DOCSLIB.ORG

(Alligator Mississippiensis): Hepatic and Renal Se Accumulation and Its Effects on Growth and Body Condition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Alligator Mississippiensis): Hepatic and Renal Se Accumulation and Its Effects on Growth and Body Condition Arch Environ Contam Toxicol (2017) 72:439–448 DOI 10.1007/s00244-017-0370-4 Dietary Selenomethionine Administration in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): Hepatic and Renal Se Accumulation and Its Effects on Growth and Body Condition 1,2,3,4 2 1,3 John W. Finger Jr. • Matthew T. Hamilton • Travis C. Glenn • Tracey D. Tuberville2,3 Received: 1 December 2016 / Accepted: 17 January 2017 / Published online: 1 February 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017 Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential trace nutrient, but p \ 0.0001; 2000 ppm, p = 0.0316). Body condition and in excess, it can induce toxicity. Incomplete combustion of growth remained unchanged in control alligators coal produces coal combustion wastes, which are enriched (p [ 0.05). Our results demonstrate alligators are capable in Se and often disposed of in aquatic basins. While a of accumulating high levels of Se through trophic transfer. multitude of studies have investigated Se accumulation in The positive effects of accumulation on growth may vertebrates, few studies have examined its effects on demonstrate Se essentiality, whereas the negative effects longer-lived top trophic carnivores, such as the American on condition may demonstrate toxicity. Accumulation also alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). In this study, alliga- was associated with mortality, further demonstrating toxi- tors were fed one of three Dietary Treatments: mice city. Future studies should further investigate the physio- injected with water (controls) or water supplemented with logical effects of Se accumulation in long-lived, top- 1000 or 2000 ppm selenomethionine (SeMet). Dietary trophic carnivores. Treatment significantly affected Se levels in both the liver (p \ 0.0001; raw mean ± SE: 1000 ppm group, 35.20 ± 6.32 ppm; 2000 ppm group, 49.97 ± 4.00 ppm) and kid- Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, with deficiency ney (p \ 0.0001; raw mean ± SE: 1000 ppm group, leading to disease and excess causing toxicity. While Se 101.60 ± 8.64 ppm; 2000 ppm, 96.38 ± 5.81 ppm), deficiency is a concern in some areas of the world (Haug which were significantly higher in alligators fed SeMet et al. 2007), anthropogenic activities, including fossil fuel than in controls. Post-treatment head length, used to control production, smelting, landfills, and agricultural activities, for size variation, was negatively related to both kidney are increasing the risk of Se exposure (Lemly 2004; Lemly (p = 0.0142) and liver (p = 0.0010) Se concentrations. and Skorupa 2012). In particular, incomplete combustion Dietary treatment with SeMet significantly reduced body of coal for energy production creates coal combustion condition (1000 ppm, p \ 0.0029; 2000 ppm, p = 0.0075), wastes (CCWs), which are rich in Se (Lemly 2004; Rowe but it significantly increased growth (1000 ppm, et al. 2002). Approximately 20% of all CCWs are disposed in aquatic settling basins (Lemly and Skorupa 2012), in which particulates settle out from the CCW slurry in a & John W. Finger Jr. primary basin before surface waters are drained into sub- [email protected] sequent basins or into wetland systems. Remarkably, a 1 Department of Environmental Health Science, University of number of organisms are known to inhabit or forage in ash Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA basins or the surrounding terrestrial habitat (Hopkins et al. 2 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, 1999a, b; Roe et al. 2004; Rowe et al. 2002), increasing PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA their risk of exposure to CCWs, including Se. 3 Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, As an essential nutrient, Se is an important component Athens, GA 30602, USA of a suite of proteins known as selenoproteins. Incorpora- 4 Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn tion of Se into selenoproteins occurs both specifically, University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA whereby the UGA codon specifies selenocysteine, and 123 440 Arch Environ Contam Toxicol (2017) 72:439–448 nonspecifically, through incorporation of selenomethionine of Se in the liver and kidney were quantified and associated (SeMet; Kohrle et al. 2005; Lu and Holmgren 2009). effects on growth and condition were determined. Selenoproteins serve many functions within the cell, including prevention of oxidative stress and in thyroid metabolism (Janz et al. 2010; Kohrle et al. 2005). How- Methods ever, in excess, Se leads to toxicity. Although the exact mechanism of Se toxicity is not known, it is thought that Se Study Subjects may exert its toxic effects through promotion of oxidative stress or amino acid substitution with sulfur, leading to Twenty-four, sexually immature alligators originally protein misfolding and loss of functionality (Janz et al. obtained from Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge (RWR) in 2010; Lemly 2002). Regardless of the toxicological mech- Grand Chenier, LA, USA were randomly allocated to one anism, accumulation has been shown to affect health and of three pens (corresponding to eventual SeMet treatment reproductive activities in a number of species, including groups: Pen 1, 1000 ppm SeMet; Pen 2, 2000 ppm SeMet; reptiles and birds (Heinz et al. 1987, 1989; Janz et al. 2010; Pen 3, control) within an enclosed aquatic animal facility Rowe et al. 2002; Roe et al. 2004). However, most of these on the Savannah River Site (SRS) in west-central SC as studies have focused on short-lived or lower-trophic level described previously (Finger et al. 2015b; Hamilton et al. organisms (Hopkins et al. 1999a, b, 2002, 2004). 2016a). Briefly, unheated water was continuously filtered Se accumulation and its consequent effects in top through each pen and ambient air temperature was main- trophic organisms are less well known. The American tained at 22.7 °C throughout the study. Alligators were alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is a top trophic, long- maintained on natural circadian cycles via light filtration lived, aquatic organism found in the southeastern United through translucent fiberglass roof panels (Finger et al. States. Because of this trophic placement, as well as their 2015b). Prior to commencement of the experiment, alli- longevity, alligators may serve as unique indicators of gators were fed to satiation thrice weekly with Mazuri environmental quality and how anthropogenic activities Crocodilian Diet pellets (PMI Nutrition International LLC, affect the environment (Finger and Gogal 2013; Milnes and Brentwood, MO, USA). Thereafter, they were fed pellets Guillette 2008). While most studies have investigated the two times weekly, in addition to the injected mice provided effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on alligators once a week as described below. Alligators were allowed to (references in Milnes and Guillette 2008), relatively few acclimatize to pens for [5 months prior to SeMet studies have investigated the effects of trace elements, like administration. those present in CCWs, on alligators (Finger et al. 2016; Tuberville et al. 2016). However, because alligators are Dietary Treatment known to frequent ash basins and surrounding areas (Roe et al. 2004; personal observation), they may be more This study was modeled after Hopkins et al. (2004)in readily exposed and serve as relevant models for investi- which house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus) were fed gating the effects of CCWs, such as Se, on higher trophic mice-injected with SeMet for 10 months. Due to space organisms. Indeed, alligators have been shown to accu- limitations, alligators were housed communally (n = 8in mulate Se from the environment or their diet (Campbell each of the three pens). Therefore, to make sure every et al. 2010; Roe et al. 2004; Tuberville et al. 2016). In alligator received an equivalent dose (within a treatment) hatchling alligators collected downstream from ash basins, and prevent Se diffusion into pen water, each alligator was increased Se accumulation was associated with decreased force-fed previously thawed small ‘‘fuzzy’’ mice (2–3 g; fecundity and increased embryonic mortality (Roe et al. Layne Labs, Arroyo Grande, CA, USA) spiked with 2004). A previous study documented that dietary exposure SeMet. Due to the large difference in size between vehicle to CCW-contaminated prey for 25 months led to signifi- (i.e., spiked mouse) and alligator, and to minimize the cant accumulation of Se in juvenile alligators (Tuberville number of times an alligator was force-fed a week (i.e., to et al. 2016). However to our knowledge, no controlled minimize stress), the amount of SeMet injected into each laboratory study has investigated accumulation, tissue mouse was greatly increased relative to that used previ- burdens, and impact of Se on a top-trophic carnivore, ously (Hopkins et al. 2004). Briefly, 1 g of seleno-D,L- without the possible interference of other trace elements methionine (Sigma S3875, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dis- present in CCWs. solved in 100 mL of DI water for a stock concentration of The impetus of this study was to better understand Se 10,000 ppm (based on dry mouse weight). accumulation through trophic transfer in the American To determine the volume of the 10,000 ppm stock alligator. Alligators were fed prey spiked with SeMet (1000 solution of SeMet to inject to achieve the desired target and 2000 ppm) for 7 weeks. Subsequently, tissue burdens concentration (in ppm dry weight of mouse), a sample of 123 Arch Environ Contam Toxicol (2017) 72:439–448 441 mice were freeze dried prior to experimentation. A stan- One individual treated with 2000 ppm SeMet died dur- dard curve based on mouse dry weight versus mouse wet ing the course of this study and was only fed for a total of weight was generated using CurveExpert 1.4. This standard 6 weeks. Four other individuals (1 in 1000 ppm group; 3 in curve was subsequently used to estimate dry weights of 2000 ppm group) died before euthanasia, but all received mice for SeMet injection. Briefly, thawed dead mice were the entire, 7-week dosage regimen. Of the individuals that weighed and subsequently injected with either 1000 or died prior to euthanasia, three individuals from the 2000 ppm SeMet through the buccal cavity using a 1-CC 2000 ppm treatment group were not weighed and two were syringe on treatment days.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Chemical Form of Selenium on Plasma Biomarkers in a High-Dose Human Supplementation Trial
    804 Effects of Chemical Form of Selenium on Plasma Biomarkers in a High-Dose Human Supplementation Trial Raymond F. Burk,1 Brooke K. Norsworthy,1 Kristina E. Hill,1 Amy K. Motley,1 and Daniel W. Byrne2 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and 2Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee Abstract Intervention trials with different forms of selenium are under tation with selenomethionine and yeast raised the plasma way to assess the effects of selenium supplements on the selenium concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Selenite incidence of cancer and other diseases. Plasma selenium did not. The increased selenium concentration correlated with biomarkers respond to selenium administration and might be the amount of selenomethionine administered. Neither useful for assessing compliance and safety in these trials. The glutathione peroxidase activity nor selenoprotein P concen- present study characterized the effects of selenium supple- tration responded to selenium supplementation. Urinary mentation on plasma selenium biomarkers and urinary selenium excretion was greater after selenomethionine than selenium excretion in selenium-replete subjects. Moderate after selenite, with excretion after yeast being intermediate (f200 Mg/d) to large (f600 Mg/d) selenium supplements in the and not significantly different from either of the other two. forms sodium selenite, high-selenium yeast (yeast), and L- We conclude that plasma selenium concentration is useful in selenomethionine (selenomethionine) were administered. monitoring compliance and safety of selenium supplementa- Subjects were randomized into 10 groups (placebo and three tion as selenomethionine but not as selenite. Plasma selenium dose levels of each form of selenium). Plasma biomarkers seems to reflect the selenomethionine content of yeast but not (selenium concentration, selenoprotein P concentration, and the other yeast selenium forms.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Methylseleninic Acid: Evidence That a Monomethylated Selenium Metabolite Is Critical for Cancer Chemoprevention1
    [CANCER RESEARCH 60, 2882–2886, June 1, 2000] In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Methylseleninic Acid: Evidence That a Monomethylated Selenium Metabolite Is Critical for Cancer Chemoprevention1 Clement Ip,2 Henry J. Thompson, Zongjian Zhu, and Howard E. Ganther Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 [C. I.]; Center for Nutrition in the Prevention of Disease, AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80214 [H. J. T., Z. Z.]; and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 [H. E. G.] ABSTRACT selenium to specific locations along the methylation pathway (3, 4). By this approach, we hoped to be able to pinpoint more closely the ␤ Previous research suggested that the -lyase-mediated production of a key metabolite that is involved in cancer protection. We found that monomethylated selenium metabolite from Se-methylselenocysteine is a any precursor that will directly generate a steady stream of methyl- key step in cancer chemoprevention by this agent. In an attempt to affirm the concept, the present study was designed to evaluate the activity of selenol is more active than selenite or selenomethionine in tumor methylseleninic acid, a compound that represents a simplified version of inhibition (5, 6). Thus, the facile endogenous production of mono- Se-methylselenocysteine without the amino acid moiety, thereby obviating methylated selenium is a critical factor in selenium chemoprevention. the need for ␤-lyase action. The in vitro experiments showed that meth- It should be noted that methylselenol is highly reactive and cannot be ylseleninic acid was more potent than Se-methylselenocysteine in inhibit- tested as is.
    [Show full text]
  • Methylselenol Produced in Vivo from Methylseleninic Acid Or Dimethyl Diselenide Induces Toxic Protein Aggregation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Methylselenol Produced In Vivo from Methylseleninic Acid or Dimethyl Diselenide Induces Toxic Protein Aggregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Marc Dauplais 1, Katarzyna Bierla 2, Coralie Maizeray 1, Roxane Lestini 3 , Ryszard Lobinski 2,4,5, Pierre Plateau 1, Joanna Szpunar 2 and Myriam Lazard 1,* 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (P.P.) 2 IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; [email protected] (K.B.); [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (J.S.) 3 Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645—INSERM U1182, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19048 Moscow, Russia 5 Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Methylselenol (MeSeH) has been suggested to be a critical metabolite for anticancer activity Citation: Dauplais, M.; Bierla, K.; of selenium, although the mechanisms underlying its activity remain to be fully established. The aim Maizeray, C.; Lestini, R.; Lobinski, R.; of this study was to identify metabolic pathways of MeSeH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to decipher the Plateau, P.; Szpunar, J.; Lazard, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Nature Chose Selenium Hans J
    Reviews pubs.acs.org/acschemicalbiology Why Nature Chose Selenium Hans J. Reich*, ‡ and Robert J. Hondal*,† † University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States ‡ University of WisconsinMadison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States ABSTRACT: The authors were asked by the Editors of ACS Chemical Biology to write an article titled “Why Nature Chose Selenium” for the occasion of the upcoming bicentennial of the discovery of selenium by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817 and styled after the famous work of Frank Westheimer on the biological chemistry of phosphate [Westheimer, F. H. (1987) Why Nature Chose Phosphates, Science 235, 1173−1178]. This work gives a history of the important discoveries of the biological processes that selenium participates in, and a point-by-point comparison of the chemistry of selenium with the atom it replaces in biology, sulfur. This analysis shows that redox chemistry is the largest chemical difference between the two chalcogens. This difference is very large for both one-electron and two-electron redox reactions. Much of this difference is due to the inability of selenium to form π bonds of all types. The outer valence electrons of selenium are also more loosely held than those of sulfur. As a result, selenium is a better nucleophile and will react with reactive oxygen species faster than sulfur, but the resulting lack of π-bond character in the Se−O bond means that the Se-oxide can be much more readily reduced in comparison to S-oxides.
    [Show full text]
  • Selenomethionine: a Pink Trojan Redox Horse with Implications in Aging and Various Age-Related Diseases
    antioxidants Review Selenomethionine: A Pink Trojan Redox Horse with Implications in Aging and Various Age-Related Diseases Muhammad Jawad Nasim 1 , Mhd Mouayad Zuraik 1 , Ahmad Yaman Abdin 1,2 , Yannick Ney 1 and Claus Jacob 1,* 1 Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; [email protected] (M.J.N.); [email protected] (M.M.Z.); [email protected] (A.Y.A.); [email protected] (Y.N.) 2 University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Artois, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-681-302-3129 Abstract: Selenium is an essential trace element. Although this chalcogen forms a wide variety of compounds, there are surprisingly few small-molecule organic selenium compounds (OSeCs) in biology. Besides its more prominent relative selenocysteine (SeCys), the amino acid selenomethionine (SeMet) is one example. SeMet is synthesized in plants and some fungi and, via nutrition, finds its way into mammalian cells. In contrast to its sulfur analog methionine (Met), SeMet is extraordinarily redox active under physiological conditions and via its catalytic selenide (RSeR’)/selenoxide (RSe(O)R’) couple provides protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other possibly harmful oxidants. In contrast to SeCys, which is incorporated via an eloquent ribosomal mechanism, SeMet can enter such biomolecules by simply replacing proteinogenic Met. Interestingly, eukaryotes, such as Citation: Nasim, M.J.; Zuraik, M.M.; yeast and mammals, also metabolize SeMet to a small family of reactive selenium species (RSeS).
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Total Selenium and Seleno-Amino Acids in Yeast and Aquatic Organisms by Liquid Chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
    DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SELENIUM AND SELENO-AMINO ACIDS IN YEAST AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by LILI WAN Dr. C. Michael Greenlief, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SELENIUM AND SELENO-AMINO ACIDS IN YEAST AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY presented by Lili Wan a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance Professor C. Michael Greenlief Dr. William G. Brumbaugh Professor Silvia S. Jurisson Professor Susan Z. Lever Professor Sheryl A. Tucker Professor John C. Walker ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to personally express my sincere thanks to my mentor, Dr. C. Michael Greenlief, for the research opportunity, great advice, guidance and kind help throughout these years. I would like to thank Dr. William (Bill) G. Brumbaugh from Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC). I really appreciate your encouragement and insightful comments for this research project. I would like to thank the staff in the branch of environmental chemistry at CERC, especially the assistance of Mike Walther, Jim Zajicek and Diane Nicks. I would like to thank my dear parents for their moral support and sweet love all these years. A special thanks goes to my dear brother for his kind comfort and taking care of our parents while I was not around.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine Page 0
    77:222 Spring 2005 Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine Page 0 This student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (77:222, Spring 2005) offered by the Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program B-180 Med Labs The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 Spring 2005 Term Instructors: GARRY R. BUETTNER, Ph.D. LARRY W. OBERLEY, Ph.D. with guest lectures from: Drs. Freya Q . Schafer, Douglas R. Spitz, and Frederick E. Domann The Fine Print: Because this is a paper written by a beginning student as an assignment, there are no guarantees that everything is absolutely correct and accurate. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in our knowledge due to continued research, neither the author nor The University of Iowa nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. All material contained in this paper is copyright of the author, or the owner of the source that the material was taken from. This work is not intended as a threat to the ownership of said copyrights. Irma Nydegger Selenomethionine 1 Selenomethionine; a unique antioxidant. By Irma Nydegger The University of Iowa Department of Chemistry Iowa City, IA 52242-1294 For 77:222, Spring 2005 February 24, 2005 Abbreviations CZE: capillary zone electrophoresis H2Se: hydrogen selenide HPLC-ICPMS: high performance liquid chromatography MetSeO: methionine selenoxide MMSE : monomethylselenol SeAM selenium adenosyl methionine Se-Cys: selenocysteine Se-Met: selenomethionine 2- SeO3 : selenite 2- SeO4 : selenate 77:222 Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 1 Irma Nydegger Selenomethionine 2 Table of Contents Abstract .
    [Show full text]
  • Selenium in the Environment, Metabolism and Involvement in Body Functions
    Molecules 2013, 18, 3292-3311; doi:10.3390/molecules18033292 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Selenium in the Environment, Metabolism and Involvement in Body Functions Youcef Mehdi 1, Jean-Luc Hornick 1, Louis Istasse 1 and Isabelle Dufrasne 2,* 1 ULg-FMV, Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Production, Boulevard de Colonster 20, Bât. B43 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (J.-L.H.); [email protected] (L.I.) 2 ULg-FMV, Station Expérimentale Chemin de la Ferme 6, Bât. B39 4000, Liège, Belgium * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-4-366-2373; Fax: +32-4-366-4733. Received: 3 December 2012; in revised form: 5 March 2013 / Accepted: 7 March 2013 / Published: 13 March 2013 34 Abstract: Selenium (Se79 ) is a metalloid which is close to sulfur (S) in terms of properties. The Se concentration in soil varies with type, texture and organic matter content of the soil and with rainfall. Its assimilation by plants is influenced by the physico-chemical properties of the soil (redox status, pH and microbial activity). The presence of Se in the atmosphere is linked to natural and anthropogenic activities. Selenoproteins, in which selenium is present as selenocysteine, present an important role in many body functions, such as antioxidant defense and the formation of thyroid hormones. Some selenoprotein metabolites play a role in cancer prevention. In the immune system, selenium stimulates antibody formation and activity of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Selenomethionine-Enriched Bifidobacterium Bifidum BGN4 Via Sodium Selenite Biocatalysis
    molecules Communication Production of Selenomethionine-Enriched Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 via Sodium Selenite Biocatalysis Weihong Jin 1, Cheolho Yoon 2, Tony V. Johnston 3 , Seockmo Ku 3,* and Geun Eog Ji 1,4,* 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 2 Korea Basic Science Institute, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; [email protected] 3 Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA; [email protected] 4 Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (G.E.J.); Tel.: +1-615-904-8290 (S.K.); +82-2-880-6282 (G.E.J.) Academic Editor: Jose M. Palomo Received: 21 September 2018; Accepted: 1 November 2018; Published: 2 November 2018 Abstract: Selenium is a trace element essential for human health that has received considerable attention due to its nutritional value. Selenium’s bioactivity and toxicity are closely related to its chemical form, and several studies have suggested that the organic form of selenium (i.e., selenomethionine) is more bioavailable and less toxic than its inorganic form (i.e., sodium selenite). Probiotics, especially Bifidobacteriium and Lactobacillus spp., have received increasing attention in recent years, due to their intestinal microbial balancing effects and nutraceutical benefits. Recently, the bioconversion (a.k.a biotransformation) of various bioactive molecules (e.g., minerals, primary and secondary metabolites) using probiotics has been investigated to improve substrate biofunctional properties. However, there have been few reports of inorganic selenium conversion into its organic form using Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Gpx) Activity Compared with Selenomethionine: a Meta-Analysis
    Nutrients 2014, 6, 4002-4031; doi:10.3390/nu6104002 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Concept Paper Selenium-Enriched Foods Are More Effective at Increasing Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity Compared with Selenomethionine: A Meta-Analysis Emma N. Bermingham 1,*, John E. Hesketh 2, Bruce R. Sinclair 1, John P. Koolaard 3 and Nicole C. Roy 1,4,5 1 Food Nutrition & Health, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; E-Mails: [email protected] (B.R.S.); [email protected] (N.C.R.) 2 Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Bioinformatics & Statistics AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand 5 Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, the University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-6-351-8304; Fax: +64-6-351-8003. Received: 30 June 2014; in revised form: 20 August 2014 / Accepted: 21 August 2014 / Published: 29 September 2014 Abstract: Selenium may play a beneficial role in multi-factorial illnesses with genetic and environmental linkages via epigenetic regulation in part via glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. A meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on the activity of overall GPx activity in different tissues and animal species and to compare the effectiveness of different forms of dietary selenium.
    [Show full text]
  • Selenomethionine (Se-Met) Induces the Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger
    antioxidants Article Selenomethionine (Se-Met) Induces the Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger SLC7A11 in Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells: Implications for Antioxidant Therapy in Aging Retina Sudha Ananth 1, Seiji Miyauchi 1,†, Muthusamy Thangaraju 1, Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja 1,2 , Manuela Bartoli 2,3, Vadivel Ganapathy 4 and Pamela M. Martin 1,2,3,5,* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (R.N.J.) 2 Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA 4 Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; [email protected] 5 Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +706-721-4220; Fax: +706-721-6608 † Present affiliation—Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan. Abstract: Oxidative damage has been identified as a major causative factor in degenerative diseases of the retina; retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are at high risk. Hence, identifying novel strategies for increasing the antioxidant capacity of RPE cells, the purpose of this study, is important. Specifically, we evaluated the influence of selenium in the form of selenomethionine (Se-Met) in cultured RPE cells Citation: Ananth, S.; Miyauchi, S.; on system xc- expression and functional activity and on cellular levels of glutathione, a major cellular Thangaraju, M.; Jadeja, R.N.; Bartoli, antioxidant.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Selenomethionine Causes Selenocysteine Misincorporation and Protein Aggregation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Exposure to selenomethionine causes selenocysteine misincorporation and protein Received: 13 December 2016 Accepted: 13 February 2017 aggregation in Saccharomyces Published: 17 March 2017 cerevisiae Pierre Plateau1, Cosmin Saveanu2, Roxane Lestini3, Marc Dauplais1, Laurence Decourty2, Alain Jacquier2, Sylvain Blanquet1 & Myriam Lazard1 Selenomethionine, a dietary supplement with beneficial health effects, becomes toxic if taken in excess. To gain insight into the mechanisms of action of selenomethionine, we screened a collection of ≈5900 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants for sensitivity or resistance to growth-limiting amounts of the compound. Genes involved in protein degradation and synthesis were enriched in the obtained datasets, suggesting that selenomethionine causes a proteotoxic stress. We demonstrate that selenomethionine induces an accumulation of protein aggregates by a mechanism that requires de novo protein synthesis. Reduction of translation rates was accompanied by a decrease of protein aggregation and of selenomethionine toxicity. Protein aggregation was supressed in a ∆cys3 mutant unable to synthetize selenocysteine, suggesting that aggregation results from the metabolization of selenomethionine to selenocysteine followed by translational incorporation in the place of cysteine. In support of this mechanism, we were able to detect random substitutions of cysteinyl residues by selenocysteine in a reporter protein. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of toxicity that may have implications in higher eukaryotes. Selenium is an essential micronutrient for many living species, including humans. It is translationally incorpo- rated as selenocysteine (SeCys) into a few proteins, some of which are antioxidant enzymes, protecting cells from harmful oxidative damage1. Incorporation of SeCys occurs via a specific mechanism that recodes a UGA codon from its normal translation termination function2.
    [Show full text]