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Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico. -
AN INVESTIGATION INTO the LATIN KINGS: No Tolerance for Gangs in Public Schools
City of New York The Special Commissioner of Investigation for the New York City School District AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LATIN KINGS: No Tolerance for Gangs in Public Schools “We make our family strong because our crimes are organized. What better way to elevate ourselves then The [sic] secretive world of organized crime…we are Crimelords in the truest forms.” - from Latin King literature seized on 9/3/97, pursuant to this investigation EDWARD F. STANCIK SPECIAL COMMISSIONER ROBERT M. BRENNER First Deputy Commissioner By: Suzan Flamm, Executive Counsel Leah Keith, Special Counsel William Kleppel, Senior Investigator October 1997 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This examination was accomplished under the supervision of Chief Investigator Thomas Fennell, Deputy Chief Investigator Maureen Spencer, and Group Supervisor Andre Jenkins. Senior Investigator William Kleppel conducted the investigation and was assisted in his efforts by Senior Investigator Joseph Lamendola, Senior Investigator Edward Miller and Investigator Ayesha Winston. Senior Investigators George Johanson and Michael McGarvey provided technical assistance. The entire investigative division provided invaluable assistance to this effort. The office gratefully acknowledges the assistance provided to this investigation by: · The New York City Police Department’s Street Crime Unit, Citywide Anti-Gang Enforcement Squad, including Capt. John Walsh, Lt. Venton Holifield, Sgt. Louis Savelli, and Officers John Rodgers, Carlos Pacheco, John McDonald, Frank DiNatale, and Yolanda Acosta. · Mary Jo White, The United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Assistant U.S. Attorney Richard B. Zabel, Deputy Chief, Narcotics Division, and U.S. Attorney Investigator John O’Malley. · The Bayonne Police Department, including Lt. Leonard Sullivan and Sgt. -
Street Gang Recognition and Awareness
STREET GANG RECOGNITION AND AWARENESS Objectives: • To inform teachers/adults in or out of the school system about gangs. • To be able to identify gang members or those that want to be in gangs. (Wannabe’s) • To learn how to help juveniles before its too late. What is a Criminal Gang? 35-45-9-1 “Criminal Gang” defined as: • At least five or more persons that specifically participate in and require as a condition of membership to commit a felony which share a common: – Symbol –Name –Sign That engage in criminal activity. What is Criminal Gang Activity? 35-45-9-3 “Criminal Gang Activity” defined as: • A person who knowingly or intentionally actively participates in a criminal gang commits criminal gang activity. What is a confirmed gang member? Must meet at least three of the following criteria: • Admits gang affiliation • Has gang related tattoos • Wears gang colors • Identified by other affiliates • Writes about affiliation • Photographed with affiliates • Associates with known members • Has family members affiliated with a gang What is a suspected gang member? • Must meet one quality from the criteria list. • Maybe bumped to confirm gang member status with additional contact. What makes one join a gang? Family motives for joining: • Stressful family life at home • Lack of parental involvement • Low or non-existent expectations from parents • Limited English speaking households • Abuse or neglect • Permissive truancy attitudes What makes one join a gang (cont.)? Personal motives for joining: • Low motivation • Low educational/occupational expectations • Low self-esteem • Behavior/discipline problems • Drug abuse • Peer pressure • Protection • Negative police involvement • Glamorization by media (Fashion, music, T.V., etc.) What family vs. -
Gang Project Brochure Pg 1 020712
Salt Lake Area Gang Project A Multi-Jurisdictional Gang Intelligence, Suppression, & Diversion Unit Publications: The Project has several brochures available free of charge. These publications Participating Agencies: cover a variety of topics such as graffiti, gang State Agencies: colors, club drugs, and advice for parents. Local Agencies: Utah Dept. of Human Services-- Current gang-related crime statistics and Cottonwood Heights PD Div. of Juvenile Justice Services historical trends in gang violence are also Draper City PD Utah Dept. of Corrections-- available. Granite School District PD Law Enforcement Bureau METRO Midvale City PD Utah Dept. of Public Safety-- GANG State Bureau of Investigation Annual Gang Conference: The Project Murray City PD UNIT Salt Lake County SO provides an annual conference open to service Salt Lake County DA Federal Agencies: providers, law enforcement personnel, and the SHOCAP Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, community. This two-day event, held in the South Salt Lake City PD Firearms, and Explosives spring, covers a variety of topics from Street Taylorsville PD United States Attorney’s Office Survival to Gang Prevention Programs for Unified PD United States Marshals Service Schools. Goals and Objectives commands a squad of detectives. The The Salt Lake Area Gang Project was detectives duties include: established to identify, control, and prevent Suppression and street enforcement criminal gang activity in the jurisdictions Follow-up work on gang-related cases covered by the Project and to provide Collecting intelligence through contacts intelligence data and investigative assistance to with gang members law enforcement agencies. The Project also Assisting local agencies with on-going provides youth with information about viable investigations alternatives to gang membership and educates Answering law-enforcement inquiries In an emergency, please dial 911. -
Southwest Border Gang Recognition
SOUTHWEST BORDER GANG RECOGNITION Sheriff Sigifredo Gonzalez, Jr. Zapata County, Texas Army National Guard Project April 30th, 2010 Southwest Border Gang Recognition – Page 1 of 19 Pages SOUTHWEST BORDER GANG RECOGNITION Lecture Outline I. Summary Page 1 II. Kidnappings Page 6 III. Gangs Page 8 IV. Overview Page 19 Southwest Border Gang Recognition – Page 2 of 19 Pages Summary The perpetual growth of gangs and active recruitment with the state of Texas, compounded by the continual influx of criminal illegal aliens crossing the Texas-Mexico border, threatens the security of all U.S. citizens. Furthermore, the established alliances between these prison and street gangs and various drug trafficking organizations pose a significant threat to the nation. Gangs now have access to a larger supply of narcotics, which will undoubtedly increase their influence over and presence in the drug trade, as well as increase the level of gang-related violence associated with illegal narcotics trafficking. Illegal alien smuggling has also become profitable for prison and other street gangs, and potentially may pose a major threat to national security. Multi-agency collaboration and networking—supplemented with modern technology, analytical resources, and gang intervention and prevention programs—will be critical in the ongoing efforts to curtail the violence associated with the numerous gangs now thriving in Texas and the nation.1 U.S.-based gang members are increasingly involved in cross-border criminal activities, particularly in areas of Texas and California along the U.S.—Mexico border. Much of this activity involves the trafficking of drugs and illegal aliens from Mexico into the United States and considerably adds to gang revenues. -
Old Heads Tell Their Stories: from Street Gangs to Street Organizations in New York City
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 412 305 UD 031 930 AUTHOR Brotherton, David C. TITLE Old Heads Tell Their Stories: From Street Gangs to Street Organizations in New York City. SPONS AGENCY Spencer Foundation, Chicago, IL. PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 35p. PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adults; *Delinquency; Illegal Drug Use; *Juvenile Gangs; *Leadership; Neighborhoods; Role Models; Urban Areas; *Urban Youth IDENTIFIERS *New York (New York); Street Crime ABSTRACT It has been the contention of researchers that the "old heads" (identified by Anderson in 1990 and Wilson in 1987) of the ghettos and barrios of America have voluntarily or involuntarily left the community, leaving behind new generations of youth without adult role models and legitimate social controllers. This absence of an adult strata of significant others adds one more dynamic to the process of social disorganization and social pathology in the inner city. In New York City, however, a different phenomenon was found. Older men (and women) in their thirties and forties who were participants in the "jacket gangs" of the 1970s and/or the drug gangs of the 1980s are still active on the streets as advisors, mentors, and members of the new street organizations that have replaced the gangs. Through life history interviews with 20 "old heads," this paper traces the development of New York City's urban working-class street cultures from corner gangs to drug gangs to street organizations. It also offers a critical assessment of the state of gang theory. Analysis of the development of street organizations in New York goes beyond this study, and would have to include the importance of street-prison social support systems, the marginalization of poor barrio and ghetto youth, the influence of politicized "old heads," the nature of the illicit economy, the qualitative nonviolent evolution of street subcultures, and the changing role of women in the new subculture. -
Tacoma Gang Assessment January 2019
Tacoma Gang Assessment January 2019 Prepared by: Michelle Arciaga Young Tytos Consulting Tytos Consulting would like to express our appreciation to the City of Tacoma for underwriting this report and to the Neighborhood and Community Services Department for providing support and coordination during the assessment process. Personnel from Comprehensive Life Resources – Rise Against the Influence (RAIN) Program and the Washington Department of Corrections - Community Corrections Gang Unit (WDOC-CCGU) were responsible for arranging the gang member interviews. Calvin Kennon (RAIN Program) and Randi Unfred, and Kelly Casperson (WDOC-CCGU), as well as other personnel from these agencies, dedicated considerable time to ensuring access to gang-involved individuals for gang member interviews. We are very grateful for their help. Kelly Casperson also provided data on security threat group members in Tacoma which was helpful for this report. We would also like to recognize the individuals who participated in these interviews, and who so candidly and openly shared their life experiences with us, for their valuable contributions to this report. Jacqueline Shelton of the Tacoma Police Department Gang Unit spent considerable time cleaning and preparing police incident report and gang intelligence data for analysis and inclusion in this report. We are indebted to her for this assistance. Focus groups were conducted with personnel from the Washington Department of Corrections Community Corrections Gang Unit, Pierce County Juvenile Court, agency partners from the RAIN multidisciplinary team, safety and security personnel from Tacoma Public Schools, and officers from the Tacoma Police Department Gang Unit. These focus groups contributed greatly to our ability to understand, analyze, and interpret the data for this report. -
A Constitutional Analysis of the Ogden Trece Gang Injunction Megan K
Utah OnLaw: The Utah Law Review Online Supplement Volume 2013 Article 22 2013 Removing the Presumption of Innocence: A Constitutional Analysis of the Ogden Trece Gang Injunction Megan K. Baker Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.law.utah.edu/onlaw Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, and the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Baker, Megan K. (2013) "Removing the Presumption of Innocence: A Constitutional Analysis of the Ogden Trece Gang Injunction," Utah OnLaw: The Utah Law Review Online Supplement: Vol. 2013 , Article 22. Available at: https://dc.law.utah.edu/onlaw/vol2013/iss1/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Utah Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Utah OnLaw: The tU ah Law Review Online Supplement by an authorized editor of Utah Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REMOVING THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE OGDEN TRECE GANG INJUNCTION Megan K. Baker* Abstract Gang activity poses a substantial problem in many communities. The city of Ogden, Utah, is home to many gangs, and law enforcement is constantly looking for a way to decrease gang violence. In an attempt to reduce gang violence in Ogden, Judge Ernie Jones issued the Ogden Trece gang injunction on September 27, 2010, in Weber County, Utah. The injunction, based on several similar injunctions in California, affects hundreds of alleged Ogden Trece gang members and spans an area including virtually the entire city of Ogden. The injunction prohibits those enjoined from engaging in various illegal activities as well as many otherwise legal activities. -
An Introduction to Gangs in Virginia
An Introduction to Gangs in Virginia Office of the Attorney General Photographs Provided By: Virginia Gang Investigators Association Virginia Department of Corrections Fairfax County Gang Unit Pittsylvania County Sheriff’s Office Boys & Girls Clubs of Virginia Galax Police Department Richmond Police Department unless otherwise specified Videos Provided By Dr. Al Valdez and are NOT from Virginia Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II Attorney General of Virginia American Violence Contains some graphic content Overview I. Facts About Gangs II. Identifying Signs of Gang Association III. Safety Issues for EMS Part I FACTS ABOUT GANGS Gangs In History Gangs have been present throughout human history. Blackbeard and other pirates plundered the Caribbean during the 1600’s and 1700’s. The word “Thug” dates back to India from around 1200, and refers to a gang of criminals. Gangs In History Irish gangs were a part of riots in NYC during the 1860’s. Gangs like “The Hole in the Wall Gang” and Billy the Kid’s Gang robbed in the Southwest during the 1800’s. Gangs In History Picture from The United Northern and Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan website with members in Virginia. This from a 2007 cross lighting ceremony. Al Capone’s Organization and the Ku Klux Klan are examples of prominent gangs in the 1900’s. Gangs Today Many of today’s gangs can trace their roots to the later half of the 20th Century. El Salvador Civil War – 1980’s. The Sleepy Lagoon Boys – 1940’s Zoot Suit Riots. The “Truth” in Numbers There are at least 26,500 gangs and 785,000 gang members in the U.S. -
Private Conflict, Local Organizations, and Mobilizing Ethnic Violence In
Private Conflict, Local Organizations, and Mobilizing Ethnic Violence in Southern California Bradley E. Holland∗ Abstract Prominent research highlights links between group-level conflicts and low-intensity (i.e. non-militarized) ethnic violence. However, the processes driving this relationship are often less clear. Why do certain actors attempt to mobilize ethnic violence? How are those actors able to mobilize participation in ethnic violence? I argue that addressing these questions requires scholars to focus not only on group-level conflicts and tensions, but also private conflicts and local violent organizations. Private conflicts give certain members of ethnic groups incentives to mobilize violence against certain out-group adversaries. Institutions within local violent organizations allow them to mobilize participation in such violence. Promoting these selective forms of violence against out- group adversaries mobilizes indiscriminate forms of ethnic violence due to identification problems, efforts to deny adversaries access to resources, and spirals of retribution. I develop these arguments by tracing ethnic violence between blacks and Latinos in Southern California. In efforts to gain leverage in private conflicts, a group of Latino prisoners mobilized members of local street gangs to participate in selective violence against African American adversaries. In doing so, even indiscriminate forms of ethnic violence have become entangled in the private conflicts of members of local violent organizations. ∗Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, [email protected]. Thanks to Sarah Brooks, Jorge Dominguez, Jennifer Hochschild, Didi Kuo, Steven Levitsky, Chika Ogawa, Meg Rithmire, Annie Temple, and Bernardo Zacka for comments on earlier drafts. 1 Introduction On an evening in August 1992, the homes of two African American families in the Ramona Gardens housing projects, just east of downtown Los Angeles, were firebombed. -
Profile of Gang Members in Suffolk County, NY DRAFT
Profile of Gang Members In Suffolk County, NY 2011 DRAFT Profile of Gang Members in Suffolk County Prepared By The Suffolk County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council 2012 STEVEN BELLONE County Executive P a g e | 2 Profile of Gang Members in Suffolk County, NY 2012 By R. Anna Hayward, Ph.D. School of Social Welfare Stony Brook University Robert C. Marmo, Ph.D. Suffolk County CJCC Special thanks to Senior Probation Officer Jill Porter and Principal Clerk Denise Demme for their hard work and assistance, without which this report would not have been possible. Special thanks also go to the research assistants for their significant contributions to this report. Research Assistants: Angela Albergo, Stony Brook University, Raina Batrony, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Christine Boudreau, Stony Brook University, Diana Nisito, Stony Brook University, Fatima Pereira, Stony Brook University, Suzanne Marmo- Roman, Fordham University, Danielle Seigal, Stony Brook University, and Amanda Thalmann, Stony Brook University. P a g e | 3 Suffolk County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council Gerard J. Cook Chair CJCC CJCC Staff Chief Planner: Robert Marmo, Ph.D. Research Analyst: Colleen Ford, LCSW Program Coordinator: Colleen Ansanelli, LMSW Program Coordinator: Edith Thomas, M.A. Principal Clerk: Stacey Demme P.O. Box 205 Yaphank, NY 11987-0205 (631) 852-6825 http://suffolkcountyny.gov/departments/criminaljustice.aspx Copyright © 2012 Suffolk County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council P a g e | 4 Table of Contents Background .................................................................................................................................... -
STREET GANGS: Intelligence T& Awareness Training
STREET GANGS: Intelligence t& Awareness Training Provided by the GANG UNIT INTRODUCTION: The Massachusetts State Police Gang Unit is a statewide specialty unit that investigates violent criminal street gangs and their related crimes. There are approximately 40 Troopers assigned to 7 teams, all of which work closely with our local and federal law enforcement partners. The Gang Unit's focus is on intelligence gathering, gang/crime suppression, and case management of gang related crimes. The Gang Unit assists municipalities by providing gang training, completing joint directed patrols in high crime areas, and providing undercover officers for narcotics purchases in gang and high crime areas. WHAT IS A GANG? MGL c.265 s.44 references a gang as an "organization of three or more persons which has a common name, identifying sign or symbol and whose members individually or collectively engage in criminal activity." Most gangs have a hierarchy ofleadership & membership, and at least some form of organizational structure. WHO ARE GANG MEMBERS? Today, there is no ''typical'' gang member. Gang members come in all shapes, sizes, nationalities, races, religions, economic backgrounds, and age: male and female. The stereotype of the young inner-city minority male dressed in baggie clothes and bandanas, gang beads draped around their necks, tossing hand signs, is no longer the rule. Pop culture has mainstreamed the "gangsta" look. RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH JOINING A GANG: * Friends who are gang members * Constitutional/biological factors * Family issues (subs. abuse, violence, etc.) * Bullying * Positive media portrayals of gangs * Academic failure/problems * Environment * Economic deprivation WHY DO PEOPLE JOIN GANGS? * Sense of family or belonging * Status and/or recognition * Protection * Money/economic hardship * Excitement * Environment/lack of positive role models * Lack of self-esteem * It may be all they know ..