BIOSIMILARS for RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS an Experienced Partner Can Foresee Your Biosimilar Development Challenges
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BAFF-Neutralizing Interaction of Belimumab Related to Its Therapeutic Efficacy for Treating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03620-2 OPEN BAFF-neutralizing interaction of belimumab related to its therapeutic efficacy for treating systemic lupus erythematosus Woori Shin1, Hyun Tae Lee1, Heejin Lim1, Sang Hyung Lee1, Ji Young Son1, Jee Un Lee1, Ki-Young Yoo1, Seong Eon Ryu2, Jaejun Rhie1, Ju Yeon Lee1 & Yong-Seok Heo1 1234567890():,; BAFF, a member of the TNF superfamily, has been recognized as a good target for auto- immune diseases. Belimumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody, was approved by the FDA for use in treating systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the molecular basis of BAFF neutralization by belimumab remains unclear. Here our crystal structure of the BAFF–belimumab Fab complex shows the precise epitope and the BAFF-neutralizing mechanism of belimumab, and demonstrates that the therapeutic activity of belimumab involves not only antagonizing the BAFF–receptor interaction, but also disrupting the for- mation of the more active BAFF 60-mer to favor the induction of the less active BAFF trimer through interaction with the flap region of BAFF. In addition, the belimumab HCDR3 loop mimics the DxL(V/L) motif of BAFF receptors, thereby binding to BAFF in a similar manner as endogenous BAFF receptors. Our data thus provides insights for the design of new drugs targeting BAFF for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. 1 Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. 2 Department of Bio Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. These authors contributed equally: Woori Shin, Hyun Tae Lee, Heejin Lim, Sang Hyung Lee. -
Xolair/Omalizumab
Therapeutic/Humanized Antibodies ELISA Kits ‘Humanized antibodies” are ‘Animal Antibodies’ that have been modified by recombinant DNA-technology to reduce the overall content of the animal- portion of immunoglobulin so as to increase acceptance by humans or minimize ‘rejection’. By analogy, if the hands of a mouse is actually responsible for grabbing things then ‘humanized-mouse’ will only contain the ‘mouse hands’ and the rest of the body will be human. Since the size of the IgGs is similar in mouse and human, the size of the native mouse IgG and the ‘humanized IgG’ does not significantly change. Antigen recognition property of an antibody actually resides in small portion of the IgG molecule called the ‘antigen binding site or Fab’. Therefore, humanized antibodies contain the minimal portion from the Fab or the epitopes necessary for antigen binding. The process of "humanization of antibodies" is usually applied to animal (mouse) derived monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use in humans (for example, antibodies developed as anti-cancer drugs). Xolair (Anti-IgE) is an example of humanized IgG. The portion of the mouse IgG that remains in the ‘humanized IgG’ may be recognized as foreign by humans and may result into the generation of “Human Anti-Drug Antibodies (HADA). The presence of anti-Drug antibody (e.g., Human Anti-Rituximab IgG) that may limit the long-term usage the humanized antibody (Rituximab). Not all monoclonal antibodies designed for human therapeutic use need be humanized since many therapies are short-term. The International Nonproprietary Names of humanized antibodies end in “-zumab”, as in “omalizumab”. Humanized antibodies are distinct from chimeric or fusion antibodies. -
Infliximab, Adalimumab and Golimumab for Treating Moderately
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT VOLUME 20 ISSUE 39 MAY 2016 ISSN 1366-5278 Infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis after the failure of conventional therapy (including a review of TA140 and TA262): clinical effectiveness systematic review and economic model Rachel Archer, Paul Tappenden, Shijie Ren, Marrissa Martyn-St James, Rebecca Harvey, Hasan Basarir, John Stevens, Christopher Carroll, Anna Cantrell, Alan Lobo and Sami Hoque DOI 10.3310/hta20390 Infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis after the failure of conventional therapy (including a review of TA140 and TA262): clinical effectiveness systematic review and economic model Rachel Archer,1* Paul Tappenden,1 Shijie Ren,1 Marrissa Martyn-St James,1 Rebecca Harvey,1 Hasan Basarir,1 John Stevens,1 Christopher Carroll,1 Anna Cantrell,1 Alan Lobo2 and Sami Hoque3 1Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 2Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK 3Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK *Corresponding author Declared competing interests of authors: none Published May 2016 DOI: 10.3310/hta20390 This report should be referenced as follows: Archer R, Tappenden P, Ren S, Martyn-St James M, Harvey R, Basarir H, et al. Infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab for treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis after the failure of conventional therapy (including a review of TA140 and TA262): clinical effectiveness systematic review and economic model. Health Technol Assess 2016;20(39). Health Technology Assessment is indexed and abstracted in Index Medicus/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) and Current Contents®/ Clinical Medicine. -
(Human) ELISA Kit Rev 06/20 (Catalog # E 4381 - 100, 100 Assays, Store at 4°C) I
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY! TM BioSim Omalizumab (Human) ELISA Kit rev 06/20 (Catalog # E4381-100, 100 assays, Store at 4°C) I. Introduction: Omalizumab is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). Omalizumab inhibits the binding of IgE to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Reduction in surface-bound IgE on FceRI-bearing cells limits the degree of release of mediators of the allergic response. Omalizumab is used to treat severe, persistent asthma. BioSimTM Omalizumab ELISA kit has been developed for specific quantification of Omalizumab concentration in human serum or plasma with high sensitivity and reproducibility. II. Application: This ELISA kit is used for in vitro quantitative determination of Omalizumab Detection Range: 10 - 1000 ng/ml Sensitivity: 10 ng/ml Assay Precision: Intra-Assay: CV < 15%; Inter-Assay: CV < 15% (CV (%) = SD/mean X 100) Recovery rate: 85 – 115% with normal human serum samples with known concentrations Cross Reactivity: There is no cross reaction with native serum immunoglobulins and tested monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®), etanercept (Enbrel®), bevacizumab, trastuzumab III. Sample Type: Human serum and plasma IV. Kit Contents: Components E4381-100 Part No. Micro ELISA Plate 1 plate E4381-100-1 Omalizumab Standards (S1 – S7) 1 ml X 7 E4381-100-2.x Assay Buffer 50 ml E4381-100-3 HRP-conjugate Probe 12 ml E4381-100-4 TMB substrate (Avoid light) 12 ml E4381-100-5 Stop Solution 12 ml E4381-100-6 Wash buffer (20X) 50 ml E4381-100-7 Plate sealers 2 E4381-100-8 V. -
Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol) AHM
Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol) AHM Clinical Indications • Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol) is considered medically necessary for adult members 18 years of age or older with moderately-to-severely active disease when ALL of the following conditions are met o Moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease as manifested by 1 or more of the following . Diarrhea . Abdominal pain . Bleeding . Weight loss . Perianal disease . Internal fistulae . Intestinal obstruction . Megacolon . Extra-intestinal manifestations: arthritis or spondylitis o Crohn's disease has remained active despite treatment with 1 or more of the following . Corticosteroids . 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine • Certollizumab pegol (see note) is considered medically necessary for persons with active psoriatic arthritis who meet criteria in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Biological Therapies. • Cimzia, (Certolizumab Pegol), alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is considered medically necessary for the treatment of adult members 18 years of age or older with moderately-to-severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). • Cimzia (Certolizumab pegol is considered medically necessary for reducing signs and symptoms of members with active ankylosing spondylitis who have an inadequate response to 2 or more NSAIDs. • Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol) is considered investigational for all other indications (e.g.,ocular inflammation/uveitis; not an all-inclusive list) because its effectiveness for indications other than the ones listed above has not been established. Notes • There are several brands of targeted immune modulators on the market. There is a lack of reliable evidence that any one brand of targeted immune modulator is superior to other brands for medically necessary indications. Enbrel (etanercept), Humira (adalimumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Simponi Aria (golimumab intravneous), and Stelara (ustekinumab) brands of targeted immune modulators ("least cost brands of targeted immune modulators") are less costly to the plan. -
Infliximab Infusion (Page 1 of 2)
Patient Name: _________________ Provider Orders for: DOB: ________________ InFLIXimab Infusion (Page 1 of 2) = must check off to order / automatically initiated unless crossed out Date: ____________ Time: _________ Weight _______kg Height: _______cm BSA: __________ Diagnosis: Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Plaque psoriasis Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis PPD Date: ____________ Result: __________ Chest X-Ray Date: _______ Result: __________ Infusion: Inflectra (Drug of choice) Remicade (Non-formulary – Provider must complete a formulary request form) Infusion Frequency: One time only Three visits (Day 0, 2 Weeks, 6 Weeks) Maintenance infusion every _____ weeks until _______ (STOP DATE) Vital Signs: Prior to infusion, at every rate increase, and completion Notify Physician if: Systolic BP less than 90 mmHg or greater than 160 mmHg and/or Pulse less than 60/minute or greater than 120/minute and/or Temperature greater than 38.3 C (101 F) For reactions to inFLIXimab STOP INFUSION and initiate Anaphylactic Reaction Med-Induced Physician Orders – (Form #83EANAPX) Supportive Medications: acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg PO Before inFLIXimab dexamethasone (Decadron) 10 mg or 20 mg IVPB or PO Before inFLIXimab diphenhydrAMINE (Benadryl) 25 mg or 50 mg IVPB or PO Before inFLIXimab Other Medications: __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ IV Line Patency Maintenance: NS IV 250 mL at 30 mL/hr during infusion Flush -
Omalizumab, Xolair
XOLAIR® Omalizumab For Subcutaneous Use DESCRIPTION Xolair (Omalizumab) is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). The antibody has a molecular weight of approximately 149 kilodaltons. Xolair is produced by a Chinese hamster ovary cell suspension culture in a nutrient medium containing the antibiotic gentamicin. Gentamicin is not detectable in the final product. Xolair is a sterile, white, preservative-free, lyophilized powder contained in a single-use vial that is reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), USP, and administered as a subcutaneous (SC) injection. A Xolair vial contains 202.5 mg of Omalizumab, 145.5 mg sucrose, 2.8 mg L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, 1.8 mg L-histidine and 0.5 mg polysorbate 20 and is designed to deliver 150 mg of Omalizumab, in 1.2 mL after reconstitution with 1.4 mL SWFI, USP. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action Xolair inhibits the binding of IgE to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Reduction in surface bound IgE on FceRI-bearing cells limits the degree of release of mediators of the allergic response. Treatment with Xolair also reduces the number of FceRI receptors on basophils in atopic patients. Pharmacokinetics After SC administration, Omalizumab is absorbed with an average absolute bioavailability of 62%. Following a single SC dose in adult and adolescent patients with asthma, Omalizumab was absorbed slowly, reaching peak serum concentrations after an average of 7-8 days. The pharmacokinetics of Omalizumab are linear at doses greater than 0.5 mg/kg. -
Immunopharmacology: a Guide to Novel Therapeutic Tools - Francesco Roselli, Emilio Jirillo
PHARMACOLOGY – Vol. II - Immunopharmacology: A Guide to Novel Therapeutic Tools - Francesco Roselli, Emilio Jirillo IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY: A GUIDE TO NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS Francesco Roselli Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Emilio Jirillo Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Bari, Italy National Institute for Digestive Disease, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy Keywords: Immunopharmacology, immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulating agents, Rituximab, Natalizumab, Efalizumab, Abatacept, Betalacept, Alefacept, Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Infliximab, Etanercept, Adalimumab, Anakinra, Tocilizumab, Omalizumab, Interleukin-2, Denileukin diftitox, Interferon-γ, Interleukin-12 Contents 1. Introduction 2. B cell targeted molecule: Rituximab 3. Lymphocyte trafficking inhibitors: Natalizumab and Efalizumab 3.1 Natalizumab 3.2 Efalizumab 4. Costimulation antagonists: Abatacept, Betalacept, Alefacept 4.1 Abatacept 4.2 Betalacept 4.3 Alefacept 5. Interleukin-2 Receptor antagonists: Basiliximab, Daclizumab 5.1 Basiliximab 5.2 Daclizumab 6. Antagonists of soluble mediators of inflammation 6.1 TNF-α antagonists: Infliximab, Etanercept, Adalimumab 6.1.1 Infliximab 6.1.2 Etanercept 6.1.3 Adalimumab 6.2 Interleukin-1UNESCO Receptor Antagonist (Anakinra) – EOLSS 6.3 Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist (tocilizumab) 7. Antagonist of IgE: Omalizumab 8. Interleukin therapySAMPLE in oncology CHAPTERS 8.1 Interleukin-2 8.2 Interleukin-2/diphtheria toxin conjugate (Ontak) 8.3 Interferon-γ and Interleukin-12 9. Perspectives and future developments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) PHARMACOLOGY – Vol. II - Immunopharmacology: A Guide to Novel Therapeutic Tools - Francesco Roselli, Emilio Jirillo Immunopharmacology is that area of pharmacological sciences dealing with the selective modulation (i.e. upregulation or downregulation) of specific immune responses and, in particular, of immune cell subsets. -
XOLAIR Prescribing Information
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION measured before the start of treatment, and body weight (kg). See the dose determination charts. (2.3) These highlights do not include all the information needed to use XOLAIR safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: XOLAIR 150 or 300 mg SC every XOLAIR. 4 weeks. Dosing in CSU is not dependent on serum IgE level or body weight. (2.4) ® XOLAIR (omalizumab) injection, for subcutaneous use ----------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS--------------------- ® XOLAIR (omalizumab) for injection, for subcutaneous use Injection: 75 mg/0.5 mL and 150 mg/mL solution in a single-dose Initial U.S. Approval: 2003 prefilled syringe (3) For Injection: 150 mg lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for WARNING: ANAPHYLAXIS reconstitution (3) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Anaphylaxis, presenting as bronchospasm, hypotension, syncope, ------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS------------------------------- urticaria, and/or angioedema of the throat or tongue, has been reported Severe hypersensitivity reaction to XOLAIR or any ingredient of XOLAIR (4, to occur after administration of XOLAIR. Anaphylaxis has occurred 5.1) after the first dose of XOLAIR but also has occurred beyond 1 year after -----------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS------------------------ beginning treatment. Initiate XOLAIR therapy in a healthcare setting, Anaphylaxis: Initiate XOLAIR therapy in a healthcare setting prepared to closely observe patients for an appropriate period of time after XOLAIR administration and be prepared to manage anaphylaxis which can be life- manage anaphylaxis which can be life-threatening and observe patients for an appropriate period of time after administration. (5.1) threatening. Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and have them seek immediate medical care should symptoms occur. -
Recommendation for Optimal Management of Severe Refractory Asthma
Journal of Asthma and Allergy Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Recommendation for optimal management of severe refractory asthma Jaymin B Morjaria1 Abstract: Patients whose asthma is not adequately controlled despite treatment with a Riccardo Polosa2 combination of high dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators pose a major clinical challenge and an important health care problem. Patients with severe refractory 1Department of IIR, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; disease often require regular oral corticosteroid use with an increased risk of steroid-related 2Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e adverse events. Alternatively, immunomodulatory and biologic therapies may be considered, Specialistica, University of Catania, Catania, Italy but they show wide variation in efficacy across studies thus limiting their generalizability. Managing asthma that is refractory to standard treatment requires a systematic approach to evaluate adherence, ensure a correct diagnosis, and identify coexisting disorders and trigger factors. In future, phenotyping of patients with severe refractory asthma will also become an For personal use only. important element of this systematic approach, because it could be of help in guiding and tailor- ing treatments. Here, we propose a pragmatic management approach in diagnosing and treating this challenging subset of asthmatic patients. Keywords: severe asthma, corticosteroids, immunological modifiers, steroid-sparing, anti-TNF-α -
Benlysta, INN- Belimumab
Assessment report Benlysta International Non proprietary Name: belimumab Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/002015 Assessment Report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted 7 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 7418 8400 Facsimile +44 (0)20 7523 7455 E-mail [email protected] Website www.ema.europa.eu An agency of the European Union Product information Name of the medicinal product: Benlysta Marketing Authorisation Holder: Glaxo Group Limited Glaxo Wellcome House Berkeley Avenue Greenford, Middlesex UB6 0NN United Kingdom Active substance: belimumab International Non-proprietary Name: belimumab Pharmaco-therapeutic group Selective immunosuppressants (ATC Code): (L04AA26) Add-on therapy in adult patients with active Therapeutic indication: autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high degree of disease activity (e.g. positive anti-dsDNA and low complement) despite standard therapy. Pharmaceutical form: Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion Strengths: 120 mg and 400 mg Route of administration: Intravenous use Packaging: vial (glass) Package size: 1 vial Assessment report Benlysta Page 2/94 Table of contents 1. Background information on the procedure .............................................. 6 1.1. Submission of the dossier.................................................................................... 6 1.2. Steps taken for the assessment of the product ...................................................... -
Monoclonal Antibodies in Treating Food Allergy: a New Therapeutic Horizon
nutrients Review Monoclonal Antibodies in Treating Food Allergy: A New Therapeutic Horizon Sara Manti 1 , Giulia Pecora 1,†, Francesca Patanè 1,†, Alessandro Giallongo 1,* , Giuseppe Fabio Parisi 1 , Maria Papale 1, Amelia Licari 2 , Gian Luigi Marseglia 2 and Salvatore Leonardi 1 1 Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (G.P.); [email protected] (F.P.); [email protected] (G.F.P.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (S.L.) 2 Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (G.L.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-095-4794-181 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Food allergy (FA) is a pathological immune response, potentially deadly, induced by exposure to an innocuous and specific food allergen. To date, there is no specific treatment for FAs; thus, dietary avoidance and symptomatic medications represent the standard treatment for managing them. Recently, several therapeutic strategies for FAs, such as sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, have shown long-term safety and benefits in clinical practice. This review summarizes the current evidence on changes in treating FA, focusing on monoclonal antibodies, which have recently provided encouraging data as therapeutic weapons modifying the disease course. Citation: Manti, S.; Pecora, G.; Patanè, F.; Giallongo, A.; Parisi, G.F.; Keywords: monoclonal antibodies; food allergy; biologics; children; adults Papale, M.; Licari, A.; Marseglia, G.L.; Leonardi, S.