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Base a ~Researc JOURNAL THE Base a ~Researc JOURNAL As usual, we have many fascinating articles-statis­ We've also got Al Kermisch (what would a Research tical, historical, and a mixture of both-in this issue Journal be without his researcher's notebook?), David of BRJ. Tom Shieber's lead piece is a wonderful ex, Voigt, and a sprinkling of the usual suspects I seem to ample of basic SABR research, which deserves a place round up every year as SABR's Claude Raines. on the required,reading list of anyone who wants a Thankfully, we also have lots offirst,time authors, complete picture of the game. One special article, by whose work is so vital to the health of our Society. Eddie Gold, is about John Tattersall, an early SABR Geographically, we stretch from North Dakota to the member and creator of the Tattersall Homerun Log, Dominican Republic, and chronologically from 1845 which we hope will soon be made public in updated to the late, lamented 1994 season. form. -M.A. The Evolution of the Baseball Diamond Tom Shieber 3 The Gowell Claset Saga Jamie Selko 14 Teammates with the Most Combined Hits "Biff" Brecher and Albey M. Reiner 17 Disenfranchised All,Stars of 1945 Charlie Bevis 19 Games Ahead and Games Behind: A Pitching Stat Alan S. and James C. Kaufman 24 Don Newcombe: Grace Under Pressure Guy Waterman 27 If God Owned the Angels Tom Ruane 32 Alonzo Perry in the Dominican Republic Jose de Jesus Jimenez, M.D 39 The DiMaggio Streak: How Statistically Likely? Charles Blahous 41 19th Century Pitching Changes Robert E. Shipley 44 Satchel Paige's 1935 Season in North Dakota Scott Roper 51 A Case for the DH ....................................•.............................. Russell O.Wright , 55 The Cahill Brothers' Night Baseball Experiments David Pietrusza 62 John C. Tattersall, SABR's Homer Man .. +.+++.++++.+.++++++ •• +++++ •••• Eddie Gold. 67 Baseball's Antitrust Exemption + ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Stephen D. Guschov, Esq 69 Baseball, Bluegrass, and Suicide Bob Bailey 75 Correlating Fielding and Batting Position Randy Klipstein 78 1894! + •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• David Q. Voigt 82 Waiting for the Hall to Call + ••••••••••••••••• Nat Rosenberg 85 Do Lefties Mature Late? Perry Sailor 88 Baseball's Amateur Draft David C. Thom,as + ••• 92 A Brief History of the Complete Game Dennis Stegmann 97 On Batting Order Steven Seifert, M.D 101 The True Triple Crown > ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Mark Simon 106 From a Researcher's Notebook Al Kermisch 108 THE BASEBALL R~SEARCH JOURNAL (ISSN 0734-6891, ISBN 0-910137-57-9), Number 23. Editor: Mark Alvarez Published by The Society for American Basehall Rese(lfch, Inc, p,n Box 93183, Cleveland, OH, 44101. Postage paid at Birmingham, AL. Copyright The Society for American Baseball Research, Designated Reader: Dick Thompson Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Printed by EBSCO Media, Birmingham, AL. The Society for American Baseball Research History .The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) was founded on August 10, 1971, by L. Robert "Bob" Davids and fifteen other baseball researchers at Cooperstown, New York, and now boasts more than 6,500 members worldwide. The Society's objectives are to foster the study ofbaseball as a significant American institution, to establish an accu­ rate historical account ofbaseball through the years, to· facilitate the dissemination of baseball research information, to stimulate the best interest ofbaseball as our national pastime, and to cooperate in safeguarding proprietary interests ofindividual research efforts ofmembers of the Society. Baseball Research Journal The Society published its first annual BaseballResearcJl Journal in January 1972. The present volume is the twenty-third. Most of the previous volumes are still available for purchase (see page 112). The editorial policy is to publish a cross section ofresearch articles by our members which reflect their interest in history, biography, statistics and other aspects ofbaseball not previously published. Interested in Joining the Society? SABR l11elllbersllip is opel1 to all tllose itlterested ill baseball research, statistics or his­ tory. The 1995 member$hip dues are $35 US, $45 Canada & Mexico and $50 overseas (US funds only) and are based on the calendar year. Memhers receive the Rasehall Research JOllrnal, The National Pastinle, The SABR Bulletin, and other special publica­ tionB. To join SABR, ·use the form found on the bottom ofthe publication order form found on page 112. For further information, contact the SABR office at the address or phone belo,v: SABR Dept. BRJ PO Box 93183 Cleveland OH 44101 216-575-0500 The Evolution of the Baseball Diamond Perfection came slowly Tom Shieber Red Smith once wrote: "Ninety feet between bases is the nearest to perfection that man has yet achieved."! Technically, this statement is incorrect: there has never been 90 feet between bases. In fact, in the nineteenth century, the distance between bases often varied from season to season as changes in the rules altered the placement of the bases on the infield diamond.2 This "perfection" of the baseball diamond did not occur spontaneously, but evolved through more than 50 years of tinkering \vith the rules of base,· ball. The modern baseball diamond is a square with sides 90 feet in. len.gth, and is used as an aid in the position ... ing of the bases and base lines. The term "diamond" was used early in the history of tl1e ganle to differell" tiate the infield conJiguratioIl of the "New Yorkn game of baseball from that used in the "Massachu.. setts" game. In the New York game the batter, or striker, stood at the bottom corner of th.e illfield, tlluS Plate A viewing a diamond.. like positioning of the bases. these early rules were used to differentiate the par.. However, the batter in the Massachusetts game would ticular version. of baseball beillg played (forn orh~r view tIle illfield as a rectangle. similar baseball.. like games of the era. Nevertheless, it The positioning, orifntation, size and make... up of is possible to trace tIle basic evolution of the baseball the bases on the infield diamond were not always ex... diamond. plicitly stated in the rules of the game. This lack of definition is not unusual, as much of the game itself The Amateur Era-The New York Knickerbocker was not detailed in the early rules. Rather than defin.. Base Ball Club, formally organized in 1845, estab.. ing the game of baseball and how it was to be played, lished the first written rules of basebalL3 Of the original 20 rules, only 14 actually pertained to the Tom Shieber operates a solar telescope at Tnt. \"",Tilson Observatury in ganle of baseball, and the remaining six concerned Southern California. He currently chairs the SABR Pictorial History club matters. Of the 14 game rules, only the first re.. Committee. THE BASEBALL RESEARCH JOURNAL lated to the layout of the playing field: "1. The bases tion of Base Ball Players, this rule was rewritten to shall be from 'home' to second base, 42 paces; from simply clarify the distances on the ball field, the word first to third base, 42 paces, equidistant." Simple ap'" "pace" being "rather vague."7 plication of the Pythagorean theorem shows that a Adams' statement implies that the wording of the square whose diagonal is 42 paces has sides of slightly new rule did not change the size of the infield. Thus, less than 30 paces. The Knickerbocker rules made no the "pace" was meant to be understood as a measure ... mention of the exact placement or size of the bases in ment approximately equal to three feet. Yet, even the infield. today the meaning of the Knickerbocker "pace" is the In 1856, an article in the December 13 issue of the subject of debate. Some baseball scholars believe the New York Clipper listed the rules of basebalL These word "pace" should be interpreted as an exact mea... rules were essentially identical to the original surement, which, during the 1840s, was defined as Knickerbocker rules and were published along with a 2 ... 1/2 feet. 8 Given a pace of 2 ... 1/2 feet and again em... rudimentary diagram of the baseball infield. Unfortu... ploying the Pythagorean theorem, each side of the nately, the inaccuracies of the diagram render it infield diamond would be roughly 74 ... 1/2 feet in useless in determining the exact orientation and po... length. Other historians take the point of view that a sitions of the bases of the era. In fact, the diagram pace, being a unit of measurement defined solely by shows the distance from home to second base to be the individual doing the pacing, allowed for a scalable noticeably longer than the distance from first to third diamond dependent on the size of the players. There... base, though the rules clearly specify equal distances.4 fore, since a child's pace is smaller than that of an (see plate A.) adult, the diamond as laid out by a child would be The first convention of baseball players was held in proportionally smaller than the adult's diamond.9 1857, al1d a new set of rules, 35 in number, was adopted.5 Sections 3 and 4 of these rules relate to the layout of the baseball diamond: 3. The bases must be four in number, placed at equal distances from each other, and se ... curely fastened upon the four corners of a square, whose sides are respectively thirty yards. They must be so constructed as to be distinctly seen by the umpires and referee, and must cover a space equal to one square foot of surface; the first, second, and third bases sllall be canvas bags, painted white, and filled with sand or saw ... dust; the hom_e base and pitcher's point to be each marked by a flat circ.ular iron plate, painted or enameled white.
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