in 15 9 2, by C.H . Hoffheimer’ illustrated in Sir Samuel Meyrick and Henry Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient Furniture, 18 36 (it was in the possession of ‘M r Cartwright, the celebrated dentist’ by the time Specimens was published, according to Samuel Meyrick). ‘T. Gwennap junior’ also submitted a drawing of a chest ‘which belonged to Sir Thos More, now in the possession of Rev Thos Thurlow’ for Specimens (plate XXXII). Thomas Gwenapp Jnr died on 3 rd February, 1845, aged 4 6; The Literary Gazette, (February 1845) announced ‘ the premature loss of Thomas Gwenapp, well known in the world of art, at his residence in Titchborne Street....he was seized with cramp in the stomach, and died in forty- eight hours, medical aid being employed in vain. He has left a widow and a young child about two years old. He was the son of M r Gwennap, whose collection of ancient armour was so greatly celebrated some time ago, and himself an able connoisseur of paintings, and the owner of a number of ancient and curious works, which we think it likely will come into the market.’ An H A D N U TT, James Samuel traded as a silversmith and jeweller from c i 8 o o , James Samuel Hadnutt is listed as ‘dealer in ancient initially at St. Martin’s Court, in partnership with furniture’ at 17 Wardour Street, London, in 1838 the jeweller Francis Lambert. Hamlet later moved and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 17 & 40 Wardour Street to 1 Prince’s Street, Leicester Square, London, and in Robson's London Director)’, 1839 and 1840. was holding a royal warrant as jeweller to King Hadnutt is also listed as ‘carver and gilder’ at 40 William IV and Queen Adelaide in 18 34. Hamlet Wardour Street in 1838 and as ‘Dealer in Ancient is listed as ‘goldsmith and jeweller’ at 1 Princes Furniture’ at the same address in John Tallis’s Street, Leicester Square in Pigot’s London London Street Vietvs (1838-1840 ). James Hadnutt Director)’, 18 39 . Hamlet was declared bankrupt is listed as ‘ancient furniture warehouse’ at 12.2 in *1834 and at a hearing at the Court of Wardour Street in Thompson’s Directory, 1844 and Bankruptcy (reported in The Examiner, April n * Kelly’s Director)’, 1845 and 1849. James Hadnutt is 18 4 1) is was recorded that ‘Thomas Hamlet, the well known silversmith and jeweller of listed as ‘ancient furniture dealer’ at 12 2 Wardour Princes Street, Leicester Square’ had debts Street in 18 52 and as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at ‘variously estimated from £120,000 to £150,000, 60 Wardour Street in Kelly’s Director)’, i860. By of which about £80,000 is upon mortgage of the 18 6 1 census returns 60 Wardour Street is different portions of the bankrupt’s property.’ occupied by James Hadnutt ‘shopman’ aged 25 the Amongst the debts still owed was £2,740 to the son of James Samuel Hadnutt. There is a W. silversmith and dealer William Chaffers (q.v.). Hadnutt, ‘carpenter’ at 7 1 Oakley Street Lambeth On May 22nd 18 4 1, Christie and Manson sold the in 1820 who maybe a relation, or indeed James ‘Gallery of capital pictures of Thomas Hamlet Hadnutt’s father. Esq, removed from Denham-court, by order of the Sheriff of Buckingham.’ The auction HAGUE, Richard included, ‘the Annunciation, the grand work Richard Hague is listed as ‘antique furniture painted by Rubens for his patron General dealer’ at Talbot Lane, Rotherham, in Kelly’s Leganes, and subsequently in the Altimera Directory, 18 8 1. Gallery...and ‘a series of 1 1 of the most interesting H ALE, J. views in Venice, by Canaletto, of uniform size, J. Hale is recorded as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 109 from the Earl of Rivers’s collection.’ The writer George Redford, records that Thomas Hamlet Wardour Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1847. sold three pictures (for £9,000) to the National HALL, Thomas Gallery in 1826 ; ‘Christ and St. Peter, by Caracci’; Thomas Hall is listed as ‘Museum and Antiquarian ‘Bacchus and Ariadne, by Titian’; and ‘The Repository’ in 18 17 at 10 City Road, Finsbury, Bacchanalian Dance, by Poussin’. Redford wrote London, Hall is listed under the category of that ‘Mr. Hamlet kept a shop in Coventry Street ‘Dealers in Natural and Antiquarian Curiosities’ in as a dealer in old gold and silver plate. I used to meet him occasionally at a restaurant in the the 1820s. Hall is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at the neighbourhood about the year 1840, and he often same address in 1826. Thomas Hall is recorded as spoke with pride of having sold these pictures to ‘stuffer of birds and beasts and dealer in curiosities, the National Gallery, but always with a sigh that opposite Finsbury Terrace City Road’ in the he had parted with them too cheap. .’ records of the Sun Fire Office in 1834. Thomas As well as supplying pictures, silver and jeweller)’, Hall is listed as ‘bird preserver’ at 10 City Road in Hamlet also sold a range of antiques and Pigot’s Directory, 1839. curiosities, including Dresden porcelain, ivory H AM M O N D , John Edmund carvings and a ‘beautiful old Bohea table, formerly the property of Louis XIV’, and a table ‘previously John Edmund Hammond is listed as ‘antique in the possession of Queen Anne’, to the collector furniture dealer’ at 12 Baker Street, London, in Roland Jones, of Broomhall, Caernarvonshire, Kelly’s Directory, 1882. during the late 1820s and 1830s. [George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.I, p. 83; Alfred HAMLET, Thomas Jones, ‘A Collector of Works of Art in Wales a Century Ago’, Thomas Hamlet (d. 1849?) the natural son of Sir A p o llo , vol.XXXVIl, no.217, February 1943, PP- 43-44; Gerald Thomas Dashwood. of ‘Hellfire Club’ fame. Reitlincec. The Economics o f Taste. Volume II. (1961). p. 126.I 114 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

HAMPP, John (Johann) Christopher Bedford Court, Covent Garden, London, in the John Hampp (1750-1824) was bom van Hampp records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 34 . Harris is in Mainbach, Wurtenburg in Germany and came to listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 13 Princess Street in England in 175 0 where he was established as a glass the Post Office Directory for 18 39 and 18 4 1. painter in Norwich by 178 2. He was also trading in ancient glass in the late eighteenth-century in HARRIS, Lionel partnership with a man called Stevenson. Hampp Lionel Harris (18 5 2 -19 4 3 ) is recorded as a dealer issued a catalogue of an exhibition of ancient in ‘antiques and jeweller}’’ in both London and stained glass for sale in Norwich and at 97 Pall Mall Madrid by at least the early 1890s. Lionel’s father, in London in 1804 and is known to have imported William Harris (18 28 -19 0 7) first began trading enormous quantities of glass intp England, having a as a general merchant in London before ‘virtual monopoly on the trade’. Hampp 8c establishing himself as a diamond merchant by Stevenson consigned a large quantity of ancient the 1860s. L.Harris 8c Co were listed as ‘diamond painted glass for sale by auction at Christie’s in merchants* at 35 Hatton Garden, London in 1892 1808. It is recorded that Hampp purchased some and at Fuencarral, 24 Principal Derecha, Madrid objects from the collector Alexandre de Lenoir, at the same date. By 1896 Harris also had a shop including £25 worth of ‘glass’ in 1802. at 12 7 Regent Street, where he entered into a (Bernard Rackham, ‘English Importations of Foreign Stained Glass short-lived business partnership with the dealer in the Early Nineteenth-century’, Journal o f the British Society o f Solomon Joseph (q.v.) as ‘Dealers in Works of Art Master Glass Painters, vol.II, no.i, October 1917, pp. 86-94; Jean and Antiquities’. In the 1890s Harris retained the Lafond, ‘The Traffic in Old Stained Glass form Abroad during the diamond merchant business in Hatton Garden 18* & 19* centuries’. Journal of the British Society o f Master and had also moved to Caballero de Garcia, 22 Glass Painters, vol.XIV, no.i, 1964, pp. 58-67; Michael Archer; ‘Monmorency’s Sword’ The Burlington Magazine, vol.119, Principal, Madrid. Harris 8c Co ‘dealers in works no.ioio, May 1987, pp. 198-303, p. 303; Clive Wainwright, T h e of art’ were listed at 12 7 Regent Street in 1899, at Romantic Interior, the British collector at home, 1750-1850, 44 Conduit Street in 19 0 1 and at 32 St James’ (1989), p. 66.] Street in 1902. By 1907 Harris opened ‘The Spanish Gallery’ at 50 Conduit Street. The firm HANDELAAR became ‘Limited’ in <19 11. Handelaar is recorded as a dealer trading in By the early 1920s Harris and his sons Lionel jnr Brussels; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (b.1903) and Maurice (b.1900) had also entered (1812-1895) bought ‘a small Chelsea-Derby into partnership with Edward Horace Benjamin at figure of Winter’ for £7.0.0. from Handelaar in The Kent Gallery in Conduit Street, London. October 18 74 . There is also a J. Handelaar Lionel Jnr was perhaps the family member who trading from Hanway Street, London, in the was also in partnership with the antique dealer 1 880s and 1890s; Handelaar is also recorded in Basil Dighton in the Cambridge Tapestry Company the accounts of the London dealer Edwin at the same time; Dighton is more famously known Marriott Hodgkins (q.v.). [Edwin Marriott Hodgkins archive, i6 o it z , Westminster City for his involvement in the infamous in the Shrager Archives; Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s vs. Dighton ‘ fake’ antique furniture court case in Jou rn als, (191 j), vol.i, p. 311.] 19 23, some of the furniture of which had probably been supplied by Lionel Harris jnr. H A N SO N , Samuel Lionel Harris exhibited a number of objects at the Samuel Hanson is listed as ‘cabinetmaker’ at 16 N ew Gallery at 1 2 1 Regent Street in 1896, John Street, Oxford Street, London, in the Post including 16* and 17 * century embroideries and Office Directory for 18 3 2 and as ‘antique jewellery and ‘a 17 * century silver canopy from a furniture dealer’ at the same address in 18 36 and convent in Carmona’, a Monstrance on Chased 1840. According to the writer John Claudius Stand’, and ‘a Cope in blue and gold’. The firm Loudon, Encyclopaedia o f Villa, Farm and also sold i 5 ,h century Spanish sepulchral Cottage Architecture, (1833) ‘Hanson of John sculptures to the Victoria 8c Albert Museum in Street, (off Hanway Yard) London’ had ‘an 19 10 and some rare textiles, carpets and other extensive collection of Elizabethan and Dutch works of art to the V8cA in 1920. furniture and carvings.’ Before establishing his own business in London, [John Claudius Loudon, An Encyclopaedia of Villa, Farm and Lionel Harris moved to Spain, where he is first Cottage Architecture, (1833), p. 1039, p. n o t.] recorded in Madrid in 18 9 1, trading as a diamond ' HARRIS, John merchant. He married Esther Enriquera Rodriguez John Harris is recorded as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 13 y Leon (b.1873), the daughter of an established DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 115

antique dealer in Madrid on 21* February 1898. In [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sij^/AJyj, ‘waste book’ no.467, Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] the 20* century Lionel Harris, together with his son Tomas (1908-1964) and his daughter Enriqueta HAW LEY, William {1910-2006) became well-known art dealers and William Hawley, ‘curiosity dealer’ is listed at Tomas and Enriqueta especially became noted 5 1 Wardour Street in Robson's London Director)’, experts and writers on Spanish art. 1839. [Information on the Harris family of dealers was very kindly communicated by Professor Nigel Glendinning.] HAYTON, John HARRISON, Mrs Mary John Hayton is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 Brewer Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)', Mary Harrison is listed as ‘antique china dealer’ at 1882. 5 and 6 John Street, Hull in Kelly's Directory, 1879. H EARL, George HART, Michael George Hearl is listed as ‘curiosity & shell dealer’ Michael Hart is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at at 1 Back Hill, Leather Lane, London, in Pigot’s 1 1 Ship Alley, Wellclose Square in the London London Director)’, 1839. Post Directory for 1832. H EIGH AM , George Hunt HARTMANN George Hunt Heigham is listed as ‘curiosity Hartmann is recorded by the collector Lady dealer’ at 139 High Holbom, London, in Kelly’s Charlotte Schreiber ( 18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer Director)’, i860. Heigham was trading from the trading from Place de St. Jean in Paris in 1870. early 1850s. ‘Higham’ [sic] is recorded as the [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Scheiber's Journals, <191 i).l buyer of two lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March HARVEY, Joseph 18 5 5 ; a silver ‘two-handled .lemon strainer, with Joseph Harvey is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at beaded edges’ (lot 4001, £0 .17.7) and ‘six French 9 Burlington Place, Old Kent Road, London, in silver gilt shell-pattern tea spoons’ (lot 40 41, the Post Office Directory for 18 32. £ 1.15 .8 ). The annual report-of the department of Science and Art in 18 54 records several purchases HARVEY, Thomas for the South Kensington Museum from ‘Mr. Thomas Harvey is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Heigham’, including a number of pieces of 5 Cannon Street in the London Post Office Venetian Glass, ‘an old German enamelled Directory for 18 3 2 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 16 stoneware beer tankard’ (£3.105), and ‘an old Cannon Street in 18 4 1. Faience beer tankard painted with the Imperial Eagle’ (£2.55). The census returns for 18 6 1 record HARWOOD, James George Heigham resident at 139 High Holborn, a James Harwood is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 80 ‘silversmith and dealer in works of art’ aged 33 Houndsditch in the London Post Office Directory born in Norfolk, together with his wife Lucy aged for 1826 and 1836 . 32. Heigham was still trading at 139 High Holborn in 1876, describing himself as HAWKSLEY, Thomas ‘silversmith’ during his role as witness in the trial Thomas Hawksley is recorded as ‘dealer in of the dealer David Jewell (q.v.) at the Old Bailey curiosities’ at 14 Wardour Street, London, in the on 3 1 “ January 1876 . A trade card (11860-70) in records of the Sun Fire Office between 18 24 and the John Johnson collection at the Bodleian 1828. Hawksley is also listed in trade directories Library, Oxford, records ‘G.H. Heigham, as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 14 Wardour Street in 1826 Silversmith, 139 High Holbom, dealer in antique and 1836 . The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) plate & articles of Vertu’ - (see figure 39). sold Hawksley ‘ 16 carved wooden figures’ for a [www.oIdbaileyonIine.org] total of £17.0.0. in September 1829. ‘Mr HENRY, Mme. Hawksley of Wardour Street’ is mentioned to be Mme. Henry is recorded by the collector Lady in the possession of ‘a splendid MS copy of Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer B6ethius’s Hist.’ in an anonymous article on trading in Paris in 1870. ‘ Costume of the Clans’ in the Caledonian [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, Mercury, Edinburgh February i4,h 1848. (191O.I II6 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

HENRY, William 13 lots at the auction of the collections at Stowe William Henry is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at in 1848, including ‘a small bust of Caracalla’ (lot 148 High Holbom, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 12 4 1 , £40.19.), and ‘a cinque-cento bronze lamp’ i860. (lot 12 58 , £4.45.), illustrated in Henry Rumsey Forster’s Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated H ER M AN , J. D. (1848). ‘Hertz, Marlborough Street’ also bought J.D. Herman is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at at least 15 lots at the auction sale of the collection 23 Great Waterloo Street in the London Post of Ralph Bemal (1783-1854) in March 1855, Office Directory for 18 26 and 1836. including ‘a German chasing, in silver, of a lady and gentleman, in relief - inscribed S.C. 16 2 3’ (lot HERTZ, Abraham 139 8 , £6.5.0.); *a Limoges enamel circular plate, Abraham Hertz was a curiosity dealer trading illustrating the month of July...inscribed with the from Regent Street, London, in the 1830s and initials of the artist (Jean Courtois) J.C .’ (lot also by 1842, at 9 Great Marlborough Street. 1468, £10.10.0.); a Raphael ware ‘plate, of bold Bram Hertz is listed as ‘sculptor and jeweller’ at design; Galatea - date about 15 4 0 ’ (lot 18 1 3 , 1 1 Great Marlborough Street in Kelly’s Directory, £ 14.3.6 .); an Oriental helmet ‘of dead steel 1846. A trade card (01840) in the John Johnson inlaid with gold, with bar for the face and three collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, plume holders’ (lot 2577, £10.0.0.); ‘a compass records ‘B. Hertz’s Museum of the Fine Arts, late and sundial, by Mollinger, of Neustadt’ (lot 3962, of Regent Street, 9 Gt Marlborough Street, open £2.17.0 .), and ‘a watch, in crystal spherical daily from 12 to 5’ (figure 35). case’ (lot 3973, £14.10.0.). ‘Bram Hertz of The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) exchanged Great Marlborough Street’ was granted a patent some curiosities with Mr. Hertz in July 18 3 2 for 'improvements in and an addition to fountain including ‘2 small ivory carvings of David and pens’ on 30* June 1849. Victor Simon Hertz ‘eldest Goliath for 12 ivory figures and some wood son of Mr. Hertz of Great Marlborough Street’, carvings’. Isaac also sold Hertz 'a pair of spurs died aged 7 years 6 months on 2 1" August 18 4 1. and a horse bit’ for £6 in January 18 39 and a The buying activities of Abraham Hertz are Lapis Lazuli tazza sometime in the early 1830s; complicated by the activities of the collector and Isaac records that he sold ‘M r Bram Hertz of diamond merchant ‘Bram Hertz’ of 32 Argyll Marlborough Street’, ‘a pair of bronze tripods’ Street, London in the same period. Bram Hertz, and ‘three French bronze busts’ in April 18 4 3; diamond merchant, was a witness in a well- Isaac writes that Hertz was abroad on a buying publicised court case involving the jeweller}’ trip in 1838. collection of the Hope family of Duchess Street Hertz is recorded as the purchaser of some and Deepdene, Surrey, in 1844. The collections of pictures at fairly low values at Christie’s in July Bram Hertz of 32 Argyll Street were sold at 18 39 . Hertz sold an ivory hunting horn to various auction sales in London in February 1846 Charles Scarisbrick (18 0 1-18 6 0 ) of Scarisbrick and again in March 18 57 , ‘the owner compelled Hall, Lancashire in 1846. At the auction of the from ill health to retire to wanner climate’. The contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2 ‘Hertz, collections of antiquities of Bram Hertz were Marlborough Street’ is recorded as the buyer of at bought by the collector Joseph Mayer least 13 lots, including ‘a splendid circular dish of (1803-1886) (q.v.) in 1856 . Mayer subsequently Raphael or Faenza ware’ (lot 8 1, i 3 ,h day, sold a small number of objects from the collection £8.8.0.); ‘a very fine antique bronzed lamp in the in 18 57 ; the remainder of the Hertz collection shape of a foot, from the Harleian Collection’ (lot ‘now the property of Joseph Mayer esq F.S.A.’ 8 6 ,1 3 th day, £16.16.0.); ‘a small bronze vase, with was sold at auction by Leigh, Sotheby & the sacrifice to Priapus’ (lot 88, i 3 ,h day, Wilkinson on February 1859 . £16.16.0.); ‘a square shaped snuff box of lapis [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJjj, *waste book’, no-467, lazuli, mounted in gold’ (lot 10 7, I 3 A day, no.ix, no.151, Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Scarisbrick archive, DDSC 7 8/4, (1) (to) Lancashire County £ 13 .13 .0 .); ‘an extremely valuable and Record Office; H. Bum, Aedes Strawberriinae, (1841); Gerald magnificent jewel, Lord Burleigh’s Head on Reitlinget; The Economics o f Taste, Volume II, (1963), p. 167; Onyx, by Valerio Vicentino’ (lot 6 1, 1 day, Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piwcb.getty.cdu] £84.0.0.), and ‘an antique figure of a muse sitting, cast in silver’ (lot 80, I 5 ,,, day, £12.12.0 .). HESLOP, Robert ‘Hertz, Great Marlborough Street’ bought at least Robert Heslop is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 62 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 117

Whitecross Street, Cripplegate, London, in the HODGES, Richard Post Office Directory for i8 zz , i8z6 and 1836 . Richard Hodges is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 3a Chepstow Place, London, in Kelly’s Director)’, H EW ETSO N, Thexton & Peart i88z. Hewetson, Thexton 6c Peart are listed as ‘antique furniture dealers’ at Z00-Z04 Tottenham Court HODGKINS, Edwin Marriott Road, 3 6c 4 New Crescent, and at 1 - 1 5 Alfred Edwin Hodgkins is described as ‘dealer in old china, antique furniture and works of art’, trading Mews, London, in Kelly’s Directory, i88z. at no Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory’, 1887-89 and also at 5 King Street in HI AM S 1889-90. In 1891 Hodgkins also opened at Hiams is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 130 Fetter shop at z Pall Mall and he also had a shop at Lane, London, in the Post Office Directory for 43 Old Bond Street in 1897-1903. Hodgkins 18Z9. finally moved to 158b New Bond Street in 1904 and remained there until 19Z0. The account HILL, Mrs Ann books of Hodgkins are lodged in the City of Mrs Hill is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 56 Shoe Westminster Archive (16 0 1/1; 1601/2) recording Lane, London, in the Post Office Directory for his trade activities. 18 4 1. Hodgkins sold various objects to many well known collectors in the period including Lord HILL, Mrs Brougham, Lord Clifden, Countess Spencer, Mrs Hill is listed as ‘antique dealer’ at 78 Brook Humphrey Ward, M r Walter Thompson of New Street, Hull in Kelly’s Directory, 1893. York, and Jeffrey Whitehead, of Southwood, Buckley, Kent. Hodgkins also traded with many H ITCH CO CK , Charles of the most well-known dealers of the late I9'*' Charles Hitchcock is listed as ‘antique furniture century; he sold Henry Duveen (q.v.) ‘8 Sevres dealer’ at 19 Rathbone Place, London, in Pigot’s plates, Rose du Barri borders’ (£zz.o.o.) and Directory, 183Z. Hitchcock is listed as ‘furniture ’11 Dresden plates’ (£2.10.0.) in February 1886; warehouse’ at 1 7 Hanway Street in Pigot’s and sold ‘a pair of Tulip shaped Sevres Vases’, ‘a Director)’, 1839. According to the dealer Frederick pair of Old Wedgwood plaques’ and various other Litchfield (q.v.) (writing in 1879), Hitchcock also articles to Messrs Durlacher Bros (q.v.) in dealt in ‘old china’ at Hanway Street. December 1886. Hodgkins also records sales to [Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, other dealers including D. Falcke (q.v.), Messrs (1879), p. 323.] Sypher (q.v.), Edward Joseph (q.v.), Jacques Seligman (q.v.), Frederick Rathbone (q.v.), Sichel HITCHCOCK, Robert (q.v.), Stettinger (q.v.) and Mr. Handelaar (q.v.). Robert Hitchcock is recorded as a dealer Marriot produced a catalogue of his collection of supplying the collector William Beckford Old Sevres Porcelain in <1910; the collection was (1760-1844) with decorative objects in the purchased by the American collector Henry opening decades of the nineteenth-century’. Walters (1848-1931) and remains at the Walters [Beckford archive, AtS B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet Art Museum in Baltimore. MacCleod, ‘William Beckford, a celebrated collector’, in Derek [Hodgkins archive, 1 601/1; 1 6 0 1 / 1 , Westminster City Archives; Ostergard, (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the J.S. Catalogue o f an Important Collection o f O ld Senes Porcelain, magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, p. t6j.[ Louis XIV and Louis XVI period, belonging to E.M. Hodgkins, (n.d.).] HODDER H O LACH , Fred R. Hodder was a curiosity dealer trading in Bristol in Fred R Holach was a curiosity dealer who wrote the 1860s. He was trained as a chemist but also to the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) from sold curiosities and antique china. The collector Ostend in 1834. Holach sold a small number of Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 1Z -18 9 5 ) bought low value pictures through Foster’s (q.v.) auction an eighteenth-century porcelain sauce boat for 30 rooms in July 18 36 shillings from Hodder in 1869. [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS i j ^/A Jj j , no.232. Hartley [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, Library, University of Southampton; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getry.edu.I Il8 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

HOLL, William Edward Hull appears to have died sometime early William Holl was in partnership with Edward in 1847; Mr Saxton, the executor for Edward Baldock (q.v.) from 18 14 as ‘Ornamental China Hull, delivered a final account to the collector Dealers’ at 7 Hanway Street, London. In 18 17 , Charles Scarisbrick (18 0 1-18 6 0 ) of Scarisbrick Holl is listed separately as ‘Antique Furniture Hall, near Southport, Lancashire, in July 1847. Dealer’ at 13 Hanway Street (the first instance of The Last Will and Testament of Edward Hull, ‘of the term antique furniture being used in the trade Kingsbury and 108 Wardour Street’ was proved directories). Holl does not appear in the trade on 4* January 1847 with ‘Augustus Welby directories after 18 19 . Pugin of Cheyne Walk Chelsea’ as witness (proi 1/2048). The curiosity business was HOPSON, Edward continued by Edward Hull’s son George, Edward Hopson is listed as ‘picture 8c antique (b.1808). In the 18 5 1 census George Hull is listed & curiosity dealer’ at 16 Northgate Street, as ‘upholsterer’ at 109 Wardour Street, bom at Gloucester, in Hunt's Directory, 1849. Bisley in Bedfordshire. George Hull is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 109 Wardour Street HOWARD, Robert Burkett in Kelly’s London Director}’, 18 5 2 and in i860. Robert Burkett Howard is listed as ‘curiosity By 18 7 1 George Hull lived at 2 1 Highgate Road dealer’ at 253 High Holbom, London, in Kelly’s and wrote to Scarisbrick’s heirs in 18 7 1 about the Directory, i860. possibility of renting Scarisbrick’s London, Suffolk Street house. HOWE, Leonard 8c Co. From 18 33 Edward Hull had extensive dealings Howe, Leonard 8c Co were Auctioneers and with Charles Scarisbrick, including supplying Commission Merchants in Boston USA, they sent standard contemporary’ furniture, arranging and the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) an overseeing alterations to interior decorations, as announcement of their intentions to open a well as supplying him with ancient carvings and gallery in Boston in 1844, selling ‘antique and other woodwork and ancient objects for rustic furniture’. Scarisbrick Hall and Scarisbrick’s London house [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJjj, no.468, Hartley at 1 1 Suffolk Street, Pall Mall. For example, in Library, University of Southampton.] July 18 4 1 Hull sold Scarisbrick '12 0 Elizabethan HULL, Edward and George Pannels from Windsor Castle.’ 96 of these panels Edward Hull is listed as ‘broker’ at 20 Change were installed in an anteroom at Scarisbrick’s Alley, Comhill in Robson’s London Directory, London house at Suffolk Street. It is also dear 18 26 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 55 St Martin’s that Edward Hull was renting some property’, Lane, Charing Cross in the Post Office Directory certainly ‘rooms in 108 Wardour Street', from for 18 3 2 and 18 33. According to the historian Charles Scarisbrick, (Scarisbrick notes in some of Clive Wainwright, Hull was trading from St his accounts that restoration bills from Hull Martin’s Lane from at least 1828. There was an should be ‘charged against rent’; and the Edward Hull listed in the 18 14 directory as ‘boot settlement of the account of the ‘the late Edward 8c shoe-maker’ at 4 Little St Martin’s Lane, who Hull’ includes a debit for £ 55 , charged for rooms may be the same Edward Hull who later became at 108 Wardour Street from September 1846 to a ‘curiosity dealer’. In 18 34 Hull opened another June 1849). Edward Hull also sold Charles shop at 109 Wardour Street taking over the shop Scarisbrick some panelling from Strawberry’ Hill of the dealer John Swaby (q.v.) whilst still in 18 4 1, (this prior to the auction sale in 1842). retaining the St. Martin’s Lane shop until 18 3 5 . A note in the Scarisbrick archive suggests that Hull ‘ancient furniture warehouse’ is listed at 109 Scarisbrick made his last purchases from Hull in Wardour Street in Tallis’ London Street Views, September 1848, but perhaps these purchases 1838/1840 , and as ‘dealer in curiosities and refer to settlements to Hull’s estate. Christie’s sold ancient furniture’ in Pigot’s London Directory, the ‘Splendid Carved Oak Furniture and Carvings 1839. Edward Hull is still listed as ‘curiosity of the late Charles Scarisbrick’ in London on dealer’ at 109 Wardour Street in Kelly’s Directory, 7* November i860. 18 46 . Hull is also described in the trade There was an auction sale of the *Magnificent directories as ‘ancient furniture dealer’ and Collection of Oak Carvings, Marquetrie, Boule, ‘Gothic and Elizabethan furniture manufacturer’. Carved Oak, Furniture, Bronzes, rare Florentine DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS II9

Mosaics, Ancient Stained Glass, and valuable (lots 4 7 -5 3 , 14 * day, £ 118 .13.0 .). Some of the Effects, being the first portion of M r Hull’s purchases at the Strawberry Hill auction were celebrated stock’ on June 4*, 5* & 6* 1845 in clearly on behalf of Charles Scarisbrick. Oxenham’s rooms 353 Oxford Street. The sale ‘Hull, Wardour Street’ is recorded as the included; ‘beautiful carved oak dining room and purchaser of ‘a fighting sword, with broad blade, library suites, composed of choice specimens of inscribed “Johannes Wundes - Soli Deo gloria’ carving of the Gothic and Elizabethan eras, (lot 2599, £0.10.6) at the auction sale of the adapted with singular good taste...rare Gothic collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March cabinets and shrines...splendid bronzes and 18 5 5 , the only object he is recorded as purchasing mosaics...a set of ten state chairs from the Doge’s at the sale. Palace, Venice’ and various interior fittings and Edward Hull sold objects to A. W. N . Pugin panelling, including, ‘the complete panelling of a ( 1 8 1 2 - 1 8 5 2 ) and also supplied and made room of the time of Louis Quatorze, carved in furniture (to Pugin’s design) for Pugin’s house St. subjects from Fontaine...a series of twelve noble Marie’s Grange, Ramsgate. Pugin’s diary records panels carved in scriptural subjects from the a payment of £ 10 to Hull in 18 35 and in 18 4 1 Abbey near Louvaine’, as well as ‘ancient Pugin’s diary records that he owed Hull over lace, and a multiplicity of valuable and rare £400. Pugin often used Edward Hull’s address in objects of antiquity.’ London when he was in town and also used his The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) sold several address for mail, for example in 1838 Pugin used curiosities and carved furniture to Edward Hull Hull’s address for an advertisement for his during the 1830s and 1840s, including 10 carved book ‘Ecclesiastical Ornaments....’. Edward Hull chairs and a large oak cabinet in M ay and also produced a lithograph picture of ‘The December 1840 and he also loaned him £10 0 Champion, Henry Dymoke at the Coronation of in M ay 1840. ‘Mr. Hull, the well-known dealer George IV’, in 1821, (the drawing was made by in antiquities of Wardour Street’ (The Times, zoA Abraham Cooper). June 1840) bought a number of suits of armour at ‘Mr. Hull, Wardour Street’ is recorded as ‘in the auction of the armour and weapons used at possession’ of ‘a brass reading desk, date latter the Eglinton Tournament, sold in June 1840, part of the i 5 ,h century’ illustrated in Sir Samuel including that worn by the Marquis of Waterford Meyrick and Henry Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient (240gns) - (the armour was one of a number of Furniture in 18 36 (plate XLV) - (see figure 17). The suits Hull bought for the Tower Armoury' in his reading desk was subsequently purchased by the capacity as agent at the auction for the Board of Earl of Shrewsbury for St Chad’s Cathedral, Ordnance). Hull also bought ‘a very fine statue, Birmingham. The lectern is now in The Cloisters, a carved in oak, of the Emperor Rudolph, 5ft 6in branch of the Metropolitan Museum New York high’ (Lot 583, £33.1.6 .) at the auction sale in (acquired in 1968, Cloisters Inv.68.8). It is 18 4 1 at Pryor’s bank, the home of the collector recorded that the painter E. W. Cooke and antiquarian Thomas Baylis (d.1880) - (the (18 11-18 8 0 ) bought an ancient chair from Hull’s statue was illustrated in ‘Ancient Domestic in 18 35; Cooke’s diary records ‘April 2nd 18 3 5 ...to Furniture’, Gentleman’s Magazine, January' 1842, Wardour Street...bought a fine carved chair. Also pp. 19 -2 3 , plate 1). ‘Hull, Wardour Street’ is looked at china....my fine chair came home from recorded as the buyer of at least 17 lots at the Hull’s.’ It is believed that Hull’s ‘fine carved chair’ auction sale of the contents of Strawberry' Hill in is portrayed in Cooke’s painting 'The Antiquary’s 1842, including ‘part of a Gothic canopy, Ceir (the painting is now at the Victoria and Albert elaborated carved in stone’ (lot 116 , 17 * day, Museum, FA.42[0]) - (see figure 2 ). £2.5.0 .); ‘a suit of armour, time of Oliver [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467. Cromwell’ (lot 66, 19* day, £3.13.6 .); ‘a whole Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Scarisbrick archive, length portrait of Catherine de Medici and family, DDSC 78/4, (1) (}). (1) (10), (1) (i j ) & (1) (14), Lancashire County Record Office; H. Bum, Aides Strawberrianae, (1841); by Janet’ (lot 89, 2 1 “ day, £90.6.0.); ‘eight chairs, Anon. ‘Ancient Domestic Furniture’, Gentleman’s Magazine, carved and gilt, fine specimens of the last century’ January 1842, pp. 19-23, p. 22; Benjamin Ferrey, Recollections o f (lot 56, 23"* day, £20.0.0.); ‘a very rich and A. W.N. Pugin a n d b is fath er, (18 61), p. 117 ; Charles B. Read, ‘The beautiful centre piece of rare old stained glass’ (lot Armours of the King’s Champion - part II’, Connoisseur, June 1937, pp. 316-20; Phoebe Stanton, Pugin, (1971), p. 17 Sc p. 27; 17 , z^A day, £5.5.0.0) and ‘seven pieces of old Alexandra Wedgwood, A.W.N. Pugin and the Pugin Family, stained glass’ from the Round Drawing Room (1985), pp. 80-j; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the 120 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

British Collector at Home 1730-1830, (1989) p. 39-40, p. 40-43; length portrait of Philip and Mary by Vertu’ (lot Anna Eavis and Michael Peovcr, 'Horace Walpole’s Painted Glass 38, zoA day, £ 53.11.0 .); *a pair of singularly at Strawberry Hill’ , Journal o f Stained Glass, vol.XIX, 1994-95, p. 3 11 ; Kim Woods, 'Some Sixteenth-century Antwerp Carved beautiful Old Chelsea China ice pails’ (lot 53, Wooden Altar-pieces in England’, The Burlington Magazine, 23"* day, £29.8.0.), and ‘a magnificent colossal vol.141, no.1152, March 1999, pp. 144-55, P- *47; Margaret bust of the Emperor Vespasian, in Basaltes’ (lot Belcher, The Collected Letters o f A.W.N. Pugin, vol.t, 1830-1842, 73, 2 3rd day, £22.10.0.). Hume acted as agent for (2001), passim; Charles Tracy, Continental Church Furniture, a traffic in piety, (2001), pp. 58—63, p. 76; Rosemary Hill, G o d ’s William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) at the Strawberry Architect: Pugin and the building of Romantic Britain, (2007), Hill auction. passim.] ‘M r Hume of Berner’s Street’ also bought at least 24 lots at the Stowe sale in 1848, including *a small HUME, Robert 8c Robert square slab of Florentine pietre dure, on a carved Robert Hume was a carver and cabinet maker, and gilt stand’ (lot 267, £24.13.6) - (subsequently trading as Robert Hume 8c Son, (Robert snr 8c sold to Rev. John Lucy, Charlecote, Warwickshire); Robert jnr), between 1808 and 1840. Hume is ‘a kneehole table of old and very fine buhl’ (lot listed at 1 1 Crown Street, St. Giles, London, in 1020, £49.0.); , and it was reported that Hume 1808, moving to Great Titchfield Street in 1809-11 purchased ‘the celebrated Laocoon, a magnificent and 4 Little Portland Street by 1820. In the same bronze by Carbonneaux, the size of the antique year he moved to 53 Wigmore Street, trading as marble’ (540gns) at the Stowe auction. Hume 8c Son, Carvers and Gilders, but is also Robert Hume snr was dealing with the Duke of listed at this address as ‘curiosity dealers’. In 1829 Hamilton from about 1808 and Robert Jnr with Hume moved to 56 Berners Street and by 1837 Beckford from 18 15 . Robert Jnr continued to act Hume 8c Son had moved to 65 Berners Street. for the Beckford family until 1848. Robert Hume Although Hume was primarily a high-class 8c Son also supplied pictures and carried out cabinet maker, making many spectacular pieces of various interior repairs and gilding for the Lucy family at Charlecote Park in 18 2 9 -3 2 and in furniture constructed using semi-precious again in 1836 . materials such as pietra-dura, he also appears to [Beckford archive, A15 Beckford c .ij, Bodleian Library, Oxford; have dealt in curiosities. H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842); Gerald Reitlinget; T h e Hume supplied the collector William Beckford Economics ofTaste, Volume II, (1963), p. 127; A. Tait, The Duke (1760-1844) with furniture incorporating of Hamilton’s Palace’, Burlington Magazine, vol.125, no.964, July *983, pp. 394-402; Geoffrey Beard fie Christopher Gilbert (cds.). elements of earlier pieces, including ‘an ebony Dictionary o f English Furniture Makers. 1660-1840, (1986), p. commode with mosaic pannels’ which is 462; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British attributed to Hume, dating from a 8 15 -2 0 , and Collector at Home 1730-1830, (1989), p. 119 -20 and passim; which was sold at the auction of the contents of Hugh Roberts, ‘Quite Appropriate for Windsor Castle’ George IV and George Watson Taylor’, Furniture History, voLXXXVI, Fonthill (lot 1 1 3 8 , £ 13 5 6 .10 .0 .) to George (2000), pp. 115 -13 7 , p. 1 1 1 ; Bet Madeod, 'William Beckford, a Hammond Lucy and remains at Charlecote Park, Celebrated Collector’ in Derek Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, Warwickshire (CH A .F72). Hume also sold 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, p. Beckford china and curiosities, sometimes in 165, p. 169-72, p. 360; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] conjunction with the dealer and agent Gregorio Franchi (q.v.) and he also bid at auction for HUMPFIREY, George paintings and curiosities on behalf of Beckford. George Humphrey is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Hume supplied furniture to George IV and to the 4 Leicester Street, Leicester Square, London, in Duke of Hamilton in 18 2 3 and worked for the the Post Office Directory for 1824. collector George Watson Taylor and Lord Grosvenor as well as working at St James’s Palace HUTCHINSON, John and York Minster. John Huchinson is listed as ‘dealer in foreign ‘Hume, Berner’s Street’ bought at least 18 lots at birds and shells’ at 243 High Street, Shadwell, the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill London, in Pigot’s Director)’, 1839 . Hutchinson is in 1842, including, ‘four extremely beautiful old listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 243 Shadwell High Faenza cups’ (lot 39, iz * day, £7.16.6.); ‘a Street, in the Post Office Directory for 18 4 1. magnificent Tazza and Cover, enamelled in the most exquisite style by Johanus Penicaudi Junior, HYAM, Marcus 15 3 9 ' (lot 59, 12 * day, £44.2.0.); ‘the head of Marcus Hyam is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 13 Jupiter Serapis, in Basatles, from the Portland Canton Street, London, in the Post Office Collection’ (lot 82, 1 3 d1 day, £78.15.0.); ‘a whole Directory for 18 26 and 1836 . sr 1 2.1 ICHENHAUSER, Julius ISAAC, John Coleman Julius Ichenhauser is listed as ‘fine art dealer’ John Coleman Isaac (*1803-1887) was the at 163 Aldersgate Street, London, in Kelly's youngest child of Joseph and M aty Isaac and died Directory, 1880 and at 184 Aldersgate Street at his home in Gordon Street, London, on 16* in 18 8 1-8 4 . Ichenhauser had moved to 23 Bridle March 1887 aged 85. He was a ‘curiosity dealer’ Lane in 1886 and 33 Bouverie Street in 1886, trading from 4 1 Craven Street, London, first with before moving to 68 N ew Bond Street in the Davies family (q.v.) and later with Sarah Isaac 18 8 6 -9 1 and 13 Bruton Street by 1896. In 18 7 7 (nee Davies) (*1793-1875). Isaac married Sarah he advertised that he had a warehouse in Bridle Davies (q.v.) sometime in the last six months of Lane, London and at Furth, near Nuremberg. 1824 or possibly early in 18 2 5. He moved the In 1888 he gave a second retail address at Goodge business to 12 Wardour Street, with Sarah Davies, Street, London and boasted a warehouse in on i “ April 1829, taking over the shop formerly Brussels. He sold oak carvings from church occupied in 1824 by the curiosity dealer William interiors etc. and informed the public in an Rimmell (q.v.) and in 18 2 7 by the picture dealer advertisement that he had a ‘speciality for oak John Fensham. In 18 2 2 J.C . Isaac was trading in panellings’. clothing at 325 Strand, after which date he is (Charles Tracy, Continental Church Furniture, a Traffic in Piety, associated with the Davies family. After the death, Uooi), pp. 81-1-] in 18 22, of Sarah’s brother Abraham Davies, Isaac and Sarah, along with her father Gabriel, INNOCENT, Robert appear to have taken over the running of the Robert Innocent was a ‘goldsmith, toyman, and curiosity business and by 1826 Isaac took out an dealer in natural curiosities’, trading at 15 Little insurance policy for his possessions and stated his Newport Street, Leicester Square, London, in the business as ‘Dealer in Curiosities’ at 4 1 Craven late eighteenth and early nineteenth

i “ & 2"J Marquis of Breadalbane, Ralph Bernal, ISAACS, Samuel Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, the Earl of Dunraven, Samuel Isaacs is listed as ‘picture dealer and Thomas Baylis, Lady Charlotte Bury, Sir John jeweller’ at 1 3 1 Regent Street, London, in Pigot’s Erskine, Henry Augustus Langley of Brittas Director)’, 18 3 6 and 18 39 and is listed as Castle, Co. Tipperary, Hollingworth Magniac, ‘Importer of paintings, china and curiosities, and Bernard Brocas, Augustus Franks, as well as dealer in jeweller)’ and bronzes’ at the same members of the Rothschild family and many other address in Tallis’ London Street Views, important collectors at the time. According to the 18 38 -18 4 0 . Isaacs is listed ‘curiosity dealer’ in 1851 Census, Isaac was bom in St. Martin’s, Kelly’s Director)’, 18 4 1. Isaacs sold curiosities to London and he later retired in about 1866 and the Lucy family at Charlecote Park, Warwickshire moved to live at 30 Gordon Street, Golden Square. in the 1830s, including a Dutch marquetrie Isaac also sold objects to the architect A.W.N. wardrobe and some ebony furniture. In 18 3 7 Pugin (1812-1852), cashing a cheque from Isaacs also sold George Lucy a set of six Dutch ‘A Welby Pugin Esq’ for £10 in November 1840. walnut chairs in the st)’le of Daniel Marot In November 1836, Isaac wrote to Sarah whilst (16 6 1-17 5 2 ), which were sold to Lucy as ‘Louis he was in Venice that when he was in Fiirth he X IV ’. It appears that some of the furniture and had ordered a 'one of those large Gothic arm curiosities were sold to the Lucy family through chairs’ (costing £z.ys.) and had also asked the the art dealer William Buchanan (q.v:)t who had man making the chairs to make ‘a model’ of ‘the written to Lucy that he (Buchanan) was not sideboard’ ‘for my inspection* all to be made to generally the purchaser of such items. Isaacs is the designs from Tugin’s book’ (Gothic Furniture also recorded amongst the suppliers of objects to in the End o f the iy * Century, which was first the collector William Beckford (176 0 -18 44). published 1835). ‘M r Isaacs’ sold the ‘Reliquaire of the Kings’ Isaac first travelled to the Continent on buying to the collector Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) for trip in 18 2 2 and almost every year between 1829 £28 and which was subsequently purchased and 18 4 5 , sometimes making two journeys on behalf of the British Museum at the within a twelve month period. He continued to Ralph Bernal auction sale in 18 5 5 by the make trips with less frequency in the 1850s and dealer John Webb (q.v.) (lot 1 3 16 , £66.0.0. - 1860s. John Coleman Isaac and his wife Sarah B M 18 5 5 ,120 1.8 ). Isaacs appears to have retired died childless and their estate passed to Sarah’s by 1884 when M r Foster the auctioneer sold the sister, Fanny Levy. Isaac’s shop at 12 Wardour ‘capital collection of pictures’ of Samuel Isaacs Street, was demolished by 19 10 . Subsequent on 14 * February, 1844 , although he appears to relatives of the Levy family, George H. Levy and have continued to have dealings with the Lucy family until 18 7 1. his son Martin Levy continued to trade in [Beckford archive, AIS B eck fo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; antiques in the twentieth and the twenty-first- Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, century, trading as H. Blairman 8c Sons in Mount (1879), p. 323; Give Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the Street, London. British Collector at Home 1750-1850, (1989), pp. 225-6 and [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijg/AJyy, Hartley Library', passim; Bet MacLeod, ‘William Beckford, a celebrated collector; in University of Southampton; Edward Joy, ‘John Coleman Isaac: an Derek Ostergard, (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye (o r early nineteenth-century London antique dealer’. Connoisseur, the magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-75, p. 165.) December 1961, pp. 141-44; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home 1750-1850, (1989), pp. ISAACS 45-4; Martin Levy & Elaine Moss, ‘John Coleman Isaac, Isaacs, ‘a broker, in or near Cromer Street’ “ Importer of Curiosities” , Journal o f the History o f Collections, (London), was how the dealer John Coleman Isaac vol.14, issue 1, May 100 1, pp. 9 7 -114 ; Rosalind Lowe, S ir Sam uel Rush Meyrick and Goodrich Court, (1003), p. 135, p. 186. p. 106; (q.v.) described this dealer after he had bought some Martin Levy, ‘Ralph Bernal and John Coleman Isaac: Some oak carvings from him in December 1839. Correspondence’, Furniture History, vol.XLIII, 1007, pp. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stj^fAJjj, “waste book’, no.467. 193-302.] Hartley Library, University of Southampton.)

ISAACS, J. ISRAEL, Leonard J. Isaacs is listed as 'glass and china man’ as Leonard Israel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 55 Borough (Southwark), London, in the Post 8 London Road, London, in the Post Office Office Directory for 18 16 . Directory for 1829. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE fie CURIOSITY DEALERS 123

ISRAEL, Sampson Sampson Israel is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 60 Cromer Street, London, in Pigot’s Director)-, 1 8 17 and is listed as ‘furniture broker’ at 60 Cromer Street in 18 3 2 . Sampson Israel is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ at 7 Constitution Row in Pigot’s Director)-, 1839. The dealer John Coleman Isaac {q.v.) bought a carved oak bench from ‘Mr. Israel’ in M ay 1830 , which could be either Leonard Israel (q.v.) or Sampson Israel. (John Coleman Isaac archive, M S i j f M J j j , “waste book’, no.467, Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] 1 2 4 3 JACKSON, Mrs E 6 Bevis Marks in 18 4 1 and as ‘importer of ancient Mrs E Jackson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at furniture’ at 4 Bevis Marks in Kelly's Directory, 29 8c 3 1 Cank Street, Leicester in the Post Office 1846 and 1849 and at the same address in i860. Directory for 1876. Joseph Jacobs is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 4 Bur}’ Street in 1865 and as ‘ancient furniture JA CO B, A importer’ at the same address in Kelly's Director)’, Jacob is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’, in Chapel 1866. Street, Lynn Regis, Norfolk, in Robson’s Directory, 1839 . JACO BS, Michael Michael Jacobs is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ in JACO BS, Mrs Isabella the King’s Road, Chelsea, London, in the Post Isabella Jacobs is listed as ‘antique furniture Office Directory for 18 3 2 . There is also a dealer’ at 4 Bury Street, London, in Kelly’s Michael Jacobs listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Directory, 1870 . 130 Piccadilly in the directories in 18 4 1 and as ‘dealer in ancient furniture, paintings and china JACO BS, John 8c Samuel etc’ at 66 Great Queen Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, In 1832 J 8c S Jacobs are listed as ‘curiosity in Kelly’s Directory, 1846. ‘M . Jacobs’ is also dealers’ and as ‘curiosity and foreign china listed as 'antique furniture dealer’ at 13 0 Down dealers’ at 4 Curzon Street, London, J 8c S Jacobs Street, London, in the Post Office Directory for are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at 37 Princes Street, 18 4 1. Leicester Square in 1833. John and Samuel Jacobs are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at 8 Brook Street in JARDINE, James Pigot’s Directory, 1839. In Kelly's Director)’, James Jardine is listed as ‘picture and curiosity 1846, J 8c S Jacobs are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ dealer’ at 24 Princes Street, Drury Lane in Pigot’s at 8 Lower Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, London Directory, 1839. London and again at the same address in i860. In i860, ‘H 8c J Jacobs, 12 Old Bond Street’ JA R M A N , John Boykett advertised in the Morning Chronicle that they had John Jarman began trading in the Strand, ‘a fine collection of Sevres, Dresden, Majolica London, from about 1 8 1 2 and is recorded as ware, Marbles, Bronzes, Clocks 8c Buhl, ‘silversmith, jeweller & dealer in curiosities’ at 25 Marqueterie, Mosaic 8c other decorative Strand in the records of the Sun Fire Office furniture’ and also stated that they have been between 18 16 and 18 2 1. John Jarman is listed as ‘established 24 years.’ The annual report for the ‘jeweller and silversmith’ at 25 Strand in Kent’s Department of Science and Art in 1854 records London Director)-, 18 2 3. Jarman is also listed in several purchases for the South Kensington trade directories as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 34 St Museum from Mr. Jacobs, including ‘an old James’s Street Pall Mall in 18 24 and 30 St James’s Venetian glass’ (12 shillings). By 1870 J 8c S Street in 18 26 and at 130 N ew Bond Street in Jacobs are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at 36 Brook 18 3 2 . Jarman is listed as back at 30 St James’s Street. Street in 1836 . John Bracket [sic] Jarman is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 83 Lowrer Grosvenor Street JACOBS, Joseph in Pigot’s London Director)’, 18 39 . Jarman is Joseph Jacobs is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at recorded as the buyer of paintings at auctions in 82 Litchfield Street, Birmingham, in Robson’s Amsterdam in 180 7 and may have come from the Directory, 18 39 . Netherlands to England in <1810. Jarman is regularly recorded as both buyer and seller of JACOBS, Joseph pictures at various auction rooms in London Joseph Jacobs is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ during the period 18 14 -18 4 0 , particularly the at 103 Wardour Street, London, in 18 3 6 and as rooms of Stanley (q.r.); at the auction sale of the ‘importer of ancient furniture’ at 103 Wardour Craufurd collection in 1820 Jarmin is listed as the Street and at 6 Bevis Marks in Pigot’s Directory, buyer of a ‘portrait of Henri I de Guise, by 1839. Jacobs is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Francois Porbus’ (£521). Jarman is know-n to DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS 125

have traded in ‘old china* during the 1820s and palmist epoch of English miniature-painting, and also bought a portrait of Henry VIII by Holbein he found no difficulty* in enlisting any number of at the sale of the collection of Thomas Baylis clever manipulators into his questionable service. (d.1880) at Pryor’s Bank in 18 4 1 (lot 600, Innumerable were the spurious Hilliards, Olivers £ 13 7 .1 is). According to the dealer John Coleman and Coopers, mostly copied from undoubted Isaac (q.r.) writing in 1836 , the collector Ralph originals, which proceeded from Jarman’s Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) was ‘a good customer of M r manufactory, and which still encumber the art Jarman’; and Henry Bohn (1857) mentions that world. Jarman’s false miniatures are, in fact, well Jarmin [sic] sold a pair of Sevres vases to Bernal. known, and abound in the shops and salerooms Jarman is recorded as the buyer of at least 20 lots of London. Imperfect or comparatively poorly- at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry illustrated manuscripts were, moreover, enriched Hill in 1842, including *a cup, cover and stand, of with additional illuminations, usually copied in Old Worcester’ (lot 2, 12* day, £2.8.0.); ‘a curious facsimile from other books. Jarman’s knowledge, terracotta bust of William of Wycham’ (lot 68, however, was not on a par with his audacity....’ 17 * day, £5.10.6.); ‘a miniature of Robert Cecil, [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS i j ^/A Jj j , no.37, Hanley by Isaac Oliver’ (lot 42, 14* day, £ 13.13.0 .); ‘a Library, University- of Southampton; H. Bum, A ed es Strawberrianae, (1842); Anon. ‘Ancient Domestic Furniture, miniature of Francis, wife of Robert Devereux, by Gentleman’s Magazine, January 1842, pp. 19-23, p. 22; Henry Petitot, (lot 46, 14* day, £ 11.11.0 .), and ‘a Bohn, A guide to the Knowledge o f Pottery and Porcelain, (1857); portrait of Johanna, Lady Abergavenny’, (lot 76, Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, 20* day, £21.0.0.). Jarman is also recorded as the (1879), p. 323; John Charles Robinson, ‘On Spurious Works of buyer of one lot at the auction sale of the An’, Tire Nineteenth Century, November 1891, pp. 677-698, p. 684-86; George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), vol.II, collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 4 -18 5 4 ) in March p. 279; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu; 18 55 - an enamelled ‘square box, chased or www.oldbaileyonline.org.] engraved with silver mounting...a subject of figures, after Watteau, inside the lid’ (lot 3 8 14 , JARR Y, T. £8.5.0.). T. Jarry is recorded as a ‘curiosity* dealer’ at 30 Jarman also had a country' house, ‘Rosenau’, at Rue d’Amsterdam and 35 Rue Capron, Paris in Datchet, Buckinghamshire. His wife Lucy* died on 18 6 1. Jarry* sold a variety* of ‘curiosities’ to the 1* February 18 53 and his son Egbert, died on 5* collector Josephine Bowes (18 2 5 -18 7 4 ) in the August 1848, aged 24. Jarman also had a early 1860s, including five ‘rare cake moulds from daughter Elizabeth Apollina, who is recorded as the time of Bernard Palissy’ (Bowes Museum having married in 18 53. Jarman was the victim of X.3806). theft in 18 12 , when he appeared at the Old Bailey [Sarah Kane, ‘Turning Bibelots into Museum Pieces: Josephine on 28* October 18 12 , describing himself as Coffin-Chevalier and the Crearion of the Bowes Museum, Barnard ‘goldsmith and jeweller, no.25 The Strand.’ A Castle', Journal o f Design History, vol.9, no.i, (1996), pp. 1-2 1, p. io.] report in The Era, {10* November 1844), recorded ‘John Jarmin [sic] of 130 New Bond JENKINS Street, dealer in articles of vertu’ was charged Jenkins, a ‘curiosity dealer’ is recorded as selling with ‘feloniously ravishing and carnally knowing objects to the collector William Beckford Ann Elizabeth Townsend, a spinster, aged 21 (17 6 0 -18 4 4 ) in the opening decades of the years.’ Ann Townsend was engaged as a nineteenth-century. housemaid at Jarmin’s country house at Datcher. [Beckford archive, MS B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet It seems that Ann did not appear at court and the MacOeod, ‘William Beckford, a celebrated collector’, in Derek case was dismissed. Ostergard, (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the In 18 9 1 John Charles Robinson of the South magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-73, p. 163.] Kensington Museum wrote, ‘Jarman I knew personally after his retirement, full of years and JENKINS, Andrew Sc Co notoriety. He was a dapper, ferret-eyed little man, Andrew Jenkins Sc Co is listed as ‘antique dressed summer and winter in a black swallow­ furniture and curiosity* dealers’ at 501 Oxford tailed coat, full-blown shirt-frill, and Hessian Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory*, 1882. boots with a tassel in front....he dealt generally in the higher categories of ‘virtu’, his particular JEN K IN SO N Sc W EEKS specialities were ancient illuminated missals and Jenkinson 8c Weeks are listed as ‘antique historical miniatures. His day was that of the furniture and china dealers’, at y Titchbome 12.6 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

Street, London, in the Post Office Directory for frequently encountered Jewell at auction sales at 18 32. Weeks appears to be the same ‘M r Weeks’ Christie’s. Another witness, Henry Levy, a who operated the ‘Museum’ at Titchbome Street solicitor of 41 Artmel Gardens, gave evidence that and also made mechanical toys in the late Jewell’s father had been in the ‘china business’ eighteenth-century. An advertisement in The and that David Jewell had come ‘ from Times June 1824, announced ‘M r James Denew abroad...four or five years ago - since then he has sells by auction, by order of M r Weeks, (who has been canying on business in Lincoln's Inn Fields relinquished business in order to complete his and Oxford Street, buying china and curios.’ The mechanical museum), on the premises at dealer John Watson (q.v.) ‘dealer in china, 499 Piccadilly, decorative furniture, ancient and and 500 Oxford Street’ also gave evidence in modem bronzes, suits of armour and pictures, on support of Jewell, stating that Jewell had been June zB* 18 24 , and 20 days following.’ established ‘four or five years, it may be six’ and that Jewell had ‘been doing a goodish trade.* JEW ELL, David Charles Jones, Jewell’s ‘shopman’ gave evidence, David Jewell (bom C1850) is listed as ‘antique stating that Jewell kept a shop ‘for the sale of furniture dealer’ at 550 Oxford Street, London, in articles of antiquity and vertu’ and that he had 18 70 and as ‘curiosity dealers and antique been in Jewell’s employ for 6 years and was furniture dealers’ at 496 8c 497 Oxford Street in formerly in the employ of ‘Messrs Wertheimer’ Kelly’s Directory, 1882. Jewell was indicted in (q.v.). Other dealers, Henry Watson (q.v.), Joseph 18 76 for receiving some ‘china figures’, ‘knowing Welsh (q.v.), John Eyles (q.v.), William Libbis them to be stolen’, the property of the collector (q.v.) and George Heigham (q.v.) also gave William Severin Salting (18 37-19 0 5 ), of 56 Green witness evidence at the court case. Street, Grosvenor Square at a court case heard at [www.oldbaileyonline.on;.] the Old Bailey on 3 1 “ January 1876 . Jewell had several supportive witnesses and was suggested to JOHNSON, Mrs E. be of ‘excellent character’ and found not guilty. Mrs E. Johnson is listed as ‘antique furniture When Jewell appeared at the Old Bailey he stated dealer’ at 60 8c 62 York Road, Lambeth, London, his age to be 26 and that he traded at 496 Oxford in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. Street. He was charged with receiving a rare Bristol China cup and saucer, part of a tea service JO H N SO N , William supplied to Edmund Burke and which was William Johnson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at suggested to have been painted with Burke’s Coat- 86 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory’, of-Arms and which Salting has previously bought 18 52. at Christie’s auction on io A May 1875, for £78.155; a further four Bristol china figures and a JONES, Morgan Bow figure, which had all been stolen from Morgan Jones is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Salting. The transcription of the court case 22 Davies Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, provides rich information on ceramic collecting in 1882. the period and the values of various manufactories. Salting’s evidence provides a JOSEPH, Abraham 8c Edward description of Jewell’s shop, which ‘had a desk Abraham Joseph is recorded as ‘dealer in about the middle of the shop, at the end of the furniture, pictures, china, jewellery’ and agars’ at first part of the china shop - it is not a regular 39 North Audley Street, in Pigot’s London counter, it is a desk where accounts are kept; it is Directory’, 18 39 and 18 4 1. Abraham Joseph is a kind of double shop; there was a good deal of listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 92 New Bond Street property in the shop - I should think £7,000 or and also at 3 Woodstock Street in Kelly’s £8,000 worth.’ Another witness (Charles Jones, Directory’, i860. Edward Joseph is listed as ‘art Jewell’s ‘shopman’) suggested that Jewell’s shop dealer’ at 158 New Bond Street in Kelly’s had £10,000 to £12,000 of stock.’ Directory’, 18 79 and as ‘dealer in works of an ’ at The dealer Charles Wertheimer (q.v.) of 154 New the same address in 1882. Bond Street also gave evidence at the trial of Abraham Joseph was the victim of theft in a court Jewell. Wertheimer said that he had known Jewell case heard at the Old Bailey on 20* August 18 38 , ‘for some time’ and that whilst Jewell did not when he stated that he was a ‘dealer in foreign ‘carry on a business the same as’ his own, he had china’ and lived at North Audley Street. Elizabeth DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 127

Falcke, probably a member of the Falcke {q.v.) Old Chelsea porcelain’ (lot 30 1) - illustrated; ‘an family of dealers, was also a witness in the court oblong ivory casket, of early iy ’’’ century work’ case at the Old Bailey, stating at the rime that she (lot 1003) - illustrated, and ‘ the unrivalled was married to Abraham Joseph’s brother, collection of miniatures by Richard Cosway and Edward. ‘M r Joseph’ (certainly Abraham) is contemporary miniaturists’ formerly ‘exhibited mentioned by Henry Bohn as supplying him by Mr Edward Joseph at Windsor Castle.’ information on ceramic marks for his book A LJohn Coleman Isaac archive, M Stj^lAJyj, no.93, Hartley Guide to Knotvledge o f Pottery and Porcelain Library, University’ of Southampton; Henry Bohn, a g u id e to Knowledge of Pottery and Porcelain, (1857); Catalogue of the (1857). Abraham Joseph is also known to have National Exhibition o f Works o f Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 20 j, p. supplied glass and enamels to the collector n o , p. 214, p. 224, p. 247, p. 267; Michael Hall, ‘Bric-a-Brac, a Thomas Gambier Parr}’ (18 16 -18 8 8 ) in the 1850s Rothschild's memoir of collecting’, A p o llo , July Sc August 2007, and 1860s. Baron Ferdinand Rothschild pp. jo-77, p. j8 ; wivw.oldbailcyonline.org.] (18 39 -18 9 8 ) wrote that the dealer Joseph senior had a ‘large enamel sconce by Jean Courtois’, JOSEPH, Solomon which he had acquired in Riga and which Solomon Joseph is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ Ferdinand’s father, Anselm, refused to buy, at 4 18 Oxford Road, London, in the records of ‘simply because he would not have transactions the Sun Fire Office during 18 19 -18 2 4 . Joseph is with ‘old’ Joseph. In September 18 5 7 whilst in listed at 21 Wardour Street the Sun Fire Office Venice the dealer John Coleman Isaac {q.v.) records in 18 2 5. Solomon Joseph is listed as recorded that ‘M r Joseph’ had been in Venice, but ‘importer of china and curiosities’ at 21 Wardour had ‘ bought little or nothing here’. Street in Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 and ‘curiosity Abraham Joseph loaned several objects to the dealer and importer of Dresden porcelain’ at National Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds in 2 1 Wardour Street in Kelly’s Director)’, 1840. 1868 including, two ‘Consular Tablets, 5d’ or 6* The dealer Lionel Harris {q.v.) entered into a century’, a carved wooden ‘Gothic Shrine, short-lived partnership with a dealer named 15 * century’, a ‘Large Urbino Plateau, painted Solomon Joseph as ‘dealers in works of art and with the Rape of the Sabines, from the Pirti antiquities’ at 12 7 Regent Street in the 1890s; this Palace’ and a small collection of ‘Vienna, Dresden Joseph may have been a relative of this earlier and Sevres Porcelain’. ‘E Joseph’ is recorded as Solomon Joseph. the buyer of at least 42 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in 18 8 2, JOYAN including ‘a bust of the Emperor Augustus, of Joyan is recorded as a ‘dealer in antiquities’ Egyptian porphyry’ (lot 19 1, £1,732.0.0.); ‘a trading in Paris from at least the early 1840s. Louis X V parqueterie Secretaire’ (lot 10 0 1, A report on the case of the ‘illegal sale’ of a shrine £535.10 .0 .) and ‘an Old Dresden Porcelain group from a church of ‘La Guene, which ‘according to of two men with a rat-trap’ (lot 126 3, £210.0.0.). tradition, contained the relics of St. Calminius’, E. Joseph is also recorded as the buyer of 7 lots at was published in Gentleman’s Magazine in the auction of the collection of Andrew Fountaine 1844, which suggested that ‘Joyen, a dealer in in 1884, including a Limoges enamel ‘Antique­ antiquities, of Paris’ had illegally purchased the shaped Ewer’ (lot 130 , £ 13 12 .10 .0 .) - shrine from an individual named Minier for 3,000 photographed in the catalogue; a Limoges enamel francs in 18 4 1. The ‘Council of Public Edifices of ‘Grisaille Cup, on foot, by Penicaud the third’ La Guene’ obtained a decree from the President of (lot 126 , £105.0.0.), and ‘an oval badge [piece the Tribunal of the Seine which ordered that the of armour] with Marcus Curtis in the centre’ shrine be returned to the church at La Guene. (lot 544 £16 2.15.0 .). {Gentleman's Magazine, January 1844, pp. 23-27.] Christie, Manson & Woods sold the ‘Renowned collection of objects and decoration of M r E. JURNEL Joseph, of 15 8 New Bond Street, who has entirely Jumel is recorded as a dealer in Paris; the relinquished business’, on 6* - 9* & 20* - collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) 22’“* M ay and 10* - 12* June 1890. The auction bought ‘a lovely pair of Chelsea-Derby figures’ comprised over 1500 lots, including ‘a goblet of (sold to her as ‘Saxe’) from Jumel in November early Venetian dark-blue glass, from the 1880. Castellani {q.v.) collection’, (lot 396) - illustrated (Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, in the catalogue: ‘a large c u d and cover of f.o.rl vnl - „ r. I 128 WL KALB copies of these celebrated chairs ; Kalb is recorded as a dealer in Amsterdam; the manufactured by M r Kensert for sale’. 1 collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) census returns for 18 4 1 record William Kcnst bought Chelsea porcelain from Kalb in November a ‘cabinetmaker’ aged 50 together with his \\ 18 72. Elizabeth aged 50. Kensett is suggested as 1 [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, (19 11), vol.i, p. 17 1.1 probable maker of the ‘ Bishop’s Chair’ fri the Bishop’s Palace at Wells, Somerset at 1 KASNER, Moses Victoria 8c Albert Museum (W.24.1913); 1 Moses Kasner is listed as ‘antique furniture chair was formerly in the collection of 1 dealer’ at 46 Greek Street, London, in the Post collector Walter L. Behrens. Office Directory for 18 3 2 and as a ‘curiosity [John Claudius Loudon, Art Encyclopaedia o f Villa. Farm dealer’ at the same address in 18 4 1. Moses Cottage Architecture, (1S33). p. n o t ; Geoffrey Bard Christopher Gilbert (eds.). Dictionary of English Fumi: Kasner is listed as ‘china and antique furniture Maters. 1660-1840, (19S6), p. 50S.] dealer’ at 46 Greek Street in Pigot’s London Directory, 18 3 6 and 18 3 9 and as ‘ancient KERR, George furniture dealer’ at 1 1 6 Wardour Street in Kelly’s George Kerr is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 2 Directory, 1844/5 and 1849. High Street, Poplar, London, in the Post Ofj Directory for 18 26 and 1836 . Kerr was the via K ATTER BACH & CO, Frederick Frederick Katterbach is listed as ‘antique furniture of the theft of some candlesticks in 1829; dealer’ at Dufours Place, Broad Street, London, in appeared at the Old Bailey on 9* April 1829 a the Post Office Directory for 1836 . Frederick described himself as a ‘broker’, at Poplar. [www.oldbaileyonline.org.] Katterback 8c Co is listed as ‘dealers in antique furniture’ at 10 Dufours Place, Broad Street, in Pigot’s London Directory, 18 39 . The dealer John KERRIDGE, George John 8c Mrs Elizabeth Coleman Isaac (q.v,:) exchanged some French George Kerridge (b. 1845/6) and Elizabi furniture and ‘ three ancient enamels’ for a Kerridge (b .1813/14) are listed as ‘art dealers’ ‘curious engraved vase’ containing the ‘sacred the Post Office Directories in the late 1870s. > waters of the Ganges’ with Fred Katterbach in Elizabeth Kerridge is listed as ‘dealer in works July 18 33. art’ at 26 Great Portland Street, London, [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Siyp/AJyj, Svaste book’, no.467. Kelly’s Director)’, 1882. The collector La Hartley Library, University o f Southampton.] Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought an eighteen century teapot from ‘Kerridge in Great Portia KENSETT, William Street’ in 1884. G. Kerridge is recorded as William Kensett is listed as ‘chair manufacturer’ buyer of ‘3 Old Dresden white cups and sauc< or ‘upholsterer’ at 66 Mortimer Street, London, (lot 1 2 5 1 , £2.12.6.) at the auction of the conte by 18 1 5 and as ‘upholsterer’ at the same address of Hamilton Palace in 1882. in Pigot’s Directory, 18 3 2 and 1839 . According [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Joun to John Claudius Loudon, Encyclopaedia of (1911M Villa, Farm and Cottage Architecture, (1833), ‘Mr Kensett sells curious specimens of both KINSEY, John Elizabethan and more ancient furniture’ and he John Kinsey is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at also had a room at Mortimer Street ‘fitted up Great Queen Street, London, in the Post O f with Elizabethan fragments.’ Loudon also Directory for 18 4 1. wrote that Kensett made...’a correct facsimilie of a chair taken from Tintern Abbey, and now KRYSER in Troy House, Monmouthshire; and two other Kryser is recorded by the collector Lady Charlc chairs from Glastonbury; one of which, called Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer trading the abbot’s chair, is of very elaborate Wagen Straat, Rotterdam in 18 73. workmanship, and the other no less remarkable (Montague Guest, (ed.) Lady Charlotte Schrribcr’s Joun fnr the simnlieitv nf ir«c construction. Correct l.OMl 1 129 1L LAMER, A. C. LAU REN CE, Francis A.C. Lamer is recorded as a ‘curiosity and picture Francis Laurence is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at dealer’ at 1 6 Rue Grange-Bataliere, Paris in the 4 Rotunda Terrace, Cheltenham, in the Post 1860s. Lamer sold curiosities and objets d ’art to Office Directory for 1859. the collector Josephine Bowes (18 2 5 -18 7 4 ) in the late 1860s and early 1870s. LAZARD (Sarah Kane, Turning Bibelots into Museum Pieces: Josephine Lazard is recorded as an art dealer trading in Coffin-Chevalier and the Creation of the Bowes Museum, Barnard Marseille, France. It is suggested that the novelist Castle’, Journal o f Design History, vol.9, no.i, (1996), pp. 1 - 1 1 , pp. 10-13.J Honore de Balzac (179 9 -18 50 ) may have used Lazard as the model for his fictional dealers, Elias LAMBETH Magus (the art and curiosity dealer) or Remonecq Lambeth is recorded as a dealer who sold objects (the scrap dealer turned curiosity dealer) in his to the collector William Beckford (176 0 -18 44) novel Cousin Pons (1848). Balzac recorded that during the 1830s. he bought some ceramics from Lazard in 1845. [Beckford archive, MSS B eckfo rd , Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet [Werner Muensterberger, Collecting, an unruly passion - Madoed, 'William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Derek psychological perspectives, (1994), pp. 13 1-1.) Ostergard (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye (or the magnificent, (loot), pp. 163-75, p. 165.J LAZARUS Lazarus is recorded as a dealer in Hamburg, LANSBERT, Henry Germany; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber Henry Lansbert is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought a pair of ‘Chelsea china 24 Cleveland Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, candlesticks’ from Lazarus in 1867. Montague 1882. Lazarus & Co is also listed as ‘dealers in works of art’ at 536 Oxford Street, London in Kelly’s LANGLOIS, Henry Directory, 1882. Henry Langlois is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, 293 Euston Road, London, in Kelly’s Directory, (19 11), vol.i,p. 45-1 i860. LEA, Samuel LANTHEIMER Samuel Lea is recorded as ‘ foreign china dealer’ Lantheimer was a curiosity dealer trading in aged 7 1, bom in London residing at 33 Great Germany in the 1830 s, 1840s and 1850s. Portland Street in the 18 6 1 Census, together with According to the dealer Gabriel Davies (q.v.), his wife Fanny (67), bom in Plymouth, Devon; Lantheimer bought a cabinet with medals and (see also Joseph Curt). enamels in Germany in 18 32 . The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) records that Lantheimer was LEE, Samuel still trading in 18 5 7 when he mentioned that he Samuel Lee is listed as ‘foreign china and curiosity encountered ‘ Lantheimer’ in August at Mayence, dealer’ at 21 Mount Street, London, in Pigot’s ‘on his way to Frankfurt Fair’. In the early 1830s Directory, 18 39 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Gabriel Davies had recorded that he thought that 57 Great Queen Street in the Post Office M r Lantheimer was untrustworthy and wrote to Directory for 18 4 1. his son-in-law, John Coleman Isaac ‘for God’s sake, don’t lend him any money’. LEG GET, David [John Coleman Isaac archive, M S139M/53, no.88, no.371. David Legget is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ Hartley Library, University of Southampton.) at 16 King Street, Covent Garden, London, in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 3 3 and is listed LATHAM, John as ‘furniture broker and cabinet case maker’ John Latham is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at at the same address in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. 4 Old Compton StTeet, Soho, London, in the Post Office Directory for 18 2 2 and as ‘dealer in LEO N , Levy artificial curiosities’ at 4 Old Compton Street in Levy Leon is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1824, 1826. Latham is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ 12 Elizabeth Street, Hans Place, London, in at the same address in 1829 and 1836. Kelly’s Directory, 1882. 130 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

LEPAUTRE, Mme LEWIS, Kensington Mme Lepautre is recorded as a dealer in Kensington Lewis (179 0 -18 5 4 ) was a silversmith curiosities at 30 Rue d’Amsterdam, Paris in the and silver dealer; he opened a shop in New Street, 1 860s. Lepautre sold curiosities and objets d'art Covent Garden, London, as early as 18 11 (Lewis to the collector Josephine Bowes (18 2 5 -18 7 4 ) in was the victim of theft in a case heard at the Old the late 1860s and early 1870s. Bailey on 24* October 18 2 1, when he stated that [Sarah Kane, ‘Turning Bibelots into Museum Pieces: Josephine he was a silversmith ‘carrying on business in Coffin-Chevalier and the Creation of the Bowes Museum, Barnard New-street, Covent Garden’ and that he had a Castle’, Journal o f Design History, vol.9, no.i, (1996), pp. 1 - 1 1 , pp. 10 -11.] ‘private residence in George-streer, Adelphi’ ). Lewis had moved his shop to 22 St. James’s Street LEUSCHNER in 18 2 2 and was also trading at N0.5 Comer of The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded that Ryder Street and St. James’s Street in 18 23. He Leuschner was a dealer trading at 15 Tannen- had another shop at 146 Regent Street in 18 24 . strasse, Berlin in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that Lewis is listed as ‘silversmith’ at 22 St James Leuschner ‘formerly had a modest collection in a Street in 18 3 2 & 18 3 3 and as ‘silversmith’ and shop on the Linden.’ ‘jeweller’ at the same address in Tallis’ London [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), Street Views, 1838/1840. p. ioi.] Lewis mainly appears to have sold contemporary silver but he also sold antique pieces, including LEVOI, Montague the Aldobrandini Tazze (now in the Wemher Montague Levoi is recorded as ‘dealer in pictures Collection). Samuel Solomon (q.iQ, the father of and curiosities’ at 52 Greek Street, Soho, London, Lewis, was also a silver dealer at 2 New Street in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 1820. Covent Garden. Kensington Lewis changed his Montague Levoi 8c Co is listed as ‘cigar name from Lewis Kensington Solomon on or manufacturers and importers’ at 38 Norfolk before 1 8 1 1 (he was bom in Kensington). Lewis Chambers in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. was famously involved in a public disagreement with Mr. Phillips, the auctioneer at the Fonthill LEVY, Lyon auction sale in 18 2 3, concerning the ‘Cellini Cup’ Lyon Levy is recorded as a ‘dealer in foreign belonging to William Beckford (176 0 -18 4 4 ). curiosities’ at 1 Borer’s Buildings, Cutler Street, Lewis wrote a letter to the editor of The Times (5* Houndsditch, London, in 18 26 and was the November, 18 2 3), in response to a letter victim of theft in a court case held at the Old published in the same newspaper from Mr. Bailey on 14 * September 1826. Phillips, in which Phillips had recounted a public ' [www.oldbaileyonline.org] debate that took place at the auction between M r Philips and Lewis over whether the object was LEVY, Simon made of topaz (as Phillips suggested) or crystal (as Simon Levy is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at Lewis contended). There was a lengthy debate 13 Charles Street, London, in the Post Office concerning the cup, (lot number 15 6 7 , 32 “* day, at Directory for 18 26 and 1836 . The dealer John the auction, sold for £6oogns), in the press, with Coleman Isaac (q.v.) records that he purchased a Lewis emphatically stating that it was made of 'Japan screen and 2 commodes with marble slabs' crystal, not topaz, citing a number of other from M r Levy in May 1830. dealer’s opinions as authorities, including, [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJyj, ‘waste book.’, no-467, M r Farmer (q.v.), M r Foster (q.v.), M r Baldock Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] (q.v.), and Mr Jarman (q.v.). The cup is now in the Metropolitan Museum in New York (accessioned LEVY in 1982) and is now believed to be made of smoky The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded a dealer quartz and to be made in the workshop of named Levy trading at 20 Dorotheen Strasse, Ferdinand Eusobio Miseroni (active 1656-84), Berlin in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that Levy ‘an with early 19 4 century French mounts. According unquestionable Israelite, as indeed nearly all bric- to Clive Wainwright, Lewis sold some ebony a-brac dealers are...Iis] fair and truthful, and furniture to George IV in 18 25. Lewis retired from moreover, a first-rate judge; and at times he has the business of silversmith in 18 38 and became a many articles worthy of admiration.’ property speculator; eventually he became [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-n-Brjc Hunter, (1868), p. 101.] bankrupt shortly before his death in 1854 . DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 131

[Gerald Reitlingcr. The Economics of Taste. Volume II, in 1890, whose membership included H. Stacy (1963). p. 87; John Culme, ‘Kensington Lewis, 3 ninctrenth- Marks R.A. (chairman), Onslow Ford R.A. and cennitr businessman'. Connoisseur, rol.190, September 1975, Walter Crane. Frederick Litchfield was notable as p. 26 -4 1; Clive Wainwrighr, The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home 1770-1850, (1989), p. 43, p. 142; the author of a number of articles and books on www.oldbailes-online.org.] antique collecting, most famously Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide for Collectors, (1879) and LIBBIS, William Henry Illustrated History o f Furniture, (1892). Frederick William Henry Libbis is listed as ‘ furniture Litchfield lived at the house of his father, Samuel broker’ at 55 Gray’s Inn Road, London, in Pigot’s Litchfield (q.v.), The Lordship, Cheshunt, Directory, 18 39 . Libbis described himself as Hertfordshire, after the death of his father in 1894. ‘dealer in china and antique furniture’ at 1 1 2 [Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide for Gray’s Inn Road, during his evidence as witness in Collectors, (1879); Frederick Litchfield, Illustrated History of Furniture, (1892); d ive Wainwrighr, The Romantic Interior, the the court case against the dealer David Jewell British collector at home 1750-1850, (1989), p. 43; Aileen (q.v.) on 3 1 “ January 1876. Libbis stated ‘I have Dawson, ‘Franks and European Ceramics, Glass and Enamels’, in been in that business for thirrv years.’ Marjorie Caygill & John C h erry (eds.), A. it! Franks, Nineteenth- [www.oldbailcTonlino.org] century collecting and the British Museum, (1997), pp. 200-219, p. 208.] LIGHTOW LER, David David Lightowler is listed as ‘antique china LITCHFIELD, Samuel dealer’ at 58 Queen Street, Hull in Kelly’s Samuel Litchfield (a 8 18 -18 9 4 ) worked for the Directory, 1879. dealer E. H. Baldock (<7.1’.), before establishing his own business in 1838. Litchfield is listed as LISSAUER ‘curiosity, shell 8c etc dealer’ at 17 Hanway Street, Lissauer is recorded as a dealer in Hamburg, London, in Pigot’s London Directory, 1839 and is Germany; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 52a Mortimer Street (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought some ‘a lovely Chelsea bird in the Post Office Directory for 18 4 1. The 18 4 1 and a Chelsea-Derby figure of “ Time clipping census records Samuel Litchfield aged 23, residing Love’s wings” , all for £ j ’ from Lissauer in at Goodge Street, a lodger with the dealer Samuel October 1880. Woollatt (q.v.); and in 18 4 1 Litchfield married [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, Catherine Codings, the step-daughter of Samuel (19 11), T0I.2, p. 306.] Woollatr. By the 18 5 1 Census, Samuel Litchfield and his wife Catherine (d.1885) are recorded at LITCHFIELD, Frederick 21 Hanway Street. Samuel Woollatt (q.v.) died in Frederick Litchfield, the son of Samuel Litchfield Bow Lunatic Asylum in 1855 and Samuel (q.v.), joined his father’s business at 28 8c Litchfield advertised the sale of Wollatt’s stock at 30 Hanway Street, London, in 1866 and Woollatt’s former shop, 28 Wardour Street, in continued to trade with his father at various November 1857 (The Times November 26,b London addresses, together with his younger 1857). Samuel Litchfield continues to be listed as brother Thomas, until Samuel Litchfield’s ‘curiosity dealer 8c antique furniture dealer’ at 28 retirement in 1885, when the partnership of 8c 30 Hanway Street and at 3 Bruton Street in Samuel, Frederick and Thomas, ‘china and antique Kelly’s Director)', 1882. furniture dealers, importers of works of an, and Litchfield was also in partnership with Leopold upholsterers and decorators’ was dissolved. In Radclyffe (q.v.) trading at 22 Hanway Street from February 1895 Frederick Litchfield purchased the <1857 and at 30 Hanway Street and 19 Green premises and the stock of the ‘an dealer’ George Street, Leicester Square by i8 6 0 - Leopold Sinclair who had died <1893, at 55» 57 & 59 Radclyffe may have been related to E. Radclyffe Shaftesbury Avenue and transfened his business ‘picture importer and dealer, carver and gilder’ from Hanway Street, continuing the name ‘Sinclair listed as 2 3 7 High Holbom in John Tallis’s Galleries’ (see Pall Mall Gazette, February 5* London Street Views, 1838/40. Litchfield and 1895). Frederick retired from business in 1903, Radclyffe advertised in The Times on October 29* when Foster’s (q.v.) held an auction sale of 18 5 7 , ‘ Gentlemen, wishing to add to their Litchfield’s stock on the premises in July 1903. collections, will find, by an inspection of the stock Frederick was also a founding member and a of Messrs Litchfield and Radclyffe, some good director, of ‘The Decorative Ans Guild’, founded and rare SDecimens of Sevres and D resden 132. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

Porcelaine, Maiolica, Limoges Enamels, Venetian of Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘an ebony Glass, and a matchless collection of old Vienna cabinet’ (lot 299, £409.10.0.); ‘an Old Sevres China Plates, collected by M r Litchfield in his Porcelain plate’ (lot 489, £11.0 .6 .) and ‘a small recent travels in Germany, Italy, and other old German tableclock’ (lot 2 19 9 , £23.2.0.). continental cities’. Frederick Litchfield is recorded as the buyer of 2 Litchfield & Radclyffe continued to be listed as lots at the auction sale of the collection of Andrew ‘antique furniture dealers’ at 30 Hanway Street & Fountaine at Christie’s in June 1884; a Limoges 19 Green Street, Leicester Square in trade enamel’ Tinted Grisaille Plate, by Pierre directories in i86 0 and 1870 . An invoice dated 8* Raymond’ (lot 4 19 £42.0.0.) and an Ivory May 1862 from ‘Litchfield & Radclyffe, ‘Diptych, carved with the Crucifixion and the Importers & Dealers in Antique Furniture, China, Resurrection’ (lot 522 £19.19.0 .). Litchfield was a Bronzes, Pictures and Objects of Art, 30 Hanway prominent member of the Fountaine syndicate Street & 19 Green Street, Leicester Square’ to established to purchase objects on behalf of the ‘Her Grace, the Dowager Duchess of Nation at the auction. Northumberland’, for ‘a very fine jewelled Sevres Frederick Litchfield (q.v.), Samuel’s son, joined dejeune in a case compIete....£z9.8.o.’, is in the the business in 1866 and was also later joined by John Johnson collection at the Bodleian Library, Samuel’s other son Thomas. Samuel opened a Oxford; the invoice also states that they branch which focused on ‘Upholstery and were ‘established 18 3 8 ’ (figure 37). Litchfield & Decoration’ at 19 Green Street, Leicester Square Radclyffe supplied the collector Charles Winn in ci 876, under the management of Thomas, who (1 79 5“ i 8 74) of Nostell Priory, Wakefield, with had ‘completed a long engagement with Messrs ‘an Old Marquetrie Secretaire’ for £16.0.0., and Gillow, of Oxford Street.’ Another son, Arthur, ‘subjects in china called the four elements’, for aged 19 years of age was drowned in a boating £30 in December 186 7 - (the ‘Old Marquetrie accident at Henley on Thames in 18 78 . Secretaire’ was possibly the ‘Dutch Walnut and In <1876 Samuel Litchfield, 28 & 30 Hanway Foliate Marquetry Bombe Bureau’ sold at the Street, published a catalogue and price list of his Nostell Priory auction sale, Christie’s 304 April - stock, entitled The Dresden Gallery. The i “ May, 1990, lot 262, £13,20 0 ). Litchfield & catalogue included a ‘Cabinet Specimens for Radclyffe also had a stand at the 18 6 2 Connoisseurs’ with lithograph illustrations of International Exhibition in London. Leopold various pieces of Meissen porcelain, ‘mostly Radclyffe is recorded as ‘China Dealer’ at those modelled by Joachim Kandler’, together 30 Hanway Street in the 18 6 1 census returns. with the prices at which they were for sale. The The partnership of Litchfield & Radclyffe was catalogue also included an extensive list of other dissolved in 1870. porcelain manufactories which Litchfield Samuel Litchfield ‘of Hanway Street’ bought at suggested he had in stock and included least 8 lots at the auction of the collections at commentary on other objects he sold, including Stowe in 1848, including ‘eighteen plates of rich antique furniture, as the following notice old Japan* (lot 3, £ 1.18 .); ‘an amber crucifix, and suggests; ‘The importation of antique a bronze crucifix, from the Abbey of St. Bertin, at marqueterie furniture has always been one of the Rouen’ (lor 48, £2.9.0.); and ‘Raffaelle ware leading branches of my business and a large plates’, (lot 54, £ 1.13 ., lot 60 £0 .18. & lot 6 1, assortment of really fine pieces, personally £ 1.11.). Litchfield is also recorded as the buyer of collected on the Continent, are always for sale at at least 25 lots at the auction sale of the collection moderate prices.’ The Dresden Gallery included of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , an advertisement for porcelain ‘safety clips’; ‘the including ‘a two-handled sword, with scalloped merits of these little clips are their safety-, pommel and twisted hilt’ (lot 2 13 5 , £2.10.0.); ‘a unobtrusiveness, and simplicity-: they show to pair of pistols, inlaid with ivory, the barrels have advantage specimens that would pass unnoticed, the date 1 5 7 7 ’ (lot 2224, £5.17.0 .); ‘a steel cap, of and do much to promote the pretty- arrangement an officer of pikeman, between the years 16 10 of every collection’. Litchfield announced and 16 3 5 ’ (lot 2524, £2.16.0.); and ‘a round gilt that the safety clip had been ‘supplied to metal watch...date 1500 to 15 5 0 ’ (lot 3928, H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh and £2.8.0.). ‘S.Litchfield’ is recorded as the buyer of H.R.H. Prince Leopold’. The invention of the at least 43 lots at the auction sale of the contents safety clip is credited to Litchfield, as was DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 133

reported in the contemporary press; ‘Mr Samuel several significant nineteenth-century collectors, Litchfield, whose fine art galleries in Hanway- as well as selling copies of Renaissance sculptures street are so well known, has invented a clip or etc. In 1859 Lombardi is known to have sold stand, which must be invaluable to collectors of the collector Charles Formum (1820 -1899 ) an rare china’ (John Bull, December iS* 1875). The unfinished relief he had made in the style of the clips themselves comprised small wire stands and Renaissance sculptor Desiderio da Settignano hanging devices still often used by porcelain (01430-1464) (now at the Ashmolean Museum, collectors today. Oxford). Lombardi is also known to have sold In 1885 the partnership of Samuel, Frederick and objects to the art dealer Samuel Woodburn. Thomas, ‘china and antique furniture dealers, Henry' Cole (18 0 8 -18 82) visited Lombardi in importers of works of an, and upholsterers and 1859 whilst on a buying trip for the South decorators’ was dissolved, and it seems that Kensington Museum. Lombardi, together with Samuel retired from business at this time. Samuel the Italian picture restorer Ugo Baldi, sold 22 Litchfield’s wife, Catherine Helen, died on 5* July paintings to the National Gallery, London for the 18 8 5, aged 67, at the house that he had built in sum of £7,000 in 18 57 , including Paolo Uccello Cheshunr, Hertfordshire called ‘The Lordship’. (I -I )» Battle of San Romatto. This The Hanway Street business was continued by 397 475 transaction was negotiated through Otto Frederick who later moved to ‘Sinclair Galleries’ in Shaftesbury Avenue; whilst Thomas continued Mundler ( 18 11-18 7 0 ), the German art dealer and to trade as ‘ Litchfield & Co’, ‘antique furniture historian, who visited Lombardi on several dealers’, at 3 Bruton Street in the 19 10 occasions during the period 18 5 6 -5 7 . A marble directories. In 18 8 7 Thomas Litchfield supplied relief commemorating the life of Lombardi was china to the value of £ 36 .14 .6 to the Duke of erected in Medici chapel in Santa Croce, Florence Newcastle. After retiring from business Samuel in 1864. Litchfield was elected to represent Waltham [The Travel Diary o f Otto Miindler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, (198;), pp. 69-154, passim; John Popc-Hennessy, ‘The Forging Cross on the 1 “ Hertfordshire County Council, of Italian Renaissance Sculpture’, A p o llo , volume XCIX, no. 146 and he died in 1894. (New Series), April 1974, pp. 241-167, p. 147, p. 148.) [Charles Winn archive, \V)'Lijy2/Ai/S/i6/4y, West Yorkshire Archives; Samuel Litchfield, The Dresden Gallery (n.d. .1877); Frederick Litchfield, Tottery and Torcelain. a Guide to Collectors, LOWENSTEIN, Lazare (1879), p. 3 13 ; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the Lazare Lowenstein was a member of a family of British Collector at Home 1730-1830, (1989), p. 43; Information dealers with shops in Frankfurt, Vienna and on the family history of Samuel Litchfield kindly supplied by Anne Carwirdine.) London from the 1850s. Lowenstein gave the South Kensington Museum some nineteenth- LOCKER century drawings for goldsmith’s work by Locker is recorded as a curiosity dealer in the Rheinhold Vasters (18 2 7 -19 0 9 ), the famous 1860s. John Charles Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ) of nineteenth-century goldsmith. There was an the South Kensington Museum noted that Locker auction sale, held by Christie’s in London, of the had purchased some drawings by the Dutch artist ‘Vienna Museum, the works of art, the property Van de Velde at the Leemburgen auction sale in of Messrs Lowenstein Brothers’, sold March 12*, Amsterdam in March 1866 and offered them to i860. The catalogue for this sale is said to be the the museum for £60, the same price that he had first catalogue which was illustrated with paid for them at the sale. photographs, (35 albumen prints) and the works [Helen Davies, 'John Charles Robinson's work at the South Kensington Museum, Part II, from 1863 to 1867: consolidation included in the sale included Tycho Brahe’s and conflict’. Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.i i, no.i, astronomical dial. «999.IT- 9 J - ” J. P- io7-1 [Clive Wainwright (edited for publication by Charlotte Cere), 'The making of the South Kensington Museum IIP, Journal of the LOMBARDI, Francesco History o f Collections, vol.14, no.i, pp. 45-61, p. 49.I Francesco Lombardi {1787-1864), was a goldsmith 8c silversmith and a dealer in an and LUSH, Charles curiosities on the Ponte Vecchio in Florence in Charles Lush is listed as ‘antique dealer’ at 98 (no the mid nineteenth-century. Lombardi sold location stated) in Webster’s Royal Red Book in Renaissance sculDture and coldsmith work to London. 1849. 134

m DEMAAN Pesaro Lustred Dish’ (lot 50, £16 1.10 .0 .); an de Maan is recorded as a dealer in Rotterdam; ‘ Henri II ware, Mortier a Cire’ (lot 297, the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber £1,575.0 .0 ., and a Limoges enamel ‘ Large Oval (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought 5 Bristol porcelain figures Plaque, subject Moses and the Children of Israel for £32.0.0. from de Maan (she records that de pursued by the Pharaoh’ (lot 446, £325.10 .0 .). Maan believed them to have been made by the Mannheim is cited (along with the dealer Lazard) Chelsea manufactory) in March 1874. as the model for the novelist Honore de Balzac’s [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Sdrreiber's Journal, (r79 9 -i8 5o ) character Elias Magus in the novel (19 11), vol.i, p. 15 1.] Cousin Potts (1848). [John Coleman Isaac archive. M StjtfAJjj, no.SS, Hartley MAGGI Library, University of Southampton; Gerald Reitlinger, T h e Maggi was a curiosity dealer at Strada Carlo Economics of Taste, 1 •olume I I , (1963), p. 130, p. 134; d ive Wainsvright (edited for publication by Charlotte Gerr), "The Felice, Genoa, Italy in the 1850s. According to the making of the South Kensington Museum IIT, Journal o f the publisher John Murray, writing in 18 5 2 , Maggi History o f Collections, V0L14, no.i, lo ot, pp. 43-61, p. 49.] had ‘a good collection of curiosities’, but at ‘most unreasonable prices, which he has been known to JOHN MANNING abate 50 per cent'. John Manning traded as ‘a dealer in curiosities, [John Murray, Handbook forTravellers in Northern Italy, (i8 ;i), and glass and clothes’ at 23 Great St Andrew p. 88.] Street, Seven Dials, London, in 18 3 5 . Manning inadvertently bought a set of stolen tools from a M AN N H EIM , Charles thief in January 18 3 5 , when he described himself Charles Mannheim was a dealer in works of art, as ‘a general dealer in curiosities, and glass, and opening a shop in 10 Rue de la Paix, Paris, in clothes, and anything that is useful.’ 18 4 1. By the 1860s, Mannheim was trading at [wwiv.oldbaileyontine.com] 7 Rue Saint-Georges, Paris. In August 18 5 7 the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded that M AN SER, William ‘Mr. Mannheim from Paris arrived in Frankfurt, William Manser (17 7 9 -18 6 2) traded as ‘furniture he buys everything’. japanner and as carver and gilder’ at 27 Wardour Mannheim is recorded as an ‘expert’ for the Street, London, from at least 18 19 . He continued catalogue of the auction sale of the collection of to be listed as ‘Chair Japanner’ at 27 Wardour Prince Anatole Demidoff (18 12 -18 7 0 ), sold at Street in 18 3 2 and in 18 33 but by 18 36 he is listed San Donato, Florence in March and April 1870 . as ‘antique furniture dealer’. Manser is listed as Mannheim is known to have sold objects to the ‘ancient furniture and carver and gilder’ at the South Kensington Museum during the 1860s and same address in Tallis’ London Street Views, 1870s and also sold objects to the 4* Marquess of 18 38 -18 4 0 and Pigot's London Directory', 1840 Hertford and acted as an agent for the Rothschild and 1844. Manser made substantial investments in family. Charles Mannheim also loaned objects to property’ during the 1830s and 1840s, acquiring the Special Loan Exhibition of Spanish and long leases on various houses in Myddleton Portuguese Ornamental Art at the South Square, Clerkenwell. Manser died on 29* July Kensington Museum in 1881, including ‘a 18 6 2 at 1 7 Myddleton Square. Coffret, marquetry of wood ornamented with [Geoffrey Beard t c Christopher Gilbert (eds.), Dictionary of roses’, ‘a vase of Hispano-Moresque lustre-ware’ English Furniture Makers, 1660-1840, (1986), p. 373.] and ‘a Cabinet on a stand, carved walnut wood.’ ‘C. Mannheim’ is recorded as the buyer of at least M A N V E LL, Charles Tyler 3 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Charles Tyler Manvell is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a pair of Old at 33 Glasshouse Street, London, in Kelly’s Japan lacquer fan-shaped boxes’ (lot 138, Directory’, 1882. £28.7.0.) and ‘a pair of Louis X IV ormolu ornaments, formed as vases, on openwork stands’ M APLETO N , William (lot 290, £204.5.0.). ‘Mannheim’ is also recorded William Mapleton was listed as a ‘furniture as the buyer of 5 lots at the Andrew Fountaine broker’ at 10 Portsmouth Street in the 1860s. collection auction sale in June 1884 including ‘a The census returns for 18 6 1 list William DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 135

Mapleton aged 49 a ‘ furniture broker’ bom in ‘Marks, Oxford Street’ is recorded as the buyer of Reading, together with his wife Sarah aged 38, 6 lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph bom in Southwark. Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 55 , including ‘a silver fluted wager drinking cup, gilt, richly M ARCY, Louis embossed with arabesques...of German work, 17* Louis Marcy, (18 6 0 -19 45) " ’hose real name was century’ (lot 138 6 , £15.4.6.); ‘a German green Luigi Parmiggiani, traded mainly in Paris, but also hock glass, engraved with huntsmen’ (lot 2823, had a shop in Marylebone, London. It is recorded £1.6.0.), and ‘an enamelled copper box, of large that Marcy was dealing by at least 1890 and also square-shape, silver gilt chased mounting...the lid had links to both anarchist and forger)' circles by with a portrait of Augustus of Saxony—formerly that date. Marcy made a number of forged belonged to George IV ’ (lot 3828, £7.0.0.). medieval works of an and was notorious in the Emanuel’s wife died on 3"* January i860 at 395 museum world. A number of objects purporting Oxford Street. Emanuel Marks appears to have to date from the medieval period were purchased retired from business by the mid 1870s, although by the South Kensington Museum in the 1890s, he is recorded as still an active buyer up to the including a champleve enamel chessboard (V & A 1 880s. The business was continued by his son 320 -18 9 5) and a gilt copper and champleve Murray Marks (q.v.), who was also later in enamel casket (V & A 4 32 -18 9 5 ). partnership with Durlacher Brothers (q.v.). Marcy produced a journal in Paris between 1907 (Clive Wainwrighr, *A gatherer and disposer of other men’s stuffe’, and 19 14 called Le Connoisseur in which he Murray Marks, connoisseur and curiosity dealer’. Jo u rn a l o f the wrote articles criticising museums and fellows History o f Collections, vol.14, no.i, zooz, pp. 161-176.) dealers. He eventually moved to Italy and continued to trade, he sold a collection of objects MARKS, Murray to the municipality of Reggio Emilia which Murray Marks (18 4 0 -19 18 ) was one of the most opened as a museum, the Galleria Parmeggiani well known dealers in both paintings and other with Marcy, who by then had reverted to his real decorative objects during the second half of the name, as the curator. nineteenth-century. Marks’ connections with (Marion Campbell & Claude Blaic, ‘ "Vive le vol", Louis Marcy, many of the most important individuals of anarchist and faker’, in Mark Jones, (ed), Wiry Fakes Matter, essays on the problem o f authenticity, (1991), pp. 134-47; David nineteenth-century art and literature is well Phillips, Exhibiting Authenticity, (1 997), pp. 117 -19 ; Claude Blair known, he was friendly with Swinburne, Morris, and Marion Campbell, Louis Marcy: Oggetti d ’arte della Galleria Whistler and Rossetti and he sold objects to a Parmeggiani di Reggio Emilia, (zoo8).] wide range of collectors including the painter E.W. Cooke, Richard Norman Shaw, Sir Henry M ARKS, Benjamin Thompson, Wilhelm von Bode and J. Pierpont Benjamin Marks is listed as ‘fine an dealer’ at 69 Morgan. Murray Marks was the grandson of Three Colt Street, London, in Kelly's Director)', Emanuel Marks van Galen (q.v.) and originally 1889. worked with his father, the dealer, Emanuel Marks (q.v.). Murray left his father’s employ in M ARKS, Emanuel the early 1860s and was trading at 2 1 Sloane Emanuel Marks was the son of a ‘curiosity dealer’ Street by 1864 as a dealer in works of art and then named Emanuel Marks van Galen (q.v.) who traded in Amsterdam in the opening decades of moved to 129 High Holbom in 18 6 5-6 9 as the nineteenth-century. Emanuel Marks was ‘curiosity dealer’. Murray Marks then moved trading from 395 Oxford Street by at least 1850, back to his father’s premises at 395 Oxford Street sharing the premises with a carpet manufacturer and after his father had retired in the mid 1870s, and the removal firm of Pickfords. By the late Marks had the premises re-designed in 18 75 by 1850s Emanuel had taken his son, Murray Marks the architect Richard Norman Shaw, (the shop (q.v.) into the business, which had expanded and was demolished in the early twentieth-century). by 18 6 2 Emanuel Marks was listed in the Murray Marks was also known as a decorator directories as ‘Importer of antique furniture, and decorated the Green Room Club in 18 77. He Sevres, Dresden, oriental china & curiosities’ and also contributed to a catalogue of an exhibition of as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 395 Oxford Street in Kelly's Chinese Blue & White porcelain belonging to the London Post Office Directory, 1865 and as ‘art collector Sir Henry Thompson (1820 -190 4) at dealer and importer’ at the same address in 1879. 395 Oxford Street in 1878. 36 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Marks often bid at auction on behalf of the South other men's stuffc’, Murray Marks, connoisseur and curiosity dealer’. Journal o f the History o f Collections, vol.14, no.i, 2002, Kensington Museum and sold several objects to pp. 161-76.I the museum during the 1870s and 1880s. Marks also presented a considerable number of objects M ARRIO TT, Charles to the South Kensington Museum in the last 10 Charles Marriott was a brass founder and years of his life and also made donations of armourer in the period 18 15 -1 8 4 7 . He supplied objects to the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, ancient armour and also made armour, possibly (including a Roman mosaic, letters by D.G. supplying Matthew Russell at Brancepeth Castle, Rossetti and a painting of the Virgin Mary by Van Northumberland. Marriott became Master of the Orley), as well as donations to Birmingham Art Company of Brass Founders and Brasiers. Gallery and Brighton Museum and Library, where (Mark Girouard, The Return to Camelot, Chhulry and the English he had a house at 75 Marine Parade. The writer G entlem an, (1981), p. 66.] and collector James Orrock (1829-1913) mentions that Marks was employed by Durlacher MASH, Thomas Brothers [q.v.) of Bond Street, but it may be that Thomas Mash is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ at he confuses the fact that Durlacher Bros merged 10 2 Wardour Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, with Marks in the 1870s. ‘Marks, Durlacher’ are 18 3 9 . Mash is listed as ‘ appraiser’ at 10 2 recorded as the buyers of at least 24 lots at the Wardour Street in John Tallis’s London Street auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in Views, 1838/1840 and as ‘furniture dealer’ at 10 2 1882, including ‘a pair of Chinese eggshell vases’ Sc 103 Wardour Street in 18 4 5 and 1849. Mash is (lot 1 1 8 , £20 4.15.0.) and ‘Marks Durlacher listed as ‘upholsterer’ at the same address in 18 52. Brothers’ are recorded as purchasers of at least 24 Mash was trading as ‘cabinet-maker’ in Wardour lots at the Andrew Fountaine collection auction Street as early as 1828, when he was the victim of sale in 1884, including a maiolica 'Urbino vase’ theft at a case heard at the Old Bailey on 2 1" (lot 75, £73.10.0.); a Limoges enamel ‘small plate, February 18 28 and is listed in the trade in coloured enamels’ (lot 10 7, £28.7.0.), and a directories as ‘upholder’ at 10 2 Wardour Street in Limoges enamel ‘Antique-formed Ewer, signed P. 1829. At least two pieces of early 19* century R.’ (lot 284, £367.10.0.). In 1884 the Furniture furniture have been found with the stamp of Gazette announced that Murray Marks had ‘Thomas Mash 10 2 Wardour Street’ . ‘retired from the firm of Marks, Durlacher Bros, (Geoffrey Beard & Christopher Gilbert (eds.). Dictionary of dealers in furniture and articles of vertu’. In 1885 English Furniture Makers, 1660-1840, (1986); Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture Marks & Durlacher moved to 23a Bond Street 1700-1840, (1996), p. 39; www.oldbaileyonline.org.] and by 18 8 7 they had moved to 14 2 New Bond Street. Marks, Durlacher Bros (q.v:) are listed as MATTHEWS, George ‘curiosity dealers’ at 103 (formerly 395) Oxford George Matthews is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Street in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. 3 7 High Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight in Pigot’s Marks lived at 57 Egerton Crescent, London and Directory, 1844. died on M ay 6* 19 18 aged 78 at his house at 75 Marine Parade, Brighton. (Obituary The Times M AW E, Sarah and John May 8th 19 18 ). After his death, his remaining Sarah Mawe (176 7-18 4 6 ) is listed as a ‘curiosity collection was dispersed at auction sale by dealer’ at 149 Strand, London, in 18 3 2 and as Christie’s on 2nd and 3 rd July 19 18 and his ‘Old ‘Mineralogist to Her Majesty, manufacturer & Pictures’ at Christie’s on y* July 19 18 . Importer of Ornaments in Alabaster’ at 149 (Murray Marks, Sir Henry Thompson tc James Whistler; 4 catalogue o f blue and white Nankin porcelain from the collection Strand in John Tallis’s London Street Victvs, of Sir Henry Thompson, (1878); Byron Webber, James Orrock, 1838/40, and as ‘mineralogist and importer of R ./., Painter, Connoisseur, Collector, (1 vols.), (1903), vol.i, p. alabaster spar and gems’ 149 Strand in Pigot’s 19 1; George Williamson, Murray Marks and his Friends, (1919); Directory, 18 39 . Sarah had married John Mawe Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics o f Taste, volume II, (1963), p. 203, p. 107-9; R. Miles, ‘Murray Marks and Thomas Elsley, (176 4 -18 29 ) the famous British mineralogist in importers of Dutch tiles’. Journal o f the Tiles and Architectural 179 4 and they had opened a shop at 149 Strand Ceram ic Society, 1, (1978), pp. 3-9; Clive Wainwright, ‘Curiosities as early as 1811. John Mawe had earlier to Fine Art, Bond Street’s first dealers’, Country Life, 29* May established a museum at Matlock, Derbyshire and 1986, pp. 1318 -9 ; Dianne S. Madeod, Art and the Victorian Middle Class: Money and the Making o f Cultural Identity,(1^96), travelled to Brazil in 1804, publishing Travels in p. 314, pp. 4 31-3; Clive Wainwright, ‘A gatherer and disposer of the Interior o f Brazil in 18 12 . The Last Will and DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 137

Testament of ‘Sarah Mawe, widow, of the Strand’, and act as agent; for example, he acted as bidding was proved on 2 6rt“ September 1846 agent for Lord Hertford at the auction sale of the (Probi 1/2042). Sarah Mawe died aged 79 on collection of Samuel Rogers in 1856 , buying the September 10* 1846. An early 19* century bronze ‘portrait of Don Balthazar’ by Velazquez pedestal table with circular marble top exists (£1270.105). Mawson regularly appears as both which bears the paper label inscribed buyer and seller of paintings at various London ‘Mineralogist M AW E 149 Strand’. auction rooms during the period 18 30 -18 4 0 . [Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary o f Marked London Mawson died on 25'‘1 August 1862 at his house at Furniture 1700-1840, (1996), p. 39.] 13 Bridge Street, St John’s Wood. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no.467, M AW SON, Samuel Moses no.90. Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Gustav Samuel Moses Mawson (1793-1862) was a Waagen, Treasures o f Art in Great Britain, (3 vols.) (1854), (1999 edition), p. 338; George Redford, A rt Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), dealer and picture importer from at least 1829, passim; Frank Herrmann, The English as Collectors, (1971), pp. when he was selling to the dealer Foster (q.v.). He 280-87; John Ingamells, (ed.). The Hertford Mawson Letters, was trading from various addresses in London; in (1981); Jacob Simon, directory of British picture restorers 18 37 as ‘picture dealer’ at 3 Carlisle Street, Soho 1630-1930, svww.nationalportraitgallery.org; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.| Square, and by 18 4 1 he had moved to 3 Berners Street, moving to 29 Soho Square in 1859 and 13 MAYER, Joseph Bridge Street, St John’s Wood in 18 6 1. According The collector Joseph Mayer FSA (18 0 3-18 86 ) is to the dealer John Coleman Isaac {q.v.), who listed as ‘working jeweller’ at 68 and 70 Lord bought ‘two small oval tables’ from Mawson, he Street, Liverpool in Gore’s Directory’, 18 53 and is was trading at ‘7 Thomas Street, near the Cobury listed as ‘goldsmith and jeweller’ at 68 Lord Theatre’ in August 18 32. John Coleman Isaac Street, Liverpool in 18 57 . Mayer was born on also mentions that Mawson bought a collection February 23r<1 1803 at Thistlebury House, (he does not state of what type) in Baden in 18 5 7 Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire and by for £80, which Isaac had just missed the 18 34 was in partnership with his brother-in-law possibility’ of purchasing by one week. James Wordley at 62 Lord Street, Liverpool as S.M.Mawson is listed as a subscriber to Henry R. ‘silversmith and jeweller’. By 1844 Mayer had set Forster’s Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated up on his own as working jeweller at 68 Lord (1848) and also bought 4 lots at the Stowe Street. It is clear that Mayer was primarily a auction in 1848, including ‘a negro armed with manufacturing jeweller, (his hallmark was bow and arrows, by Rembrandt’ (lot 4 10 , registered at Chester 18 4 3 -7 3 ) however an £26 3.11.0 .); ‘Sybilla Persica, by Domenichino’ advertisement in 18 5 7 by Joseph Mayer suggests (lot 432, £724.10.0.) and ‘the numerical servant that he also traded in antique silver and brought before his lord, by Rembrandt’ (lot 438, curiosities; ‘Joseph Mayer 68 Sc 70 Lord Street, £2,300.0.0.), all purchased on behalf of Richard Modeller, Chaser, Engraver, Gold and Silversmith’ Seymour Conway’, 4dl Marquess of Hertford for states that ‘Mayer takes in exchange all sorts of whom he acted extensively as agent as well as Old Fashioned Articles; and also has a great assisting in the arrangement of Hertford’s variety of all descriptions of second-hand Silver collection at Berkeley Square and later at Spoons, Forks, Cups, Urns, and other goods.’ Hertford House, Manchester Square. Mayer was elected a Fellow of the Society’ of S.M.Mawson is recorded as the buyer of one lot Antiquaries in January’ 1850 and is well-known as at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph a significant collector of antiquities and objects of Bemal (1783-1854) in March 1855, ‘a pair of vertu who acquired several collections during the silver circular entree dishes’ (lot 4 0 71, £5.10.0.). second half of the 19 * century’, including those of In 1854 the German museum director Gustav Bryan Faussert in 18 54 , Franz Fejervary in 18 55, Waagen (179 4 -18 6 8 ) mentioned that Mawson Bram Hertz {q.v.) in 1856 and W.H.RoIfe in sold good pictures. Mawson was selling paintings 18 57 . Mayer opened his own ‘Egyptian Museum at auction in Paris in 1844 in collaboration with at 8 Conduit Street, Liverpool in 18 5 2 , which by the dealer M . Cousin (<7.1'.) and in 18 53 in 18 6 7 was renamed the ‘Museum of National and collaboration with the dealer Henry Farrer {q.v.). Foreign Antiquities’. Mayer retired from business In 18 55 Mawson announced his retirement and in November 1873. sold off his stock at Christie’s on 19th May 18 5 5 , [Margaret Gibson and Susan Wright (eds), Joseph Mayer of although he appears to have continued to trade Liverpool 180J-1886, (1988).] I 3 8 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

MEDER carpets and ornaments to Josephine during the Meder is recorded as an art dealer trading in period ci850 -186 0 ; including ‘a Louis X V carved Berlin; Meder is also recorded as a buyer at the and painted bed’ (Bowes Museum FW .372) and auction sale of the collection of Andrew ‘an i8 A century Italian gilnvood side table’ Fountaine at Christie’s in June 1884. (Bowes Museum FW .375). Monbro also supplied a number of pieces of revivalist furniture and M ELLO R, George ceramics in the i8 A century style to the collectors George Mellor is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at John and Josephine Bowes. 146 Lisson Grove in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. On April 26* 18 6 5, the London auctioneer Phillips sold ‘the second portion of the stock of M EYER S (or Mier, or Meier), F. valuable decorative property’, both ancient and Meyers is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading at modem, from the celebrated house of Monbro 1 Zeigstrasse, Berlin in the 1860s. Henry Cole Aine of Paris’. In 1868 Monbro sold some (180 8-1882) of the South Kensington Museum panelling dating from * 17 2 8 -3 2 , which was mentioned ‘Meyers of Berlin’ as a prospective formerly in the hotel de Richelieu, 21 Place supplier of objects for the museum in a letter in Royale (Place des Vosges), to The Historisches 186 3 and on 17 * October 186 3 Cole and Richard Museum, Berne, Switzerland. Redgrave of the South Kensington Museum [Sarah Kane, 'Turning Bibelots into Museum Pieces: Josephine Coffin-Chevallier and the Creation of the Bowes Museum, recorded the purchase of ‘ 2 very fine Augsburg Barnard Castle’, Journal o f Design History, vol.9, no.i, (1996), ornaments for books by Yamnitzer AD 1600’ pp. 1 - 1 1 , p. 6; John Harris, Moving Rooms: the trade in for 100 Thalers. The writer Herbert Byng-Hall architectural salvage, (1007), p. 155.) recorded that ‘Mier’ was a dealer in antique china trading from 2 Grenzhaus, Berlin in 1868. MONEY (See also Myers) Money was a dealer trading in London during the [Herbert Byng-Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), period *1830 to *1855. He may be James Charles p. 10 1, p. 117 ; Clive Wainwrighr, (edited for publication by Money listed as ‘jeweller’ at 15 Queen Street, Charlotte Gere), The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad’, Journal of the History of Collections, Clerkenwell in the Post Office Directory for volume 14, no.i, 100 1, pp. 45-61, p. 5J.J 18 4 1. Money is recorded as the buyer of over 100 lots at the auction sale of the contents of M ILLARD, Stephen Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2, including ‘a miniature of Stephen Millard is listed as ‘picture 8c curiosity Mrs Hannah More, after Opie 178 8 , by Roberts’ dealer’ at 66 Northgate Street, Gloucester in (lot 5 1, 1 1 * day, £8.18.6); ‘a miniature of Sir Hunt’s Director)’, 1849. Kenelm Digby by Peter Oliver, from Dr Mead’s collection’ (lot 17 , 14 * day, £16.16.0 .); ‘a curious M ILLER, Joseph ivory comb, sent by Pope Gregor)’ to Queen Joseph Miller is recorded as ‘dealer in pictures Bertha, from the Portland collection’ (lot 3 1 , 23^ and curiosities* at 3 1 Castle Street, East Oxford day, £3.13.6 .), (now in the British Museum, Market, London, in the records of the Sun Fire B M 1916 , 0403.1) and ‘a curious old knife and Office in 18 34. fork, amber handles’ (lor 15 , 2 3,J day, £0.10.6.). Money is also recorded as the buyer of 1 lot at the M ONBRO, Alphonse auction of the contents of Stowe in 1848; ‘two Monbro fils alne (18 0 7-18 8 4 ) are recorded as honey pots, 2 sugar-basins and 2 muffineers’ (lot furniture makers, upholsterers and dealers in 2215, £4.6.0.). objects of vertu at 18 Rue Basse de Rempart in Money is recorded as the buyer of at least 10 lots Paris during the period 18 38 until <1853. Monbro at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph moved to 19 Rue du Helder in 18 5 3 and Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including a remained at this address until the mid 18 60s. painting of a ‘lady, in a black dress and a large Alphonse Monbro is also listed as ‘curiosity ruff’ by ‘Old Cuyp’ (lot 851, £3.5.0.); ‘a dealer’ at 370 Oxford Street, London in 18 52, miniature, of a Gentleman, in a light coat and and again in i860. Monbro fils aine were engaged wig, period George I’ (lot 1 18 7 , £ 1.11.6 .); ‘a as interior decorators by the collector Josephine silver gilt drinking cup, in the form of a female Bowes (18 2 5 -18 7 4 ) for the Chateau du Barry at figure with a ruff, date about 1600’ (lot 14 3 7 , Louvenciennes and also supplied furniture, £7.10.0.), and a porcelain ‘square box, original DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE S c CURIOSITY DEALERS 139

chased gilt meral mounting’ (lot 3 6 5 1, £10.5.0.). MOSES, Isaac Money is also regularly recorded as buyer of Isaac Moses is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at paintings at various London auction rooms 2 Ordnance Row, Portsea, in Pigot’s Director)*, during the period 18 3 3 -18 4 0 , generally at low 1844. There is also an Isaac Moses ‘curiosity prices, (e.g. a ‘Venus’ by ‘Caracci’ (£0.19.0) at dealer’ at 1 1 Pier Street, Ryde, Isle of Fosters (q.v.) in 1836 and ‘ 2 Landscapes by Wight in Pigot’s Directory, 1844 and at Linnell’ (£2.5.0.) at Christie’s in 18 37. Money is 7 Union Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight in Slater’s recorded as the purchaser of a portrait of ‘Ladies, Director)*, 18 52. Gentlemen and Child’ by ‘William Hogarth’ (£ 3 7 .16s) at an auction sale of the property of MOSES, Moses ‘Jesset’ in 1845. Moses Moses is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at [H. Bum, Aedes Strau-berriarue, (1841); Geoige Red ford. A rt 54 High Street, Poplar, London, in Pigot’s S a b s (1888), (2 vols.), voI.II, p. 54; Gem- Provenance Index Director)*, 18 36 and 1839 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ D iu h im , www.piwcb.getty.edu. | at 14 Upper East Smithfield in the Post Office MOORE 6c MARINER, Mrs Mary Anne Moore, Directory for 18 4 1. and Moore 6c Co Moore 6c Mariner are listed as ‘curiosity MOSS, Abraham dealers’ at 25 Tottenham Court Road, London, in Abraham Moss is recorded as ‘dealer in shells and Pigot’s Directory, 1839. Mrs M aty Anne Moore is curiosities’ at 2 Ducks Isle, High Street, Poplar, listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 25 Tottenham Court London, in the records of the Sun Fire Office in Road in the Post Office Directory for 18 4 1. 1836 . Moss is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at Moore 6c Co are listed as ‘dealers in foreign 2 High Street, Poplar in Pigot’s Director)*, 1839 china and ancient furniture’ at 25 Tottenham and at the same address in Kelly’s Director)*, Court Road in Tallis’ London Street Views, 1852. 1838/1840. M U LLER , Henry M OSES, Benjamin Henry Muller is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Benjamin Moses is listed as ‘silversmith’ at 7 2 Berners Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)*, 23 Hanway Street in Kent’s London Director)*, i860. Henry Muller’s father, Joseph Muller (q.v.), 18 22 and as ‘foreign china and curiosity dealer’ at also traded as a curiosity dealer. i o 6c 23 Hanway Street and 1 Wigmore Street in 18 32 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 6 6c 10 Hanway M U LLER , Leon Street in Kelly’s Director)*, 18 4 2 8c 1846 . Leon Muller is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Benjamin Moses is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 6 33 Great Castle Street, London, in Kelly’s 8c 10 Hanway Street and 189a Sloane Street in Directory, 1882. i860. The dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold objects to Moses from at least 1820, including M U LLER , Joseph ‘Dresden china, silver, ivories and tortoiseshell Joseph Muller is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at snuff boxes’. There is also an Emanuel Moses, 13 Castle Street East, Oxford Street, London, in ‘silversmith and jeweller’ at 23 Hanway Street in Pigot’s Director)*, 1839 and at the same address 18 17 . Moses is recorded as a purchaser at the in the Post Office Directory for 1841. The auction.sale of the collection of Ralph Bemal dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought ‘9 very* (1783-1854) in March 1855. common pieces of stained glass’, from ‘M r (John Colcrrun Iviac archive, S l S i j f / A J j ) , Sva$te book’, no.467. Muller’ in July 18 32. Joseph’s son, Henry Muller Hanky Library, University of Southampton.) (q.v.), continued the curiosity business after the death of Joseph in 1854. The Last Will and M OSES, Isaac Testament of Joseph Muller of 3 1 Castle Street, Isaac Moses is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 5 Oxford Street was proved on 2^ May 1854 Gray’s Inn Passage, Red Lion Square, London, in (pro 11/2 19 1). Kellys Directory, 1S46 and at 12 Leigh Street, [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJfji ‘waste book’, no.467, Burton Crescent in Kellv’s Directory. i8 t 2 . Harries* Librarv. Univerxirv of Sntiihamnrnn.1 140 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

M U RCH , William Bond Street, London, from the 1850s. Abraham William Murch is listed as ‘picture and curiosity Myers is listed as ‘antiquary dealer’ at 179 New dealer’ at 20 Little Newport Street, London, in Bond Street in Kelly’s Director)’, 18 78 and 1886 Pigot’s Directory, 1839. and at 6 Savile Row in 1886-91. ‘Myers, Old Bond Street'’ is recorded at the buyer of at least 9 MURRAY, Charles Fairfax lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Charles Fairfax Murray (18 4 9 -19 19 ) the well- Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a known painter, was bom in Bow in East London painting by Van Bloemen, a Camp Scene, with on 30* September 1849 and spent his early horsemen and butchers’ tents* (lot 870, childhood in Sudbury, Suffolk. He began his career £ 11.10 .0 .); ‘a Reliquaire, of copper gilt, circular, as a painter as a studio assistant to Edward Burne- the top supported on four columns’ (lot 129 9, Jones (18 33-18 9 8 ) in 1866 and also worked for £2.15.0 ); ‘a Powder Flask, chased with the bust Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Company in the of Lucretia’ (lot 2228, £1.7.0 .) and *a massive late 1860s, who employed him to decorate the gold and enamelled ancient Hebrew marriage famous Green Dining Room at the South ceremonial ring, with Hebrew characters, and the Kensington Museum. Murray was later employed building of a house’ (lot 3466, £6.6.0.). The by John Ruskin (18 19 -19 0 0 ) to copy Old Master writer Herbert Byng-Hall in Confessions o f a paintings in Italy and had moved to Italy by 18 75 , Bric-a-Brac Hunter (1868) mentions Myers of returning to London in 18 8 5. During his time in N ew Bond-street as a ‘reputable’ dealer. Italy Murray began to collect paintings and Messrs Meyer (almost certainly the same dealer) decorative objects and acted as buying agent for a offered an Islamic geomantic device dating from number of museums and private collectors, the thirteenth-century to the trustees of the British including the Kunstgerwerbemuseum in Berlin and museum in the 1880s, which the museum the National Gallery in London. Murray also eventually acquired through another source. became known as a leading expert on Italian ‘Myers & Son’ are recorded as the buyers of at maiolica as a result of his stay in Italy. On his least 1 1 lots at the auction sale of the contents of return to London Murray acted as buying agent Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘a pair of Old for the directors of the South Kensington Japan porcelain oviform vases and covers’ (lot Museum, particularly during the late 1880s and 2 35, £315.0.0.) and ‘a large Faience figure of an 1890s. Indeed, in 1889 Murray sold his own large Astrologer’ (lot 9 53, £20.9.6). Myers & Son are collection of maiolica (some 52 pieces) to the also recorded as the buyers of at least 15 lots at South Kensington Museum. Murray was also an the auction sale of the collection of Andrew advisor and later a partner in the art dealers Fountaine in 1884, including 'a circular fruit-dish Thomas Agnew. In 1903 Murray retired from [of Palissy ware], with Perseus and Andromeda in painting and devoted himself to his collections of relief’ (lot 85 £63.0.0.); ‘a small Gubbio Lustred artworks. At the end of his life Murray donated a Cup’ (lot 222, £50.8.0.); a carved ivory figure of large number of objects from his collections to the ‘Adoration of the Magi’ (lot 52 1 £27.6.0.), various museums, including the Fitzwilliam and an ivory ‘Diptych, carved with the Museum, Cambridge, Dulwich Picture Gallery, Crucifixion and three other subjects in two ranges Birmingham City Museum and Art Gallery and under gothic canopies’ (lot 523 £ 53.11.0 .). the Fogg Museum in America. During this time he [Herbert Byng-Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), p. 286; R.G.W. Anderson, ‘Early Scientific Instruments and also began a series of sales from collections; in Horology’, in Marjorie Caygill fle John Cheny (eds.), A.ttI Franks, 1909 he sold 1,400 Old Master Drawings to Nineteenth-century collecting and the British Museum, (1997), p. J. Pierpont Morgan in America and later, in 19 14 , 292.I sold much of his remaining collection in Paris. He died in London in 19 19 . M YER S, Henry [David Elliot, diaries Fairfax Murray: the unknown Henry Myers is listed as ‘antique china dealer’ at PreRaphaelite, (2000); Paul Tucker, ‘Responsible Outsider* 3 Monmouth Street, Birmingham in Kelly’s Charles Fairfax Murray and the South Kensington Museum’, Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, (1002), pp. Directory, 1867. 11 $—* 37-1 MYERS, Moses MYERS, Abraham Moses Myers is listed as ‘jeweller and curiosity Abraham Myers (bom a 815/16) traded as a dealer’ at 35 Great Portland Street, London, in curiosity dealer in Old Bond Street and at New Pigot’s Director)’, 18 52. NATHAN, Joseph ‘M r Nathan’. It is clear that some of the Joseph Nathan (b.i837/38) is listed as ‘fine art transactions of both Davies and Isaac in the Isaac dealer’ at 32 St Swithen’s Lane, London, in Kelly’s archive were certainly with Nathanial Nathan Director)’, 1878. (q.v.), but these transactions also probably include some with Lewis (or Louis) Nathan. N A TH A N , Lewis (or Louis) Louis Nathan acted as agent for Charles Winn ‘Lewis Nathan’ is listed as ‘ foreign china dealer’ (17 9 5 -18 7 4 ) of Nostell Prior)’, near Wakefield at 13 Castle Street East, Oxford Market, London, from at least 18 33 and in 18 53 Louis Nathan, in the Post Office Directory for 18 32. ‘Louis acting for Winn, purchased several pieces of i8 ,h Nathan’ is listed as ‘antique furniture and china century satinwood and painted furniture at the dealer’ ar the same address in directories in 1836. auction sale of the property of Warren Hastings ‘ Lewis Nathan’ is listed as ‘dealer in foreign china (17 3 2 -18 18 ) when the contents of Daylesford and furniture’ at 31 Charles Street, Hampstead were sold as a requirement of Hasting’s wife, Road in Pigot’s Director)-, 18 39 . ‘ Louis Nathan’ is Marion, on the death of her son, General Sir listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 33 Wardour Street in Charles Imhoff in 18 53. Robson’s Director)’, 18 39 and ‘antique furniture Nathan (Nathanial and/or Lewis) was regularly dealer’ at the same address in Kelly’s Directory, recorded as the buyer of paintings at various 1846. Nathan is listed as ‘broker’ at 39 Wardour London auction rooms during the period Street in 1 8 5 1 and as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 18 2 8 -18 3 9 and was also active at the sale of Col 32 Wardour Street in 1870. Sibthorpe’s collections at Christie’s in 1856. Louis ‘M r Louis Nathan’, Wardour Street is listed as a Nathan is also known to have supplied maiolica subscriber to Henry Rumsey Forster’s Stowe to the collector Thomas Gambier Parry Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848), and (1816-1888) in the 1850s. ‘Nathan, Wardour Street’ is recorded as buyer at [John Coleman Isaac Archive, MStjp/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no.467, Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Winn Archive, many of the most significant collections in the WYL135l/A 1I8I16I11, and Ai/8/i6/z8; Lindsay Boynton, ‘The middle decades of the 19 * century. Nathan is Furniture of Warren Hastings’, The Burlington Mjgjzine, vol.j 11, recorded as the buyer of at least 90 lots at the no.809, August 1970, pp. 508-510, p. 5 11.1 Stowe auction sale in 1848, including some suits of armour and ‘a magnificent repository for N A TH A N , Michael Samuel china, of ebony’ (lor 2 2 7 , £93.9.0.) and a Michael Samuel Nathan (b.1832/33) is listed as ‘handsome table of buhl manufacture’ for (lot ‘art dealer’ at 29 Queen Victoria Street, London, 255, f39.7s.6d) (both lots purchased for E.L_Betts in Kelly’s Directory, 1886 -93 and also at 1 Angel Esq of Preston Hall, Maidstone); ‘the reclining Court in 1886. ‘M .S. Nathan’ is recorded at the statue of the Princess Borghese, the sister of buyer of at least 7 lots (mainly paintings) at the Napoleon, a beautiful small copy on marble, by auction of the contents of Hamilton Palace in Trentanova’ (lot 702, 7igns); ‘a very’ curious 1882, including a painting of ‘the infant saviour clock, by Rainge’ (lot 883, 63gns, purchased on in the house of Joseph, by A. Carracci’ (lot 750, behalf of ‘Mr Beaufoy’); ‘a pair of superb £23.2.0.) and ‘Descent from the Cross, by Van fauteuils, with high backs, the frames boldly Dyck’ (lot 1015, £22.10.0.). carved and gilr...from the Doge’s Palace at Venice’ (lot 2 2 1, £7.10.0.), and 36 ‘Windsor chairs’ from NATHAN, Morris the Servants Hall, (lots 2534/5/6, £5.15.0 .). Morris Nathan jnr is listed as ‘antique furniture ‘ Louis Nathan’ is also recorded as the buyer of ‘a and china dealer’ at 14 Hanway Street, Oxford Raphael ware dish, of fluted form...date about Street, London, in the Post Office Directory for 15 4 5 ’ (lot 18 22, £ 17.17 .0 .) at the auction sale of 18 32 . ‘Morris Nathan’ is recorded as the buyer the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in of at least 16 lots at the auction sale of the March 1855. collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March The dealer Henry Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold 18 5 5 , including ‘a Dresden dejeune, with blue various objects to ‘M r Nathan’ from at least 18 16 scale borders, and figures after Watteau, and the dealer John Coleman Isaac (<7.1'.) consisting of teapot, coffee pot, and two cups and continued to have trading relations with saucers’ (lot 83, £ 17.15.0 .); ‘a beautiful Dresden 142. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

oviform vase, the surface encrusted with forget- N EA TE, William me-nots... mounted with or-moulu’ (lot 299, William Neate is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at £31.10 .0 .); ‘a Dagger, with the handle formed of 3 & 20 Sweetings Alley, London, in 18 24 , 18 26 a fine piece of Onyx of five strata’ (lot 15 5 7 , and 1 S36. Neate is listed as ‘jeweller and picture £9.0.0.), and ‘a long pipe, elaborately carved, in dealer’ at 1 5 7 Fleet Street in Pigot’s Directory, ivory, in figures and rich fanciful subjects’ (lot 18 39 . ‘The splendid stock of M r William Neate, a 3716, £3.3.0.). bankrupt, collected at an expense of upwards of £10,000, comprising a superb assemblage of N A TH A N , Nathanial brilliant jewellery’, clocks, watches, richly chased Nathanial Nathan is listed as ‘china dealer* at plate, paintings, carvings in ivory’, ornamental 1 Charles Street, Middlesex Hospital, London, in china..’ had earlier been sold at auction by M r Kent’s Directory, 18 2 2 and as a ‘curiosity dealer’ Pullen, 30 Fore Street on 6* April ‘and following at 1 Charles Street in 18 24 and 1826 , where he is days’ 18 19 . Pullen also later sold ‘M r Neate’s also listed as selling ‘antique furniture’. In 18 26 splendid stock of jewellery’, plate, ornamental N . Nathan 'china warehouse’ is also listed at 1 1 3 china, carvings in ivory, miscellaneous items of Great Portland Street. Nathanial Nathan was antiquity and curiosity, and a valuable collection probably a relative (brother?) of Louis (or Lewis) of 200 paintings, from the old and modem Nathan (q.v.). In 1829 Nathanial Nathan is listed schools’, together with the ‘desirable and beneficial leases of the 2 shops in Sweetings Alley’ as ‘importer of ancient furniture’ at 12 3 Wardour at auction in May 18 2 3. Street and ‘importer of curiosities’ at the same A trade card (dating from * 18 2 5 -18 3 5 ) exists in address in 18 3 2 & 18 3 3 . Nathan is listed the John Johnson collection at the Bodleian as ‘antique furniture and china dealer’ at Library’, Oxford, of ‘Wm Neate, goldsmith 8c 22a Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square in Pigot’s jeweller, 3 Sweetings Alley, Comhill’, which Directory, 1836 . indicates that Neate sold ‘curiosities, paintings Nathan was a regular trader with the dealer and enamels’ (figure 34). Abraham Davies (q.v.) from at least 18 16 and William Neate may be the son of the silversmith J. later also had significant business dealings with Neate. In a court case heard at the Old Bailey on the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.); Isaac sold 7* April 1824, a witness named James Hill stated him, for example, considerable amounts of that he was ‘apprentice to Messrs Neate and Son, ancient furniture, Sevres China and curiosities in pawnbrokers, Duke Street’ and ‘J. Neate 8c Son’ January 1833. are listed as ‘silversmiths and pawnbrokers’ at 10 There is a Nathan Nathan, ‘dealer in curiosities’ Duke Street, Manchester Square in Kent’s London recorded at Bath in Somerset in November 1838. Directory’, 18 23. The Last Will and Testament of Nathan Nathan [www.oldbailcyonlinc.com] of 2 Lower Walk, ‘dealer in china and curiosities’ is undated, but was proved ‘as a prerogative of NEGRI the Court of Canterbury’ following the death of The writer Herbert Byng-Hall records that Nathan, the dates in the ledger suggest that he Negri was a dealer trading at Nevsky Prospect, died between March i8 dl 18 38 and December St Petersburg in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that 1838 (proii/1903). Negri was ‘a most obliging and agreeable person (John Coleman Isaac archive, MStjy/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no.467, to deal with’, and that Negri sold ‘exquisite Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Getty Provenance Wedgwood medallions...(and) ‘choice specimens Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.] of Sevres, Vienna and Berlin china, at a very reasonable outlay’.’ N A TH A N , Samuel [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions of a Bric-a-Brae Hunter, 1868), Samuel Nathan (bom C 1783-1842), is listed as p. 78.] ‘china & picture dealer’ at 1 St George’s Terrace, Borough Road, London, in Pigot’s Directory, N EW HOUSE, William 18 36 and 18 39 . Nathan was assaulted by three William Newhouse is recorded as a dealer who men outside Fosters (q.v.) auction rooms in Pall sold objects to the collector William Beckford Mall on 23rd November 1842, following a (17 6 0 -18 4 4 ) in the opening decades of the disagreement over accusations of ‘an imputation nineteenth-century. of an unnatural crime’ and died from his injuries [Beckford archive, AtS Beckford, Bodleian Library, Oxford; Bet MacCleod, ’William Beckford, a celebrated collector’, in Derek on 7* December 1842. Ostergard, (ed.), Viliam Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for ike [www.oldbaileyonline.com] magnificent, (2001), pp. 163-7J, p. i 6j .] DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 143

NEWTON, Mrs R 18 5 5 , including ‘a Dresden teapot, with two rivei Mrs R Newton is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at scenes and flowers’ (lot 420, £8.0.0.) and ‘a N0.4 Hanway Yard, London, in the Post Office Dresden plate, with Venus mourning over Adonis, Directory for 18 41 and at the same address in in Indian ink, on a pink ground’, (lot 521, Kelly's Directory, 1842. £3.5.0.). James Nixon sold ancient objects to Lord NISBETT, David George Caledon in 1829, supplied for Caledon’s London David George Nisbert is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ house in Carlton Terrace and he also supplied at 92 Wardour Street, London, in the Post Office marble fireplaces for Charles Stuart, Lord Stuart Directory for i860. The census returns for 186 1 de Rothesay for his house in Carlton Terrace. records Edward George Nisbett at 40 Wardour A marquetry table dating from <1840 at Castle Street, a ‘dealer in misc goods’, aged 57, together Ashby, Northamptonshire, bears a trade label ‘J. with his wife, Esther, aged 40. Nixon 8c Son, Upholders 8c Cabinet Makers, 123 Great Portland Street’. N IG H TIN G ALE, George [John Claudius Loudon, An Encyclopaedia o f Coltjge, Farm ana George Nightingale is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ Villa Architecture, (1833), p. 103J, p. 1039, p. 1101; Geoffrey Beard fie Christopher Gilbert (eds.). Dictionary of English at 14 3 Leadenhall Street, London, in the Post Furniture Makers, 1660-1840, (1986), p. 649; Clive Wainsvright, Office Directory for 1826 and 18 32. ‘George The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home 1730-1830, Nightengale’ [sic] is listed as ‘carver and gilder (1989), p. j8, p. 60; Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of and curiosity dealer’ at the same address in Pigot’s Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, (1996), p. 41; Sarah Med lam. The Bettine, Lady Abingdon Collection, the Bequest o) Directory, 1839 and in Tallis' London Street Afrs T.R.P. Hole, (1996), pp. 30-34; John Harris, M oling Rooms: Views, 1838/1840. The census returns for 18 4 1 the trade in architectural salvage, (2007), p. 63.] record George Nightingale at 143 Leadenhall Street, aged 78. NOSEDA, Anthony (or Antonio) Anthony Noseda is recorded as ‘dealer in N IXO N & SON, James paintings, prints and curiosities’ at 4 Angel Court, James Nixon traded from 12 3 Great Portland Windmill Street, London, in the records of the Street, London, from 18 16 until at least 1839. Sun Fire Office in 1 8 1 7 and is listed as ‘dealer in James Nixon is listed as ‘cabinetmaker’ at 12 3 curiosities’ at 33 Coventry' Street and 1 1 Norris Great Portland Street in 1 8 1 7 and by 18 35 trade Street in the Post Office Directory for 1822 and directories name James Nixon 8c Son as ‘importer only at 33 Coventry Street in 1826 and 1829. of marbles and ancient furniture’. Edwin 8c Noseda is listed as a ‘curiosity warehouse’ at Joseph Nixon are listed as ‘ upholsterers’ at 30 Coventry' Street in Pigot’s Directory, 18 33 and 123 Great Portland Street in the Post Office 18 3 6 . Anthony is probably the brother of Directory for 18 52. Giovanni Noseda (q.v.). According to the writer John Claudius Loudon, Encyclopaedia o f Cottage, Farm and Villa NOSEDA, Giovanni (or John) Architecture (18 33), Nixon 8c Son sold John Noseda is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at furnishings in the style of Louis X IV and also had 27 Warwick Street, Golden Square, London, in a ‘curious collection of ancient carvings’ and Kent’s London Directory, 18 22. John Noseda, supplied ‘ancient furniture’. In a letter dated 1829 ‘picture dealer and dealer in curiosities’ at 3 1 7 to Lord Caledon the architect Decimus Burton Regent Street is recorded in the records of the Sun (18 0 0 -18 8 1) suggested that Nixon 8c Son could Fire Office in 18 3 3 . ‘Jno Noseda’ is listed as be relied on for the supply of ancient objects and ‘curiosity dealer’ at 91 Quadrant, Regent Street in carvings, and the architect William Burn 18 26 and again in 1836. In Pigot’s Directory, (178 9 -18 70 ) wrote to his client Onesiphorous 1839 , John Noseda is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at Tyndall Bruce, of Falkland House, Fife, in 3 1 Dean Street, Soho. John Noseda is listed as May 1842 recommending ‘J.Nixon 8c Son, ‘printseller’ at 19 Tavistock Street in the Post 123 Great Portland Street’ for the supply of ‘old Office Directory for 1852. oak carvings’. On May 17* 1823 The Morning Chronicle ‘Nixon, Portland Street’ is recorded as the buyer announced that ‘Geo [sic] Noseda has removed of at least 3 lots at the auction sale of the from Wanvick-street to no.91 Quadrant and has collection of Raloh Bernal (1-782—i 8«a ! in March iusr imnnrtpd an A«nrrmpnr nf Alabaster Vacpc 144 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

and other ornaments from Tuscany...01d China and Curiosities, bought and sold by Commission’; Giovanni is probably the brother of Anthony Noseda (q.v.). Noseda (Anthony and/or Giovanni) is regularly recorded as the buyer of paintings at various London auction rooms during the period 18 18 -18 4 0 , and is also recorded as selling a few pictures at Christie’s in 18 13 . [Getty Provenance Index Databases, wwtv.piweb.getty.edu.)

NOSEDA, Jane Jane Noseda (b.1813/14, died <1894), is listed as ‘print & art dealer’ at 109 Strand, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 18 7 8 -9 1. ‘Mrs Noseda’ was the mother of the art dealer Urban Noseda (q.v.) and well known as a print dealer in the middle decades of the 19* century. The obituary of her son Urban, (The Times, April 6* 1909), records that her shop in the Strand was ‘a favourite haunt with collectors...The window was always tastefully decorated with scarce and interesting prints, and the shop ‘papered’ with framed examples, chiefly English and for the most part portraits....Mrs Noseda was one of the earliest dealers to make a special feature of mezzotint portraits, and her remarkable knowledge of this class was inherited by her son, M r Urban Noseda.’

NOSEDA, Urban Miln Urban Miln Noseda ^ 18 54-19 0 9 ), is listed as ‘fine art dealer & printseller’ at 109 Strand, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1898. He moved the business to King Street, St James’s Square in d 900. Urban took over from the business of print dealer established by his mother, Jane Noseda (q.v.). His obituary (The Titties April 6*, 1909) stated that Noseda died ‘at his shop in King- street, St. James’s Square, in circumstances which point to suffocation by gas.’

NURSE, Henry Henry Nurse is listed as ‘carver and gilder’ at 10 Old Cavendish Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 . ‘H. Nurse’, ‘Dealer in Antique Furniture’ trading from Cavendish Street sold ’ 1 1 pieces of carving’ to William Bankes (17 8 6 -18 5 5 ) of Kingston Lacy, Dorset in 18 37 . [John Harris, Moving Rooms: the Trade in Architectural Salvage, (1007), p. 53.I *45 © OBERNDORFFERS Dyer Street, Cirencester in Slater's Director)’, 1868 Obemdorffers were curiosity dealers in Munich in and may be the husband/relative of Mrs Oven. the 1830s and 1840s, although they are ‘nearly (Victoria and Albert Museum archive, Olympia, Ed #4/209.] done up’ by 1844, according to the dealer John Coleman Isaac (<7.1’.). OW EN, Robert [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS/39/A/jj, no-49, no.61. Hartley Robert Owen (d.1857) was a curiosity dealer Library, University of Southampton.] trading from New Bond Street, London, from at least the late 1 830s. In Pigot's London Director)’, OPPENHEIM 18 39 Robert Owen is listed as ‘India shawl Oppenheim is recorded by the collector Lady warehouse’ at 95 New Bond Street. Robert Owen Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer is listed as ‘East India Warehouse and Importer of trading at 64 Rue Aboukir, Paris between the Sevres China and Curiosities to Her Majesty’ at 1860s and 1880s. Lady Charlotte Schreiber 95 New Bond Street in the Post Office Directory bought porcelain from Oppenheim in 1869 and for 1852. The census returns for 186 1 record that ‘an exquisite Chelsea smelling-bottle, formed as a 95 New Bond Street was occupied by Anna Owen girl smelling at a flower and holding roses’ for a widow aged 49, bom in Manchester and trading £7.12.0. in February 1874. as “Keeper of India Warehouses’ together with her |Montaguc Guest. (nL), Lady CkarioUe Sckrciber’s Journals, son John (18) and daughter Sophia (20). According (1911), voLl.p. JJI.] to the nineteenth century dealer Frederick Litchfield [q.v.), (writing in 1879), Owen was well- OPPENHEIM, William known as a dealer in ‘old china’ during the mid William Oppenheim is listed as ‘antique furniture nineteenth-century. Robert Owen is recorded as dealer’ at 75 Newman Street, London, in 1870 selling and buying paintings at Phillips London and at 43 Fam’ngdon Street in Kelly's Director)', auction rooms during the period 1834-18 40 . 1882. At the auction of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 1842, Ow’en is recorded as the buyer of at least OPPENHEIMER 79 lots including, ‘a matchless dejeuner service of Oppenheimer had a shop in Frankfurt (and also the old Sevres porcelaine’, (lot 102, 1 1 * day, perhaps in Wurzburg) during the 1840s; the £24.3.0.); ‘a curious silver dish of basketwork...a dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded that the fine specimen of old English manufacture’ (lot 7 1 , armour dealer Samuel Pratt (q.v:) bought objects 13 * day, £10.4.0.); an ‘elegant ewer of fine taste, from Oppenheimer in 18 4 1. exquisitely enamelled w’ith group of naked [John Coleman Isaac Archive, MSijy/AJjj, no.53. Hartley figures’, (lot 56, 12 * day, £29.8.0.); ‘a pair of Library, University of Southampton.] incomparable old dark blue Oriental china beakers’ (lot 54, 19 * day, £55.13.0 .); ‘a fine Old O VEN, Mrs Boule Coffer’ (lot 25, 23"* day, £44.2.0.) and ‘a Mrs Oven had a curiosity shop in the High Street, very curious ebony table, w’ith marble top’ (lot Cirencester in the 1860s. John Hungerford Pollen 119 , 2 3rd day, £ 17.17 .6 .). (18 20 -19 0 2) of the South Kensington Museum Owen also bought at least 91 lots at the auction visited the shop whilst searching for objects for sale of the contents of Stow'e in 1848, including the museum on 26* April, 1864. His report quantities of Dresden and ‘rare old Chelsea’ records that the shop had a large and extremely porcelain, ‘a pair of noble candelabra, said to promiscuous stock* with ‘lofts, sheds and other have been presented by Louis X V to Madame de receptacles of rickety furniture without end’. Pompadour’ (lot 57 2, £37.16.0.); ‘a beautiful pier Pollen noted that Mrs Oven had a ‘Chippendale table, of Buhl’ (lot 999, £50.0.0.); ‘a pair of looking glass frame.jC1.15.’, but John Charles hexagonal jars, of very fine old Worcester’, (lot Robinson (18 2 4 -19 13 ), commenting on Pollen’s 10 36, £26.10.0.), subsequently sold to Colonel report, wrote that amongsr her stock, ‘none are Charles Sibthorp M.P. (17 8 3 -18 5 5 ); ‘an inkstand, desirable.’ of metal gilt, formerly belonging to Pope Sixtus V ’, ‘Mrs Oven’ does not appear in the trade (lot 1356 , £36.4.6.), illustrated in Henry Forster’s directories for Cirencester in the 1860s but The Stoive Catalogue Priced and Annotated Thomas C. Ovens’ is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ in (1848); ‘a lock of the hair of Queen Maty, taken 146 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

from her corpse at St M ay’s Church, Bur)’ in 1784’ (lot 280, £7.10.0.) and two pairs o f ‘beautiful rich ebony low arm-chairs’ (lots 2501 8c 2.502, £35.0.0. per lot) - (so-called ‘Wolsey chairs). ‘M r R Owen’ is also listed as a subscriber to the Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848). Owen was also active at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (1783-1854), sold by Christie’s in 1855, buying at least 4 lots, including ‘a pair of church candlesticks, of brass, spirally fluted, with small heads of apostles enamelled on the bosses’ (lot 1309, £3.7.0.) and ‘a small oblong table, of old marqueterie’ (lot 4124, £12.15.0.). Christie’s sold ‘a portion of the stock of the late Robert Owen of Bond-street’, on 23"1 April 1857. The auction sale comprised; ‘Old Sevres, Dresden 8c Oriental China 8c Old Derby porcelain; cabinets of fine old Buhl 8c marqueterie; oriental 8c Limoges enamels; Raffaelle ware; whole length portraits of James I, Charles I, Charles II 8c James II.’ ]H. Bum, Aedes Strawbenianne, (1841); Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. 313; Getty Provenance Index Databases, www.piweb.getty.edu.]

O XEN H A M , Samuel Samuel Oxenham ‘auctioneers’, had auction rooms at 333 Oxford Street, London, from the 1820s until at least the 1840s. They periodically sold armour for the dealer Samuel Pratt (q.v.) and also armour and curiosities for other dealers, including John Coleman Isaac (q.v.). Isaac bought two ‘Reisener encoignuers’ in January 18 30 from their salerooms. Oxenhams are listed at 354 8c 353 Oxford Street in Tallis’ London Street Views, 1838/1840. [John Coleman Isaac archive, MSij ^/AJj j , ‘waste book’, no.467. Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] 147 3 PACT, Wiliam PICKERT, A (or F) William Pacy is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ Pickert is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading in at io Old Lisle Street, London, in the records of Nuremburg in the middle of the nineteenth- the Sun Fire Office in i 8 iz and is listed as a century. Henry Cole (1808-188z) of the South ‘curiosity dealer’ at 17 Princess Street, Leicester Kensington Museum bought the ‘Jamnitzer Cup’ Square in the Post Office Directory for 1824. (£150.0.0.) from ‘M r A . Pickert’ in 1871 and made further purchases from Pickert in 187Z. ‘F. PARDIEU Pickert’ is known to have supplied majolica, glass The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded that and enamels to the collector Thomas Gambier Pardieu was a curiosity dealer trading at 43 Rue Parry (1816-1888) in the 1850s. Pickerr may also de Paradis, Marseille in 1868. be the dealer that the dealer John Coleman Isaac (Herbert Brng Hall, Confessions of a Bric-j-Brjc Hunter, (q.v.) calls ‘Prickett’, active in the 1830s ro the (186S), p. 4 1.1 1850s and who also had two brothers-in-law who PARKIN, J. were also active in the curiosity- trade; according J. Parkin traded as a dealer in ‘antique china and to Isaac they often went to Munich to sell their furniture’ at 4 Hanway Street, London, in i860 stock. In 1855 Isaac records that he had offered and 18 6 1. Parkin advertised in The Morning ‘Mr. Pickett £75 for a small lot of goods, Chronicle for M ay i860 that he had ‘opened an including his Raffaelle Ware bottles’. (See also Mr extra showroom, exclusively for the sale of some Prickett). [John Coleman Isaac Archive, Hartley Library, no.78, no.371, of the finest Sc rarest specimens of Sevres, no.380, University of Southampton, MSijg/AJyj; Clive Chelsea, Dresden and other China Sc decorative Wainw-right, (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), "The furniture.’ The advertisement states that the firm Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting Abroad', was established in 179 7. Joumjl of the History of Collections, volume 14, no.i, 2.002., pp. 4 j-* i, p. 59.) PELLY, Joseph Joseph Pelly is recorded in the 18 6 1 census PO TTER, Thomas returns as ‘upholsterer and furniture dealer', at Thomas Porter is listed as a ‘curiosity- dealer’ at 17 Wardour Street, London, aged 43 bom at St. 65 Oakley Street, London, in the Post Office Leonards, Shoreditch, Middlesex, together with Directory for i8z6, 183Z and 1836. his wife Jane (no age stated) and five children. POWELL, Mrs Ann PERRING, Henry- Mrs Ann Powell is listed as ‘curiosity- dealer’ at Henry Perring is listed as ‘curiosity- dealer’ at 44 Regent Street, Cambridge in Kelly's Directory, Z58 Blackfriars Ro, London, in Pigot's Directory, 1879 . 1839. POWELL, James PETTYG RO VE, Sarah James Powell is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at Sarah Pettygrove is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 7 Princes Street, Soho, London, in the Post Office 13 Old Compton Street, London, in the Post Directory for 183Z. Office Directory for 18Z4. PRATT, Samuel, Henry 8c Samuel Luke PHILLIP, Joseph Samuel Pratt senior (d.1849) and his sons Henry Joseph Phillip is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at Joseph Pratt and Samuel Luke Pratt jnr 38 Trinity Square, London, in the Post Office (18 0 5 -18 7 8 ) traded in ancient armour and Directory for 18Z4. curiosities from 4 7 New Bond Street, London, from the early i8zos until 1878. The Pratt family PHILLIPS were also invalid furniture and trunk The Sun Fire Office insurance records list manufacturers, trading from various premises ‘ Phillips, dealer in curiosities, victualler, during the period i8zo to <1860. Samuel Pratt carpenter’, at 3Z Great Tower Hil, London, in senior is listed as ‘Trunk maker’ at 1 1 9 Holbom iSzz. Hill in 1815 and at another shop at 40 Holbom 148 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

by 18 19 . S & T Pratt, ‘Trunk Manufactures’ are Henry Pratt supplied almost all of the armour listed at 12 3 New Bond Street and at 19 Cockspur (either for sale or hire) for the combatants at the Street in 18 32 . ‘Pratt, Trunk & Military Equipage Eglinton Tournament in 18 39 and also supplied Warehouse’ are listed at 12 3 New Bond Street in the stands and marquees and were charged with Tallis London Street Vieivs, 18 38 -4 0 , and S & T the administration of the Tournament. Pratts Pratt ‘trunk makers’ continue to be listed at 12 3 showroom at 4 7 New Bond Street was also the New Bond Street and at Cockspur Street in Kelly’s location for preliminary meetings for the Eglinton Directory, 1846. Henry Pratt is listed as ‘patent Tournament. Much of the armour supplied for travelling wardrobe, portmanteau & camp the Tournament wras exhibited by Pratt at the equipment manufacturer’ at 19 Cockspur Street Gothic Hall, Grosvenor Street, which had been and 12 3 New Bond Street in the Post Office leased by the Pratt’s from the late 1830s. Some of Directory for 18 52. Samuel Pratt is also recorded the armour from the Eglinton Tournament was in the Lord Chamberlain’s papers as a trunk later sold by Pratt at various auction sales at maker in 18 3 2 -18 4 5 . Samuel Pratt ‘of New Bond Oxenhams (q.v.) in the 1840s; the first auction Street’ was awarded a protection patent for ‘the sale of ‘the armour and paraphernalia used at the certain improved straps or bands, to be used for Eglington Tournament’ took place on 1.7* June securing luggage upon chaises or coaches’ in 1840 at Oxenhams Rooms in Oxford Street. The September 18 22. Times ,(18* June 1840) reported that ‘the prices Samuel and Henry Pratt, ‘furniture & china fetched w’ere still far from being equal to what dealers’, are listed at 47 N ew Bond Street in their previous possessors might have reasonably Pigot’s Directory, 1839. Samuel Pratt jnr is listed anticipated’, although the auction on subsequent separately as ‘importer of ancient furniture 8c days reported that ‘the prices were much armour’ at 47 New Bond Street during the 1840s. higher...[with] many portions of mail knocked Samuel Pratt is listed as ‘cabinet maker and down to artists...and many of the curious importer of antique furniture’ at 47 New Bond weapons, helmets, targets etc were bought by the Street in 18 5 2 and as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at possessors of old baronial houses as ornaments the same address in i860 8c 1870 . Samuel Pratt for the ancient halls of their ancestors.’ Further snr and Henry Pratt leased another shop at 3 auction sales of the Eglinton Armour took place Lower Grosvenor Street in the late 1830s, known at Oxenhams in 18 4 1 and 18 4 3. Pratt also used as ‘the Gothic Hall’ and held an exhibition of auctions regularly for the disposal of stock ancient armour there, opening in April 18 38 . The imported from the Continent. An auction sale of central feature of Pratt’s exhibition at The Gothic ‘the collection of ancient armour of M r S Pratt’ is Hall was ‘six grim figures, in full armour, recorded as taking place in at Oxenhams in 1846. apparently in debate’. The shop was fitted out by Edward and George Hull (q.v.) purchased several the architect L. N . Cottingham (17 8 7 -18 4 7 ). objects at Pratt’s auction sales held at Deacon’s In a court case at the Old Bailey on 7* April 1824 (q.v.) and Oxenham’s auction rooms (q.v.), in the Samuel Pratt Snr and Samuel Luke Pratt gave 1830s and 1840s and sold some of the objects on evidence in a case of theft of some silver and other to the collector Charles Scarisbrick (18 0 1-18 6 0 ). property from their premises. In the court case Pratt is also known to have employed Thomas Samuel Snr stated that he lived in Regent Street Grimshaw (q.v.) to fabricate ‘ancient helms’ and and that he had three houses, the Regent Street other armour and sold them on to collectors with property, 4 7 New Bond Street and another ‘faked’ provenances. Samuel Pratt Snr and Jnr unnamed property. He stated that his occupation supplied several pieces of ancient armour was as a ‘trunk-maker’. (sometimes modified by Grimshaw) to the Royal S 8c H Pratt issued catalogues of their stock in the Armouries during the period 11840-1:1870, 1840s, similar to the practice adopted by the including a half shaffron (VI.18) and a saddle dealer Horatio Rodd (q.v.) in the same period. (VI.396) in 1840 which had been acquired by The catalogues describe Pratt’s stock in Pratt from the collections of Count Oddi of contemporary ‘Romantic’ terms: ‘to gaze on the Padua. plumed casque of the Mailed Knight equipped for The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) sold ‘S 8c H the Tournament and to grasp the ponderous Pratt’ various curiosities over a long period of mace, yet encrusted with the accumulated rust of business transactions and Isaac records that centuries, cannot fail to inspire admiration for the Samuel Pratt (probably Samuel junior) is often in chivalrous deeds of our ancestors’. Samuel and Europe when Isaac is also there on buying trips DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 149

during the 1830s and 1840s. Isaac also records Clrrist, (made in Antwerp <1515) to William that sometimes Samuel Pratt undertakes his tours Sewell, for St. Peter’s College, Radley, with Mrs Pratt. Oxfordshire in 18 47; the diary of R.C. Singleton It is recorded that Samuel Pratt snr bought the first warden of the school, records that Pratt cited ‘Lothaire Crystal’ from the dealer Barthelemy two prices for the altar-piece; £ 14 0 for the altar- (q.v.) sometime in the 1830s and sold this to the piece in its present condition, or £19 0 ‘put into collector Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) for £ 10 . The perfect repair’ (the altar-piece remains at St. Lothaire Crystal’ was later sold at the Bernal Peter’s College). Samuel Pratt of New Bond Street auction sale at Christie’s in 18 55 for £ 16 7 and also supplied Lord Brougham with furniture to was bought at the auction by the dealer John the design of the architect Lewis Cottingham in Webb (q.v.) on behalf of the British Museum 1844. In the late 1 830s the architect William Bum (B M 1855, 120 1.5). In 18 4 2 Pratt is recorded as (178 9 -18 70 ) recommended ‘Messrs Pratt, 47 the buyer of at least 17 lots at the auction sale of New Bond Street’ for the supply of ‘old oak the contents of Strawberry Hill, including ‘a pair carvings’ to his client Onesiphorous Tyndall of Raphaelware plates, Adam and Eve and Bruce, of Falkland House in Fife. Samuel Luke the Sacrifice of Isaac’ (lot 66, 12* day, £8.8.0.); ‘a Pratt supplied some ‘ancient furniture’ to Sir beautiful Gold medal of the Emperor Maximillian James Kay-Shuttleworth at Gawthorpe Hall in II, very fine’ (lot 86, 15 * day, £9.9.0.); ‘a most Lancashire in 18 52; in a letter in the archive at beautiful small pierced Faenza ware dish, by John Rylands Library, Manchester, Sir James Kay- Bernard Palizzi’ (lot 47, 16* day, £4.15.0.); ‘two Shuttleworth writing to his wife, Janet, mentions singularly shaped Welch Chairs, with arms ‘the Elizabethan chairs made by Pratt’; the two painted blue and white, on one the arms of Mr. carved oak armchairs remain in the collections at Richard Bateman are painted’ (lor 102, 17 * day, Gawthorpe Hall, - (see figure 3). ‘Samuel L. Pratt’ £4.10.6.); ‘a very beautiful leather Tournament is also known to have supplied objects to Shield painted by Polidore, with the head of Knebworth House in the 1850s. Perseus on the outside’ (lor 86, 19 * day, Samuel Pratt sold ‘an Italian carved oak screen’ to £10.10.0.) and ‘sundry Indian Arrows &c’ the Earl of Warwick in 18 52 and continued to (lot 92, 24* day, £ 0 .11.o.). supply armour to the Earl up to the 1870s. The At the auction sale of the contents of Stowe in purchase accounts of Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks (1820 -1894), (later Lord Tweedmouth) record 1848, Pratt is listed as the buyer of 8 lots, amounts totalling over £3,000 to Samuel Luke including ‘a noble pier table, with a slab of bianco Pratt during the period 1856 -74 . In 1864 Samuel e nero antico’ (lot 520, £9.19.6.), and ‘it’s Pratt sold two Chinese Vases (£60.0.0.) to the companion’ (Iot52i, £8.8.0.); ‘a figure in a collector Charles Winn (179 5-18 74 ) of Nostell complete suit of chain mail’ (lot 258, 22“* day, Prior)', Wakefield and wrote a letter concerning the £6.6.0.) and ‘two subjects painted in enamel, a Chinese Vases to Charles Winn - ‘I am informed by Dresden snuff-box, 2 thimbles and a souvenir’ (lot the person who imported them that they were 444, £ 1.12.0 .). Pratt is also recorded as the buyer purchased at the King of Duronarfe’s Sale. They of at least 126 lots at the auction sale of the are a very grand pair and of rare colour. I would collection of Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March take form them at this time of year £60 the pair 18 5 5 , including ‘a pair of Medieval tall for cash. If I keep them till the season I anticipate candlesticks’ (lot 1306, £24.0.0.); ‘armour breast that I shall get a much larger price from the and back plates, with lance rest attached, French Dealers’. - (the vases are cold-painted engraved and inlaid with gold, 15 30 to 1540 ’ (lot faience and are believed to have been made in 2 4 13 , £6.0.0.); ‘a Spanish demi-suit, fluted, with Berlin <1840; they remain at Nostell Prior)’). The helmet and peaked visor...date about 1480’ (lot 4* Marquess of Hertford recorded in a letter to 2432, £24.3.0.); ‘a pair of wooden candlesticks, his agent Samuel Mawson (q.v.) that ‘Mr. Pratt’ inlaid with mother-o’-pearl’ (lot 3729 , £6.0.0.); ‘a had reneged on an agreement with him in January superb carved and gilt pier table, legs formed of i 858(?), much to Lord Hertford’s annoyance. four terminal figures...a group of stag and dogs ‘Messrs. Samuel 8c Henry Pratt, Bond Street’ were on the looking glass...’ (lot 4 14 5 , £20.15.0.); and recorded to be in possession of a pair of brass fire ‘two very handsome Gothic oak cabinets’ (lots dogs, illustrated in Sir Samuel Meyrick and Henry 427S & 4279, £40.0.0.). Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient Furniture (1836) Samuel Pratt supplied an altar-piece. Passion o f (plate LVI) (see figure 18). Samuel Pratt loaned 50 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALE

several objects to the Gore House exhibition in 100-105; Lucy Wood, LaJy Lezer Art GaHery. Czcclop London, 18 5 3 . ‘Samuel Pratt jnr’ also loaned C om m odes, (1994), p. 28, 61149; Janet My In, £_V. CoTtirr 1787-1847. architect o f the Gothic Reiitul, (1996). p. 47 armour to the Manchester Art Treasures 142-3; Kim Woods, ‘S o m e Sixteenth-century Antwerp C Exhibition in 18 5 7 and according to J.R . Planche Wooden Altar-pieces in England*, The Burlington Mag: (179 6 -1880 ), Pratt was contracted to do other vol.141, no.1132, March 1999, pp. 144-55. PP- 15 1-3 ; Rot work at the 18 5 7 exhibition. Lowe, Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick and Goodrich C ou rt, (2003 188-9, p. 199, pp. 232-3; www.oIdbaileyonline.com.] ‘Samuel Luke Pratt of 4 7 New Bond Street, upholsterer’, was declared bankrupt in September PRESTING 18 5 2 and applied for adjudication in bankruptcy against him to be set aside in December 18 58 , ‘M r Presting’ was a curiosity dealer tra< which was granted by Commissioner Goulbum. in London in the opening decades of Henry Joseph Pratt ‘trunkmaker, 12 3 New Bond 19'*' century; the dealer Abraham Davies (q.v,i) f Street’ was declared bankrupt in May 18 5 5 and it him a number of curiosities on sale or retun may be that these financial difficulties led to December 18 19 , including *Bronze medals, Henry Pratt leaving the firm; Henry is recorded as Ostrich gilt mounted egg and a Dresden snuff b [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijp/AJjj, Vaste book’, no ‘Manager’ of the ‘Gallery of Antiquites and Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] Ancient Furniture’ of Samuel Clare (q.v.) in an advertisement in The Morning Chronicle on PRICKETT October 28,h 1859 . Prickett was a curiosity dealer in Furth, ‘Samuel Pratt of 4 7 N ew Bond Street and Germany during the 1830s. The dealer J 15 Pembridge Place, Bayswater’ died on the Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought curiosities fi iS * September 18 78 , aged 73. The remaining Prickett in the early 1830s, when Isaac collections of Samuel L Pratt were sold after his mentioned that he had been ‘involved i death at Christie’s 19 * & 20* February 1879. [auction] knockout with Mr Prickett’ Alfred Pratt, (possibly the son of Henry Jnr) is Nuremburg in 18 3 3 . Isaac also mentions listed as ‘dealer in works of art’ at 14 7 New Bond Prickett is also buying in Frankfurt in 18 3 5 w Street in Kelly’s Directory, 18 8 3; ‘A.Pratt’ is also Isaac was also there. M r Prickett apjrears to recorded as the buyer of ‘8 Old Japan dishes’ (lot 1 been close to the Isaac family and he attended 95, £18.18.0 .) at the auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882. funeral of Gabriel Davies (q.v.) in Furth in il [John Coleman Isaac archive, MSijy/Afyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, Isaac’s father-in-law, the dealer Gabriel Dat no.50, no.51, no.72, no. 14 1, no.14 1, no.144-30, no.155, no.249, suggested that Prickett was something of a roj no.306, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Scarisbrick (See also Mr. Pickert) archive, 78/4, Lancashire County Record Office; DDSC (i)( 10), [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjp/AJyj, no.33, no.70, no Greville of Warwick Castle archive, CR1886/B0X834/16, Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] Warwickshire County Record Office; Winn Archive, WYL1352JA1/8/16/41, West Yorkshire archives; Catalogue of the Exhibition of Arms & Armour, No.j Lower Grosvenor Street, Bond Street (1838); H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841); Catalogue of Specimens of Cabinet Work-exhibited at Gore House, Kensington, (1833); C. Thurston Thompson, Photographs of Furniture Exhibited at Gore House, 2833, (1833); Catalogue of the Art Treasures of the United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1837, (1837), p. 156; Francis Cripps-Day, A Record of Armour Sales 1881-1914, (1925), passim; Gerald Reitlinger, The Economics of Taste, Volume II, (1963), p. 106, p. 109, p. 122; Richard Altick, The Shows of London, (1978), p. 391; John Ingamells, (ed), The Hertford Mawson Letters, (1981), p. 105, 613; Ian Anstruther, The Knight and the Umbrella: An Account of the Eglington Tournament, 1839, (1986), pp. 128-32, p. 235; Clive Wainwright, ‘Curiosities to fine Art, Bond Street’s first dealers’, Country Life, 29* May 1986, pp. 1328-9; Beard & Christopher Gilbert (cds.). Dictionary of English Furniture Makers, 1660-1840, (1986), p. 7 12; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home 1730-1830, (1989), p. 32-3 and passim; K.N. Watts, ‘Samuel Pratt and armour faking’, in Mark Jones (ed.). Wiry Fakes Matter, (1992), pp. 3 U AN TR ELL, George Quanrrell is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer' at 126 Wardour Street, London, in 1870, and at 201 & 203 Wardour Street in Kelly’s Director)’, 1882. The firm was continued by his sons as Alfred & Sidney George Quantrell ‘antique furniture warehouse’ at 203 Wardour Street in the 1890s. 152 aa RAD CLYFFE, Leopold census returns for 18 6 1 record Isaac Ramus Leopold Radclyffe is recorded as ‘China Dealer’ resident a 100 Waterloo Road, a ‘general dealer’, at 30 Hanway Street, London, aged 4 2 and bom aged 50, together with his wife, Martha, aged 44. in St. James, Middlesex, together with his wife Ramus is listed as ‘art dealer’ at 74 Piccadilly in ‘M ’ aged 37, bom at Waldershare, Kent and son Kelly’s Director)-, 1883. ‘H’ aged 12 in the 18 6 1 census returns. Radclyffe Isaac Ramus ‘dealer in works of art’ was present was in partnership with the dealer Samuel at the marriage of his son, Jacob Alfred Ramus Litchfield (q.v,.) from *1857. The partnership of (30) of Lancaster House, also a ‘dealer in w'orks Litchfield 8c Radclyffe was dissolved in 18 70 - of art’, to Esther Bloomfield (26) on 19* June (see figure 37). 1889.

RAINEY, James RAPHAEL J 8c T Rainey are listed as ‘auctioneers and Raphael is recorded as a curiosity- dealer in appraisers’ at 20 and 2 1 Southgate Street, Bath in Madrid. The collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber Slater’s Directory, 18 52 . ‘Rainey, Bath’ is recorded (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought a Bow- china figure from as the buyer of at least 22 lots at the auction of Raphael in March 18 72. the contents of Stowe in 1848, including ‘two [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, Chelsea fruit dishes; 10 Dresden saucers; 7 cups’ (1911), vol.i.p. 139.I (lot 13 , £2.2.0.); ‘a pair of beautiful console encoignueres, with flowers of Dresden porcelain’ RASELL, Robert (lot 292, £18.18.0 ), and ‘fifteen large buttons, Robert Rasell is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at painted with subjects from the life of Henri 2 Back Hill, Leather Lane, London, in Pigot’s • Quatre, formerly worn by George IV’ (lot 4 6 1, Directory, 1839 . £5.10.0.); ‘Rainey, Bath’ is also recorded as the buyer of at least 9 lots at the auction of the R ATH BONE, Frederick collection of Ralph Bernal (1783-1854) in Frederick Rathbone (18 3 7 -19 19 ) trained as a March 18 5 5 , including ‘a Dresden cup and bookseller and also worked for the art dealers saucer, scalloped, crimson, with flowers Agnews in Liverpool and Manchester. He later encrusted in imitation of oriental’ (lot 7 3 , worked as a salesman for Wedgwood 8c Co w’here £2.5.0.); ‘a Berlin coffee pot and cover’ (lot 370, he sold both new and old Wedgwood at a shop in £5.0.0.), and ‘a Vienna teapot’ (lot 378, Brighton. By 1883 Rathbone had left Wedgwood; £2.15.0.). ‘James Rainey of Bath’ exhibited ‘a he is listed as ‘bric-a-brac 8c art dealer’ at 20 cabinet of Antique Silver, containing several Alfred Place West, South Kensington in Kelly’s German drinking cups and covers, i6,h Directory, 18 8 3. Rathbone was an acknowledged century...and a silver-gilt plate chased with the expert on ceramics, especially Wedgwood and subject of the Adoration (date early part of the was the author and co-author of a number of \6 A century), from the Strawberry Hill collection’ texts and exhibition catalogues on Wedgwood at the Temporary Museum at the Town Hall at China published during the 1870 s, 1880s Bradford in August 18 57 . and 1890s. [The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, ‘F.Rathbone’ is recorded as the buyer of ‘ 24 Old voI.IV, (1858), p. 252.] French Faience Dishes’ (lot 894, £10.10.0.) at the RAM SD EN , John auction sale of the contents of Hamilton Palace in John Ramsden is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 85 1882. Rathbone sold Wedgwood ceramics to Wardour Street, London, in the Post Office Lord Twxedmouth (1820-1894) and also Directory for 18 4 1. compiled a catalogue of the Tweedmouth collection of Wedgwood for an exhibition at the RAM U S, Isaac shop of Charles Davis (q.v.) in London in 1905. Isaac Ramus is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ Rathbone also sold objects to collectors such as at 148 Strand, London, in i860 and at 494 Lord Lever and to the collector, dealer and artist Oxford Street in Kelly’s Directory, 186 5 and James Orrock (1829-1913) and he appears 1870. Ramus is listed as ‘dealer in works of art’ at regularly in the accounts of the dealer Edwin 74 Piccadilly in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. The Marriott Hodgkins (q.v.) in the late 1880s. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 153

Rathbone presented an 18* century coat and Wanvickshire, 1850. In White’s Directory (1850) waistcoat to the Victoria and Albert Museum in Redfem’s shop has a fulsome description by ‘Miss August 1899. Rathbone also donated a number of Sinclair’ (repeated in Henry Cooke Historical 18* century specimens of English porcelain to Guide to Wanvick Castle 18 51); ‘yve found one of American museums, including the Philadelphia the best and most expensive curiosity shops I ever Museum of Art and the Metropolitan Museum of encountered, full of antiques and ancient Art in New York. Bijouterie, fossil remains of old fashions, long (Edwin Marriott Hodgkins archive, 1601/1, 1601/1, Westminster since extinct, yvhich might puzzle a modern G tr archives; Frederick Rathbone, Old Wedguood, being a philosopher to invent uses for; though their catalogue of specimens of old Wedgurtod uxtre, (1876); Frederick multitude and variety could not be exceeded in Raihbone, Old tVedgwood and Old Wedgwood ware: handbook to the collection formed by Richard Tangye and George Tangye, any collection in London. Mr Redfem goes to the (iS S jk Frederick Rathbone, Old Wedgwood: the decorath-e or continent every year for a relay of old china, artistic ceramic uxyrk, (1898b Frederick Rathbone, A Catalogue of a collection of plagues, medallions, loses and figures in coloured carved oak, original pictures, ivory figures, ancient missals, and all those odds and ends jasperware and basalte, (1901); Frederick Rathbone, The Collection of Old Wedgwood formed by Lord Tweedmouth, yvhich yvealthy persons are apt to fancy yvhen time (1905); Frederick Rathbone, A Catalogue of the Wedguood and money hang heayy in the hand...though the Museum, Eturia, (1909); Ann Eatwcll, ‘Lever as a Collector of shop yvas croyvded yvith visitors, not one of yvhom Wedgwood and the collecting of Wedgwood in the nineteenth- century’, Journal of the History of Collections, vol-f, no.r, 1991, the oyvner seemed to recognise by name, he pp. ;j9-:j(; Lucy Wood, Lady Lexer Art Gallery, Catalogue of alloyved ever)' stranger to ramble at large over the Commodes, 1994, p. 28, p. jo, p. J2-J yvhole extent of his shop, apparently as much pleased yvith those yvho admired, as yvith those RATLEY yvho purchased.’ The census returns for 18 6 1 Ratlev is recorded as a ‘curiosity- dealer’ trading record Charles Redfem aged 63 resident at Jury from Duke’s Court, St Martin’s Lane, London, Street, Warwick, trading as a ‘dealer in yvorks of during the 1820s and 1 830s. ‘The stock of the late art’ bom in Wanvick, living yvith his yvife Sarah Mr Ratley, curiosity' dealer’, including ‘a Neyv aged 64, also bom in Wanvick. Redfem yvas also Zealanders Head, tattooed’, yvas sold at auction a member of the council at Wanvick from the by Messrs Thomas & Stevens, King Street, early 1830s and also sen-ed as Mayor of Wanvick Covent Garden, on January 4* and 5* 18 32. during the 1850s. In i860 the yvriter American Bayard Taylor RAY, James (18 2 5 -18 7 8 ) published a short description of James Ray is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 1 Redfem’s shop; "Feyv Americans, I presume, have King Street in Pigot’s Director)', 18 39 and heard of Charles Redfem, yet there are not many continues to be listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1 of the English nobility to yvhom his name and King Street, West India Dock Road in i860. The person are not familiar. If any sale of rare and census returns for 18 6 1 records James Ray curious furniture, old heirlooms, jeyvelry, or other resident at 1 King Street, Poplar, a ‘curiosity objects of virtu, takes place anyyvhere between the dealer’, aged 64, together yvith his yvife Janette Alps and John o’Groats house, Redfem is sure to aged 55 and their daughter Martha aged 20. be there...Redfem, yvho began life yvith scarce a penny, yvas Mayor of Wanvick, and had a house RAYNER, Samuel crammed from top to bottom yvith the rarest, Samuel Rayner is recorded as ‘dealer in most unique and superb articles. There is a barely curiosities’ at 2 3 2 Regent Street, London, in the room to get up and doyvn the stairs, and to pass records of the Sun Fire Office in 1834 and is listed in and out of the rooms. Your nen-es are in a as ‘antique furniture and china dealer’ at 27 tingle from the time you enter to the time you Wardour Street in the Post Office Directory for leave. Stumble in the entry and you yvill knock 1836. doyvn an antique bust; open the door too yvide, and you smash a vase of gilded porcelain; lean too RED FERN, Charles far to the right, and you shatter some urns of Charles Rcdfem (*179 8 -18 6 8 ) is listed as agate and amethyst; to the left, and you break the ‘curiosity' dealer’ in Jury Street, Warwick, in dressing-case of Charles I. Here is Cromyvell’s Pigot’s Directory, 18 4 1 and as ‘dealer & collector mother, taken from life; there a Holbein or a of yvorks of an ’ at Jury Street, Warwick, in Salvator Rosa; here jeyvels that belonged to Marie Francis White’s History, Gazetteer & Directory o f Antoinette; there the spoils of tyventy palaces. The 154 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

whole collection must be worth at least $75,000.’ whole length of Mary’, Duchess of Richmond, a Taylor also described Redfem, who ‘had a frank, copy from Vandyck’, (lot 1 1 7 , 20* day, £9.19.6.). ruddy face, which no one could help liking, was The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v:) recorded that exceedingly affable.’ he sold Redfem some curiosities in 18 4 1. ‘ Mr The writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (180 4-186 4) Charles Redfem’ is listed as a subscriber to Henry also described Redfem’s shop in Our Old Home Rumsey Forster’s Stowe Catalogue Priced and (published 1868); ‘If any visitor is inclined to Annotated (1848). ‘Redfem, of Warwick’ also carry away any little memorial of Warwick, he bought over 40 lots at the Stowe auction sale, had better go to an old curiosity' shop in the High including ‘a triple casket, of amber, with friezes Street, where there is a vast quantity’ of obsolete and medallions in relief...from Fonthill’, (lot 2 13 , gewgaws, great and small...the shop in question is £ 12 .15 .), (Redfem sold this to Sir H.Broughton of near the East Gate, but is hardly to be found Broughton Hall, Stafford); ‘an ostrich egg - without careful search, being denoted by the mounted in silver’, (lot 2 7 7 , £ 10 .10 .0 .), name “ R E D FE R N " painted not very’ (illustrated in the Stowe Catalogue Priced and conspicuously in the top-light of the door. Annotated (1848); ‘a pair of unique spiral Immediately on entering, we find ourselves columns of bianco enero antico...5 feet high’ (lot among a confusion of old rubbish and valuable, 7 5 2 , £34.2.6.) & ‘a handsome fire-screen, the ancient armour, historic portraits, ebony cabinets panel painted in oil with a fete champetre’ (lot inlaid with pearl, tall, ghostly clocks, hideous old 798, £31.10 .0 .), both lots on behalf of M r Mark china, dim looking-glasses in frames of tarnished Phillips. Redfem also purchased several lots on magnificence, - a thousand objects of strange behalf of the Marquis of Hertford at the Stow’e aspect....the collection, even as we see it exposed sale, including a pair of ‘superb tables, with noble to view, must have been got together at great cost; slabs of verde antique...upon carved gilt frames, but the real treasures in the establishment lie in in the Grecian taste’, (lots 8 1 1 Sc 812, £56.14.0. secret repositories, whence they are not likely to each); ‘a noble armoire, of ebony’ (lot 10 2 1, be drawn forth at an ordinary summons; though, £210 .0 .); ‘a tab!e...by Boulanger’ (lot 1 1 4 7 , if a gentleman with a competently long purse £ 18 3.15.0 .); and two ‘Gothic robe chests of should call for them, I doubt not that the signet- Gophir wood...from Fonthill’ (lot 236 & lot 238, ring of Joseph’s friend Pharaoh, or the Duke of £22.1.0 . Sc £21.0.0.). The chests w’ere actually Alva’s leading-staff, or the dagger that killed made <1815 and had previously been purchased Buckingham (all of which I have seen), or any by the dealer Broadw’ood (<7.1'.) at the Fonthill other almost incredible thing, might make its auction in 18 2 3 ; they remain at the Wallace appearance. Gold snuff-boxes, antique gems, Collection in London, (F472). jewelled goblets, Venetian wine-glasses...jasper- Redfem purchased at least 45 lots at the auction handled knives, painted Sevres teacups....it would sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3-18 5 4 ) be easier to spend a hundred pounds in Mr. in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a Dresden china ew'er Redfem’s shop than to keep money in one’s and cover, seagreen, with eight landscape and river pocket...’ Charles Redfern was also famous scenes’ (lot 47, £7.2.6.); ‘a Sevres oval two-handed enough to be satirised as ‘the well-known dealer, plateau’ (lot 537, £11.0.0.); ‘a Halberd, with a Mr. Blackleaf, of Warwick’ by Sydney Whiting in pierced blade, and a powerful partisan, engraved a sardonic essay published in Once a Week in and inlaid with gold’ (lot 2 17 4 , £8.10.0.); ‘a April 1862. carved and gilt bracket, on four terminal figures’ Redfem is recorded as the buyer of at least 19 lots (lot 4 15 8 , £ 16 .16 .0 .) and ‘a magnificent at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Commode, w’ith three drawers of Old Boule’ (lot Hill in 18 4 2, including ‘six antique chased silver 4 19 3 , £118.0.0.). Redfem is also recorded as the salt spoons (1 faulty)’ (lot 15 4 , 1 1 * day, £1.0.0.); buyer of paintings at several London auction ‘a splendid cabinet of Rosewood designed by rooms during the period 18 18 -18 3 8 . Walpole* (lot 66, iy * day, £126.0.0.) - (the ‘C. Redfem Esq.’ is listed as a contributor to the ‘Walpole Cabinet’ now at the Victoria 8c Albert Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 18 57 . It Museum, W .52:i, 2 -19 2 5 ); ‘a very remarkable is also apparent from the Redfem archive chest or coffer of Old Japan inlaid with (C R 19 8 J Warwickshire Record Office), that mother’o’pearl’ (lot 6 1, 2 3rd day, £28.7.0.); a Redfem was involved in some capacity’ in the beautiful figure of St. Roche in fine old Faenza private subscription company to ‘save Ashton ware’ (lot 90, Z4A day, £1.14 .0 .) and ‘a small Hall’ near Birmingham in the 1850 s - (the DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 155

purchase of Ashton Hall was eventually REES, Solomon completed by Birmingham City Council in 1864, Solomon Rees is listed as ‘jeweller and curiosity but the Hall and Park were formally opened to dealer’ at 7 Hanway Street, London, in Pigot’s the public by Queen Victoria in 1858). Director)', 18 36 and 1839. The ‘Highly important sale of Works of Art and Verru being the entire stock-in-trade of that well- REN ALS, Richard Bcswick known connoisseur and collector, Mr Charles Richard Beswick Renals is listed as ‘picture Redfem, deceased’ was sold at auction by ‘Messrs cleaner, liner 8c restorer, dealer in old china, Cooke’s (in conjunction with Messrs bronzes etc’ at 66 Granby Street, Leicester in Margetts)..at the rooms of Messrs Frederick Barker’s Directory for 1875. Coote 8c Co, St. John’s Warwick’ commencing on i i * May 1868, ‘and following days’. The auction REEVES, William included ‘some very choice specimens of William Reeves is listed as ‘ upholsterer and decorative furniture, fine old red and black boule, furniture broker’ at 12 Courthouse Street, Hastings commodes, and writing tables; Florentine in Kelly’s Directory, 18 5 1. George Reeves is listed as cabinets inlaid with Pierre Commesse; commodes ‘furniture broker and house agent’ at 10 8c 12 of old Japan lac and marqueterie; a superb Courthouse Street, Hastings in the Post Office cabinet, in ebony tortoiseshell and ivory; Directory for 1866. ‘Reeves Bros’ are listed as Florentine, Roman, and other bronzes; antique ‘furniture brokers’ at 9,10 8c 12 Courthouse Street marbles and ivories; a large collection of Dresden, and at 2 8c 3 Union Street, Hastings in Kelly’s Berlin and Sevres porcelain; Oriental, Crackle, Directory, 1878. By the 1890s ‘Reeves 8c Son’ are Egg-shell, Worcester, Derby, Chelsea and other listed as ‘furniture dealers’ at 43 High Street and ro China; nearly 4,000 ounces of valuable antique 8c 12 Courthouse Street, Hastings. silver plate...Limoges enamels; a collection of up Reeves 8c Son were supposedly established as to i$ o oil paintings, some of very high quality; early as 18 1 8 and a i9 A century albumen about 700 volumes of interesting books.’ photograph, (.1850), purportedly depicting the The house/shop of Charles Redfem still exists in shop of Reeves 8c Son was sold at Christie’s Jury Street, Warwick and retains a stained-glass South Kensington auction sale on i8 d‘ November panel over the front door with the name ‘Redfem’ 2003, lot 1 - (see figure n ) . Anecdotally, Reeves (figures 4 8c 5). 8c Son’s premises at 2 Courthouse Street were [Charles Redfem archive, CR198J, Warwickshire County Record Office; John Coleman Isaac archive, MSijq/AJj j , ‘waste book’, destroyed in a German bombing raid in 1943. no.467, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; H. Bum, The last member of the Reeves family retired in Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841); Henry Cooke, An Historical Guide the late 1990s and the business and trading VTj (1851); to ntick Castle Catalogue of the An Treasures of the name is continued by M r C. J. Hawkins at United Kingdom collected at Manchester in 1837 (1857), p. 176; Bayard Taylor; At Home and Abroad: a sketch-book of Life, 4 -6 Courthouse Street. Scenery, and Men (1S60), pp. 64-65; Sydney Whiting, ‘Bric-a- [Information concerning the later history' of Reeves & Son kindly Brac*. Once a XCeek, April 5* 1861, pp. 401-407; Nathaniel supplied during a telephone conversation with Mr C.J. Hawkins in Hawthorne, Our Old Home, (1863); George Redford, Art Sales, November 2003.] (18S8), (a vols.), passim; John Ingamells, (ed.), The Hertford Mau-son Letters, (19S1), p. 12, p. 22; Getty Provenance Index REUBENS, David Aaron Databases, w-ww.piwrb.pctty.edu.| David Aaron Reubens described himself as ‘a dealer in antique furniture’ trading at Old REEKS, James Compton Street, London, during testimony as James Reeks is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at plaintiff in a case of theft heard at the Old Bailey 6 Crosby Row, London, in Kelly's Director)', on 15* May 1834. Reubens is listed as ‘antique 1S60. furniture and china dealer’ at 32 Minories in the Post Office Directory for 1836. The dealer John REES, Daniel Coleman Isaac {q.v.) purchased a “black carved Daniel Rees is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at ebony cabinet’ and other objects from ‘M r Rubens’ 6 Gray’s Inn Passage, London, in 18 32. Rees is in December 1830. listed as ‘silversmith and curiosity dealer’ at [John Coleman Isaac archive, MStj^/AJjj, ‘waste book’, 14 Hanway Street in Pigot’s Directory, 1836 no.467, Hanley Library, University of Southampton; and 1839. tt-ww.oldbaileyonline.org] 156 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

RHODES, Charles RIGHINI Charles Rhodes is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Righini was recorded as a curiosity dealer in ‘ i n (old number 390) Oxford Street’ London, in Genoa trading from 279 Palazzo Franconi, in the Kelly's Directory, 1882. Piazza Lucoli, in 18 5 2 . The publisher John Murray, writing in 18 52 , mentioned that Righini RIATTI is ‘the best for velvets'. Riatti was a curiosity dealer with a shop in [John Murray, Handbook for Traixllers in Northern Italy, (185a), Venice, Italy. There appear to have been two p. 89.] Riatti’s; the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) mentions ‘the one in the Ghetto, not the rich one’, ROBINS, George Henry in a letter sent to his wife Sarah from Venice dated George Henry Robins (17 7 7 -18 4 7 ) is recorded as 4* September 18 55. This Riatti ‘had two very ‘auctioneer’ at 31 Henrietta Street, Covent much broken Raffael ware plates in his hand’ Garden, London, in the records of the Sun Fire which Isaac mentions Riatti had offered to the Office in 18 2 2 and was trading at Warwick dealer M r Tironi (q.v.) for ‘20 napoleons...or £ 16 ’. [John Coleman Isaac archive, no.83, Hartley House, Regent Street by 18 24 and at 7 to 10 Library, University of Southampton.] Piazza, Covent Garden in Pigot's Directory, 1839. Edmund Robins is listed as ‘auctioneer’ at 10 RICE, George Piazza, Covent Garden in Kelly’s Directory, 18 52 . George Rice is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 232 George Robins took charge of many of the most George Street, Sydney, N ew South Wales, significant auction sales of collections in the first Australia in the Post Office Directory for 1867. half of the nineteenth-century, including the RICHETTI contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2 and the Richetti is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading in contents of The Pryor’s-bank, Fulham, in 18 4 1. Venice in the 1870s and 1880s. Richetti had Robins is also famous for introducing modem several dealings with the South Kensington auctioneering practices into the profession and Museum in the early 1880s. In 1884 The South for being very flamboyant. Robins is referred Kensington Museum purchased a late 15 * century to in the works of Byron, Dickens and stone relief of St George and the Dragon (V & A Thackeray and he was regularly caricatured as ‘M r 53b -i8 8 4) from Richetti. (see Righetti, below) Hammersmith, Mr Triptolemus Scattergoods, Mr [Clive Wainwrighr, (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), George Bobbins and M r Redbreast’ in newspaper ‘The Making of the South Kensington Museum III: Collecting and journal reports. Henry and John Robins, one Abroad’, Journal of the History o f Collections, volume 14, no.i, 1001, pp. 43-61, p. 39-60.] of which was probably George’s father, are listed as auctioneers at Great Piazza, Covent Garden in the RIGHETTI, Henry B Post Office Directory for 1800. Henry Righetti is listed as 'art dealer and [Gerald Reitlingei; The Economics o f Taste. Volume II, (1963), importer’ at 8 Great Russell Street, London, in passim .] Kelly's Directory, 1879. ROBINSON, James RIDEWOOD, William James Robinson is recorded as ‘dealer in ancient William Ridewood is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ furniture, pictures, bronzes, sculpture, armour, trading at 9 Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, carvings, books, china, musical clocks and natural London, in Pigot's Directory, 18 39 & 1840. On and artificial curiosities’ at 55 & 56 Rathbone 6* April 1840 William Ridewood was a witness in Place and at 27 Oxford Street, London, in the a case of theft heard at the Old Bailey, when he records of the Sun Fire Office in 1836 . Robinson described himself as ‘a broker and curiosity is described as ‘picture warehouse’ in Tallis’ dealer, in Cleveland Street.’ London Street Views, 1838/1840 and as ‘importer [mvw.oldbnileyonline.org] of curiosities’ at 27 Oxford Street in Pigot’s RIM ELL, William Directory’, 18 39 . By 18 4 1, Robinson is listed as William Rimell is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 12 ‘curiosity dealer’ at 13 Rathbone Place. Wardour Street, London, in the Post Office ‘Robinson, Oxford Street’ is recorded as the buyer Directory for 18 24 and at 15 Castle Street in of at least 17 lots at the auction sale of the 1829. Rimell is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2, including ‘a at 15 Castle Street East, Oxford Market in Pigot’s drawing of Christ and Mary’ Magdalen in the Directory, 1832/33 and 1836 . Garden, by Lady Catherine Walpole’ (lot 38, 13 * DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 157

day, £4.4.0.); ‘a magnificent Bronze group of of ancient oak furniture and other curiosities a; Apollo and Daphne’ (lot 29, 19* day, £22.10.0.); well as prints of British portraits anc ‘a pair of bronze and gold carved chairs’ (lot 4, topographical prints of British counties anc 24* day, £2.2.0.) and ‘an old carved chest’ (lot included ‘ancient stained glass’ and ‘six antique 1 2 1 , 24* day, £1.1.0 .). A table supplied by high-backed chairs, very’ finely carved in walnut Robinson in 18 3 7 to George Lucy for Charlecote tree...£7.75’. Rodd also published a ‘Catalogue o Park, Warwickshire, at a cost of £47.5.0. has a Painted British Portraits’ in 1824, 1825 and one ir label on the underside; ‘Robinson, Decorater 18 27, (issued from his 17 Air Street, Piccadilly and Furnisher a I’Antique, Importer of and Dealer address), which included paintings priced betweer in Ancient Furniture, Pictures, Bronzes, Sculpture, 2gns and 6ogns, including ‘William Hogarth’; Armour, Carvings, Books Curiosities & c. portrait of Lord Lovat’. An 18 4 2 catalogue 27 Oxford Street and 56 Rathbone Place’. included a ‘prie-dieu of the rime of Francis [H. Bum, Aedes Strawberriame, (1841); Clive VCainwright, T h e Premier...£5.55’ and an “Elizabethan chimney- Romantic Interior, the British collector at home 1750-1850, piece from an old house at Bow, Middlesex... (*9 *9). P- 2 J 0-1 £ 15 .15 5 ’ (figures 6 & 7). The auctioneer George Robins (q.v.) sold the ‘Valuable and Highly RODD, Horatio interesting Stock of English Porrrairs...property ol Horatio Rodd (179 8 -18 58 ) is listed as ‘picture M r H. Rodd’, on 19* July 1849. dealer’ at 3 Panton Street, Haymarket, London, in Rodd sold ancient objects etc to the collector G, the Post Office Directory for 18 2 2 and at the W. Braikenridge ( 17 7 5 -18 5 6 ) of Broomwell same address in 18 33. Rodd is listed as ‘picture House near Bristol in the 1820s and 1830s (figure dealer’ at 23 Little Newport Street in Pigot’s 19). Rodd offered Braikenridge a pair ol Directory, 1824 and at 17 Air Street, Piccadilly in candlesticks in 18 34, purchased in conjuncrior 1826. Horatio Rodd was the second son of the with the dealer John Swaby (q.v.) from the well known book seller, writer and poet, Thomas auction sale at Lee Priory’, as well as selling Rodd (17 6 3 -18 2 2 ), who originally traded as Braikenridge the set of six walnut-tree chairs thai ‘imitation gem merchant’ in Sheffield in 1804, Rodd included in his 1824 catalogue and a large later becoming a book seller in London, trading amount of carved woodwork which Braikenridge from 2 Great Newport Street from *1809 and *n installed at Broomwell House (figure 20). partnership with his son Thomas (179 6 -184 9 ) as The portrait painter Abraham Wivell in hi; T & H Rodd, booksellers and publishers; listed at ‘Supplement to an Inquiry into the history, 17 Little Newport Street in 1820. Thomas Rodd authenticity & characteristics o f the Shakespeare retired to the country in 18 2 1 and M r Sotheby Portraits' (1827) records that ‘Mr Rodd, a dealei sold the ‘Valuable stock of copper plates with in paintings, has a portrait of Shakespeare, which Impressions...property of M r Rodd’, in December was done in the year 1700. It is rather small, but 18 22. Thomas Rodd died at Clothall End, near an interesting picture; it bears a resemblance tc Baldock, Hertfordshire, on November Z7A 18 22, the Chandos portrait...’ ‘ Rodd, the bookseller ol aged 59. Following a bankruptcy, Horatio Rodd Little Newport Street’ is recorded as the purchasei is also known to have traded as book seller, in of the Chandos Portrait of Shakespeare at the partnership with his brother, Thomas Rodd Jnr. Stowe auction sale in 1848, (355gns) acting as the Horatio Rodd, of Jermyn Street, Piccadilly, ‘dealer agent for Lord Ellesmere. in curiosities’ was declared bankrupt in February The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded 1830 and again in August 1844. that he sold Rodd a pair of enamel candlesticks Horatio Rodd was secretary of The Virtuosi Fund prior to 18 4 1. Horatio Rodd is recorded as the (also known as The Dealers in Fine Arts Provident buyer of at least 48 lots at the auction sale of the Institution), which was established in 1842 for the contents of Strawberry' Hill in 1842, including ‘a assistance of members and their wives and portrait of Costanza Fregoss, by Holbein’ (lot 66, children who ‘had kept shop, showroom, or 20* day, £28.7.0.); ‘a portrait of Margaret Smith, gallery, principally for the sale of works of art’. wife of Thomas Carlyle, by Vandyck’, (lot 87, 20'* Horatio Rodd is regularly recorded as both buyer day, £78.15.0.); ‘a small portrait in oil of Philip and seller of paintings at various London auction Melancthon, by Holbein’, (lot 4 3, 20* day, rooms during the period 18 2 4 -18 4 0 . Rodd also £ 15 .15.0 .) and ‘a curious old German blue and regularly issued catalogues of his stock; in a white jug and 2 old English bottles, dated 16 46 ’ catalogue dated 1824, issued from his Great (lot 13 2 , 12 * day, £2.5.0.). Rodd also bought a Newoort Street address. Rodd lists several nieces small number of lots, mninlv nortmits. nr the 158 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

auction sale of the contents of Stowe in 1848, large collection of carvings by ‘the celebrated M r including, a portrait of ‘a gentleman - temp. Rogers’ was sold by Christie’s (date unknown), Elizabeth’, (lot 2.5, 2 1" day, £4.15.0.) and a the collection also included some older carvings, portrait of ‘Anne Hyde, Duchess of York’ by including some examples by ‘Gibbons.’ Rogers ‘Kneller’, (lot 354 , £34.13.0 .). Horatio Rodd was worked for Lord Hatherton in the 1830$ and also a subscriber to Henry Forster’s Stotve supplied a drawing for a large oak roundel ‘to be Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848). carved in oak’ with the Hatherton crest, the [John Coleman Isaac archive, MStjq/AJsj, n o .ji, Hartley drawing for which is in a private collection. Library, University of Southampton; George Weare Brail:enridge Rogers is also known to have worked for the archive, I 4 z 82(H B )/C /j 8~46, Bristol City Record Office; Duke of Sutherland at Lilleshall in Staffordshire Abraham Wivell, A Supplement to an inquiry into the history, authenticity & characteristics of the Shakespeare Portraits (1827), in the 1830 s and also to have worked at p. 29; H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842); Horatio Rodd, Chatswonh and at Keele Hall. In 18 4 2 the Remarks on the Chandos portrait of Shakespeare, <1849); Horatio architect William Bum (178 9 -18 70 ) mentioned Rodd, Catalogue of All the pictures of J.M.XP. Turner, (1857); Rogers as selling all sorts of carvings. Rogers is George Redford, Art Sales, (1888), (2 vols.), passim; W. Roberts, Memorials of Christie's; a record of art sales from 1766 to 1896, recorded as having exhibited ‘an ancient coffer’ at (1896), (2 vols.), vol.II, p. 149; Sheena Stoddard, Mr the Society' of Antiquaries in 1838. Braikenridge's Brislington (1981), p. 18, p. 25, p. 36, p. 53, p. 57; Rogers was one of the most famous wood carvers Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British collector at in the i9 A century, exhibiting at the Great home 1730-1830, (1989), p. 36, p. 58; Charles Tracy, Continental Exhibition in 18 5 1 and the Dublin Exhibition in Church Furniture, a traffic in piety, (2001), p. 45, p. 63; Oxford 18 5 3 , where he won a gold medal. He carved a Dictionary of National Biography; Getty Provenance Index Databases, wwsv.piweb.getty.edu.J cradle for Queen Victoria in 1 8 5 1 , which is still in the royal collections. Rogers was a member of the ROGERS, Henry organising committee for the Great Exhibition of Henry Rogers is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 5 1 and also carved work for the new House of 44 Holywell Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory', Lords in the 1840s and he was also cited by the i860. architect C.R. Cockerell (17 8 8 -18 6 3 ) in his capacity as witness to the Select Committee on Arts ROGERS, Mrs Lucy and Manufactures in 18 35 as one of the foremost Lucy Rogers is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 34 St carvers in the country. Rogers was also well known Martin’s Court, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. for his respect for the work of Gibbons and devised a method of preserving Gibbons’ carvings at St ROGERS, William Gibbs Paul’s Cathedral. In 18 7 3 Rogers received a W.G. Rogers ( 17 9 2 -18 7 5 ) was a celebrated pension of £50 p. a. from the Civil List in carver and cabinet maker trading at 18 Church recognition of his services as a wood carver. Street, Soho, London, but he is also known to [John Coleman Isaac archive, M StjyfAJjj, “waste book", no.467, have traded in curiosities. Rogers is listed as Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Obituary, A rt ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 Church Street in trade Jo u rn al, voLXIV, 1875, pp. 206-7; Richard Altick, The Shows of L o n d o n , (1978), p. 397; Clive Wainwright, Tire Romantic Interior, directories in 18 3 2 and in Kelly’s Directory, 1846 the British collector at home, 1730-1830, (1989), p. 6o.| Rogers is listed as ‘carver and gilder and collector of ancient carvings’, trading at 3 Great Newport RO LLIN 8c FEUARDENT Street. Rogers is known to have employed an Claude Rollin ( 18 13 -18 8 3 ) 8c Gaston Feuardent agent on the Continent to obtain ancient wooden (18 19 -19 0 7 ) are listed as Rollin 8c Feuardent carvings and sculpture. In 18 34 Rogers exhibited ‘dealers in ancient coins’ at 61 Great Russell ‘several hundred figures in boxwood and oak by Street in Kelly’s Directory, 1884. Claude Rollin, in the most celebrated carvers of the i4 ,h and iy * partnership with Feuardent, had opened a shop at centuries’, as well as coffers and carvings by 12 rue Vivienne, Paris by the 1860s. They opened ‘Grenlin Gibbons’fsic]. a branch at 27 Haymarket, London in 186 7, later The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.), exchanged moving to 10 Bloomsbury' Street. Rollin 8c some pictures with Rogers for a Buhl writing Feuardent made purchases at various auction table in October 18 30 and Isaac accepted a bill sales on behalf of the British Museum in the from John Bentley (q.v.) for William ‘Gibbins’ 1870s and 1880s [sic] Rogers in June 18 34. In September 18 4 3 the ‘Rollin 8c Feuardent’ are recorded as the buyers Art Union mentioned that M r Rogers had an of at least 30 lots at the auction of the contents of extensive collection of wood carvings 'ancient and Hamilton Palace in 18 8 2, including ‘an Eutruscan modem’ at his shop in Great Newport Street. A CEnoche, known as the Beckford Vase’ (lot 864, DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 159

£168.0.0); ‘a Henri II ware Tazza’ (lot 96 1, in June 1869. £12.18.0.0.), as well as a large number of ancient (Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreibers Journals coins. Rollin 8c Feuardent are also recorded as the (i9ii)l buyers of 8 lots at the auction sale of the collection RUNDELL 8c BRIDGE of Andrew Fountaine in June 1884, including ‘a Rundell 8c Bridge were silversmiths to George I\ Syracruse Decadrachm, fine and rare’ (lot 469 and William IV during the first and seconc £17.0.0.); ‘a Cydonia, fine and rare’ (lot 475 quarters of the nineteenth-century, but it alsc £3.10.0.), and ‘an oval medal, Robert Devereaux, appears that they sold curiosities. Rundell &; by Thos Simon, 1646’ (lot 507 £6.5.0.). After the Bridge are listed as ‘goldsmiths’ at 32 Ludgare Hill death of Claude Rollin in 1883 the firm continued London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. The dealer under the name of Feuardent Freres at 4 rue de John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded that he hac Louvois, Paris, until ‘ 19 53. [M jrjoric Caygill, ‘Franks and the British Museum', in Marjorie bought a pair of wooden spoons from Rundell & CarpU and John Cherry (eds.), A.W. Frinks, nineteenth-century Bridge in October 1842. John Bridge (17 5 5 -18 34 ) collecting and The British Museum, (1997). pp. 5 1- 114 , p. the main partner in Rundell 8c Bridge, was a notec T -* 0-1 9 collector of Indian sculpture. [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJjj, "waste book’, no.467 ROOD, John Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Michael D. Willis John Rood is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 3 ‘Sculpture from India*, in Majorie Caygill &: John Cherry (eds.) Panton Street, London, in the Post Office A.W. Franks, Nineteenth-century collecting and the Britisl Directory for 1832. M useum , (1997), pp. 250-261, pp. 152-4.)

ROUSELL RUSCA Rousell was a dealer in curiosities trading at 13 Rusca is recorded as a curiosity dealer in Italy, ai Quai Malaquais, Paris in the 1830s. In the archive Banchi Ceretani in Florence. Rusca sold objects tc of the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) a letter Henry Cole (18 0 8 -18 82) on behalf of the Soutl dated 15 * May 1838 records that ‘Mr Rousell, of Kensington Museum in 1859. Paris’ was in London on a buying trip and had [Clive Wainwright (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘Thi rejected ‘an enamelled dish & ewer and 6 plates’ making of the South Kensington Museum IIP, Jo u rn al o f thi History o f Collections, vol.14, no.i, 2001, pp. 4 5—61.[ at the shop of Isaac in Wardour Street as ‘not good enough for him.’ ‘Madame Rousell’ sold RUSSELL, Henry porcelain to the dealer Edward Holmes Baldock Henry Russell is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ ai (q.v.) in 1836 . 58 Greek Street, Soho, London, in Pigot’ ‘Rousell, Paris’ is recorded as the buyer of at least Directory’, 18 39 . 5 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘a salt cellar of RUSSELL, Israel the finest old Faenza ware, by Bernard Palizzi’ (lot Israel Russell is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities 80, 16* day, £5.0.0.); ‘a curious and antique at 61 Great Russell Street, London, in the record; Roman simpulum, in bronze’ (lot 45, 17'*“ day, of the Sun Fire Office in 18 34 . Israel Russell i; £11.0 .6 .) and ‘a fine Roman glass um’ (lot 18, listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 3 1 King Street it i8 d“ day, £4.14.6.). ‘Roussel of Paris’ is also Tallis’ London Street Views, 1838/1840 and a recorded as a purchaser at the auction sale of the the same address in Pigot’s Directory, 1836 anc collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in 18 55. 1839. Israel Russell was trading as ‘curiosit) The collection of ‘Mr Roussel’ was sold in Paris in dealer’ at 53 Upper Charlotte Street in Kelly’ the 1850s. Directory, i860 and 1865. The census returns foi [John Colemin Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJjj, 11042, H a n le y Library, University of Southampton; Albert Jacquemarr, (trans. by 18 6 1 records Israel Russell aged 63 resident at 53 M n Butt PatlrueT), A History o f Furniture, (1878), pri; Geoffrey Charlotte Street an ‘importer and dealer in work; d e Bella igue, ‘Edward Holmes Baldock. part T, Connoisseur, of art’, together with his wife, unnamed, aged 59 A u g u u 19 7 J, pp . 190-199, p . 291; Gerald Reitlinget, T h e Russell’s daughter Maria married Frederic! Economics o f Taste, Volume II, (196)), p . n8.| Brandon of Charlton Road, St. John’s Wood or RUGGIERI 2 5,,, February’ 18 57. Ruggieri is recorded as a curiosity dealer in In November 18 3 7 the writer Frederick Lusl Venice, ‘near the Ponte della Piavola’ in the wrote that ‘In Russell’s curiosity shop in Kin( 1 860s. The collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber Street, Covent Garden, there is a small paintet (18 12 -18 9 5 ) mentioned that Ruggieri was ‘an window of the Crucifixion...the work of an olt industrious Iirtle dealer*, durint? her visir ro Venice m .n t p r ’ R iiccpIL ‘.1 fr.-irlp«msn rprldinn in Kim l6o DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

Street’ was the victim of the theft of 24 sovereigns Russell is also recorded as the buyer of 43 lots at by a servant in August 1838. the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal At the auction of the contents of Strawberry Hill (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a round in 1842. ‘Russell, King Street’ is recorded as the gold enamelled watch, formerly given by George buyer at least 15 lots, including ‘a pair of small II to the wife of Sir RoberT Walpole, from miniatures of Madame de Sevigne and Madame Strawberry Hill’ (lot 3886, £42.0.0.); ‘a gold and de Grignon, in oil, on copper’ (lot 22, 13 * day, enamelled square watch - maker’s name £ 12.12.0 .); ‘an oval red Japan snuffbox, mounted “Jean de Choudens” A.R .’ (lot 3900, £50.0.0) and lined with fine gold’ (lot 106, 1 3 d1 day, and ‘a clock, with silver dial, in a curious oblong £36.15.0.); ‘two antique Eutruscan vases’ (lot 44, case of metal gilt on legs of silver, caryatid i9 A day, £ 3.13.6 .), and ‘a landscape with figures, figures and scrolls of the same round sides, with Jacob travelling from Laban, by Salvator Rosa’ German inscriptions, with flint lock and match (lot 47, 2 1 “ day, £42.0.0.). box’ (lot 39 72, £22.0.0.). Russell also acted [The Architectural Magazine & Journal, vol.V, 1838, p. 330; H. as an agent for Baron Meyer Rothschild Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841).] (18 18 -18 9 0 ) at the Bernal auction in 18 5 5 and the ‘clock, with silver dial’ (lot 3972) was RUSSELL, John subsequently sold from the Rothschild J. Russell is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at collections at the auction sale of the contents of 18 Newcastle Street, London, in 1829 and he is Mentmore, Buckinghamshire sold by Sotheby’s listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1 1 Goodge Street in in May 19 7 7 (lot 1048). the Post Office Directory for 18 3 2 and also had a shop in N ew Coventry Street in the 1840s. RUTTER, Edward The stock of ‘M r Russell’, including ‘ancient Edward Rutter traded as a dealer in Paris and was furniture’ etc was removed from his premises at an agent for the South Kensington Museum, after New Coventry Street and sold at auction in 1848. starting in the same capacity with the At the auction of the contents of Strawberry Hill Government Schools of Design in the 1840s. in 18 4 2 ‘Russell’ (either John Russell or Israel Rutter often bid at auction on behalf of the Russell (q.v.) ) is recorded as the buyer for several museum in the 1860s. Henry Cole (18 0 8 -18 82) lots, including, ‘a magnificent large circular dish, recorded that he purchased an ivory’ comb from a splendid specimen of Limoges enamel...of a very Edward Rutter for £40 in 1869, which Rutter had early period, 1 5 5 7 ’, (lot 80, 13 * day, £ 5 3 .1 is.); acquired at the Soltikoff sale in 18 6 1. ‘Edward ‘an oval red Japan snuff box...presented to Rutter, of Paris’ acted as bidding agent for the Horace Walpole by Francis, Earl of Hertford’, (lot Earl of Dudley at the auction sale of Lord 106, i 3 ,h day, £36.155.) and ‘a pair of extremely Coventry’s collection of Sevres porcelain at fine turquoise blue old Sevres china pot pourri Christie’s on June J 2 A 18 74, purchasing a set of vases and covers’, (lot 67, 2 3rd day, £31.10 5.). three ‘ Rose du Barri Sevres vases’ for £10 ,50 0 on ‘M r J. Russell, New Coventry Street’ was listed as behalf of the Earl. a subscriber to Henry Forster’s Stowe Catalogue The writer George Redford recorded that ‘Rutter, Priced and Annotated (1848). Russell also bought the great Paris dealer’ purchased ‘two Cuyps and at least 61 lots at the auction of the contents of an Ostade’ at the auction sale of the Clewer Stowe in 1848, including china, ‘a jewel, designed Manor collection sold by Christie, Manson & for a benitoire, period of Cellini’ (lot 274, Wood in June 1876. ‘E.Rutter’ is also recorded as £106.1.0.), (illustrated in Henry Forster’s Stowe the buyer of a self-portrait by ‘A. Durer’ (lot 53, Catalogue Priced and Annotated); ‘a pair of solid £388.10.0.) at the auction sale of the contents of ivory round-backed armchairs...presented by Hamilton Palace in 1882. Warren Hastings to Queen Charlotte’ (lot 293, ‘E. Rutter’ was listed amongst the contributors to £44.2.0.); a jewelled ‘figure of a mounted the Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the knight...suspended from a chain’ (lot 4 4 1, South Kensington Museum in 186 2 and Rutter £16.5.6.), (illustrated in Henry Forster’s Stowe also loaned a ‘carved ivory comb, 16 * century’, Catalogue Priced and Annotated); and ‘a a ‘ i2 ,h century portable altar’ and a ‘Limoges beautiful cabinet of marquetrie of the finest old Enamel Portrait of Eleonora of Austria’ to German work’ (lot 114 6 , £246.15.0.), purchased the National Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds on behalf of Baron Meyer Rothschild at the in 1868. auction. [John Charles Robinson, Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition of DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS l6 l

Works of Art...on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (1862); Catalogue of the Satkmal Exhibition of Works of Art at Leeds, (1868), p. 216, p. 1 1 1 ; George Rcdford, Art Sales, (1888), (1 voIl ),toU, p. 193, p. 148; dive Wain wright. “The Making of the South Remington Museum, FV, Relationships with the Trade: TTchband BardinP, Journal of the History of Collections, 14, no.i, (1002), pp. 63-78, p. 68.J

RYMAN, James James Ryman is listed as ‘printseller 8cetc’ at 24 High Street, Oxford in Pigot's Directory, 1839. ‘ Rvman, of Oxford’ bought at least 51 lots at the auction of the contents of Stowe in 1848, including ‘an old Japan basin and cover, and a large old Japan cup’, (lot 2 1, £1.1.0 .); three lots of ‘Raffaelle ware’; ‘a set of three exquisite vases, of Dresden', (lot 10 1, £38.0.0.); ‘a beautiful Italian cabinet, of fine cinque

SABBERTON.J. Society of Friends, autographs and manuscripts, Sabberton is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at papyri, MSS on fine linen of Egypt, Hebrew, 6 Chapel Street, Pentonville, London, in Kelly’s synagogue rolls, collection of miscellaneous Directory, i860. engravings.’ [Thomas F. Dibdin, Tl>r Bibliographical Decameron, (j vols.), (1817), voLI, pebeexv.) SACK ‘Mr Sack’ bought ‘a suit of horse armour’ at the SAMSON sale of the stock of the dealer Thomas Gwenapp Samson is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading at (q.v.) in 18 3 3 , in conjunction with the dealers Via San Filippo, Turin in the 1860s and 1870s. In John Coleman Isaac (q.v.), John Swaby (q.v:) and 1869 the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber John Bentley (q.v.). [John Coleman Isaac, MS i j ^/AJj j , no.181. Hartley Library, (18 12 -18 9 5 ) mentioned that Samson had ‘a very University of Southampton.) fine pair of Battersea enamel candlesticks, large size, of unusual form and in good order, but he SALTER, Charles asks £20 for them, which is absurd!’ Charles Salter is listed at 1 Hanway Street, [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Cljarlotte Scbreiber's Journals, (1911).] London, as ‘foreign china warehouse’ in the Post Office Directory for 1829. He bought a delft SAM SO N , Miss Sarah tureen figure of a turkey from the dealer Abraham Sampson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Davies (q.v.) and also cleaned china and made 9 Hanway Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)', china repairs for Davies in 18 18 . Salter is listed as 1882. ‘China Mender’ at 29 Hanway Street in Pigot’s Directory, 18 32 . SAM U EL 8c BATSFORD, (Matilda Samuel 6c [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJyy, ‘waste book’, no.467. Hartley Library, University of Southampton.) Alice Batsford) Matilda Samuel is recorded as ‘dealer in china SAMS, Joseph and curiosities’ at 289 High Holbom, London, in Joseph Sams (1784-1860) is recorded as a the records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 3 7 . Samuel bookseller from C1815 trading from Darlington. 8c Batsford are listed as ‘curiosity dealers, trading Sams is listed as ‘bookseller and dealer in at 289 High Holbom in Pigot’s Director)’, 1839. antiquities’ in Darlington in the Post Office The Examiner November 23"* 1844 records that the partnership of Alice Batsford and Matilda Directory for 1824. Sams also opened another shop Samuel, ‘Pantheon Bazaar, Oxford Street, dealers in London and is recorded as ‘bookseller, picture in fancy goods’, was dissolved. dealer 8c antiquarian’ at 56 Great Queen Street in the records of the Sun Fire Office SAMUEL, Emma U11836 and is listed as 'curiosity dealer’ at Mrs Emma Samuel is listed as ‘antique china 56 Great Queen Street in the Post Office Directory dealer’ at 70 to 73 High Street, Colchester in for 18 4 1. Kelly’s Director)’, 1874. In 18 17 the Reverend Thomas Frognall Dibdin (1776 -18 47) described Sams as ‘an enterprising, SAMUEL, Rose C. respectable, and successful bookseller, of Rose Samuel is listed as ‘dealer in antiquities’ at Darlington, near Durham’. Sams published a 5 Grays Inn Road, London, in Kelly’s Directory, catalogue of his stock entitled ‘a descriptive 1882. catalogue of a valuable collection of books etc’ in 18 22-26 and sold a large number of books to Sir SAMUELS Mark Masterman-Sykes (17 7 1-18 2 3 ) of Sledmere Samuels is recorded as a dealer in Oxford Street, House, East Yorkshire in 1822. Messrs Puttick and London, in the 1870 s. The collector Lady Simpson sold the ‘very extensive collection of books Charlotte Schreiber ( 1 8 1 2 -1 8 9 5 ) noted that MSS, Papyri, Engravings etc of the late Mr Joseph Samuels was ‘a new dealer’ when she bought Sams, of Great Queen Street and Darlington’ on an eighteenth-century vase from him on November 5* i860 ‘and six following days’. The i8 dl December 1879 . collection included ‘early typography...rare and [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Clrarlotte Schreiber's Journals, curious tracts, a large collection relating to the (1911).] DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS 1 6 3

SAMUELS, Marcus SCHOFIELD, John Marcus Samuels is listed as a ‘dealer in foreign John Schofield is listed as ‘dealer in carvings’ at curiosities’ at 13 Upper East, Smithfield, London, 46 Dean Street, Soho, London, in Pigot’s in Pigot's Director)*, 18 39 , and as ‘curiosity Directory, 18 39 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 45 dealer’ at 13 Upper East, Smithfield in the Dean Street, Soho, in the Post Office Directory directories in 18 4 1 and at the same address in for 18 4 1. Kelly's Director)*, 1843 and 1846. SCHOFIELD, William SAND William Schofield is listed as ‘furniture dealer’ at ‘M r Sand’ was a German curiosity dealer trading 36 Holywell Street, London in Kelly's Director)’, at 19 Broad Street, Golden Square, London. In 1847. Although not strictly listed as an antique 18 33 whilst in Furth in Germany the dealer John and curiosity dealer, Schofield’s trade may have Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded ‘there is a German included some ‘antique’ objects. His shop is dealer [here] of the name of Sand...I have often important in that his is one of only two shops for heard of him buying things on the Rhyne [sic]. which there exists a contemporary image (the other Isaac later records that he ‘beat Mr. Sand to the is that of Reeves S c Son (q.v.), see the watercolour purchase of a carved sideboard’ in Munich in by J.W. Archer, ‘ Old Entrance to Lyon’s Inn, 18 35. In the same year Isaac wrote that Sand has Holywell Street, Strand April 18 4 7’, in Dratvings bought up ‘all the common glass’ that Isaac had o f Buildings in London and the Environs, vol. left in Furth, Germany, concluding ‘but from 10 -4, British Museum - (see figure 1). what I understand he did not find any good ones’. Uohn Coleman Isaac archive, MS139/A/33, no. 16, no.33. H artley Library, University of Southampton.] SCHWAB Schwab was a curiosity dealer in Mainz, SANQUIRICO, Antonio Germany. The author Honore de Balzac (17 9 9 - Antonio Sanquirico was a curiosity dealer in 1850) wrote that he made purchases from Schwab Venice, and according to the publisher John in 1848 and managed to negotiate ‘a whole year’s Murray, Sanquirico had a very fine collection of credit’ for objects purchased from him. antiquities in the 1 840s. The diarist Thomas Raikes [Werner Muensterberper, Collecting, an unruly passion - (1777-18 4 8 ), recorded that he bought an ‘old psychological perspectiies, (1994), pp. 131-3.] Genoese fan, for 25 francs’ at the ‘fine hotel’ of Sanquirico on 12* September 1838. Sanquirico is SCLATER , Alfred recorded as the purchaser of a painting by Veronese Alfred Sclater is listed as ‘curiosity dealer, in 18 3 1. In 18 41 whilst on a buying trip to Venice geologist S c mineralist’ at Back Street, the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) mentioned Teignmouth, Devon in White’s Director)’, 1878. that ‘M r Sanquirico’ was short of money and that he had purchased ‘Rosso Antico Candlesticks and SELIG M AN N , Jacques, Simon S c Arnold a ditto crucifix (he says it belonged to Cardinal Jacques Seligmann (18 5 8 -19 2 3 ) established a Fesch)’ for £ 15 from Sanquirico. shop trading in ‘works of art’ at Rue des [John Coleman Iiaac archive, M S139M /33, no.jfi. Hartley Mathurins, Paris in 1880, moving to 13 Rue Library, Unrvmiry of Southampton; Thomas Raikrs, A Portion o f Lafayette, Paris in the late 1880s. Seligmann the Journal kept by Thomas Raikes Esq from 18 31 to 18 4 7 , opened a shop in Place Vendome in 1900 as (1836). (4 volt.), voLi, p. 308; CLA.Levi, Le collezioni reneziane (Parte e di antichita’ dal secolo xrr ai nostri gionti, (1900), pp. ‘Galerie Seligmann’, where Jacques was joined by 279-81; Attilia Doripato, ‘II collezionismo a Venezia e la nascita his brothers Simon and Arnold. In 1904 the firm detle crriche raccolte’ in Serpio Marinelli (cd.) II Vento e PAustria opened a branch at 7 West 36* Street, New York. \ita cultura artistica rzelle eitta eenete 1814-1866 , (1989).] In 1909 Seligmann bought the Hotel de Sagan in Paris and used the building for the exhibition of SCHMIDT their stock and for entertaining clients. Seligmann ‘M r Schmidt’ is recorded as a French curiosity sold objects to many of the most significant dealer trading in Paris in the middle decades of the collectors in the late 19'*' century, including nineteenth-century. The dealer John Coleman Isaac William Randolph Hearst, Baron Edmond de (q.v.), mentions M r Schmidt as one of three French Rothschild, J.P. Morgan, and Sir Philip Sassoon. dealers busing in Venice in September 18 57 and In 19 12 , following a family quarrel, Jacques and that the)' had ‘purchased a great many things.’ [John Coleman Isaac archive. .MS139MJ33, no.98, Hanley Arnold traded separately; Jacques at Hotel de Library. University of Southampton.] Sagan and also opening a shop at 17 Place 164 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

Vendome, whilst Arnold remained at the original London auction rooms in 1829. Place Vendome shop. The Seligmann family [John Coleman Isaac Archive, M Sijy/AJj], “waste book’, no.467, Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Beard & Christopher continued to trade until 19 78; the extensive G ilb e r t (eds.). Dictionary of English Furniture Maters. Seligmann archive (19 0 4 -19 78 ) remains at the 1 6 6 0 - 18 4 0 , (1986), p. g o t ; Getty Provenance Index Databases. Smithsonian Archives in Washington D.C. www.piweb.getry.edu.] Jacques Seligmann is recorded in the accounts of the dealer Edwin Marriott Hodgkins (q.v.) in SHANKEY, James 18 8 7-8 9 . James Shankey is listed as ‘ tea dealer’ at [Scligmann archive, 1904-1978, Series 1-12, Smithsonian 43 Houndsditch, London, in the Post Office Archives of American Art, Washington D.C. USA; Edwin Marriott Directory for 1826, although by 1829 Shankey is Hodgkins archive, 1601/1.1601/2, Westminster City archives.] listed as ‘curiosity dealer* at the same address in 18 2 9 . James Shankey & Son are listed as SEVESTRE, W.D. ‘curiosity dealers and East Indian china dealers’ in W. D. Sevestre is listed as ‘jeweller’ at 148 New the Post Office Directory for 18 3 2 , and as ‘tea Bond Street in Kent’s London Directory, 18 23. and curiosity dealers’ at 43 Houndsditch in Sevestre is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at Pigot’s Directory', 1839. 2 2 1 Regent Street in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 1829. Sevestre advertised the opening of SH ELLEY (or Shcllatt), Edward his new shop at 148 New Bond Street in February Edward Shelley is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 18 16 ; ‘Sevestre’s Cabinet of Fine Arts - Fine High Street, Marylebone, London, in the Post Carvings in Ivory, Bronzes, exquisitely sculptured Office Directory for 18 32 . ‘Edward Shellatt’ is Crystals, fine Marble Busts, among which is an listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 9 Wardour Street in extraordinary fine one of the Apollo Belvedre, 1836 ; ‘Edward Shelley* is listed as ‘curiosity rare and curious; miniature portraits of illustrious dealer’ at the same address in Pigot’s Directory’, Characters of the Old Schools, by Holbein, 18 4 1. Shelley is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at Hilliard, the Olivers, Cooper, Petitot...eIegant old 9 Wardour Street in Tallis’ London Street Views, French Buhl cabinets, Commodes, Clocks and 1838/1840. other inlaid furniture..’ Mr. Christie sold the ‘very valuable stock of Jewellery, Paintings, SHEPHERD, Richard John Drawings, Sculpture, rare specimens of art and Richard Shepherd is recorded as ‘picture dealer natural and other curiosities of M r Sevestre, and dealer in curiosities’ at 6 Little Cross Street, retiring from business’, on 19'’’ , 22“* and 23"1 Kennington Butts, London, in the records of the April 18 19 . The auction included ‘Dresden, Sun Fire Office in 18 3 5 . Sevres and oriental porcelain, inlaid cabinets, carvings by cinque cento artists, in ivory, wood, SHERLOCK, Peter and more precious materials’. Peter Sherlock is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 64 South Molton Street, London, in Kelly’s SEYFFERT, George Directory, i860. George Seyffert is recorded as ‘cabinetmaker, upholsterer and undertaker’ at 18 Wells Street, SICHEL, Philippe Oxford Street, London, in the Post Office Directory Philippe Sichel (1840 -1899 ) was a well-known for 18 2 7 and 1829. Seyffert is listed as ‘upholsterer art dealer trading in art and antiques in Paris in and picture dealer’ at 77 Wardour Street in Kelly’s the 1870 s and 1880s. Sichel had business Directory, 1844 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at the same relations with the dealer Murray Marks (q.v:). ‘A. Sichel’ is recorded as the buyer of ‘a Ewer and address in 1845 a°d 1849. George Seyffert is listed cover, of pale green jade’ (loti 59, £18.18.0 ) at the as ‘general dealer’ at 7 7 Wardour Street in the Post auction of the contents of Hamilton Palace in Office Directory for 1852. 1882. Sichel undertook a trip to Japan in the The dealer John Coleman Isaac [q.v.) loaned the 18 74 to purchase all kinds of Japanese artefacts. collector Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) 5 guineas to He published an account of his trip in 1883 pay for an ‘old jacket’ that Bernal had bought (limited to 340 copies). The dealer Edwin from M r Seyffert December in 1844. Isaac also Marriott Hodgkins [q.v.) sold ‘Sichel, Paris’ some purchased ‘four mosaic birds’ from ‘M r Seyffert’ ‘Sevres porcelain and a Buhl clock’ in 1889. in January 18 45. 'Seyffert’ is also recorded as the [Edwin Marriott Hodkins archive, 1601/1, 1601/2, Westminster buyer of two paintings by ‘Holbein’ at the City archives; Philippe Sichel, Notes d'un bibeloteur au Japan par DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 1 65

M. FHIrppe Sickel, (i8 8jh L A . Randall (ed.), The Diary of for 18 4 1. ‘William Mountjoy Smith, Strand, G eorg e A. Lucas: An American art agent in Paris 1857-1909, upholsterer and picture dealer’ was declared (19791-1 bankrupt in September 1844.

5IMMONS, Joshua SOLOMON, Abraham Joshua Simmons is Iisred as a ‘curiosity dealer' at Abraham Solomon is recorded as ‘furniture 52 Great Queen Street, London, in Kelly’s broker’ at 23 Little Queen Street, London, by Directory, i860. The census returns for 18 6 1 18 39 and is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ at record Joshua Simmons resident at 52 Great 59 Great Queen Street in the Post Office Queen Street, an ‘ Old Chair seller’, aged 42, bom Directory for 1850 and as ‘furniture dealer’ at at Aldgate, Middlesex together with his wife, 3 and 59 Great Queen Street in Kelly’s Director)’, Esther, aged 47, bom Aldgate and six children. 18 52. ‘A. Solomon’ is recorded as the buyer of one lor at the auction sale of the contents of 5LAES Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2; ‘a pair of silver decanter Slaes is recorded by the collector Lady Charlotte stands’ (lot 136 , 1 1 * day, £0.5.0.). A number of Schreiber ( 18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a curiosity dealer trading pieces of late iS * and early 19* century furniture in Liege in the 1 870s. Lady Schreiber purchased ‘a stamped ‘A. SO LO M O N 59 G T QUEEN S T are stoneware jug with the Arms of Queen Elizabeth I known to exist. and dated 159 4’ from Slaes in 1876. [H. Bum, Aedes Strawberriarue, (1841); Christopher Gilbert, ‘A. Slaes’ is recorded as the buyer of one lot at the Pictorial Dictionary o f Marked London Furniture 1700-1840, auction sale o f the collection of Andrew (1996). P-jo-l Fountaine at Christie’s in June 1884; ‘a very Large Nevers Dish’ (lot 408 £346.10.0.). SOLOMON, Moses [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, Moses Solomon is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at ( 1 9 1 1 ) .] 8 Ordnance Row, Portsea, Hants in Pigot’s Directory, 1844 and is also listed as ‘curiosity 5LO M AN , Samuel dealer’ at 14 Pier Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight in Samuel Sloman is listed as ‘cabinet maker’ at Pigot’s Director)’, 1844. Frances Solomon is listed 45 Wardour Street, London, in Pigot’s Director)’, as 10 Pier Street in Slater’s Director)’, 1852. 1839. Sloman is listed as ‘ furniture broker’ at 45 Wardour Street in the Post Office Directory SOLOMON, Myer for 1844. Myer Solomon is listed as ‘picture dealer’ at 119 Pall Mall, London, in Kent’s Director)’, 1825 5LOPER, Charles and at the same address in Robson’s Director)’, Charles Sloper is listed as ‘antique furniture 1830. Myer Solomon may be the ‘Mr. M. Solomon, dealer’ at 30 George Street, London, in Kelly’s picture and curiosity-collector’ whose ‘Stock of Director)-, 1870. The census returns for 18 6 1 Carvings, Ivory, Bronzes, Porcelain, Cabinet record Charles Sloper resident at 35 George Pictures, Shells etc’ was sold by M r Charles Davis at Sneer, a ‘general ornamental carver and moulder’, 129 Pall Mall on 3 1 “ May 18 17 because he was aged 43. ‘going into another line of business.’

SMITH, Alfred SO LO M O N , Ralph Alfred Smith is listed as ‘upholsterer, cabinet­ Ralph Solomon is listed as ‘antique furniture maker and dealer in antique furniture and oil dealer’ at 32 Baker Street, London, in Kelly’s paintings’ at 15 Friar’s Street, Sutton, Suffolk, in Director)*, 186 5. Kelly’s Director)’, 1869. SO LO M O N , Samuel Ellis 5MITH, Joseph Samuel Solomon is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ in Joseph Smith is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Union Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight in Pigot’s 5 Greabv Place, Clifton, Bristol, in Pigot’s Director)’, 1844. Directory, 1842. SO LO M O N , Samuel, Simeon and Lewis SMITH, William Mountjov Solomon Lewis & Co was a partnership between William Smith is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Samuel Solomon and his sons Simeon Solomon jit Strand. London, in the Post Office Directory and Kensincton Lewis (a.v.). Solomon was a silver 166 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

dealer trading at 2 New Street, Covent Garden, from Soujet in November 18 72. London, by 1802. The Sun Fire Office records [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Sehreiber's Journals, Samuel, Simeon and Lewis Solomon at 2 New (19 11), vol.i, p. 17 1.J Street, Covent Garden between 18 19 and 18 15 . SOUTHALL The partnership of ‘S.Solomon, K. Lewis & S.K. ‘M r Southall’ traded as ‘armourer’ at 8 Kennedy Solomon of New Street, Covent Garden, Court, Crop Lane, Newton Street, Holbom, Silversmiths’ was dissolved in December 1 8 1 1 London, in the opening decades o f the (Morning Chronicle 17 * December 18 2 1). 19 * century. Southall cleaned and repaired ancient Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold Solomon Lewis & Co armour for the dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) a silver gilt chalice in 18 18 and some other silver from 18 18 and also later for the dealer John in 18 19 . The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) Coleman Isaac (q.v.). Isaac also used a man called sold ‘Harry Solomon’ some silver in 18 2 7 and M r Levington for armour cleaning in 18 3 1 as well also bought some silver candlesticks from ‘M r as continuing to use M r Southall. Solomon of the Strand’, in 18 3 2 . ‘Harry’ may be a relation or Samuel or perhaps another name by [John Coleman Isaac archive, M StjpfAJs}, ‘ waste book’, no.467, which he was known. Hanley Library, University of Southampton.) Solomon is named as the purchaser of 8 lots of SPANIER, Magnus silver at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Magnus Spanier is listed as ‘antique furniture Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘an dealer’ at 19 Park Street, Camden Town, London, oval epergne’ (lot 40 32, £35.7.6.) and ‘a teapot, in Kelly’s Director)’, 1882. richly embossed with fruit and foliage’ (lot 4060, £12.10.9.). SPEYER (or Spyer), Aaron Joseph [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJj}, ‘waste book’, no.467. Joseph Spyer is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ and as Hartley Library, University of Southampton; John Culme, ‘Kensington Lewis, a nineteenth-century businessman'. ‘importer of antiquities’ at 27 Great Prescot Connoisseur, vol.190, September 1975, p. 16-41.] Street, London, in Kelly’s Director)’, i860 and 18 6 1. Aaron Speyer & Son are listed as ‘antique SO LO M O N, Samuel furniture dealers’ at 8 Magdalen Row in Kelly’s Samuel Solomon is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Directory, 1870 . There is also a Speyer trading at 108 Back Church Lane, London, in Kelly’s St. Anthony Breestraat, Amsterdam; the collector Directory, 1882. Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought ‘two groups of Chelsea-Derby figures’ from SO LO M O N , Solomon ‘Speyer’ in August 1869. Solomon Solomon is listed as ‘dealer in shells and There was a ‘Joseph & Solomon Spyer’ listed as curiosities’ at 27 Bernard Street, Southampton in ‘jewellers’ at 26 Prescot Street in Holden’s Pigot’s Directory, 1844. Director)’, 1799, who may be related to the SOLOMON, Zimlor I9'1' century dealer. Solomon is listed as ‘picture and curiosity dealer’ [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Sehreiber's Journals, (1911), vol.i, p. 33.] at 15 Duke Street, Manchester Square, London, in Robson’s Directory, 18 4 3, and as ‘picture dealer’ SPITZER, Frederic at the same address in 1846 and 18 52 . Solomon Frederic Spitzer (18 15 -18 9 0 ) was a dealer and continues to be listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 15 collector active in the second half of the Duke Street, Manchester Square in Kelly’s nineteenth century, he later retired as one of the Directory, i860. most important collectors of medieval and Renaissance art in Europe. Reports suggest that SONDIER Spitzer was either bom in Vienna or at Presburg, The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded that Hungary in 18 15 . He died in Paris on 23"* April Sondier was a curiosity dealer with a shop at Rue 1890. Spitzer moved from Vienna to Paris in Masquire, Marsielles in 1868. 18 5 2 , opening the Musee des Arts Industriels [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Brie-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), p. 41.] (later called the ‘Musee Spitzer’ ) at 33 Rue Villejust, which was also his private mansion. SOUJET Spitzer established his firm, ‘Spitzer, Kunst-und- Soujet is recorded as a curiosity dealer in Antiquitaten-Handlung’, in Ursulinerstrasse in Amsterdam. The collector Lady Charlotte Aachen in 18 5 5 and at the time probably Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought Chelsea porcelain established a business relationship with the DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 167

master goldsmith Reinhold Vasters (18 27-19 0 9 ). deliverance of Dole and Salins 14 7 7 ’ . Spitzer was Spitzer is believed to have sold several made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1878 ‘Renaissance’ objects that had been made by and Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1889. Vasters, as well as employing other individuals to It was Spitzer’s wish that his collection should be make ‘fake’ ancient objects, including some arms sold intact after his death. The price asked by the and armour made by Emst Schmidr of Munich. executors was 18 million French francs (later In August 18 5 7 the dealer John Coleman Isaac reduced to 15 million French francs) or about (q.v.:) wrote of a collection of curiosities that a £500,000, but Spitzer also decreed should the dealer had for sale in Baden in Germany, ‘M r collection remain unsold after three years it Spitzer offered £ 3 2 ’ but the dealer refused to sell should be sold at auction. The Spitzer collection them for that price. was duly sold by auction at his mansion at 33 Rue Baron Ferdinand Rothschild (1839-1898) Villejust in Paris commencing on 17 * April 1893 recalled that Spitzer was the leader of a group of and concluding i6 A June 18 9 3. The sale dealers, he called ‘la bande noir’, attempting to buy comprised 3,369 lots of ‘art treasures and rare the collection of Princess Galitzin, in St Petersburg curiosities of antiquity, the middle ages and the in 1867. In 1897 Rothschild wrote a memoir of his Renaissance Period’ and was undertaken by the own collecting activities, writing that Spitzer was ‘a auctioneer Paul Chevallier; the ‘expert’ for the native of Cologne and of very humble birth, he auction was the dealer Charles Mannheim (q.v.). settled in Paris, became a dealer in works of an and At the Spitzer auction in 1893 it was reported that rose from the lowest to the highest rung of the The National Gallery purchased at least nvo social ladder. Rothschild continued, ‘...to say that paintings (lot 13 3 5 , Caracalla; lot 139 2, Sigismund he was unscrupulous would be using a mild term, Pandolfe Maladestra). The Kelvingrove Museum, though he was straight enough when it served his Glasgow also purchased a number of specimens of purpose...out of one fine old work of art he pottery and glass at the Spitzer auction, and manufactured two or three, and that he was able to Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery also made a fasten them on credulous amateurs by laying great number of purchases, including ‘a benitier (holy stress on what was genuine in them, and ignoring water carrier) £84.i 6s; ‘a pair of French Gothic what was not.’ candlesticks £80’; ‘a boxwood group of the Virgin Spitzer was active at the sale of Lord 6 Child £29’; ‘a coffret £ 4 1.18 5’; and ‘a money Londesborough’s Collection of Armour and Arms, box, stamped with leather £ 33’ . sold at Christie’s in July 1888, purchasing, ‘a pair [John Coleman Isaac archive, MStjy/AJyj, no.90, Hartley of page’s steel gauntlets’ (£99.155); a shield of Library, University of Southampton; Spitzer Collection antiquite, Moyen-Age, Rertaissxnce,(6 volumes), (1890); Edmond Bonnaffe, circular form’ (£46.10$), and ‘a Mentonniere, Le Musee Spitzer, (1890); ‘Le catalogue de la Collection Spitzer’, engraved with figures and ornaments’ (£651). Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 3 (1890); Collection Spitzer, Catalogue Spitzer published a large catalogue of his collection des Ojects d'Art et de Haute Curiosite, (1893); Gerald Reitlinget; compiled by many important scholars of the period The Economics of Taste, tolume II, (1963), passim; Clive Wainwright, and his collection was well publicised in the French The Romantic Interior, the British Collector at Home tyyo-tSyo, (1989), p. 256, p. 266; Hugh Tait ‘Reinhold Vasters: press. Spitzer bought most of the Sir Samuel Rush Goldsmith, Restorer and Prolific Faker', in Mark Jones (ed), VC/ty Meyrick (178 3-18 4 8 ) armoury in 18 71 and sold Fakes Matter, essays on the problem of authenticity, (1992), pp. much of it to Sir Richard Wallace (1818-1890 ), 116 -33, p. 117 ; Rosalind Lowe, Sir Samuel Meyrick and Goodrich which now forms part of the Wallace Collection at Court, (2003), p. 231-2; Elizabeth Emery fie Laura Morowitz, ‘From the living room to the museum and back again, the Manchester House in London. collection and display of medieval an in the fin de siecle'. Journal Spitzer loaned objects to the Special Loan of the History of Collections, vol.16, no.2, 2004, pp. 285-309, p. Exhibition of Needlework at the South Kensington 298; Michael Hall, ‘Bric-a-Brac, a Rothschild's memoir of Museum in 18 73, including a cover for a cloister collecting’, Apollo, July fie August 2007, pp. jo-77, p. 59-60.] desk, French 14* century. He also loaned objects to an exhibition of Iberian Art and the South SPRAT 1, Charles Kensington Museum in 18 8 1, including ‘the steel Charles Spratt is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at mace, damascened with gold, made for Henri II by 10 Arabella Row’, Pimlico, London, in Kelly's Diego Gaias, the Spanish armourer.’ It was also Directory, i860. recorded in the Manchester Times (May 15* 1875) that Spitzer gave the museum at the manufactory SPYER, Myer Aaron of the Gobelins, which was attacked and burned Myer Spyer is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at during the Paris Commune in 18 7 1, a ‘fine tapestry 7 Magdalen Row’, London, in Kelly's Directory, of the end of the 15* century, representing the i860. l68 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE SC CURIOSITY DEALERS

STANLEY, George the contents of Hamilton Palace in 18 8 2 , George Stanley is recorded as an auctioneer, listed including ‘a portrait of Philip IV of Spain, by Van at 2 1 Old Bond Street, London, in Tallis' London Dyck’ (lot 22, £598.10.0.); ‘a pair of Chinese Street Views, 1838/1840 . The census returns for vases and covers’ (lot 120 , £966.0.0.) and ‘a 18 4 1 record George Stanley, ‘auctioneer’ aged 50, Louis X IV commode, by Riesener’ (lot 302, at 2 1 Old Bond Street. Stanley’s auction rooms £4,305.0.0.). Stettinger is recorded as the buyer of were established by at least 18 18 when the dealer at least 7 lots at the auction sale of 18* century Abraham Davies (q.v.) used Stanley’s auction watercolours from the collection of the Goncourt room to sell armour and curiosities. brothers at Hotel Drouot in February 1897, Stanley was in possession of the ‘Cellini Vase’ and including ‘La Toilette, by Porrail’ (lot 24 2, eventually sold it, after having it for over a year, i,35off) and ‘Riborte de grenadiers, by Watteau’ to the dealer E.H. Baldock (q.v.). In 18 19 Baldock (lot 355 , 79off). Stettinger also purchased ‘an sold it onto the collector William Beckford oviform two-handled vase, of rock crystal, the (176 0 -1844). Stanley was called as an expert body engraved with flowers’ at the sale of the witness to the 18 3 6 Parliamentary Select collection of the dealer Stefano Bardini (q.v.) in Committee into Arts and Design. June 1899. [John Coleman Isaac archive, MSrjy/AJyj, ‘waste book’, no.467, The art dealer Rene Gimpel briefly mentions Hartley Library, University of Southampton; Bet Madeod, ‘Oscar Stettinger, the curiosity dealer’ in his diary 'William Beckford, a Celebrated Collector’, in Derek Ostergard in entries dated November 19 19 and January (ed.), William Beckford, 1760-1844, an eye for the magnificent, (1001), pp. 1JS - 17 J. P- i66.[ 1920; Oscar may have been the son of Henri. [Edwin Marriorr Hodgkins archive, 1601/1, 1601/1, Westminster City archives; Rene Gimpel, Diary of an Art Dealer, translated by STEAD, Thomas John Rosenberg, (1966), p. 114 , p. 159.) Thomas Stead is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1 Back Hill, Leather Lane, London, in Pigot’s STEW ART, Charles Directory, 1839. Charles Stewart is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 227 Bute Street, Cardiff in Kelly’s Director}’, STERN 18 7 1. Stern is recorded as a female curiosity dealer in Wex Strasse, Hamburg, Germany. The collector STOCKLEY Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) recorded Stockley is listed as dealer trading from Holywell that she bought ‘a bonbonniere, formed of a male Street, London, in 18 3 2 . The dealer John head, and of the finest Chelsea’ for ‘a moderate Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded that he bought sum’ from Stem in October 1880. some ‘carved doors and etc’ from ‘M r Stockley of [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals Holywell Street’ in 18 32. (19 11), vol.i, p. 306.] [John Coleman Isaac archive, MStjy/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no-167, Hanley library. University of Southampton.] STETT1N G ER , Henri 8c Oscar Stettinger is recorded as a curiosity dealer trading ST R E ET 8c SON, Francis from Paris in the late I9'*1 and early 20A centuries. Francis Street is listed as ‘auctioneer and appraiser’, John Charles Robinson of the South Kensington Brewer Street, London, in the Post Office Directory Museum, mentioned the presence of ‘the dealer for 1822. Francis Street is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ Stettinger’ at the auction sale of the Collection of at 21 Brewer Street in 1826 and 1829. F. Street 8c Sir Andrew Fountaine at Christie’s in 1884; Son are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at the same ‘H. Stettinger’ is recorded as the buyer of 10 lots address in 18 33 and 18 4 1. Street 8c Son are listed at the auction including a maiolica ‘Shell, with as ‘importers of ancient furniture’ at 21 Brewer masked mouth, in Urbina ware’ (lot 2 1 7 Street, Golden Square in Pigot’s Director}’, 18 32 . £11.11.0.); ‘a Castel Durante Oval Cistern, date In 18 39 Street 8c Son are recorded in Brewer 1 5 5 3 ’ (lot 389 £336.0.0.) and ‘a pair of large Street, Golden Square, selling ‘old oak carvings’. Ewers, of very fine form of Nevers ware’ (lot 409, Henry Street is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at £462.0.0.). 2 i Brewer Street in Kelly’s Director}’, i860. The dealer Edwin Marriott Hodgkins (q.v.) sold In 18 42 the architect William Bum (178 9 -18 70 ) ‘a tourquoise Sevres plate, £6.0.0.’ to ‘Henri recommended Street 8c Son for the purchase of Stettinger, Paris’ in July 18 8 7 and ‘H.Stettinger’ is ‘old oak carvings’ to his client Onesiphorous recorded as the buyer of 7 lots at the auction of Tyndall Bruce, of Falkland House in Fife. Francis DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS 169

Street supplied material (possibly ancient carved SWAB Y, John woodwork) to Lord Brougham at Brougham Hall John Swaby (1178 2-18 59 ) was trading from at in the early 1830s; a bill of 18 33 from Francis least 18 16 , and is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at Street exists in the Brougham papers. The annual 109 Wardour Street, London, from 1 8 17 to 1834. report for the Department of Science and Art in Before 18 19 the Royal archives record that John 1854 records several purchases for the South Swaby had been employed by the Crown, ‘under Kensington Museum from ‘Street & Son’ Bantings to value the china and glass of ever)’ including ‘a pair of ancient bronze snuffers’ (15 description’. The New Complete Guide to...... the shillings) and ‘a 17 * century German or Flemish City of London (178 3) lists a ‘Samuel Swabey, enamelled earthenware chimneypiece* (£10). Esq.’ (sic] as ‘potter’, located in Vauxhall, (Samuel (Brougham Pjpcrv, C B o i o j , miscellaneous bundle ‘William must have been a Justice of the Peace or held some Brougham, financial'. University College London; Kim Woods, other office entitling him to the title ‘esquire’ ), ■ Some SiMeenth-cenrury Antwerp Carved Wooden Altar-pieces in and it is possible that Samuel was the father or England*. The Burlington Magazine, vol.141, no. 115 1 , March some other relative of John Swaby, given that 1999, pp. 144-55, P- 15 1; Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior,; the British Collector at Home 2750-1850, (1989), p. 6o.J John was employed as some kind of expert in ceramics and glass in the 1810s. STROOBANT Swaby appears to have retired from business in Stroobant is recorded as a curiosity dealer at 18 33 and the dealer Edward Hull (q.v.) took over Boulevard d’Anvers, Brussels in the 1870s. The Swaby’s shop at 109 Wardour Street in 1834. collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) Messrs Oxenham and Son sold the ‘extensive stock bought ‘a very fine Chelsea figure of Justice’ for of Ancient Furniture, Carvings and etc of Mr Swaby £ 12.10 .0 . from Stroobant in March 1874. of Wardour Street, retiring from business’ at their IMontague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, rooms at 353 Oxford Street on 1 1* - 14* April (19 11), vol.t, p. 248.) 18 33. The sale included, ‘an extensive collection of oak carvings, a magnificent Gothic Screen of large STUBBS, Richard M dimensions, ratted high back chairs and couches, an Richard Stubbs is listed as ’dealer in antiques’ at assemblage of French, Dutch and English decorative Old Malton Gate, Mahon, Yorkshire in Kelly’s fumiture...a rare Elizabethan armoire...a few Directory, 1879. specimens of Dresden and Chelsea porcelain...delft and raffaelle ware...a quantity of scarce old English STU CK BU RY (or Stutchbury), Henry and Samuel armour...and an infinity or articles of rarity Henry Stuckbury is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at connected with the Fine Arts.’ The remaining n o Fetter Lane, London, in the Post Office Stock of Mr Swaby...the premises being disposed Directory for 1824. Henry Stutchbury is recorded o f, was also undertaken by Oxenhams on March as ‘dealer in natural and artificial curiosities’ at 3 5* & 6* 1834, including ‘ancient furniture, oak Dove Court, Old Jewry in the records of the Sun carvings, coffers, ancient armour, old Japan lacquer, Fire Office in 1828. SI & Hy Stuchbury, [sic] a noble tazza of Verona marble nearly 3 ft high, ‘curiosity dealers’ are listed at 4 7 Theobalds Road lately brought from Venice, and a rare tessalated in Pigot’s Directory, 18 32 . Henry Stutchbury is mosaic pavement i 3 ’9” x 3 ’3 ” .’ listed at 6 1 Great Russell Street in Kelly’s Swaby is regularly recorded as buyer and seller of Directory, 1847. Stutchbury is recorded by the paintings at various London auction rooms writer G.A. Mantell as having ‘specimens of during the period 18 10 -18 4 0 . The portrait British fossils at moderate prices’ in 1847. painter Abraham Wivell recorded in 18 2 7 that [G-A. Minted, Geological Excursions round the Isle o f VCight, ‘M r Swaby, of Wardour Street’ sold a portrait of (1847), p .401.1 William Shakespeare to J.W.Croker M.P. and in SULLEY, Joseph Illustrations o f G.P. Harding’s Manuscript Joseph Sulley is listed as ‘curiosity dealer and History- o f The Prince o f Wales (1828), portrait bookseller’ at 4 Poultry, Nottingham in Kelly’s no.105, ‘Portrait of Edward, only son of King Directory, 1876. Henry VIII’ was ‘copied from a picture in the hands of M r Swaby, of Wardour Street’. ‘Mr SUM M ERS, Richard Swabey’ [sic] is also listed as a subscriber to John Richard Summers is listed as ‘dealer in paintings, Smith’s A Catalogue Raisonne o f the Works o f the old china, curiosities and natural history’ at 24 Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish & French Painters Old Cavendish Street, London, in the Post Office (1833). An auction sale of paintings belonging to Directory for 1808. Swaby, mainly portraits, including at least twelve 170 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

portraits by or after Hans Holbein and three ‘J. Swabey’ [sic] supplied a number of antiques portraits by Sir Peter Lely, took place at Wheatley’s and curiosities to the collector Roland Jones of rooms on 3 1 “ March and i “ April 1829. Broomhall, Caernarvonshire between 1829 and The dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) sold objects to 1 8 3 1 , including *a French marquctcrie table, £ 5 5 ', Swaby from at least 18 16 , when he paid a ivories, a ‘XVth century Murano vase’ and ‘a set commission of £ 1.13 .6 . via M r Nathan (q.v.) for of ancient enamels representing the life of Christ, Swaby and later the dealer John Coleman Isaac £ 1 8 ’. George Weare Braikenridge (17 7 5 -18 5 6 ), (q.v.) bought from him and sold to him as late as the Bristol antiquarian, recorded that Swaby sent 18 38 . Like many dealers in the period, Swaby him a ‘receipt for darkening new oak to look like made frequent buying trips to the Continent, and old.’ Swaby is also mentioned in a letter written seems to have frequently disposed of his by the artist Thomas Duncan (18 0 7-18 4 5) to the importations at auction sales in London. For fellow artist Daniel MacNee (180 6 -1882) dated example, John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) recorded that 28* August 1 8 3 1 ; ‘The place to find these things is he bought ‘very common shell cameos from Wardour Street where there are a number of shops Swaby’s sale’ in 18 2 7. Isaac also records that that deal in antiquities etc and in particular one Swaby bought a pair of candlesticks from Lee Swalia or Swaley whom Allen [Sir William Allen Priory sale in conjunction with Horatio Rodd RSA 17 8 2 -18 50 ] knows and has got things from.’ (q.v.) in 18 34. In 18 2 2 Swaby bought four of the ebony chairs Swaby appears to have supplied curiosities to from the auction sale at Wanstead (£16.0.0 each) many of the most significant collectors of the and also bought some stained glass, originally period, including Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick from the Chateau d’Couen, at the Fonthill auction (17 8 3-18 4 8 ) and Sir Walter Scott ( 17 7 1-1 8 3 2 ). . sale in 18 23. Swaby is recorded as the buyer of at By at least 1 8 1 5 Swaby must have had a good least ten lots at the auction of the contents of relationship with Sir Samuel Meyrick because in Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘two old Japan that year he gave Meyrick’s son, Llewellyn, ‘a dishes of various colours’ (lot 4, 1 4 ’’“ day, pedestal for a crucifix in ivory’ for his £3.15.0.); ‘a small and very fine specimen of Old ‘Meyrickian Museum’ when Llewellyn was aged Faenza ware, by Bernard Palizzi’ (lot 119 , 16 * just eleven. Archibald Constable (Walter Scott’s day, £2.10.0.); ‘a magnificent steel shield of the publisher) bought two Venetian armchairs and finest Cinque Cento work’ (lot 78, 19 * day, other items from Swaby in 18 2 2 from his £42.0.0.); some ‘fine old stained glass’ depicting Wardour Street address and gave the objects to Sir ‘a pair of angels and coats of arms, 16 5 2 ’ (lot 19, Walter Scott. The chairs were from a set of ten 24* day, £13.0.0.) and ‘four extremely beautiful that supposedly came from the Borghese Palace; old Faenza cups, painted with landscapes and six were sold by Swaby to the Duke of figures’ (lot 39, i 2 dl day, £7.17.6.). Rutland, two to Sir Walter Scott, two to In 18 4 2 Swaby also bought ‘a view of Scheveling, Newstead Abbey. Swaby also may have supplied by Van der Velde, formerly in the collection altar rails and an altar for Otterbume Church to of Dr Mead’ (£199.10$) at the auction sale at the collector Charles Scarisbrick (18 0 1-18 6 0 ) in Shugborough Hall. At the Stowe auction sale in the 1830s. He also probably supplied articles to 1848, ‘J. Swaby Esq., of Muswell Hill’ bought Henry Cockayne Cust, son of Lord Brownlow of only 5 lots, including ‘a noble slab of oriental Belton House in the 1820s. Swaby is also known alabaster, supported by terminal figures with to have supplied ‘several pieces of old carved festoons, and an eagle to the front’ (lot 565, wood’ to the value of £8.8.0. in May 18 2 1 to £ 17.17.0 .); ‘a pair of beautiful jars, of oriental Charles Winn (17 9 5 -18 7 4 ) of Nostell Priory in enamel’ (lot 2530 , £21.0.0.) and ‘a coffer, of Yorkshire. It is possible that these pieces of carved ebony, with six slabs of the finest Florentine wood were used in the refurbishment of Wragby mosaics...’(Iot 1260, £ 22.11.6 ). Swaby is also Church, Yorkshire, which was repaired and recorded as a buyer of at least 9 lots at the auction refurbished by Charles Winn between 18 2 5 and sale of the collection of Ralph Bemal (178 3-18 54 ) 18 35 or possibly they were incorporated into two in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a pair of brass ‘ancient oak sofas’ which remain at Nostell Prior}’ candlesticks, with beautiful arabesques, and lines (figures 26 & 27). Wragby contains a fine pulpit of white metal’ (lot 1254 , £26.0.0.); ‘a gorget, containing boxwood panels carved in Venice in beautifully embossed with trophies and birds in the I6,,, century and a particularly fine reredos of silver’ (lot 2250, £7.15.0.) and ‘a pair of narrow Flemish origin which made have been gathered by stained glass windows, each with five coats of arms Swaby on one of his Continental buying trips. of the house of Croye’ (lot 2266, £26.0.0.). DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 171

An ancient table belonging to Swaby was Manuscript History o f the Prince o f Wales (1828), p. 23; W. Harry Rogers, ‘Italian Fictile Wares of the Renaissance’, Art Journal, illustrated in Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick and Henry March 1849, p. 82; Catalogue of Specimens of Cabinet Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient Furniture (1836), W ork...exhibitedat Core House, Kensington, (1853); C. Thurston (plate XIX) (figure 19). The table illustrated in Thompson, Photographs o f Furniture exhibited at Core House, Specimens was sold at the auction sale of the (1833); Alfred Jones, ‘A Collector of Works of Art in Wales a Century Ago’, A p o llo , vol. XXXVII, no.217, February 1943, pp. collection of John Swaby after his death in i860 by 43-44; Give Wainwright, ‘Myth and Reality, Sir Walter Scott and Phillips the auctioneer and was acquired by the 2nd his Collection V, Country Life 16th September 1982, pp. 804-6: Lord De L’Isle and Dudley at the sale and is Archer, Michael, ‘Monmorency’s Sword from couen’, Tht presently at Penshurst Place (figure 30). Burlington Magazine vol. 129, no.toto. May 1987, pp. 298-303 Swaby loaned articles to the Gore House p. 303; Clive Wainwright, 7 Ire Romantic Interior, the Britisl Collector at Home 1730-1830 (1989), pp. 44-5, & passim exhibition in 18 5 3 , including the table Charles Tracy, Continental Church Furniture, a traffic in piety illustrated in Specimens (figure 31) and another (2001), p. 76; Rosalind Lowe, Sir Samuel Meyrick and Goodricl: table, ‘ Carved Oak, Italian, a 600’ (both C ou rt, (2003), p. 64; Sophie Raikes, ‘A cultivated eye for the photographed by C. Thurston Thompson in antique; Charles Winn and the enrichment of Nostell Priory in th( nineteenth, A Pioneer Antique Dealer i — „ ( x t—„ -r r r r . . . #„ r t - •, New York*. Furniture History. volume 1 0 . -nrvi nn ic i—66 I TAILOR, Francis TERRY, Edward Francis Tailor is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Edward Terry is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 6 Charlotte Street, Rathbone Place, London, in 62 Clarence Street, Regent’s Park, London, in the Post Office Directory for 18 26 and 1836 . Pigot’s Director)', 1839.

T A R G E T !', Thomas Greenslade TER R Y, E Thomas Targett is listed as ‘old china 8c picture The archive of Charles Winn (17 9 5 -18 7 4 ), of dealer’ at Blue Boar Row, Salisbury in Kelly's Nostell Priory near Wakefield, records the Directory 186 7. Targett is recorded as a dealer in payment of £15.0.0. in March 18 34 , to ‘ETerry High Street, Salisbury when Lady Charlotte of Thornes, for some Antique oak furniture’; and Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought a piece of Bow a written receipt for the transaction from E Terr)* porcelain, ‘a clumsy blue and white jug, handle terminating in a heart’ for 3 shillings from him in also exists in the archives; ‘ Rec’d from Mr Winn September 1869. for sundry pieces of antique oak furniture, the |Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journal, sum of fifteen pounds, 1 1 * March 18 34 .’ These (19 11), vol.i, p. 36.) pieces of oak furniture may correspond to some of the examples of old oak cupboards and other TATE, William King pieces that remain in the sub hall at Nostell Prior)' William Tate is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ (figures 2 1-2 5 ). There does not appear to be an at 4 Ryders Court, Cranboum Street, London, in E. Terry listed in the trade directories for Thornes, the records of the Sun Fire Office in 1829. West Yorkshire, although a William Terr)*, ‘carver William King Tate is recorded at 49 Leicester gilder’, is listed at Kirkgate, Wakefield in trade Square in 1830. 8c directories in 18 30 and at Pincheon Street, TAYLOR, Thomas Wakefield in 18 34. [Winn Archive, XrYLi}sz/Ai/8fz6/tz, West Yorkshire Archive.] Thomas Taylor is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 7 Queen Street, Hammersmith, London, in the Post Office Directory for 18 55. TESSY M A N , Charles Charles Tessyman was primarily a bookbinder TAYLO R 8c SON but it is recorded that he also traded in curiosities Taylor 8c Son are listed as ‘printers 8c publishers, during the second half of the nineteenth-century. second-hand book dealers, stationers, dealers in His shop in Portsmouth Street, Lincoln’s Inn old china and antiquities’ at 22 Gold Street, was supposedly the model for Charles Dickens’ Northampton, in Harrod's Directory, 1876 . ‘Old Curiosity Shop’ (figure 42). The premises at 13 8c 14 Portsmouth Street, London were later TERRY, Edmund illustrated in etchings and from the beginning of Edmund Terry is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at the twentieth-century were often depicted in 12 2 Wardour Street, London, in the Post Office postcards. The shop still exists and remains a Directory for 18 39 and ‘ancient furniture tourist attraction, at present it is occupied by a warehouse’ at the same address in Tallis’ London Japanese designer shoe shop. Tessyman does not Street Views, 18 38 /18 4 0 . Terry is listed as appear to be listed as a curiosity dealer in the ‘curiosity dealer’ at 15 Wardour Street in 18 4 1 trade directories in the mid nineteenth-century and as ‘ancient furniture dealer’ at 15 Wardour and the census returns for 18 6 1 list Charles Street in Thompson’s London Directory, 1844 Tessyman aged 59 a ‘book binder’, together with and in Kelly’s Directory, 1846. Terry is listed at the same address in 18 70 and Edmund Terry is his wife Caroline aged 59 and their six children at listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 16 2 Wardour 4 & 5 Portsmouth Street (rather than 13 Sc 14 Street in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. The Census Portsmouth Street; the census in 18 6 1 records returns for 18 6 1 record Edmund Terry as “Dealer that number 13 was empty and ‘To Let’ and 14 in Furniture’ aged 58 bom in ‘Wege’ [sic] Kent was occupied by a tailor). By 18 78 Charles and married to Hannah aged 58, born in Tesseyman [sic] was listed as ‘art dealer 8c Matlock, Derbyshire. importer’ at 63 Endell Street in Kelly’s Director)'. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 173

A report published in ‘ Lloyd’s Newspaper’ on 29'1' the destruction by fire of the Houses of November 1896, records that Tessyman was a Parliament in 18 34 . Thorn reported that he tenant in the ‘Old Curiosity Shop’ during the acquired the tapestry from ‘M r Preston, a broker, nineteenth-century and that he was ‘Thackeray’s residing in Stanhope Street, for 30s’. Preston of 53 bookbinder’ as well as ‘a dealer in curios’. It is Stanhope Street, stated that he had acquired the proposed by Bernard Lewis (1964) that the ‘Old tapestry ‘from John Ware, a porter at the House Curiosity Shop’ was owned by Samuel Hadley of Lords, for 15 s’. According to testimony of from 1 8 1 3 - 2 1 and that following Dickens’ death Major Edward McArthur, secretary to the Lord in 1870, Clayton Clarke, better known as the Great Chamberlain, at the House of Lords, the illustrator ‘Kyd’, suggested to the owner that tapestry was ‘taken down on the erection of the beneath the inscription ‘The Old Curiosity Shop' Stranger’s gallery’ in December 1 8 3 1 ...and put should be added ‘Immortalized by Charles away under his directions, in a room occupied by Dickens’, an inscription that has remained for his servant’ and that he had never authorised much of the subsequent existence of the shop. the disposal of the tapestry’. It seems that Thom [Hinslip Fletcher, London Passed and Passing, (1908), p. 239-40; was an innocent in the affair, he had earlier Bernard Lewis, About The Old Ctiriosity Shop, (unpaginated), (1964)-] written to the House of Lords (November 4* 1834) explaining that he was in possession of the THATCHER, Ann tapestry: ‘May it please your Lordships - 1, Daniel Ann Thatcher is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at Thom, of Stanhope Street, Clare-market, dealer 18 Wardour Street, London, in Pigot's Directory, in antiquities, most humbly beg to acquaint your 18 3 1. Lordships that I have in my possession a large piece of tapestry’, representing the defeat of the THATCHER, C Spanish Armada, which I bought in the month of Thatcher is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 57 King June last, at a broker’s shop, and which I was Street, Brighton in the Post Office Directory for informed was a part of the tapestry’ of the House 1859. of Lords, having the appearance of being that piece which was formerly placed opposite his TH A TCH ER , Richard Majesty’s throne....if his Majesty or your Richard Thatcher is recorded as ‘curiosity dealer’ Lordships should think it of sufficient importance at 5 1 Newman Street, London, in the records of to merit your attention, I will cheerfully attend the Sun Fire Office in 18 22. Richard Thatcher is your Lordship’s commands, when and where your listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 51 Newman Street, Lordships may be pleased to appoint. Relying on Oxford Street, in the Post Office Directory for your liberality to remunerate me for the 1824. preservation of so valuable a remnant of the ancient tapestry’...’ TH O R N , Daniel At the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Daniel Thom (*1788-1853) is listed as ‘antique Hill in 1842, Thom is recorded as the buyer of furniture and china dealer’ at 10 Stanhope Street, ‘a miniature of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Clare Market, London, in Pigot’s Director}’, 18 32 , after Jarvis, by Oed Lens’, (lot 92, 14* day, 18 36 and 1839 and is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at £ 1 7 .17s.). The Last Will and Testament of Daniel the same address in the Post Office Directory for Thom, of Addlestone, Chertsey, Surrey, ‘dealer in 18 4 1. In the records of the Sun Fire Office in antiquities and curiosities’ was proved on 18 34, Daniel Thome (sic] is recorded as ‘broker 16 * August 18 5 3 (p ro n /2177). Daniel Thom and dealer in ancient furniture, carved work and ‘antiquarian and collector of curiosities’, died ‘in curiosities’ at 10 Stanhope Street, Clare Market. his 6$A year, at his residence Athelstane Villa, A report in The Times (5* December 1834) Addlestone’ in September 18 53. recorded that Thorn ‘a curiosity’ dealer of [The Gentleman’s Magazine, (New Series), vol.XL, September Stanhope Street’ was called to explain how he 18 J3 .P . 3*6-1 came to be in possession of a portion of a tapestry (27’ 6” by 1 5 ’ ) from ‘the late House of THORNTON, T Lords’, which had been on display in his shop at Thornton is listed as ‘dealer in antiques, old china a price of £400. It was believed that the tapestry etc’ at 1 1 Queen’s Road, Bristol in Slater's had been stolen from the House of Lords prior to Directory’, 1868. 1 7 4 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

TILL, William of carved furniture, and is always ready and William Till is recorded as a ‘curiosity dealer’, obliging in showing what he has to the stranger, trading from 1 7 Great Russell Street, London, even should no purchases be made.’ in the Post Office Directory for 1832. Till is listed (Herbert Bntg-HiIL Carfesskva of a Brir-j-Br" Itetr, (iSSSL as ‘coin and medal dealer’ at the same address p- 78.1 in Pigot’s Director)’, 18 3 9 . The Times (15 * TOWN AND EMANUEL September 1832) recorded that Till ‘a dealer in Town and Emanuel traded as furniture makers coins and curiosities, Great Russell Street’, was and curiosity dealers at 103 New Bond Street, the victim of the theft of some objects and was London, from C1830 until 1849. In Tallis’ London also the unwitting purchaser of some Roman and Street Views, 1838/40 Town and Emanuel are Etruscan vases, which had been stolen from The listed as ‘Importers of Antique Furniture and Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. Manufacturers of Buhl to Her Majesty’. In Pigot’s At the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Director)’ 1839 they are recorded at 10 3 New Hill in 18 4 2, Till is recorded as the purchaser of Bond Street as 'curiosity dealers and antique at least 35 lots (all coins and medals), including furniture importers’ and at the same address in ‘The celebrated medal of Henry VHI’, (lot 23, Kelly’s Director)’, 1846, as ‘Importers & 10* day, £51.0.0); ‘a George II fine medal, dated Manufacturers of Buhl, Marquetrie, Reisenet; and 1 7 3 1 , rare’ (lot 24, io'’' day, £8.0.0) and ‘the carved furniture, by Appointment to the Queen’. coronation medals of William and Mary, George In trade directories in 18 39 -4 0 Town & Emanuel II, and Queen Caroline’, (lot 25, io,h day, are recorded as ‘Town & Co, dealers in & £7.155.). Till was the author of An Essay on the manufacturers of antique furniture, curiosities & Roman Denarius (1838) and a member of the pictures’ . Numismatic Society. Charles Town was an artist of 103 New Bond [William Till, An Essay on the Roman Denarius, (1838); H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1842).) Street and his partner Emanuel Emanuel (q.v.), was an importer of curiosities, possibly originally TIRONI, Pier Domenico trading from Lamb’s Conduit. The magnificent ‘ M r Tironi’ was a curiosity dealer trading in and extensive stock of Messrs Town and Emanuel Venice, Italy and is recorded by the dealer John of New Bond Street was sold by Christie’s at King Coleman Isaac (q.v:) in 1844. Isaac mentions that Street on April 19 * 1849 (seven days) and again Tironi often came to London to buy and sell and on i4 ,1‘ May (three days), ‘in consequence of the that Tironi had sold ‘two bottles to M r Leader, death of Mr Emanuel’. After the sale of the stock the Member for Westminster’ when Leader was in the shop was continued by M r Toms as Toms and Venice in April 1844. Later in 18 5 5 , Isaac wrote Luscombe 103 New Bond Street. that Tironi had tried to buy two broken The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) sold some ‘Raffaelware’ plates from the dealer M r Riatti objects to Town and Emanuel in 18 38 . Town (q.v.) for £16. Otto Mundler (1811-1870) the and Emanuel are recorded as the buyers of at least German art dealer and historian also recorded 4 7 lots at the auction sale of the contents of that he called on Tironi whilst in Venice in March Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘a silver-gilt 18 5 7 and noted he had some good pictures for coffer or jewel casket ornamented with Limoges sale. Pier Domenico Tironi made a bequest to the enamels’ (lot 9 1, i 5 ‘,‘ day, £47.10.0.); ‘a splendid Museo Correr in Venice in 18 53. bronze or or-molou clock by Gudin le Jeune’ (lot [John Coleman Isaac Archive, MS139/AJS3, no.6j, no.83. Hartley 23, 16 * day, £26.5.0.); ‘a pair of Oriental China Library, University of Southampton; Museo Civico e Raccolta Tourquise colour match pots’ (lots 129 , 16 * day, Correr di Venezia: doni fatti al museo dalla sua fondazione fino al • £12.0.0.); ‘a splendid ebony tale’ (lot 5 7 ,1 9 * day, 1880 e cenni intomo al suo collocamento nel nuovo edificio, (1880), p. 14; The Travel Diary of Otto Mundler, The Walpole £50.8.0.) and ‘beautiful old stained glass’ (lot 45, Society, volume LI, (1985), pp. 69-154, p. 145.] 24* day, £30.0.0). Town and Emanuel also made a large number of purchases at the auction sale of TOGNOLATI, G. the contents of Stowe in 1848 (at least 12 5 lots), The writer Herbert Byng-Hall records that including ‘a pair of beautiful columns and Tognolati was an Italian curiosity dealer trading pedestals, of alabaster sculpture...dated 15 3 8 ’ (lot from 39 Kamenney Ostrowskey Prospect, 568, £54.12.0.); ‘an antique chimera in white St Petersburg in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that marble - found near the Villa Adriana by the Tognolati ‘has occasionally some fine specimens Marquis of Chandos, in 1 8 1 7 ’ (lot 699, £64.1.0.) DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS I7 <

- the marble was subsequently sold to the dealer after his death, proved 17 * November 183! Redfem (q.t'.)\ ‘a magnificent antique vase of (proi 1/1907). The insurance records of thi white marble...engraved by Piranesi’, (lot 739, Sun Fire Office of March S* 1839 record Henr £ 13.1.0 .). Town and Emanuel acted as bidding Farrer as executor to ‘the late D.W.N. Tuck agent at the Stowe auction, purchasing ‘the sash 11 St Martins Court, Leicester Square of the Pretender Charles Edward, taken from his silversmith, dealer in pictures, glasses, anriqu baggage at Culloden, in 17 4 5 ’ (lot 17 7 . £41.0.0.) furniture and curiosities.’ Farrer and Tuck appea and two paintings by ‘Durer’, ‘St Catherine’ and to have had a close business relationship; in Ma; ‘St Barbara’ (lots 39 7 & 398, £ 15 7.10 .6 . & 18 38 John Coleman Isaac records that Farrer an< £168.0.0.) for the Marquis of Breadalbane. Tuck had together offered the dealer Collin (q.v. It is recorded that Town 8c Emanuel purchased a £ 16 0 for an ‘ancient shield’ whilst they were on ; shipment of furniture and works of art from the buying trip to Germany. Doges Palace at Venice imported by the Italian Tuck appears to have been the husband of thi dealer Gasparoni (q.v.) and sold many pieces to dealer Charlotte Tuck (see below), who continue) the Duke of Buckingham at Stowe. The Last Will the business after his death. Tuck may also be i and Testament of Emanuel Emanuel of 103 New relative of W. H. Tuck who bought maiolica at thi Bond Street, ‘manufacturer of antique furniture’ Fountaine auction sale in 1884 and some ‘Oh was proved on the 4,,, May 1849 (proi 1/1091). Japan lacquer’ and French furniture at thi The firm also pasted paper labels to the underside Hamilton Palace auction sale 1882. of some of the furniture that they manufactured [John Coleman Isaac Archive, MS159/AJ55, ‘waste book’, no.467 no.43, Hanley Library, University of Southampton; Cliv and retailed. Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British collector at horn [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijy/AJjj, ‘waste book’, no.467. 1 7 5 0 - 1 8 5 0 , (1989), p. 267; Getty Provenance Index Database; Hartley Library’. University of Southampton; H. Bum, A edes www.piweb.getty.edu.] Straivberrianae, (1842); Frederick Litchfield, Pottery a n d Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, (1879), p. 323; Frederick Litchfield, Illustrated History o f Furniture, (1892), p. 233; Geoffrey Beard & T U C K , Mrs Charlotte Christopher Gilbert (eds). Dictionary o f English Furniture Makers Mrs Tuck is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ a 16 6 0 -18 4 0 , (1986); Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the 22 St. Martin’s Court, London, in the Post Offic British Collector at Home 1750-1850 (1989), p. 49; Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of Marked London Furniture Directory for 18 4 1. Charlotte was apparently thi 1 7 0 0 - 18 4 0 , (1996), p. 52; Francis Collard, Town & Emanuel’, wife of the dealer Dean William Tuck (q.v.) (se 1 Furniture History, voLXXXH, 1996, pp. 81-9; Amin Jaffer, above) and continued the business for a periot Furniture from British India and Ceylon, (2001), p. 13 9-1 after his death.

TRIM BY, George TU CK ER , William George Trimby is listed as ‘dealer in antique William Tucker is listed as a ‘curiosity’ dealer’ ant furniture’ at 9 8c 10 Ladymead, Bath in Wooster’s ‘repository’ for curiosities’ at 83 Regent Stree Directory, 1884. Quadrant, London, in the Post Office Director for 1826 , 18 3 2 and 1836 . The dealer Johi TU C K , Dean William Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought two agate cups fron Tuck is recorded as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ as 1 1 St. William Tucker in March 18 2 7 , when Isaai Martins Court, London, in the Post Office himself had taken a second shop at the Quadrant Directory for 18 33. William Tuck is listed as (1826 -27). William Tucker is listed as ‘naturalist ‘picture dealer’ at 1 1 St Martin’s Lane in Pigot’s at ‘83 Regent’s Quadrant’ in Pigot’s Directory Directory, 1839. Tuck is regularly recorded as a 1839 and as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at 83 Quadrant ii buyer of paintings at various auction rooms in Kelly’s Directory’, 18 4 1. The 18 4 1 census record London during the period 18 14 -18 3 8 . William Tucker a ‘naturalist’ aged 56 resident a The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) exchanged a the Quadrant. half suit of armour for a picture by ‘Franks’ and a [John Coleman Isaac archive, MS139/AJ5J, “waste book’, no.467 tea caddy with ‘Mr. Tuck’ in November 1817. Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] Tuck had earlier purchased miniatures of Henry’ VIII and Anne of Cleves from M r Barrett at Lee TU FFIN G , William Priory, Kent, which he sold to the collector William Tuffing is recorded as a ‘curiosity’ dealer Francis Douce in 18 16 for 50 guineas. In his Last trading from 72 Great Queen Street, London, ii Will and Testament William Tuck assigned ‘Henry’ the 1820s. The Last Will and Testament o

Farrer. t a Wardnnr Srreer’ rn manage hU affaire Willinm Tiiffino ‘rarw r nilrler nimirp frnmi 176 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS

maker and curiosity dealer’ of 7 2 Great Queen Street was proved on 20* M ay 18 30 (proii/1771).

TU R N ER , Charles Charles Turner is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 5 King Street, Wolverhampton, in Jones’s Directory, 186 5.

TU R N ER , John John Turner is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 1 6 Sidney Place, Commercial Road, London, in the Post Office Directory for 1826 and at 22 Sidney Place in 18 3 2 and 1836 . Turner is listed as ‘dealer in birds and curiosities, and bird stuffer* at 22 Sidney Place, Commercial Road, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839.

TURNER, Mary Mary Turner is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 12 Commercial Road, St George’s East, London, in the Post Office Directory for 1826 and 1836 .

TU R TLE, John John Turtle is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 22 Upper St. Martins Lane, London, in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 35. John Turtle is listed as ‘general dealer’ at 22 Upper St. Martin’s Lane in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. 177

m

UNDERWOOD, George George Underwood is listed as ‘curiosity dealer* at 48 Regent Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, 1882.

USIGLY, Benjamin Benjamin Usigly was a curiosity dealer trading in Venice during the 1830s and 1840s. Usigly wrote to the dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) whilst he was on a buying trip to Paris in 18 33. The bankers of John Coleman Isaac, Schielin Brothers, negotiated the purchase of a pair of giltwood tables from Usigly on behalf of Isaac whilst he was on a buying trip to Venice in 18 4 1. (John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJfj, no. 314 , Hanley Library, University of Southampton.)

ULPH, Edward Edward Ulph is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 17 Albert Street, Manchester in Slater’s Director)’, 1886. 1 7 8 V VACANI, Andrew V A N G A LEN Andrew Vacani is listed as ‘antique furniture Van Galen is possibly a member of the family of dealer & curiosity dealer’ at 95 8c 96 High Murray Marks [q.v.). The collector Lady Holbom, London, in Kelly’s Director)’, 1882. Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought a Bow Vacani, ‘furniture dealer’ of ‘High Holbom and figure (sold to her as ‘Dresden’) for £5.0.0. from Dean Street’ filed for liquidation in June 1882. Van Galen’s in Amsterdam in October 18 7 3 . [Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, V ALEN TIN E, Jacob (1911), vol.t, p. 235.I Jacob Valentine is recorded as ‘clothes salesman and dealer in curiosities’ at 60 Wych Street, V A N GELDER London, in the records of the Sun Fire Office Van Gelder is recorded by the collector Lady 18 2 1 . Vallentine [sic] is listed as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 60 Wych Street in Pigot’s Director)’, Charlotte Schreiber ( 18 12 -18 9 5 ) as a dealer 1839 and is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 60 Wych trading in The Hague in the 1870s. Lady Street, Strand in the Post Office Directory for Schreiber recorded that she purchased ‘a grand 18 4 1. Jacob Vallentine and Son [sic] are also old cruche of Tiger Ware, with the Royal Arms of listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at 4, 59 8c 60 Wych England, and the date 160 4’, at Van Gelder’s in Street in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. 1874. [Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, VALLI (* 911)-l The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded that Valli was a curiosity dealer with a shop at 24 Rue de VAN HERCK Paradis, Marseille, in 1868; Byng-Hall writes that Van Herck is recorded as a curiosity dealer in Valli was ‘generally best supplied’ but his prices Antwerp; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber ‘most exorbitant’. {18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought ‘a grand pair of Chelsea [Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, (1868), p. 41.] figures (Ranelagh model)’ from Van Herck in November 1881. VARLEY, John, Martha 8c Son [Montague Guest, (ed.) Lady Charlotte Schreiber’s Journals, John Benjamin Varley is recorded as ‘jeweller 8c (1911), vol.i, p. 371.I seal engraver’ at 80 Fleet Street, London, in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 26 and V A N M IND EN Martha Varley 8c Benjamin Varley, ‘jewellers’ are Van Minden is recorded as a curiosity dealer at 3 1 recorded at the same address in 18 36 . Varley 8c Rue Saint Onge, Paris in the 1830s. The dealer Son are listed as ‘curiosity dealers’ at 80 Fleet John Coleman Isaac [q.v.) wrote in April 18 3 2 Street in the Post Office Directory for 18 4 1 and that ‘Van Minden has had a two day sale at as ‘jewellers and seal engravers’ at the same Oxenhams \q.v.\ of the finest goods that ever has address in John Tallis’s London Street Views, 1838/1840 . been seen consisting of the most handsomest Buhl library tables, commodes...Dresden china, VAN G ALEN , Emanuel Marks beautiful painted Sevres porcelain, fine old oak Emanuel Marks van Galen is recorded by James carvings...’ Van Minden wrote to John Coleman Orrock (18 2 9 -19 13 ) as a dealer in Amsterdam in Isaac in January 18 3 7 requesting a refund for the opening decades of the nineteenth-century and some articles he had purchased from Isaac’s shop was according to Orrock, a friend of the dealer in London; ‘the two marble groups that Mrs Isaac E.H. Baldock (q.v.). His son Emanuel Marks (q.v:) sold me and gave me a receipt accordingly for £30 and grandson Murray Marks [q.v.) continued to you must be aware are Alabaster. I sold them to a trade in art and curiosities in the second half of Gentleman and was obliged to take them back the nineteenth-century. The van Galen [q.v.) family appear to have continued to trade in again.’ Van Minden continued, ‘you know very curiosities in Amsterdam into the late nineteenth- well that as a tradesman, alabaster cannot be sold century (see below). as marble...’ [Byron Webber, James Orrock, R.J., painter, connoisseur, collector, [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjf/AJyj, no.6, no.l6o, Hanley {1903), p. 191.) Library’, University’ of Southampton,) DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS 179

V A N M IND EN Van Minden is recorded as a dealer who bought silver, he was trading in Amsterdam in 18 7 2 ; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) bought ‘a Chelsea box’ from Van Minden in 18 7 2 and a Chelsea figure from him in Rotterdam in 18 73. (Montague Guest, (ed.). Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, (1911), voLi.p. 151 .1

VAN DER PLUYNE Van der Pluyne is recorded as a dealer in Rotterdam; the collector Lady Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) recorded a visit to Van der Pluyne’s shop in November 18 7 2 and that he had ‘a shop full of Oriental China’. She also recorded that she bought Chelsea and Derby porcelain from Van der Pluyne in October 18 73. (Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Sdrreiber’s Journals, ( 19 11), roLi, p. 168, p. 231.]

VAN PRAAGH, Benjamin The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) bought two commodes, four pieces of tapestry' and other furniture from ‘Mr Van Praagh’ in 1830. The van Praagh family were well-known diamond merchants in the 19* century; Benjamin Moses van Praagh (d.1824) arrived in London from Holland in d 8 i6 and is listed as ‘Merchant’ at Langboume Chambers, Fenchurch Street in 1822, but was described as ‘curiosity dealer’ on his death certificate (according to the van Praagh family history’). Morris van Praagh (18 0 9 -18 7 1) is recorded as ‘jeweller’ at 7 2 Leman Street, Goodmans Fields in the records of the Sun Fire Office in 18 3 2 and Joseph van Praagh is recorded as ‘jeweller’ at 32 Mansell Street in the Sun Fire Office records in 18 3 1, moving to Bloomsbury Square by 1868. Lawrence van Praagh is recorded as a ‘diamond merchant and jeweller’ at 1 1 9 Oxford Street in 186 7. In an advertisement in 1868 Van Praagh & Co Diamond Merchants state they were established in 18 27. (John Coleman b u t archive, A IStjf/A Jjj, “waste book’, 110-167, Hartley library. University of Southampton.]

VEAL, Harry Harry Veal is listed as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at 1 7 Great James Street, London, in Kelly's Directory, 1882.

VIAL Mai is recorded as a French curiosity’ dealer trading in Paris the 1820s; his stock was sold at auction in Paris in 1822. i8o W W AKE, H.T. ‘a dealer in curiosities and articles of virtu, ol Wake is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 18 Station Castle-street, Led ester Square’. Street, Cockermouth, Cumberland in Kelly’s Wareham is recorded as a purchaser of cerar Directory, 18 73. at a Christie's sale in 186 7 and he is knowr have supplied the collector and late nineteei WALESBY, Thomas century Darwinist Sir John Lubbock with sev Thomas Walesby is recorded as ‘bookseller 8c ethnographic objects from Eskimo and Ii dealer in music, Pictures 8c articles of Virtu, at the cultures during the period 186 3 and 1870. Atheneum, St Giles’ Street, Northampton’ in an Wareham is recorded as the buyer of at least advertisement in the Stowe Catalogue Priced and lots at the auction sale of the contents Annotated (1848). Thomas Walesby is also listed Hamilton Palace in 1882, including *a Ja as ‘picture gallery’ at 5 Waterloo Place, London in lacquer black and gold nest of 3 boxes’ (lor 1 18 52 . ‘Walesby, of Northampton’ bought at least £10.10.0.); ‘9 Delft plates’ (lot 939, £4.14.6.] 95 lots at the auction of the contents of Stowe in Limoges enamel dish, signed J.C .’ (lot 9 1848, including, ‘a Chinese Temple, of mother-o- £1,20 7.10 .0 .) and ‘a Milanese Cabinet, *15 pearl, once the property of Queen Charlotte’ (lot (lot 984, £1070.0.0.). 624, £13.0.0.); ‘The Fonthill Cabinet-designed W. Wareham was a member of the syndicati in a fine architectural character’, (lot 288, the Fountaine auction sale at Christie’s in iS £89.5.0.); ‘a casket, of tortoiseshell and ivory Wareham is also recorded as the buyer of at l inlaid’, (lot 35 7 , £3.10.0.); ‘the state bedstead - 28 lots at the Fountaine auction in 1884 indue most magnificently carved and gilt...at the head ‘a [maiolica] triangular Urbino ristem, Judgen are the arms of Chandos embroidered’, (lot 1 1 1 1 , of Paris in a landscape’ (lot 83, £135.9.0 .) and £90.6.0.); ‘a noble armoire, with openwork Urbino Round Cistern, subject inside M< folding doors of rich design’, (lot 1404, £19.8.6.) striking the Rock’ (lot 390, £399.0.0); a Limt and the altar piece from Stowe Chapel, ‘brought from Antwerp by Mr. Astle’ (lot 2482, £ 31.11.0 .). Enamel ‘tinted Grisaille plate, signed J.C .’ 422, £ 74.11.0 .) and ‘a Channelled Page’s Heir W ALLER, Richard with visor’ (lot 560, £84.0.0.). Wareham poss Richard Waller is listed as ‘curiosity and picture supplied objects to the British Museum, thro dealer’ at 8 Great Newport Street, London, in Charles H. Read, in the late 1880s; his n; Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 and as 'curiosity dealer’ at appears in the personal notebooks of Read in 8 Great Newport Street in the Post Office British Museum archives. (Herbert Byng-Hall, Confessions o f a Bric-a-brac Hunter, (i Directory for 18 4 1. p. 286; Janet Owen, ‘Collecting artefacts, acquiring cm Journal o f the History o f Collections, volume 18, no.i, loot W ALTER, Theophilus 9-1$ p. 17.I Theophilus Walter is recorded as ‘curiosity' dealer’, trading at John Street, Spitalfields, WARWICK, John London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. John Warwick is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer 1 Newman Street, London, in the Post Oj W AREH AM , William Directory for 18 32. William Wareham is recorded as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 14 8c 15 Castle Street, Leicester WATERMOUTH & CO, George Square, London, from before i860 and as listed Watermouth & Co are listed as ‘curiosity deal as ‘dealer in works of art’ at the same address in at 10 5 Houndsditch, London, in 18 26 anc Kelly’s Directory, 1880 and 1882. The writer 59 Houndsditch in Pigot’s Director)', 18 32 Herbert Byng-Hall, in Confessions o f a Bric-a- 1836 . Brac Hunter (1868), mentioned that Wareham of Castle-street was a ‘reputable dealer’. William W ATKINS, George Wareham was the victim of the theft of ‘a china George Watkins is listed as ‘picture dea teapot, value 10s’ in May i860 {Morning trading at 457 Strand, London, in Pig Chronicle, M ay 25*, i860), recording himself as Director)', 1839. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS l8 l

WATSON, George & Henry Street in Pigot’s Directory, 1839. In January 18 53 George and Henry Watson are listed as ‘curiosity John Webb’s shop at 8 Old Bond Street was taken dealers’ at 3 1 Duke Street, Oxford Street in Kelly’s over by the cabinetmakers Wilkinson & Co (<7.1'.). Directory, i860. By 1876 Henry Watson had John Webb is recorded as being the brother of the retired. He was a witness in the court case of the artist Edw-ard Webb, and is said to have other dealer David Jewell (q.v.) at the Old Bailey on brothers, Charles and William, w-ho also w-orked 3 1 ' January 1876, w’here he stated, *1 w'as formerly w-ith Charles Webb senior. The Webb brothers in business as a dealer in antique articles - I am w-ere the uncles of the architect Sir Aston Webb now living in Taverton Street, Gordon Square - I (1849-1930). was about twenty-five years in business.* John Webb’s father Charles Webb, is variously [ttn-tt-.oMbjileronIine.com] described as a ‘gold laceman’ trading in Old Bond Street and Piccadilly and is listed as ‘gold laceman’ WATSON, John at J 7 Piccadilly in Kent’s London Director)-, 1823 John Watson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 499 and is also recorded as a ‘manufacturer of military- Oxford Street, London, in Kelly’s Directory, i860. braid’ at 48 Piccadilly in the same period. William The Census returns for 18 6 1 record John Watson Webb is listed as ‘gold laceman’ at 48 Piccadilly in aged 34 a ‘dealer in works of art’ at 499 Oxford Pigot’s Director)-, 1839. Street. Watson is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 499 Webb is recorded to have sold an ebony and & 500 Oxford Street in Kelly’s Director)-, 1882. inlaid tester bed to the io* Duke of Hamilton in In January 18 76 Watson gave evidence at the trial 1826 or 1828, an object constructed from older of the dealer Da\-id Jewell (q.r.) who w-as accused fragments and made by John Stuart of Charlotte of receiving stolen goods. At the trail Watson Street, London and also sold ‘a pair of beautiful described himself as ‘dealer in china’ at 499 and columns of alabaster from the Abbey of 500 Oxford Street. Tongerloo in French Flanders’ to the Duke of [ tt-n-KU>Mbi iIfronIinc.com | Buckingham, which were later sold at the Stow-e sale in 1848 (52gns). Webb supplied modem W ATSON, Richard furniture in the Gothic style to the antiquary Richard Watson is listed as ‘antique furniture Thomas Baylis (d.1880) of The Pryor’s Bank, dealer’ at 14 1 Wardour Street, London, in Kelly’s Fulham during the 1830s and also sold objects Directory, 1882. and furnishings to Isambard Kingdom Brunei (1806-1859) in 1848. W EAVER, Alfred In 1839 E. H. Baldock (q.v.) bought a teapot from Alfred Weaver is listed as ‘carver and gilder’ at 1 Webb and sold it on to Lord Low-ther. Webb is Brompton Road in Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 . also known to have supplied choir stalls for Weaver is listed ‘carver and curiosity dealer’ at 46 Oscott Church in 1838, purchased through Wardour Street in the Post Office Directory for A.W .N. Pugin (18 12 -18 5 2 ) and paid for by the 1849 and as ‘carver and gilder’ at the same Earl of Shrewsbury. The architect William Bum address in Kelly’s Directory, 18 52. (178 9 -18 70 ) mentioned Webb & Cragg, 8 Old Bond Street as suitable suppliers of furniture etc W EAVER, John Frederick in 1839. In 1854 Gustav Waagen mentioned that John Weaver is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 28 Webb sold a few pictures but mainly had artistic Wardour Street, London, in Kelly's Directory, furniture and objects of virtu. Webb also made 1870. some of the Gothic Revival furniture, to the design of the architect A. W. N. Pugin, for the W EBB, John House of Lords and also made several John Webb (179 9 -1880 ), w-as a cabinet-maker, reproductions of 17 * and iS * century French furniture manufacturer, upholsterer and dealer furniture for the Marquess of Hertford, some of and collector. He traded at 8 Old Bond Street, which survive at the Wallace Collection in London, between 18 25 and 1 8 3 1 , moving in London. 18 5 1 to 1 1 Grafton Street until the late 1860s. The dealer John Coleman Isaac (<7.1'.) accepted The records of the Sun Fire Office record John several bills from John Webb, on two and three Webb & Joseph Webbe Cragg, ‘cabinetmakers months payment for various amounts of £100, and upholders’ at 8 Old Bond Street in 1829. £80 etc in the 1840s. Isaac also sold many ancient John Webb is listed as ‘ upholsterer’ at 8 Old Bond articles to Webb in the 1830s and 1840s including 82 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

‘ten very large gilt carvings’ and 'a large piece of 12 -1.5 ). John Webb was well known enough to stained glass’, in 18 4 5 . 1° 18 5 7 Isaac also be satirised as ‘Mr. Gossamer of Bond Street, mentioned a large engraved Venetian mirror in a whose private house is like the Hotel de Cluny in carved frame, ‘finer than the one he sold to Webb combination with an elegant home’ by Sydney for £ 10 0 ’ - (Isaac may be referring to the Venetian Whiting in a sardonic essay published in Once a mirror that Webb loaned to the Gore House Week in April 1862. exhibition (1853), which was photographed by C. In 18 3 2 ‘Mr. Webb, Old Bond Street’ was in Thurston Thompson, V & A photograph 32.608) possession of an ebony chair from the Strawberry (figure 33). Isaac appears to have a good Hill collections, this 10 years before the auction relationship with John Webb; he recorded that he sale of the contents Strawberry Hill in 1842. The loaned Webb £ 1 in April 1845. 1° October 18 5 7 chair was illustrated in Sir Samuel Meyrick and Isaac recorded that M r & Mrs Webb had visited Henry Shaw, Specimens o f Ancient Furniture him in Venice whilst he was on a buying trip; (1836) (Plate XIII) (figure 16). Webb was also in Isaac recorded that Webb had bought ‘ four possession of a cabinet, ‘time of Elizabeth, or bottles with handles’ from ‘M r Zen’ (q.vl) and James I,’ also illustrated in Specimens (Plate that Webb had asked him to send ‘a small case XXVIII). containing about Ten Pounds worth of goods, all The Marlborough House exhibition in 18 5 2 he purchased’ back to London whilst he was exhibited some Velvet that had been purchased buying in Venice. Isaac also noted in the same from Webb. John Webb also loaned a ‘Venetian letter to his wife Sarah Isaac, that M r Sc Mrs Chandelier, 17 * century’, *a clock, English or Webb were ‘travelling in rather a good style’ and German, a 670-80’ and the ‘Venetian Mirror, that Webb tried to buy a ‘very small round silver c i700’ (figure 33) to the Gore House Exhibition box’ from Isaac, but he refused to sell it to Webb in 18 53 and was in charge of furniture removals because he thought it was made by ‘Cellini’. at the exhibition and also contributed to the ‘Webb. Old Bond Street’ is recorded as the buyer catalogue. Webb was recorded as the owner of a of at least 24 lots at the auction sale of the case of ‘Ivory Carvings* loaned to the Exhibition contents of Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2, including ‘a of Industrial Art at the National Gallery in 18 6 1 fine old candlestick, with beautiful medallions, and Webb was also listed amongst the representing the Labours of Hercules’ (lot 60, i 2 dl contributors at the Special Loan Exhibition of day, £26.5.0.); ‘a noble chalice of silver-gilt, richly Works of Art at the South Kensington Museum in ornamented with jewels’ (lot 93, iy * day, 1862. Webb w’as awarded a silver medal ‘for the £33.12.0 .); ‘a portrait of a young man in the time caning in wood of a cellaret’ at the Exhibition of of Henry VIII, by Holbein’, (lot 53, 20* day, Specimens of Recent British Manufactures and £ 13.13.0 .); ‘a very curious coffer, of the old Decorative Art at the Royal Society' of Arts in Japan, inlaid with mother o’pearl’, (lot 6 1, 23^ 1849 and acted as a juror for ‘Class xxvi, day, £28.7.0.). ‘Webb, Bond Street’, is recorded as Furniture, Upholstery..’ alongside the decorator the buyer of 1 1 lots at the auction of the contents John Gregory Crace and designer Ludwig Gruner, of Stowe in 1848, including ‘a Sevres flower at the Great Exhibition in 18 5 1 . Webb was also stand’, (lot 10 9 1, £40.19.0.); ‘a scent bottle of old appointed as one of the commissioners to Chelsea, and a pair of spoons’ (lot 1103, purchase objects on behalf of the South £2.17.0.); and ‘a very magnificent Persian carpet, Kensington Museum at the Paris Exhibition 18 6 7, of shawl pattern’, (lot 113 0 , £57.15.0 ). ‘Webb, although according to the collector A W Franks Grafton Street’ also bought at least 23 lots at the (18 26 -18 9 7), who was also commissioned at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal same time, Webb was too ill to attend in Paris. (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a portrait Webb did however remain an adviser to the South of a Cavalier, French School’ (lot 845, £ 32.11.0 .); Kensington Museum until his death in 1880. ‘a coffer, with a domed top’ (lo ri7i8, £8.10.0.); Webb was sent to Toulouse by John Charles ‘a tulip-shaped silver watch signed “ Edward Bysse Robinson (1824-1913) and Henry Cole fecit” (1013852, £7.15.0 .); and ‘a magnificent (18 0 8 -18 82) at the South Kensington Museum to chandelier of Old Venetian Glass’ (lot 4264, report on the ‘genuineness and value’ of the Jules £47.10.0.). Webb also acted as agent for the Soulages collection in 18 5 4 ; Webb is listed British Museum at the Bernal auction, purchasing amongst the guarantors (£500) for the potential ‘King Lothaire’s Magic Crystal’ (lot 1295, purchase of the Soulages Collection in 1856 . £267.0.0.) on behalf of the Museum (BM 18 5 5 , Webb also valued and reported on the Soltikoff DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS 183

collection for the museum in i860. Webb often notice (The Times z i" June 1880) was written by acted as agent, bidding at auction for the South Henry Cole of the South Kensington Museum; Kensington Museum and the British Museum and ‘Through the death of Mr. John Webb...are lost supplied both museums with a large amount of the services of a connoisseur and collector of objects during the 1850s and up to the late 1870s. works of fine art, and one whose critical The annual report for the Department of Science judgment the State and many private individuals and Art in 1854 records several purchases for the placed the highest confidence.’ Webb left £10,000 South Kensington Museum from John Webb, (John Webb Trust Fund) to the South Kensington including ‘a Japan vase’ (£10), ‘an Oriental vase’ Museum for purchases of objects. (£10) and ‘an old Sevres Porcelain Vase’ (£30). In [VficA archive, Webb Papers; VflcA Archive, Cole Papers; John July 18 5 7 Webb sold a ‘Lucca della Robbia Coleman Isaac Archive, MStjy/AJjj, *waste book’, no.467, no. 11, no.86, no.102, no.348, Hartley Library, University of shrine’ (V & A 4 4 12 -18 5 7 ) ; a ‘stone retable’ Southampton; H. Bum, Aedes Strawberrianae, (1841); Museum (V & A 4 4 1 3 - 1 8 5 7 ) and ‘ four carved Italian of Ornamental Art - a hand-book guide for visitors, Marlborough chests’ (V & A 4 4 14 to 4 4 17 -18 5 7 ) to the South House, (185a); Catalogue of Specimens of Cabinet Kensington Museum and in 18 6 1 Webb sold the Work-exhibited at Gore House. Kensington, (1853); C. Thurston Thompson, Photographs of Furniture exhibited at Gore House, museum the famous ‘Fatimid Rock Crystal Ewer’ (1833) ; Gustav Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain, (3 vols.) (V&A 7904-1862) for £450.0.0. In 1866 the (1834) (1999 edition), p. 338; J.C Robinson, Catalogue of the South Kensington Museum acquired 'fifteen Soulages Collection, (1836), pvii; John Charles Robinson, examples of ancient carved ivories from M r John Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Works of Art...on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (1861); Sydney Whiting, ‘Bric-a- Webb’s collection’, including the Lorsch Gospels Brac’, Once a Week, April 5* 1861, pp. 401-407; George Redford, for £588.0.0. (V&A 138-1866). Webb also Art Sales, (1888), (1 vols.), passim; W. Roberts, Memorials of loaned some of the objects from his collection to Christie’s: a record of art sales 1766 to 1896, (1897), (1 vols.), the South Kensington Museum in an agreement vol.II, p. 314; Simon Jervis, T he Pryor’s Bank, Fulham’, Furniture History, voLX, 1974, pp. 87-98; John Ingamells, (ed.), Tire dated 1 1 * August 1869 (at a rental of 5% of their Hertford Mawson Letters, (1981), p. 44; Clive Wainwright, estimated value of £10 ,851.0 .0 .) - the objects ‘Curiosities to Fine Art, Bond Street’s first dealers’. Country Life were all purchased by the museum by 18 73. 29* May, 1986, pp. 1528-9; dive Waimvright, The Romantic John Webb had retired to Villa Hollandia, his Interior, the British Collector at Home 1750—1830, (1989), pp. 45-6 and passim; Clive Wainwright, ‘Furnishing the Nevv Palace: villa in Cannes by the 1860s and during the Pugin’s furniture & fittings, Apollo, May 1992, pp. 303-06; 1850s Webb also owned a country house, Marjorie Caygill, ‘Some Recollection of me when I am gone’: Wrotham Place in Kent. In order to fund his Franks and the Early Medieval Archaeology of Britain and retirement Webb sold pans of his collection in Ireland', in Marjorie Caygill & John Cherry (eds.), A.W. Franks, March 18 6 9 , when Mr. Christie sold the Nineteenth-century collecting and the British Museum, (1997), pp. 160-183, p. 16 1; Anthony Burton, Vision and Accident: the story ‘Historical Portraits, Old Sevres and fine old of the Victoria and Albert Museum, (1999), p. 34; Helen Davies, decorative furniture’ belonging to John Webb of ‘John Charles Robinson’s work at the South Kensington Museum, Grafton Street’, at his King Street auction rooms Pan II from 1863 to 1867: consolidation and conflict’, Journal of in London. The portraits at the sale included the History of Collections, vol.it, no.t, (1999), pp. 95-115, p. 105; Clive Wainwright, “The Banket, the Prince and the Dealers: ‘Joanna Countess of Abergavenny, in a crimson three Renaissance objects in the Victoria & Albert Museum’, dress with yellow sleeves, a jewelled head-dress Apollo, February 2000, pp. 41-6; Amin Jaffet, Furniture from holding a carnation, from Strawberry’ Hill and British India and Ceylon, (1001), p. 13 1; d ive Wainwright (edited Bernal collections’ (2oogns) sold to Ayerst; for publication by Charlotte Gere), ‘The making of the South Kensington Museum IP, Journal of the History of Collections, ‘Portrait of Madame de Pompadour...from vol.14, no.t, 2002, pp. 25-44, p. 27, p. 34; Clive Wainwright Versailles’ (305gns), sold to Davis (q.v.). The (edited for publicarion by Charlotte Gere), The making of the collection of Old Sevres porcelain included ‘a South Kensington Museum IIP, Journal of the History of pair of oviform Sevres vases and covers, gors- Collections, vol.14, no.i, 2002, pp. 4 5-6 1, p. 48; Clive Wainwright (edited for publication by Charlotte Gere), The bleu, richly gilt, painted with cupids and trophies Making of the South Kensington Museum IV, relationships with in medallions, and richly mounted with the trade: Webb 8c Bardini', Journal of the History of Collections, openwork rims, and feet of chased ormolu’ vol.14, no.i, 1002, pp. 63-78.) (yogns) sold to Wells; the furniture included *a fine old side table, carved with masks and W EININGER, Salomon foliage’, and a 'fine old carved and gilt console Salomon Weininger (1822-1879) was a table, with a slab of Oriental alabaster’ (yogns), celebrated goldsmith and also set up as an antique sold to Durlacher (q.t\). The whole collection dealer in Vienna in the mid nineteenth-century. realised ‘upwards of £4,000.’ He was employed to restore some Renaissance Webb died on the 14 * June 1880, his obituary’ bronze works of art and reliquaries by various 184 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE &: CURIOSITY DEALERS

museums and collectors, including the Modena also continued to be listed as ‘ bronze ducal collection. Objects entrusted to Weininger manufacturer’ at 154 New Bond Street in were copied by him and he returned the new Collinson’s Director)’, 18 6 1. Samson Wertheimer reproductions to the museums, selling the is listed as ‘antique furniture dealer’ at 15 4 New originals to private collectors etc. Weininger was Bond Street in Kelly’s Director)’, 1882 and eventually apprehended and was jailed for a total S. Wertheimer 8c Sons are listed as ‘fine art of seven years for fraud in 18 77. He died in an dealers’ at the same address in 1892. The census Austrian State prison on 2 1 “ November 1879. returns for 18 6 1 record Samson Wertheimer, [J.F. Hayward, ‘Salomon Wciningcr, Master Faker’, Connoisseur, 'ormolu dealer’, aged 50 and bom in Bavaria, vol.187, no.753, November 1974, pp. 170-79.] together with his wife Helena (44) and their sons Charles (19) and Asher (17) and their daughter- WELCH, Joseph in-law Friedrika (19 ), all listed as ‘ormolu Joseph Welch is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 206 dealers’. High Holborn, London, in Kelly's Director)’, Samson’s sons, Asher (d.1918) and Charles i86 0 . The census returns for 18 6 1 record Wertheimer (d .19 11) traded with their father and 206 High Holbom occupied by Joseph Welch also continued to trade as art dealers afrer his aged 3 8 born in Horsley a ‘dealer in works of art’, death in 1892. Charles John Wertheimer gave together with his wife Harriett (34). Welch is witness evidence in the court case at the Old listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 68 High Street, Bailey against the dealer David Jewell (q.v.) on Holborn in Kelly’s Directory, 1882. Welch gave 3 1 “ January 1876 . In the court case Wertheimer evidence at the court case at the Old Bailey stated ‘I am a dealer in china and antique against the dealer David Jewell (q.v:) on 3 1 “ furniture carrying on business at 15 4 New Bond January 1876 . In his evidence he stated, ‘I live at Street’, and that ‘my father has been established in 68 High Holbom - I am a dealer in china and business between thirty and fort)’ years - our antique furniture, and have been for the last thirty business in not devoted exclusively to china but to years - I have all my life been in the habit of articles of vertu, we have a manufactory as well, purchasing at sales and otherwise - 1 bought at an our shop is well known to gentlemen collecting auction at Sittingboume, a console table, a very old china, we are one of the largest dealers in beautiful one, for which I paid two guineas and London.’ After the death of his father, Charles sold it for eighty - the man to whom I sold it Wertheimer traded as an art dealer from his own afterwards sold it to Baron Rothschild for 160 home at 21 Norfolk Street, Park Lane until his guineas.’ death on April 25,k 1 9 1 1 . Christie’s sold the [www.oIdbaileyonIine.com] collection of ‘ the late Mr. Charles Wertheimer’ in May 19 12 . W ELLS, William 8c Charles Asher continued to trade from his father’s shop at William 8c Charles Wells are listed as ‘curiosity 15 4 New Bond Street after his father’s death, dealers* at 13 Com Market, Oxford, in Slater’s before opening a new gallery’ at 15 8 New Bond Directory, 18 52. Street in 1903 selling eighteenth-century French furniture and works of art. Asher married Flora W ERTHEIM ER, Samson, Charles 8c Asher Joseph the daughter of the dealer Edward Joseph Samson Wertheimer (.18 11-18 9 2 ) is listed as (q.v.) in 18 7 3. Betty Wertheimer aged 22, the ‘bronzist’ at 35 Greek Street, Soho, London, in daughter of Asher Wertheimer, was described as Kelly’s Directory, 18 46 ; a trade card ‘art dealer’, in the notice of her marriage to Euston (.1840 -1850 ) in the John Johnson Collection Abraham Salaman (27), a ‘merchant’, on 18* of Ephemera, Bodleian Library, Oxford, October 1899. Asher’s other daughter, Helena (28) records ‘S.Wertheimer, 35 Greek Street, Soho, married Robert Mathias aged 3 1 and ‘of manufacturer of ornamental mounts for cabinets, independent means’ on 25* October 19 10 . Asher tables, vases etc., in Bronze and Ormoulu’ (figure died at Cravenhurst, Eastbourne on 9* August 36). Wertheimer moved to Bond Street .18 54 and 19 18 (obit. The Times August 12 * 1918) after is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ and as ‘antique which Christie’s sold ‘the remaining stock of furniture dealer’ at 15 4 N ew Bond Street in pictures of Old Masters and Works of the early Kelly’s Directory, i860, 18 6 5 and 1870 . From English School’ of Asher Wertheimer in June 1920. 18 54 Wertheimer held the royal warrant of dealer Following the death of Mrs Wertheimer; the final in china, curiosities and antiques. Wertheimer portions of the collection of the Wertheimer's were DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALERS l8

sold at auction by Christies in March 192.3. Sondes, by Sir J. Reynolds, formerly at Strawberi Samson Wertheimer is recorded as a buyer of 4 Hill’ (4,ioogns) sold to Haynes. lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Charles and Asher Wertheimer are listed among; Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 55, including ‘a the subscribers to George Redford’s Art Salt silver gilt diminutive tazza, date about 159 0 ’ (lot (1888) and Charles Wertheimer made some sma 14 5 5 , £2.5.0.) and a pair of ‘handsome ebonized purchases from the dealer Edwin Marrioi cabinets’ (lots 4200 & 4 2 0 1, £65.0.0.). Hodgkins {q.v,:) in June and July 1889. The arti; Wertheimer is also recorded as the buyer of at John Singer Sargent (18 56 -19 25) painted twelv least 45 lots at the auction of the contents of portraits of the Wertheimer family between 189 Hamilton Palace, sold by Christie, Manson & and 1908, ten of which remain in the collections a Woods in June and July 1882, including, ‘a jug, Tate Britain, London. They were presented to th carved out of the rarest avanturine jasper, 8* or 9* Nation by the Wertheimer family in accordanc century (lot 488, £2467.105); ‘an oblong Louis with the wishes of Asher Wertheimer in 1922. X IV writing table by Riesener’ (lot 30 3, |Edwin Marriott Hodgkins archive, 1601/2, Westminster Cil £6000.0.0.); ‘a pair of Louis XIV Amoire, by archives; W. Robens, Memorials of Christie's: a record of Art Salt from 1766 to 1896, (1897), (2 vols.), vol.II, p. 69, p. 17 J; Georg Buhl’ (lots 6 72 & 6 73, £ 12,0 75), and *a ver)’ f*ne Redford, Art Soles. A history of soles of pictures and other work Louis X V parqueterie commode’ (lot 1806, of art, (1888), (2 vols.), passim; Anon. ‘Ml Asher Wertheimer £6247.10.0.). Wertheimer also acted as bidding Exhibition’, The Connoisseur, vol.v, no.20, April 1903; Geral agent for the Rothschild family at the Hamilton Reitlingei, The Economics of Taste, volume II, (1963), p. 137-f p. 162, p. 293; Bellaigue, Palace sale. Wertheimer is also recorded as the Geoffrey de Catalogue of the Rothschil Collection at XCaddesdon, Furniture, Clocks and Gilt Bronzes, ( buyer of two lots at sale of the Andrew Founraine vols), (1974), vol.i, p. 11; Kathleen Adler, ‘John Singer Sargent collection in 1884, including a Limoges enamel Portraits of the Wertheimer Family’, in Linda Nochlin & Tama ‘ Large Deep Sunk Oval Dish, signed T.R.’ (lot 447 Garb (eds). The Jew in the Text: Modernity and the Constructioi £577.10 .0 .) (photographed in the catalogue) and of Identity, (1993), pp. 83-96; John Cherry, ‘Franks and th Medieval Collections’, in Marjorie Caygill and John Cherry (eds.] the celebrated Leonard Limousin enamel (lot 453 A. W. Franks, nineteenth-century collecting and the Britist £7350.0.0.) (photographed in the catalogue). Museum, (1997), pp. 183-199, p. 194; Michael Hall, ‘Bric-a-Brac Samson Wertheimer sold the famous Royal Gold a Rothschild's memoir of collecting’, Apollo, July Si August 2007 Cup, formerly in the collection of Baron Jerome pp. jo-77, p. 6 1; www.oldbaileyonIine.org! Pichon, to the British Museum in 18 9 1. Samson Wertheimer acted as the agent for the collector WHELAN Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild (18 39 -18 9 8 ); Whelan is listed as a ‘dealer in ancient anc Rothschild’s notebook records purchases totalling modem coins’, at 46 Strand, London, in Tallis *£22,000. Ferdinand Rothschild recorded that he London Street Vietvs, 1838/1840. sold Mr. Wertheimer a pair of turquoise Sevres vases in 18 7 1 that he had previously acquired W H ITE, Thomas Henry from the dealer Alexander Barker (q.v.). Asher Thomas White is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ ai Wertheimer was part of the syndicate that 12 Cross Street, Newington, London, in Pigoti included Otto Gutkunsr (<7.1'.) that purchased the Director)’, 1839 and as ‘curiosity dealer’ at tht Francis Hope collection from Lord Francis same address in 18 4 1 and again in i860. Clinton-Hope, for a total of £ 12 1,5 5 0 , in 1898. In Samson Wertheimer’s will, drafted on 5* April W HITE, William 1889, he appointed Alfred Charles de Rothschild William White is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at of Halton House and Leopold de Rothschild of 19 Whitcomb Street, Haymarket, in Pigot’s Ascott, Wing, as executors; his will was proved on Director)’, 1839. 25* M ay 1892, (value £ 3 8 2 ,8 10 .4 5 ^ ). Samson Wertheimer died on 15 * January 18 9 2 and his W HITEHEAD, Thomas Miller collection was sold at auction by Messrs Christie, T.M . Whitehead was a collector and dealer who Manson & Woods in March 1892, realising over often made purchases on behalf of the South £57,000. The auction included, ‘a Village Fete, by Kensington Museum and the British Museum in D. Teniers, described in John Smith’s catalogue the 1 880s. T. M . Whitehead was recorded as the and formerly in the Knole collection’ (i,43ogns) buyer of at least five lots at the auction sale of the sold to Jackson; *a young woman in bed (the collection of Ralph Bemal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March artist’s housekeeper), by Rembrandt, signed and 18 5 5 , including ‘a gilt cup and cover, chased with dated 16 50 ’ (yooogns) sold to Haynes; ‘Lady three portraits of royal personages, probably l8 6 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE & CURIOSITY DEALER

Leopold II’ (lot 14 36 , £7.5.0.); ‘a carved ivory [John Charles Robinson, Catalogue o f the Special Exhibition grater, formed as an upright female figure in a Works o f Art...on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, (i 86: Clive Wainwright, The Romantic Interior, the British Collector Turkish or Armenian dress, early period’ (lot Home ryjo-i8yo, (1989), p. 112 ; Amin Jaffet; Furniture frt 16 39, £1.3.0.); ‘a Raphael-ware plate, Perseus British India and Ceylon, (2001). p. 142.) and Andromeda’ (lot 18 19 , £ 13.13.0 ). Whitehead made several purchases at the auction WHITTON, Thomas sale of the collection of Henry Farrer (q.v.) at The dealer John Coleman Isaac (q.v.) pai Christie’s in June 1866. Whitehead was also a Thomas Whirton for repairing and cleanir member of the syndicate at the Andrew Fountaine armour from 18 34 and also paid him to atter auction sale at Christie’s in 18 8 4 and was some suits of armour he loaned to the Cobui recorded as the buyer of three lots at the auction, Theatre in January 1836. including the ‘Reliquary of St. Lachteen, in the [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Sijf/AJjj, “waste book’, no_4< form of a hand and forearm of yew (?), covered Hanley Library, University of Southampton.] with bronze gilt and inlaid with silver...Ancient Irish work, probably 12 * century’ (lot 539 W ICK H AM , John Hedge £430.10.0.). John Hedge Wickham is listed as a ‘carver ar Whitehead was recorded as the buyer of at picture and curiosity dealer’ at 2 1 Wardour Stret least 67 lots at the auction sale of the contents London, in Pigot’s Directory, 1844/5. Wickhair of Hamilton Palace, 18 8 2, including ‘a portrait trade card (in the Landauer Collection at tl of Elizabeth Brandt, by Ruebens’ (lot 37, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) recon £1837.10 .0 .); ‘a Limoges enamel quadrangular that he bought or sold on commission ‘O plaque’ (lot 964, £367.10.0.); ‘a Louis X V pier- paintings, Carved Picture Frames, Antiqi table’ (lot 14 5 2 , £2016.0.0.) and the agate cup Furniture, Pier Tables, Brackets, Bronzes, Anciei made in 1 8 1 5 - 1 6 for the collector William Books, Armour, China etc’, he also advised th Beckford (176 0 -18 44) by James Aldridge (lot he would attend sales in London and tl 20 31, £535.10 .0 .), which he purchased as a 16 * provinces and was prepared to bid for items c century object, on behalf of the South Kensington commission. Museum (V & A 4 2 8 :1,2 -18 8 2 ). Whitehead was An advertisement in The Era, (August 17 * 185 also active at the sale of the Armour and Arms published an anonymous letter concerning Jol from the Collection of Lord Londesborough at Hedge Wickham, suggesting that he w; Christie’s in July 1888, purchasing ‘a folding steel dishonest: chair’ (£320.55) and ‘a steel morion’ (£100). ‘Sir, - allow me to refer to James Ward, keeping Whitehead loaned objects to several museum Betting List at Mrs Otley’s, tobacconist, No. exhibitions, including various objects to the Seymour-street, Euston-square. This said Jam Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art at the Ward began his career, to my knowledge, at No. South Kensington Museum in 18 6 2 and the Upper Albany Street, Regent’s Park, as tl Special Loan Exhibition of Works of Art of the enclosed card will show, in the name of Hedg Medieval Period at the South Kensington and, after letting several in the ‘hole’ to a larj Museum in 18 6 3. He loaned ‘a pair of 17 * amount, he became scarce. I afterwards hear 1 century Russian gold and enamelled earrings’ to him opening in various parts of the merropoli the Loan Exhibition of Ancient and Modern under different names, and at each place securii Jewellery at the South Kensington Museum in a tidy sum due to his dupes. The next place I he; 18 73 and a signet ring and a locket of ‘Prince of him, and see him, is at a tobacconist’s James and Prince Charles Stuart’ to the Exhibition Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, where, under tl of the Royal House of Stuart at the New Gallery name of McIntosh, he plays the same game. H in London in 1889. present place is N0.6, Seymour Street, Eustt Whitehead died in 1898 and Christie, Manson & Square, under the name of James Ward. He liv Woods sold the ‘Early English Pictures of T.M. at N 0.50, Judd Street, New Road, under tl Whitehead Esq.’ on 7* M ay 1898 and the ‘Choice name of Harrison; also an address, N 0.5 Collection of Objects, chiefly of the 16* century, Wardour Street, Soho, by the name of Wickhai silver, porcelain and decorative furniture of the But I have been informed, though I don’t kno late T.M. Whitehead’ on May io,b 1898. for a certainty, that he has run off from Seymo' Whitehead lived at Downs House, Cedars Road, Street, owing about £200, his usual sum, for bei Clapham Common. besides rent to the poor woman in the sho DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS 187

Thus, you will perceive, the said John Hedge talents are in constant requisition by those whe Wickham, alias John Hedge, alias Brown, alias best know how to appreciate merit and have tht McIntosh, also Jem Ward, and perhaps a lot best means of rewarding it. His collection ol more aliases, is receiving money without paying antiques, as well as his own works, is extensive it back. Cannot the law touch this system of and beautiful, and the kind way in which he receiving money under false pretences, as in other opens the fruitful stores of his mind to please hi< cases?’ visitors, renders his repository a pleasing resort.’ (Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (eds), Dictionary of [John Coleman Isaac archive, M Stjy/AJjj, no.36, Hartley English Furniture M aim . 16 6 0 - 18 4 0 , (1986).! Library, Universiry of Southampton; H. Bum, A ede. Strawberriarue, (1842); Henry T. Cooke, An Historical am Descriptive Guide to Warwick Castle, (1851).) WILKINSON According to John Claudius Loudon, writing in WILLIS, John 18 3 3 , Wilkinson traded from Oxford Street and John Willis is listed as a ‘curiosity dealer’ ai had ‘an extensive collection of Elizabethan and 2 Eyre Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory*, 18 32 Dutch furniture and carvings’. Wilkinson may be Willis is listed as ‘bow and arrow maker’ ai related to the Wilkinson family of cabinet­ 120 Chancery* Lane in Pigot’s Directory, 1839 anc makers and upholders who were established by by* 18 4 1 Willis is listed as ‘archery* warehouse 1760 in Moorfields. Thomas and William and ‘curiosity* dealer’ at the same address. Tht Wilkinson were listed as ‘cabinet makers, records of the Sun Fire Office record John Willi- upholsterers, auctioneers and appraisers’ at as ‘dealer in curiosities’ at 120 Chancery Lane ir 14 Ludgate Hill in Pigot’s Director)*, 18 39 and 18 3 7 . John was perhaps the father of Willian Wilkinson & Co ‘cabinetmakers’ continued to Willis (q.v.). trade at 8 Old Bond Street from 18 53 until 18 7 1. ‘Wilkinson’ is recorded as the buyer of at least WILLIS, William James 4 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Wiliam W ilis is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 43 Strawberry Hill in 18 4 2, including a painting, ‘a Southampton Row, London, in Kelly’s Directory Battle Piece, in black and gold, by Callot’ (lot 48, i860. The census returns for 18 6 1 list Willian 13 * day, £ 13 .1.6 .) and ‘a silver filigree basket or W ilis aged 56 as *Branch in the Archery Prints hamper with a cover’ (lot 101, i6A day, bom in London, together with his sons Alfred, j £2.10.0.). [John CLiudiii* Loudon. An Encyclopaedia o f Cottjge, Farm and ‘print and general dealer’ aged 30 and Thoma; Villa Architecture, (1833), p. 110 1, p. 1039; H. Bum. A edes ‘Branch in the Archery* Prints’ aged 22. Willian Strawherrianae, (1842); Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionjry was perhaps the son of John Willis (q.v.). o f Marked London Furniture, 1700-1840, (1996), p. 55-56.)

W ILLSO N, Samuel WILLCOX, James Morris Samuel W lson [sic] is listed as ‘curiosity* dealer’ a James Willcox is listed as ‘curiosity and picture 19 Castle Street, Leicester Square, London, ir dealer’ in Chapel Street, Warwick in Pigot’s Pigot’s Directory, 18 39 and Samuel Willson i: Director)*, 18 4 1. The dealer John Coleman Isaac listed as ‘curiosity* dealer’ at 14 Bear Street (q.v.) sold ‘M r Willcox’ ‘a large oak cabinet, Leicester Square in 18 4 1. By the mid 1850; inlaid with ebony, and three spears’ for £25.0.0. Wilson had moved to the Strand and Wilson i: in March 1836. ‘Willcox, Warwick’ bought two listed as ‘curiosity* dealer’ at 393 Strand in 18 6c lots at the auction sale of the contents of and at the same address in Kelly’s Directory, 1882 Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘a silver bottle Samuel appears to have been related to the moderr for essences and a small bust of Omphale, in and second hand furniture dealer Thomas Wilson bronze’ (lot 16, 15 * day, £4.14.6.). who traded during the first quarter of th< Henry Cooke’s Historical Guide to Warwick nineteenth-century and is believed to hav< Castle (18 5 1) describes Willcox’s shop; ‘in the commenced business in 18 18 . Thomas Wilson firs present age of Elizabethan revival, it would be appears in trade directories in 18 2 1, when hi unpardonable on our parts to omit conducting was trading from Little Queen Street and latei our readers to Mr Willcox’s cabinet of moved to 68 Great Queen Street. During 1830-3^ Elizabethan gems, in Chapel Street. To a fine the business was continued by* Thomas’s wife imaginary* fancy M r Willcox combines rare talent, Mary* Wilson and by 1838 their son Matthew tool superior execution and a keen eye to his future over the business, which continued until 1854 fame; his carvincs are finished specimens, and his T. WILLSON 68 GREAT QUEEN STREE1 188 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE 8c CURIOSITY DEALERS

LO N D O N ’ and ‘M .W ILLSON’ can sometimes be Davies q.v.) in March 18 33 that he managed to found stamped on late eighteenth and nineteenth- ‘get out of a deal with Wimpfen’ for some pictures century furniture. Willson continued the firm into he had agreed to buy, because, as he wrote, ‘the the twentieth-century as Willson Brothers. fact is we cannot sell any pictures’. And later in ‘Willson, Strand’ made a considerable number of August 18 45, Isaac records that he purchased ‘7 purchases (at least 87 lots) at the auction sale of silvered metal dishes (rather pretty) for £2.10 .0 .’ the collection of Ralph Bernal (1783-1854) in from Wimpfen 8c Goldsmidr. In another letter March 1855, including ‘six Sevres plates’ ((01465, Isaac mentions that Wimpfen 8c Goldsmidt £7.12.6); ‘a Limoges enamel oblong plaque, with *know all the dealers’ in Germany. On the 5* Magdalen in the desert, signed I.L.’ (lot 1510, September 18 5 7 Isaac records that ‘my old friend £8.10.0.); ‘a very interesting Reliquaire, in the M r Wimpfen in Frankfurt A M died about 3 form of a circular tower’ (lot 1300, £10.10.0. months ago, he has left a great deal of money.’ illustrated in the catalogue); 'a clock, in a metal- Uohn Coleman Isaac archive, AIS139M/33, “waste book', no.467, gilt case’ (lot 3981, £5.0.0.); ‘a carved oak no. 12, no.70, no.92, Hartley Library, University of Southampton.] armchair, with openwork back, surmounted by lions, and seat of tapestry’ (lot 4281, £3.0.0.). WINSTANLEY, Thomas ‘Willson 8c Son’ are also recorded as the buyers of Thomas Winstanley was an auctioneer dealer 15 lots at the auction sale of the contents of trading at Church Street, Liverpool in the 1820s Hamilton Palace in 1882, including ‘an Old and 1830s. Thomas Winstanley (together with Dresden porcelain globular bottle’ (lot 1239, William Carver Crole), ‘auctioneers, brokers, £12.12.0.); ‘a Frankenthal figure of a Boy’ (lot dealers, chapmen and copartners’, were declared 1714, £7.7.0.) and ‘a pair of Limoges enamel bankrupt sometime in January 1820. candlesticks’ (lot 1838, £16.16.0.). Willson 8c Son are also recorded as the buyers of at least 8 W IN TER , James lots at the auction sale of the collection of Andrew James Winter was established as a retailer of Fountaine in 1884, including ‘an Urbino Dish furniture at 10 7 Wardour Street, London, by [painted with] Moses and the Israelites gathering 18 2 3. Winter is listed as ‘Furniture Broker’ at 10 1 Manna’ (lot 57, £36.15.0.), and ‘an Urbino Dish Wardour Street in Pigot’s Director)’, 18 32 . In John [painted with] six figures, with a centaur killed by Tallis’ London Street Views, 1838/40, Winter’s an arrow in the foreground’ (lot 49, £37.16.0.). shop is recorded at 10 7 Wardour Street and is The collector A W Franks (1826-1897) bought described as ‘second hand furniture warehouse’ some Chinese porcelain from ‘Wilson [sic] of the (figure 9). Winter is recorded as trading from 100 Strand’ in 1880. ‘The first portion of the very 8c 10 1 Wardour Street in 1844/5. Winter is listed extensive stock of Messrs Willson 8c Co, curiosity as ‘upholsterer’ at 100 8c 10 1 Wardour Street in dealers, 393 Strand, by direction of the executors Kelly’s Directory, 1852. James Winter was of the senior partner, deceased’, was sold by Treasurer and Hon. Secretary of the Furniture M r Foster, on 22^ April, 1880. The auction Brokers Benevolent Institution, established 18 39 , comprised, ‘antique carved, marquetrie and buhl at 10 1 Wardour Street. furniture, Old Dresden, Sevres, Oriental 8c The census returns for 18 6 1 record that 100 8c English China, majolica, bronzes, clocks etc’. 10 1 Wardour Street are occupied by James Winter (Frederick Litchfield, Pottery and Porcelain, a Guide to Collectors, aged 60 ‘furniture dealer’ together with his wife (1879), p. 32.3; Geoffrey Wills, Thomas Willson’, Furniture Mary (61) and sons James (39) and Henry (30) and H istory, vol.X, (1974), pp. 78-79; Christopher Gilbert, P ictorial daughter Martha (34), all listed as ‘furniture Dictionary o f marked London furniture, 1700-1840, (1996), p. 56; Jessica Harrison-Hall, ‘Oriental Pottery and Porcelain, in dealers’. The business survived until 1870 when it Marjorie Caygill Sc John Cherty (eds.), A.W. Franks, Nineteenth- was operating at 1 5 1 , 1 5 3 and 15 5 Wardour Street century collecting and the British Museum, (1997), pp. 220-129, (re-numbered). Winter sold modem and second­ p. 215.] hand furniture and a number of pieces of eighteenth and nineteenth-century furniture have drawers WIMPFEN 8c GOLDSMIDT stamped ‘JAMES WINTER 101 WARDOUR ST. Wimpfen and Goldsmidt were curiosity dealers (Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial Dictionary of marked London trading in Frankfurt, Germany in the opening furniture 1700-1840, (1996), p. 47.J decades of the nineteenth-century. Goldsmidt had dealings with the dealer Abraham Davies (q.v.) W il l, William Frederick from at least 18 16 and the dealer John Coleman William Frederick Witt is listed as ‘curiosity Isaac (q.v.) continued the trading relationship. dealer’ at 65 Union Street, St Helen’s, Isle of Isaac recorded in a letter to his wife Sarah (nee Wight, in the Post Office Directory for 18 75. DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS 185

WISE, William Woodgate is recorded as the buyer of at least 3c William Wise is recorded as ‘dealer in pictures lots at the auction sale of the collection of Ralph and curiosities' at 16 1 Piccadilly, London, in the Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 5 5 , including ‘a records of the Sun Fire Office in 1826. Halberd, engraved with a figure in the costume ol the time’ (lot 2378, £ 12 .12 .0 . illustrated in the WOLF, Henry catalogue), ‘a cross bow, the stock inlaid with Henry Wolf is listed as ‘curiosity dealer and ivory’ carvings of figures’ (lot 2493, £5.0.0.) and a jeweller’ at 6 Windsor Street, Plymouth, Devon in ‘German glass bocale’ (short tumbler), painted White’s Directory, 1878. with ‘ figures feasting and musicians’ (lot 2889. £0.19.0.). ‘T.W.Woodgate’ is recorded as the buyei of ‘a toiler-cover of crimson silk and old point WOLF, Mrs Julia lace’ (loti 268, £278.5.0.) at the auction of tht Mrs Julia Wolf is listed as ‘dealer in works of art’ contents of Hamilton Palace in 1882. at 7 Vere Street, Oxford Street, London, in Kelly’s In an advertisement by Woodgate, in the Art Directory, 1882- Journal in July i860, he described himself as ‘Antique Furniture and Curiosity’ Dealer, Importei WOLF, Louis of Works of Art and Antiquities’, and announced. Louis Wolf is recorded as a dealer in Dresden, ‘Woodgate’s extensive collection of works of art, ai Germany, the novelist Honore de Balzac 94, 95, & 96, High Holbom, consists of a valuable (179 9 -18 5 0 ) made substantial purchases from assortment of very’ rare Old Point Lace; fine antique Wolf in 1848. Leigh, Sotheby & Wilkinson, sold Plate; Sevres, Dresden, Oriental and Chelsea China, the ‘small, but valuable collection of coins, the Old Palissy; Raffaelle Ware Enamels, Ivories, property’ of M . Louis Wolf, of Lausanne, at their Marbles. Wedgwood Paintings, Armour, Bronzes, rooms in Wilkinson Street’ in 18 6 1. and all articles of Vertu; Old Buhl and Marqueterie [Werner Muemterberger, Collecting, an unruly passion - Cabinets, Clocks, and Candelabras, one of which is psychologicalperspectices, (1994), pp. 13 1- j.] the Cupid and Psyche Clock, by Canova...also a large collection of Richly Carved Oak, Dining- WOLF, Shriener Room, Library’, and Decorative Furniture.’ In the Shriener Wolf is listed as ‘curiosity’ dealer’ at same advertisement Woodgate also announced the 7 Albert Place, Manchester, in Whellan’s sale of the ‘Warrington State Bedstead, from the Directory, 18 53. Manchester Exhibition...having purchased the Bedstead, considerably under its original cost is WOLFSOHN now enabled to dispose of it at one third the sum Wolfsohn is recorded by the collector Lady refused for it in the Exhibition.’ The bedstead was Charlotte Schreiber (18 12 -18 9 5 ) in her diaries in made by the Welsh furniture designer Anthony 1869 as a curiosity* dealer trading in Dresden, Charles Richards (18 2 3 - died after 1883) and had Germany. been displayed at the Manchester Art Treasures (Montague Guest, (ed.), Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, Exhibition in 18 5 7 and in 1858 was subsequently (i ” )-l 9 put up as prize in a lottery. A receipt from Thomas Woodgate, dated 28* December 1859 and for a WOOD, John ‘Finely Carved Antique Looking Glass’ exists in the John Wood is lisred as a ‘curiosity dealer’ at 148 John Johnson Collection of Ephemera at the Fenchurch Street, London, in Pigot’s Directory, Bodleian Library’, Oxford (figure 38). Woodgate 18 32. Wood is listed as ‘dealer in foreign birds may be the dealer satirised as ‘Mr. Steelstyle’ by and curiosities’ at 16 1 Fenchurch Street in 1839 Sydney Whiting in a sardonic essay published in and 18 4 1. Wood is listed as ‘dealer in Fringe’ at Once a Week in April 1862; Whiting described ‘Mr. 16 1 Fenchurch Street in Tallis’s London Street Steelstyle’ as * a dealer in curiosities, who began life Vietvs, 1838/1840. as the keeper of a small bric-a-brac shop in Ovid Row’ but whose ‘dingy little shop has grown into WOODGATE, Thomas W the most extensive premises in London for the Thomas W. Woodgate is listed as ‘antique display of goods of a decorative character, and furniture dealer’ at 93 to 96 High Holbom, articles of vertu, and he also employs more hands London, in Kelly’s Directory, i860 & 1870. than anyone else in manufacturing at the present Thomas Woodgate is listed as a subscriber to day genuine anrique articles of every’ description.’ William Chaffers Marks and Monograms on [Sydney Whiting, ‘Bric-a-Brac\ Once a Week, April j* 1861, pp. Pottery and Porcelain (1863). 401-407.I 190 DICTIONARY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY ANTIQUE Sc CURIOSITY DEALERS

W O O LLATT, Samuel James census returns for 17 Wardour Street in 1861 list Samuel Woollatt (d.1855) is listed as ‘dealer in John Wright as ‘ upholsterer*, aged 48 bom curiosities’ at 13 New Bond Street, London, in Marylebone and William Wright (age not Tallis’ London Street Vietvs, 1838/1840 . Samuel recorded) ‘upholsterer’, together with his sons James Woollatt had earlier traded as ‘tea Sc coffee William (32), Frederick (29) and Edman (20) all rooms’ at 1 2 Goodge Street and is listed at this ‘upholsterers’ at 22 Wardour Street. By 1870 they address in Pigot’s Director)', 1839. Woollatt is were trading at 22, 23 8c 27 Wardour Street and listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at 28 Wardour Street in in Kelly’s Director)-, 1878-82 William 8c Frederick Pigot’s Directory, 18 4 4 ,18 4 6 and 18 5 2 (figure 10). Wright, ‘antique furniture dealers, art dealers 8c The dealer Samuel Litchfield (q.v.) took rooms at importers’ are listed at 22, 23, 142 8c 144 Samuel Woollatt’s Goodge Street premises in the Wardour Street. William 8c Frederick Wright at late 1830s and Samuel Woollatt’s step-daughter 142 8c 144 Wardour Street, and John Wright at Catherine Collings (18 17 -18 8 5 ) married Samuel 134 Wardour Street, ‘antique furniture dealers’ in Litchfield in 1846. Woollatt died in Bow Lunatic Kelly’s Director)', 1882. Asylum in 18 5 5 and in November 18 5 7 Samuel At the auction of the contents of Strawberry Hill Litchfield sold his father-in-law’s stock; ‘the in 18 4 2 Wright bought a ‘drawing of the Virgin trustees of the late M r Woollatt, 28 Wardour and Child’, formerly in the collection of Gaston Street wishing to avoid a sale by auction, are Due d’Orleans, (lot 7, 11“ day, £14.14$.). determined to sell the whole stock, at a very great ‘Wright, of Wardour Street’ made just one reduction’. The stock consisted of ‘cabinets, purchase at the auction sale of the contents at tables, and other objects in Buhl and Stowe in 1848, a portrait of ‘Lord Combury’ (lot marqueterie...Sevres, Dresden, and oriental china, 16 , 2 i “ day, £5.15.0.). Wright is listed as a buyer stained glass windows...and a small and choice of at least 8 lots at the auction sale of the collection of ancient paintings.’ collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March [Information on the family history of Samuel Woollatt kindly supplied by Anne Carwardine.] 18 5 5 , including ‘a Limoges enamel plate, painted with the Temptation of Adam and Eve’ signed W OOLM ER, Elizabeth by ‘P. Corteys’ (lot 1483, £21.0.0.) and a Elizabeth Woolmer is listed as a ‘curiosity, shell or ‘beautiful Flemish boxwood carving’ of the Virgin picture dealer’ at 17 9 High Street, Shadwell, (lot 16 5 7 , £7.5.0.). London, in the Post Office Directory for 18 26 W. Thrale Wright of 144 Wardour Street, may and 1836 . possibly have sold a ‘Jacobean* panelled room to the American collector Mrs Timothy Lawrence in W ORTH, William 1876 . The room is now in the Boston Museum of William Worth is listed as ‘antique dealer’ at Bull Fine Arts. James Wright aged 29, second son of Ring, Great Grimsby in Kelly’s Directory, 1889. William Thrale Wright, died on 26* July, 18 59 at Ramsgate. A Louis X V style writing table bearing W RIGHT, William, S., John 8c Frederick the label ‘ From W 8c J Wright’s Oak and William Thrale Wright is listed as ‘carver and Marqueterie Furniture Warehouses, 27 and 22 gilder’ at 22 Wardour Street, London, in Pigot’s Wardour Street, Soho, London’ is known to exist. [Clive Wainwright, Directory, 18 39 and was recorded as carver and The Romantic Interior, the British collector at home i7 jo -rS jo , (1989), p. 56; Christopher Gilbert, Pictorial gilder to HRH Princess Sophia Matilda. John Dictionary of marked London furniture 1700-1840, (1996), p. Wright ‘picture restorer’ and W. Wright ‘carver 57; John Harris, Afon'nj Rooms: the trade in architectural salvage, and gilder’ are listed at 22 Wardour Street in (1007), p. 101.] Tallis’s London Street Views, 1838/40. William Wright is listed as ‘antique furniture dealers and cabinet makers’ and ‘ancient furniture importers’ at 26 Wardour Street in 1844. The Wrights traded from three addresses in Wardour Street in the 1850s, at numbers 20, 22 8c 27, which comprised premises in which the Wright family lived together with workshops, warehouses and a yard. The ZEN Plates’ (lot 43, iz A day, £3.15.0.); ‘a pair of very ‘M r Zen’ was a dealer in Venice, Italy, in the rare Raphael ware plates representing the seasons 1840s and 1850s. The dealer John Coleman Isaac of July and December’ (lot 64, i2 A day, £7.17.6.); [q.v.) bought articles from ‘M r Zen’ in the early ‘a pair of antique fire dogs of or-molu, 1840s, but by 1844, Isaac writes that Zen had representing arms and trophies, on scroll stands’ ‘left off dealing and sold stationary and colours (lot 1, 16* day, £11.0.0.); ‘a beautiful Persian for artists’. However, it is clear that Zen Shield, made of a Rhinoceros’ hide’ (lot 65, 19* continued to trade in curiosities; Isaac wrote that day, £8.18.6.), and ‘a pair of very curious old he had ‘ bought a trifle for one Napoleon’ from Venetian glass bottles, mounted with silver’ (lot M r Zen in September 1845. 18, 2 3rd day, £11.0 .6.). Isaac also records that in 18 5 7 John Webb (<7.1’.) ‘M r G Zimmerman’ is listed as a subscriber to the bought some bottles from M r Zen, which Webb Stowe Catalogue Priced and Annotated (1848) asked Isaac if he would send back to England. and is also recorded as buying at least 7 1 lots at Otto Miindler (18 11-18 7 0 ) , the German art the Stowe sale, including ‘a tea-pot, of oriental dealer and historian, recorded extensive dealings white ware, with a gilt spout...and 28 pieces of with an art dealer named ‘M r Zen’ during curious white ware’ (lot 9, £3.4.0.); ‘a blue and 18 56 -5 8 , whilst Mundler was a travelling agent gold oval enamelled snuff box’, (lot 458, for the National Gallery in London. £ 12.15.0 .); and ‘a small obelisk, of rosso antico (John Coleman Isaac archive, MS139M/53, no.64, no.73, no.102, marble’, (lot 683, £8.10.0.). ‘S. Zimmerman’ is Hartley Library, University of Southampton. The Travel Diary of Otto Miindler, The Walpole Society, volume LI, (1985), pp. also listed as the purchaser of at least 17 lots at 69-154, passim.] the auction sale of the collection of Ralph Bernal (17 8 3 -18 5 4 ) in March 18 55 , including ‘a large ZENOPE silver gilt drinking cup, date about 16 20 ’ (lot The writer Herbert Byng-Hall recorded that 14 2 5 , £32.10.0.); ‘a cup and saucer, enamelled on Zenope was an Armenian curiosity dealer trading silver, of Dresden work’ (lot 15 78 , £41.0.0.) and at the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul in 1868. Byng-Hall ‘a small sword, about 16 10 ’ signed by ‘Biscotto’ writes that ‘M r Zenope’ is a ‘most respectable (lot 2440, £19.0.0.). Zimmerman also bought an Armenian. If you visit StamboL.go direct to him, altarpiece ‘ German, work of the 15 * century’ place yourself unreservedly in his hands...’. from A.W .N. Pugin’s ( 18 12 -18 5 2 ) effects at (Herbert Byng Hall, Confessions of a Bric-a-Brac Hunter, Sotheby’s in 18 53. (186S), p. 56.I The annual report for the Department of Science Z IM M ER M A N , Godfrey and Simon and Art in 18 54 , which lists all the purchases for Zimmerman is listed as ‘curiosity dealer and the South Kensington Museum, recorded the jeweller’ at 48 Albany Street, Regent’s Park, purchase of ‘a snuff box in chased and pierced London, in Pigot’s Director)', 18 39 and ‘curiosity steel, d 660’ (£7.0.0.) from ‘Mr. Zimmerman’. dealer’ at the same address in 18 4 1 and also in ‘Zimmerman, of Bond Street’, also exhibited plate Kelly’s Director)-, 1846. The census for 18 6 1 and jeweller)’ at the Great Exhibition of 18 5 1. recorded Godfrey Zimmerman, ‘Jeweller and The ‘S. Zimmerman collection’ was sold at Curiosity Dealer’ (aged 70) at 38 Old Bond Street, auction in Paris in 18 75 . [H. Bum, Aedes Strau-berrianae, (1842).] together with his wife Martha (aged 68); Godfrey was bom in Germany his wife in Yarmouth. ZISSLER, Christian In February 18 5 2 ‘Godfrey and Simon Christian Zissler is listed as ‘curiosity dealer’ at Zimmermann of 38 Old Bond Street, jewellers and 353 Cambridge Road, London, in Kelly’s curiosity dealers, and co-partners in trade’, were Directory, 1882. assigned ‘William Charman, 63 Berwick Street, diamond merchant’, as a trustee for himself and the rest of the creditors of ‘G & S Zimmermann’. Zimmerman is listed as the buyer of at least 37 lots at the auction sale of the contents of Strawberry Hill in 1842, including ‘six extremely rare and curious Old Venetian Glass Dessert