Alien Heteroptera in Belgium: a Threat for Our Biodiversity Or Agroforestry?*
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©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at Andrias 20 (2014): 51-55; Karlsruhe, 1.12.2014 51 Alien Heteroptera in Belgium: a threat for our biodiversity or agroforestry?* MICHEL DETHIER & FRÉ D ÉRIC CHÉROT Abstract documented and analyzed in European e.g. During the two past decades, various nonindigenous species of Heteroptera (Insecta, Hemiptera) were col- Austria (RA B ITSCH 2008), Great Britain (KIR B Y et lected for the first time in Belgium. We provide an an- al. 2001), The Netherlands (AU K E M A 2003) and notated checklist of these exotic species and we briefly foreign countries e.g. Canada (WHEELER et al. discuss the potential consequences of their presence 2006). The estimation of the magnitude of the- in our country. se changes, their causes, and their ecological consequences are not always easy to establish. Keywords: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Belgium, alien Some authors proposed a methodological ap- species. proach, dividing the set of all species of an area or country into different categories (KIR B Y et al. Kurzfassung 2001, DETHIER & BAUGNÉE 2002): Exotische Wanzen (Insecta: Heteroptera) in Bel- gien: Eine Bedrohung für unsere Artenvielfalt oder – Species known for a long time, without signifi- Land- und Forstwirtschaft? cant alterations of occurrences and distribution. Während der letzten beiden Jahrzehnte sind mehrere – Species known for a long time (for example: nichteinheimische Arten von Wanzen (Insecta: Hetero- XIXth century) but that appear to have recently ptera) neu in Belgien aufgetreten. Wir stellen diese expanded or reduced their range. Arten mit kurzen Kommentaren vor und besprechen – Species recently discovered but known for kurz die möglichen Auswirkungen ihres Auftretens in many years in the surrounding areas and pro- Belgien. bably overlooked in the past (for taxonomical or biological reasons). Authors – Finally “exotic” species recently arrived. The Dr. MICHEL DETHIER , Agro Bio Tech Gembloux, Universi- ty of Liège, B-4030 Liège; exotic species could have been introduced by E-Mail: [email protected]. man, voluntary or accidentally, or could have Dr. FRÉ D ÉRIC CHÉROT , Direction de la Nature et de l’Eau, altered their range themselves. They can be DEMNA, DG03, SPW, B-5030 Gembloux; classified according to their origins or accor- E-Mail: [email protected] ding to the stage of their colonization (first arrival, establishment of a viable population, expansion of the species etc.). Introduction In the present work, we focus on this last catego- Ten years ago, BAUGNÉE et al. (2003) published ry. We provide an annotated checklist of the exo- a list including 624 species of Heteroptera (In- tic species collected in Belgium during the two secta, Hemiptera) for Belgium. Today, the spe- past decades presented by chronological order cific richness of our fauna is higher. The family of the first occurrence and we briefly discuss the Miridae alone accounts at least 15 additional potential consequences of their presence in our species. Among these new species for the country. country, we observe numerous “exotic” spe- cies, most of them originating from the Medi- Results terranean region, the remainder coming from Nezara viridula (LINNAEUS , 1758) (Pentatomidae). other continents, including North America and This big green bug was reported in Belgium for Southeast Asia. the first time by SCH M ITZ (1986), who found a Several recent changes in the local Heteroptero- male collected in Auderghem in 1950! Later GAL - fauna – including arrival of alien species – were LANT (1996) and DETHIER & GALLANT (1998) pub- lished six additional occurrences. Nowadays, specimens are frequently found in student col- lections preserved at AgroBioTech (Gembloux) * Dr. CHRISTIAN RIEGER , honouring his 70th birthday. or mentioned on several Internet Web sites. ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 52 Andrias 20 (2014) This bug is now present in all the tropical and Xylocoris afer (REUTER , 1884) (Anthocoridae). In subtropical regions (Indo-australian, Ethiopian, the harbour of Antwerp, on tropical woods im- Nearctic and Palearctic). In Europe, the species ported from Gabon, in 2006 and 2009 (CHÉROT is reported from the whole Mediterranean basin et al. 2011). and the Balkan region. It is a pest on cultivated Corytucha ciliata (SAY , 1832) (Tingidae). Since plants favored by tropical green-houses, probably 2006 and 2007 in Antwerp (several places); also introduced in numerous areas by importation of in Brussels (2007) and East Flanders (2008) fruits and vegetables, but is also able to colonize (AU K E M A et al. 2007, 2009). Since, found in nu- remote places due to its flying abilities. merous other places. This Nearctic species (the Deraeocoris flavilinea (COSTA , 1860) (Miridae). genus is restricted to the New World) was cited Collected for the first time in Belgium in 1994, for the first time in Europe (Italy) in 1964 (SERVA - this bug was regarded as endemic in Italy until D EI 1966). Today, C. ciliata is present everywhere its recent extension in Western Europe (CHÉROT in South, Central and East Europe. The species 1998). is a pest on different species of planetrees, espe- Tuponia hippophaes (FIE B ER , 1861) (Miridae). cially in the U.S.A. The sucking on the underside Collected for the first time in Belgium onTamarix of the leaves induce the appearance of mould. sp. in great numbers at De Panne, West Flanders Amphiareus obscuriceps (PO pp IUS , 1909) (An- in August 2003 (CHÉROT & BAUGNÉE 2004); also re- thocoridae). In the provinces of East Flanders, cently found in the province of Namur (CLAER B OUT Antwerp and Liège since 2007 (AU K E M A et al. leg. and in litt.). Originating from the Mediterra- 2007). From Japan, Korea, South Siberia, Ne- nean basin, Eastern and Central Europe and liv- pal… First record in Europe in 1987 (PÉRICART & ing on Tamarix spp. – a genus not indigenous in STEHLI K 1998) and today all over the continent. Belgium, sometimes planted in gardens. The bug preys upon tiny insects (such as Pso- Stephanitis takeyai DRA K E & MAA , 1955 (Tingi- coptera) in dead organic matter. dae). Observed first in Belgium in 2003 and 2004 Arocatus longiceps STÅL , 1872 (Lygaeidae). In in the provinces of East Flanders, Antwerp and Belgium since at least 2007, found also in 2008 Limburg (AU K E M A et al. 2005a); the species has and 2009 in the provinces of West and East Flan- been known in Europe since 1994 (AU K E M A 1996). ders, Antwerp and Liège (AU K E M A et al. 2009). This Japanese bug lives on Pieris japonica, an From Southeastern Europe (remarkable expan- ornamental plant frequently imported for garden- sion since 1995), Caucasus, Near and Middle ing. Presently S. takeyai is present in India, North East. On planetrees, where nymphs and adults America and, in Europe, in The Netherlands, feed mainly on seeds. Very close to A. roeselii Belgium, Italy, Germany and Great Britain. The (SCHILLING , 1829), much rarer in Belgium (AU K E M A sucking induces yellowing and leaf drop. et al. 2007). Nysius huttoni F. B. WHITE 1878 (Lygaeidae). First Tupiocoris rhododendri (DOLLING , 1972) (Miri- records in Belgium in West and East Flanders dae). In East-Flanders, Antwerp and Brabant, in and in Brabant in 2003-2004. In The Netherlands 2007 (AU K E M A et al. 2007). Prey upon other small since 2002 (AU K E M A et al. 2005b, 2007). Imported insects in the terminal buds of rhododendrons. from New Zealand, where N. huttoni is an eco- Originated from the eastern U.S.A. but described nomically important species. In New Zealand, from London (DOLLING 1972). several cultivated plants including Brassica sp., Leptoglossus occidentalis HEI D E M ANN , 1910 (Co- lucerne, clover and wheat are attacked. Control is reidae). In Belgium since 2007 (Ostend, West difficult because usually the bug feeds on weedy and East Flanders). Since 2008 in the provin- plants of waste lots and roadsides in the vicinity ces of Antwerp and Namur and now all over the of fields and only migrates to crops in dry years. country (AU K E M A & LIE B EER 2007, AU K E M A , BRUERS Dyroderes umbraculatus (FA B RICIUS , 1775) (Pen- & VIS K ENS 2009, CHÉROT et al. 2013, CLAERE B OUT tatomidae). Observed for the first time in Belgium 2011). CHÉROT et al. mention 392 observations in in 2004 and subsequently in 2005, in a nature our country and note that during 2010-2011 the reserve near Brussels (the “Moeraske”, i.e. the expansion of the species was exponential. L. oc little marsh) (BRAC K E et al. 2006). D. umbraculatus cidentalis originated from the western U.S.A. but is a Mediterranean and an East European spe- since the fifties, the species expanded eastward. cies living on different Galium species. Its north- It was discovered for the first time in Europe in bound expansion is perhaps natural (BRAC K E et 1999 near the harbour of Venice (Italy). Today al. 2006). the species is present everywhere in South and ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at DETHIER & CHÉROT : Alien Heteroptera in Belgium 53 Central Europe. L. occidentalis is considered by climatic changes (D. umbraculatus, N. viri as a pest in North America because it feeds on dula, R. nebulosa), most of the exotic species sprouts and seeds of different conifers (mainly observed in our country during the two past de- Pinus) but also in California on Pistacia vera. cades were introduced accidentally by man as a Up to now, no damages have been observed consequence of ornamental plants (for example in Europe. The bug flies well and overwinters in D.