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Japan Between the Wars
JAPAN BETWEEN THE WARS The Meiji era was not followed by as neat and logical a periodi- zation. The Emperor Meiji (his era name was conflated with his person posthumously) symbolized the changes of his period so perfectly that at his death in July 1912 there was a clear sense that an era had come to an end. His successor, who was assigned the era name Taisho¯ (Great Righteousness), was never well, and demonstrated such embarrassing indications of mental illness that his son Hirohito succeeded him as regent in 1922 and re- mained in that office until his father’s death in 1926, when the era name was changed to Sho¯wa. The 1920s are often referred to as the “Taisho¯ period,” but the Taisho¯ emperor was in nominal charge only until 1922; he was unimportant in life and his death was irrelevant. Far better, then, to consider the quarter century between the Russo-Japanese War and the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident of 1931 as the next era of modern Japanese history. There is overlap at both ends, with Meiji and with the resur- gence of the military, but the years in question mark important developments in every aspect of Japanese life. They are also years of irony and paradox. Japan achieved success in joining the Great Powers and reached imperial status just as the territo- rial grabs that distinguished nineteenth-century imperialism came to an end, and its image changed with dramatic swiftness from that of newly founded empire to stubborn advocate of imperial privilege. Its military and naval might approached world standards just as those standards were about to change, and not long before the disaster of World War I produced revul- sion from armament and substituted enthusiasm for arms limi- tations. -
Traffic Safety Resource Guide
TRAFFIC SAFETY RESOURCE GUIDE International Association of Chiefs of Police TRAFFIC SAFETY RESOURCE GUIDE TRAFFIC SAFETY RESOURCE GUIDE Cover Images Credits: National Sheriffs’ Association and the New York State Police Version: December 8, 2017 @ 1100 hrs. Disclaimer: This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE 1 TRAFFIC SAFETY RESOURCE GUIDE TRAFFIC SAFETY RESOURCE GUIDE INTRODUCTION Police officers in the United States today know all too and others who best understand what the key issues are. well how challenging it has become to ensure the safe The IACP has learned anecdotally that police officers movement of traffic on the roadways. Factors such have been known to carry the Guide in their patrol vehicle as distracted driving, both alcohol and drug-impaired trunk, while at the same time, police chiefs use the Guide motorists, an increase in total miles driven, and newly in planning for meetings with their city manager, elected emerging considerations such as autonomous vehicles, officials, and community groups. -
Responders' Manual
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE MANUAL RESPONDERS’ MANUAL CHAPTER I BACKGROUND GENERAL – The Philippine National Police is mandated to enforce the law, maintain peace and order, protect life and property, ensure public safety with the active support of the community. The patrol elements composed of the foot and mobile patrols are the most ubiquitous members of the force and are synonymous to police presence. They are the ones who almost always arrive first at the scene of the crime in response to calls for police assistance. Being the “First Responders,” it is imperative that patrol officers are able to identify violations of law, bring criminals to justice, collect and preserve pieces of evidence, and assist in the prosecution of offenders. 2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE Purpose - This First Responders Handbook provides guidance for patrol officers and other members of the force who respond to the scene of a disaster or other emergency as enumerated in the succeeding pages. It assists them in establishing on-scene command, formulating a situation estimate, alerting others to the condition of emergency, and guides them what to do and how to do it when faced by specific situations. Scope - The handbook discusses the policies, procedures, measures and safety considerations governing the commitment of police patrols in the interest of public order and safety. The procedure should be applied where possible to offenses and situations listed. A modification of some procedures may be necessary because of particular circumstances, however, most will apply in a majority of cases. 3. THINGS AND EQUIPMENT A MOBILE CAR SHOULD HAVE Radio - exclusive channels, call sign, etc Siren Notebook, pen, etc Megaphone/ PA system Photo equipment Hand cuff Whistle Fingerprint equipment Reports format (Traffic accident report, Tech Inspection Report, etc) j. -
Record of the Istanbul Process 16/18 for Combating Intolerance And
2019 JAPAN SUMMARY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EVENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 PLENARY SESSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 7 LAUNCHING THE 2019 G20 INTERFAITH FORUM.......................................................................... 7 FORMAL FORUM INAUGURATION – WORKING FOR PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET: CHALLENGES TO THE G20 ............................................................................................................... 14 WHY WE CAN HOPE: PEACE, PEOPLE, AND PLANET ................................................................. 14 ACTION AGENDAS: TESTING IDEAS WITH EXPERIENCE FROM FIELD REALITIES ........... 15 IDEAS TO ACTION .............................................................................................................................. 26 TOWARDS 2020 .................................................................................................................................... 35 CLOSING PLENARY ............................................................................................................................ 42 PEACE WORKING SESSIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 FROM VILE TO VIOLENCE: FREEDOM OF RELIGION & BELIEF & PEACEBUILDING ......... 53 THE DIPLOMACY OF RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING .................................................................. -
Safety Guide for Pleasure Craft Edition 9
SAFETY GUIDE FOR PLEASURE CRAFT EDITION 9 KNOW WHAT FLOATS YOUR BOAT SAFETY EQUIPMENT TABLE - to be carried on board Inland Intermediate Open waters waters waters One approved personal flotation device for each person ✔ ✔ ✔ on board One anchor fitted with not less than 3 metres of chain ✔ ✔ ✔ shackled between the anchor and rope of not less than (Two if vessel is (Two if 50 metres overall length over 10 metres vessel is in length) over 10 metres in length) Two paddles or oars fitted with rowlocks for all vessels ✔ ✔ ✔ under 5 metres in length unless fitted with an auxiliary means of propulsion One bailer (fitted with lanyard) orbilge pump. A bilge pump is ✔ ✔ ✔ required for all vessels with covered bilges. Fresh drinking water in a leak proof container (two litres for ✔ ✔ ✔ each person on board) One waterproof torch ✔ ✔ ✔ Two red flares – ✔ ✔ SAFETY EQUIPMENT TABLE Inland Intermediate Open waters waters waters Two orange smoke signals – ✔ ✔ One V distress sheet – ✔ ✔ Portable fire extinguisher (one if the vessel is between – ✔ ✔ 5 and 10 metres in length / two if the vessel is over 10 metres in length. Not required for vessels under 5 metres.) Two 9L buckets with lanyards for vessels over 10 metres – ✔ ✔ in length One compass or operational GPS – – ✔ Electronic or paper chart for the area of intended operation – – ✔ One lifebuoy (for vessels over 10 metres) – – ✔ One registered EPIRB – – ✔ 1 CONTENTS About the Marine Safety Branch 4 Navigation lights 22 Boating rules in the NT 5 Some light on the subject 22 Interstate marine authorities -
The Effectiveness of Police Accountability Mechanisms and Programs What Works and the Way Ahead
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS AND PROGRAMS WHAT WORKS AND THE WAY AHEAD August 2020 DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS AND PROGRAMS WHAT WORKS AND THE WAY AHEAD Contract No. AID-OAA-I-13-00032, Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-14-00041 Cover photo (top left): An Egyptian anti-Mubarak protestor holds up scales of justice in front of riot police. (Credit: Khaled Desouki, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (top right): Royal Malaysian Police deputy inspector-general looks on as Selangor state police chief points to a journalist during a press conference. (Credit: Mohd Rasfan, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (bottom left): Indian traffic police officer poses with a body-worn video camera. (Credit: Sam Panthaky, Agence France-Presse) Cover photo (bottom right): Indonesian anti-riot police take position to disperse a mob during an overnight-violent demonstration. (Credit: Bay Ismoyo, Agence France-Presse) DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. ii Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................ii -
East Timor Law and Justice Bulletin (ETLJB), the Principal International NGO That Runs an HIV-AIDS Transmission Reduction Program Excludes Gays from Its Program
TIMOR-LESTE Timor-Leste is a multiparty parliamentary republic with a population of approximately 1.1 million. President Jose Ramos-Horta was head of state. Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao headed a four-party coalition government formed following free and fair elections in 2007. International security forces in the country included the UN Police (UNPOL) within the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) and the International Stabilization Force (ISF), neither of which was under the direct control of the government. The national security forces are the National Police (PNTL) and Defense Forces (F-FDTL). Security forces reported to civilian authorities, but there were some problems with discipline and accountability. Serious human rights problems included police use of excessive force during arrest and abuse of authority; perception of impunity; arbitrary arrest and detention; and an inefficient and understaffed judiciary that deprived citizens of due process and an expeditious and fair trial. Domestic violence, rape, and sexual abuse were also problems. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no politically motivated killings by the government or its agents during the year; however, on August 27, F-FDTL soldiers were involved in a fight with locals in Laivai, Lautem, in which one civilian was beaten to death. The case was handed to the Prosecutor General's Office and the Human Rights Ombudsman for investigation. At year's end the investigation was ongoing. There were no developments in the May 2009 case in which a group of F-FDTL members allegedly beat two men on a beach in Dili; one of the victims was subsequently found dead. -
Hirohito the Showa Emperor in War and Peace. Ikuhiko Hata.Pdf
00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page i HIROHITO: THE SHO¯ WA EMPEROR IN WAR AND PEACE 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page ii General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito photographed in the US Embassy, Tokyo, shortly after the start of the Occupation in September 1945. (See page 187) 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page iii Hirohito: The Sho¯wa Emperor in War and Peace Ikuhiko Hata NIHON UNIVERSITY Edited by Marius B. Jansen GLOBAL ORIENTAL 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page iv HIROHITO: THE SHO¯ WA EMPEROR IN WAR AND PEACE by Ikuhiko Hata Edited by Marius B. Jansen First published in 2007 by GLOBAL ORIENTAL LTD P.O. Box 219 Folkestone Kent CT20 2WP UK www.globaloriental.co.uk © Ikuhiko Hata, 2007 ISBN 978-1-905246-35-9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library Set in Garamond 11 on 12.5 pt by Mark Heslington, Scarborough, North Yorkshire Printed and bound in England by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page vi 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page v Contents The Author and the Book vii Editor’s Preface -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
Session One: Effective Administration of the Police (PDF 271.1KB)
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS IN JAPAN By Mr. Masakatsu OKABE Police Superintendent, Deputy Director, Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy, Tokyo, Japan I. INTRODUCTION Recently, public security in Japan has been severely challenged by the sudden increase in the number of offenses and the remarkable decrease of the clearance rate. For example, according to the latest “White Paper on Police 2002”, the number of Penal Code offenses known to police in 2001 was 2,735,612, which shows a significant increase of 57.0% (993,246) over the last ten years. This is the highest level since the Second World War. On the other hand, the number of Penal Code offenses cleared in 2001 was 542,115, that is to say, the clearance rate was 19.8%. This is the lowest level since the Second World War. In Japan, until the 80’s, the clearance rate had been kept at about 60%, but in the 90’s, it decreased to about 40%. We can say that such circumstances threaten the myth that “Japan is the safest country in the world”. Of course, the general crime situation in Japan is not so serious compared to other countries. For example, the rate of homicide was only 1.1 in 2001 (compared to 5.7 in the United States in 1999) and the clearance rate for homicide is 94%. The number of police officers killed on duty is about 10 per year (including traffic accidents) and the number of cases of a police officer firing his gun on duty is only about 10 per year. -
Toronto Police Service Community Consultation and Volunteer Manual
1 November 2019 2 Volunteers and Community Policing The Toronto Police Service (Service) recognizes that volunteers are an integral and vital component of community policing. Service volunteers are welcomed and valued in every community, and their service to the organization is invaluable. Our volunteers serve as the first point of contact between the community and the Service. They make an impact and strengthen ties in our communities, they serve to enhance the delivery of police services, and assist in numerous community engagement initiatives and programs. The Mission Statement of the Toronto Police Service Volunteer Program is; “To create meaningful partnerships through trust, understanding, shared knowledge, effective community engagement and to maintain safety and security in our communities.” Connected by Commitment Revised November 2020 2 3 MESSAGE FROM THE TORONTO POLICE SERVICES BOARD On behalf of the Toronto Police Services Board, I would like to extend our deep and sincere appreciation to all of our volunteers for giving your time, energy, and dedication to the Toronto Police Service and to all of the communities that make up the City of Toronto. The Toronto Police Service is recognized as outstanding model in the policing community in the way in which it consults with its communities. The Board is extremely proud of this achievement and is committed to continuously working to ensure that we remain a progressive leader in this vital area. Strong and meaningful partnership with the community is an essential component of the Board’s emphasis on community policing. Indeed, The Way Forward, the Transformational Task Force’s action plan report, charts an approach to policing that is founded on embracing partnerships to create safe communities. -
Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century
The Patrolmen’s Revolt: Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century By Megan Marie Adams A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robin Einhorn, Chair Professor Richard Candida-Smith Professor Kim Voss Fall 2012 1 Abstract The Patrolmen’s Revolt: Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century by Megan Marie Adams Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Robin Einhorn, Chair My dissertation uncovers a history of labor insurgency and civil rights activism organized by the lowest-ranking members of the Chicago police. From 1950 to 1984, dissenting police throughout the city reinvented themselves as protesters, workers, and politicians. Part of an emerging police labor movement, Chicago’s police embodied a larger story where, in an era of “law and order” politics, cities and police departments lost control of their police officers. My research shows how the collective action and political agendas of the Chicago police undermined the city’s Democratic machine and unionized an unlikely group of workers during labor’s steep decline. On the other hand, they both perpetuated and protested against racial inequalities in the city. To reconstruct the political realities and working lives of the Chicago police, the dissertation draws extensively from new and unprocessed archival sources, including aldermanic papers, records of the Afro-American Patrolman’s League, and previously unused collections documenting police rituals and subcultures.