DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from anytype of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back ofthe book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell &Howellinformalion Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106- 1346 USA 313/761-4700 800:521-0600 MINING TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND DEVELOPING NATIONS: THE CASE OF GOLD IN THE 19908 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE MAY 1995 By James P. Rizer Dissertation Committee Robert B. Stauffer, Chairperson Benedict J. Kerkvliet Neal A. Milner Carolyn M. Stephenson Terence Wesley-Smith UMI Number: 9532621 OMI Microform 9532621 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 C Copyright by James Peter Rizer, 1995 All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the conclusion to the process of earning a doctorate, which began with my entrance to the doctoral program 11 years ago. This lengthy time period is the result of having to work full time and my attempt to live as "normal" a life as possible. Over 11 years, there have been a number of personal events and transitions, which have caused digressions from my quest for a doctorate. I would not have been able to complete the dissertation without the support and encouragement from my committee members. I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to all of them. In particular, lowe my chairperson, Dr. Robert Stauffer, considerable gratitude. Dr. Stauffer has provided guidance and valuable insights throughout these last 11 years. While his status as an emeritus professor clearly demonstrates his superior scholarship, I would also like to state that he is someone that I greatly admire as a person. A number of friends and colleagues have also provided support and comment over the years. Sam, Stephanie, Greg, Titilia, Stefan, Pauline, Jackson, Peter, and Jim are all owed a round of thanks. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their encouragement and assistance. My parents have given me much over the years and I would like to thank them for the time, values and effort they have willingly provided. I would like to thank my in-laws, Pat and Carol, for their support. Lastly, I do not think that I could have completed this dissertation without my wife, Lisa, to whom lowe more than thanks for her love and kindness. IV ABSTRACT The global economy has experienced considerable shocks, planned restructuring and unplanned evolution in the five decades following World War II. Dozens of nations have gained independence and new fields of study have been born. Large transnational corporations have emerged as the dominant force in the global economy, transcending geopolitical boundaries and the efforts of nations to control their profits and operations. Within this context, minerals-led developing nations have attempted to maximize or optimize the resource rents derived from their mining industries, which are often owned and operated by mining transnational corporations (MTNCs). The performance of minerals-led developing nations has generally not been positive. This dissertation assesses the efforts of development theory and its applicability to developing nations with respect to mining transnational corporations, and, specifically, to the gold mining industry. The gold mining industry has experienced considerable evolution following the termination of the gold standard over two decades ago. Technological advancements in exploration and gold recovery have enabled the development of many new mines. Whereas gold used to be produced primarily in South Africa, the former U.S.S.R., Canada and the United States, gold is now being mined in a number of widely scattered developing nations. These new mines are a direct result of the rapid increase in the global demand for gold. Gold mining is one of the few mineral industries which will experience considerable growth during the 1990s. Because the new gold mines have only been operating for the last several years, the dissertation discusses the policies and experiences of several minerals-led v developing nations during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Speclfic attention is given to the interaction between MTNCs, national governments, and local communities impacted by mining. The data suggest that MTNCs and the governments of developing nations establish several common objectives and mechanisms for communication. The data indicate that impacted local communities are excluded from this communication, and ultimately forced to bear most of the negative impacts of minerals development, while retaining limited levels of the economic surpluses. The dissertation concludes that under present development scenarios, local communities should reject gold mining. Alternative strategies for minerals development which stress the inclusion of local communities in project planning and decision making, are also discussed. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements iv Abstract v List of Tables ix List of Figures ............................................... .. x Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .................................. .. 1 Introduction 1 The Problem of the Dissertation 1 Focus of the Dissertation 10 Organization of the Dissertation 13 Chapter 2 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS , 15 Introduction 15 Unsuccessful Development: Theory and Practice 16 The Transitions of Development Theory 20 Development Theory into the 1990s 27 Transnational Corporations , 32 TNCs and Relations with Developing Nations 36 A Framework to Analyze TNCs 44 Chapter 3 MINING TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND DEVELOPING NATIONS , 48 Introduction 48 Minerals in the World Economy 50 Minerals in the Capitalist Center , 50 Trends in the Center:Periphery Relationship , 52 The Performance of Minerals-Led Developing Nations , 55 Minerals-Led Developing Economies: Illustrative Examples 61 Zambia 62 Papua New Guinea 67 Conclusion .............................. .. 73 Chapter 4 THE ROLE OF GOLD IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 77 Introduction 77 A Brief History of Gold Mining 78 Current Supply and Demand 88 Gold as a Unit of Monetary Exchange . .. 101 Gold in the 1990s 108 vii Chapter 5 THE EVOLUTION OF ROCKS TO A MINE 114 Introduction 114 A Framework for Project Development Stages and Government Policy Options 115 The Decision to Develop a Mineral Resource .. ................ .. 124 Geology and Exploration 125 Technology. .................................... .. 132 Investment Options 137 Assessment and Evaluation. ......................... .. 142 Conclusion .. ........................................ .. 148 Chapter 6 THE GLOBALIZED MINING INDUSTRY: IMPLICATIONS TO AND IMPACTS ON THE PERIPHERY 151 Introduction 151 Mining and the Local Environment . .. 153 Mt. Kare: Shovel and Pan Mining 155 Are Mining TNCs Better Resource Managers and More Environmentally Sensitive? . .. 162 The Context for Resource Management ................. .. 167 Mining and Local Communities 169 The Role of Government 176 Government.Landowner Relations . .. 178 GovernrnentMTNC Relations . .. 178 MTNC:Landowner Relations 179 MTNC, Government, and Local Residents in the Bougainville Crisis . .. 179 Prelude to a Crisis. ............................... .. 182 Crisis Mismanagement ............................. .. 185 Conclusion: Winners and Losers 196 Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS AND OPTIONS . .. 199 Introduction 199 Context The Changing Global Political Economy 199 Theoretical Framework and Mine Avoidance 206 Options for Development .................... .. 212 Conclusion: The Future of the Global Capitalist System 219 BIBLIOGRAPHY 221 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 4.1: World Gold Production, 3900 BC-500 AD 81 4.2: World Gold Mine Production, 3900 BC-1992 83 4.3: World Supply of Gold, 1950-1992 89 4.4: World Gold Mine Production, 1975-1992 90 4.5: Gold Fabrication in Developed and Developing Nations 99 4.6: Gold Prices 1968-1992 ......................... .. 105 5.1: Possible Framework to Assess Mines and Mining Impacts 144 5.2: Benefits and Costs of Developing a Mine ........ .. 147 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1: Project Development Stages and Government Policy Responses
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Sociology Department Binghamton University
    CURRICULUM VITAE WILLIAM G. MARTIN ADDRESS Sociology Department Binghamton University PO Box 6000 Binghamton NY 13902-6000 United States Fax: 607 777 4197 E-mail: [email protected] Web: sociology.binghamton.edu ACADEMIC DEGREES Bachelor of Arts: Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, 1972. Awarded with distinction. Master of Sciences: Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1978. Doctor of Philosophy: Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton, January 1986. Title of Dissertation: "The Making of a Semiperiphery: South Africa and the World-Economy, 1870-1945." ACADEMIC POSITIONS Bartle Professor, Department of Sociology, Bingamton University, 2019- Professor, Department of Sociology, Binghamton University, 1999-2019 Chair, Department of Sociology, Binghamton University, 2012-2014 Adjunct Professor, Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, 2009-2010 Fulbright Professor, History Department, University of the Western Cape, 2003. Deputy Director, Fernand Braudel Center, 1999-2002. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991-1999. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986-1991. Research Projects Administrator, Fernand Braudel Center, SUNY-Binghamton, Sept. 1981-85. TEACHING: COURSES, GRANTS, AWARDS Courses: Introduction to Sociology, Introduction to Criminal and Social Justice, Justice Studies, Black World Movements, Global Social Change, Global Racial Formation, Sociology of Knowledge Production, Africa in World Perspective Grants and Awards: Binghamton University, Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, 2010 University of Illinois, Office of the Provost, Course Development Award, March 1998. Advanced Information Technologies Group, Summer Research Fellowship, April 1996. 2 Sloan Foundation Asynchronous Learning grant, March 1995 "Distinguished Service Award," Sociology Graduate Student Society, UIUC, May 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierra Club President 2015-2017, on Heritage, Stewardship, and Environmental Justice
    Oral History Center University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Aaron Mair Aaron Mair: Sierra Club President 2015-2017, on Heritage, Stewardship, and Environmental Justice Sierra Club Oral History Project Interviews conducted by Roger Eardley-Pryor, Ph.D. in 2018 Portions of this interview are sealed by Aaron Mair until January 1, 2045. This interview was supported by the vision and generosity of the Sierra Club Foundation and the William E. Colby Memorial Library Copyright © 2020 by The Regents of the University of California Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley ii Since 1953 the Oral History Center of The Bancroft Library, formerly the Regional Oral History Office, has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral History is a method of collecting historical information through recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is bound with photographs and illustrative materials and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurgence of East Asia
    The Resurgence of East Asia 500, 150 and 50 year perspectives Edited by Giovanni Arrighi, Takeshi Hamashita and Mark Selden The Resurgence of East Asia East Asian expansion since the 1960s stands out as a global power shift with few historical precedents. The Resurgence of East Asia examines the rise of the region as one of the world’s economic power centers from three temporal perspectives: 500 years, 150 years and 50 years, each denoting an epoch in regional and world history and providing a vantage point against which to assess contemporary developments. The three perspectives each have something valuable to offer to the understanding of the present rise of East Asia and the modern world system, and their combination offers a contrast to the national and global studies that have recently dominated the literatures of development and globalization. In offering a comprehensive understanding of the present East Asian dynamic in light of the region’s historical heritage, the authors present several alternative hypotheses about the ongoing East Asian renaissance, whose plausibility remains to be assessed in the light of unfolding evidence. This collection is a valuable resource for students of Asian and world history, international politics, comparative and historical sociology and Asian studies. Giovanni Arrighi is Professor of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. His latest books are The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times (1994) and Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999, with Beverly J. Silver). Takeshi Hamashita is Professor of History at the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University and the Institute of Oriental Culture, Tokyo University.
    [Show full text]
  • Annales Book.Indb
    ISBN 978-953-175-584-9 naslovnica Annales.indd 1 22.3.2019. 13:35:58 Published by Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University in Zagreb Centre for Comparative Historical and Intercultural Studies For the publisher Vesna Štetić-Vlahović Editors Drago Roksandić - Filip Šimetin Šegvić - Nikolina Šimetin Šegvić Editorial board Tomislav Branđolica (Zagreb), Marta Fiolić (Zagreb), Marko Lovrić (Zagreb), Desmond Maurer (Sarajevo), Samanta Paronić (Pula) Reviewers Danijel Barić (Paris) Egidio Ivetić (Padova) Language editors Tomislav Branđolica Desmond Maurer Marija Marčetić Translators Jihane Billacois Tomislav Branđolica Ines Jelovčić Domagoj Karanušić Mirela Landsman Vinković Desmond Maurer Tina Miholjančan Vivijana Radman Indexing Ilija Ranić Graphic design and computer layout Ivanka Cokol, Boris Bui – FF press Cover design Tomislav Vlainić Proof reader Samanta Paronić Circulation 500 copies Printed by Tiskara Zelina ISBN 978-953-175-584-9 DOI 10.17234/9789531755849 © Filip Šimetin Šegvić, contributors & FF-Press 2019 A catalogue record for this book is available from the National and University Library in Zagreb, no. 001024793 Publishing of this book is financially supported by Ministry of Science and Education of Republic of Croatia. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the editor. ANNALES IN PERSPECTIVE: DESIGNS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS Vol. 1 Edited by Drago Roksandić Filip Šimetin Šegvić Nikolina Šimetin Šegvić Zagreb, 2019 Contents 5 Introduction: Mapping the Annales Network. .9 Drago Roksandić / Nikolina Šimetin Šegvić / Filip Šimetin Šegvić The Annales Today. Editorial Mutations and an Intellectual Project .......................13 Antoine Lilti The Globalization of Knowledge: Intellectual, Organizational, and Cultural Obstacles .......19 Immanuel Wallerstein Fernand Braudel and the Fernand Braudel Center ......................................23 Richard E.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Research 8/00 For
    INSIDE RESEARCH 2000 BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK Opening the doors of discovery UNLOCKING MYSTERIES THROUGH RESEARCH AND CREATIVITY Education is about discovery — for students, for faculty Research is the leading edge of educational and economic and for our society. Some might say not much is left to know. development. It helps define the need for new pathways and That has been said during every period in history, but it is then forges vision into reality, for the University and the never true. We are proud of the many discoveries that occur at community in which it thrives. Binghamton University, and through this publication we will When I look at the scope of research and scholarship illustrate some of them. presented in this report, I see an “engaged For example, in the tiniest environ- University,” consistently bringing its ment, chemist Wayne Jones is seeking to commitment to excellence in research and build electronics on a molecular level. scholarly pursuits to the larger community. In the expanse of evolution, paleoanthro- This is research for the public good: pologist G. Philip Rightmire is searching visionary academic projects across the for the origins of humans. disciplines, carried out by an entrepreneur- We plan to open the arena of ial faculty, that effect positive changes in discovery in the next year and beyond. our world and produce solutions to the Within the past few months we have important issues facing us all. created a new Division of Research, led by The success of the engaged univer- Vice President Frances E. Carr, formerly sity evolves from sustained commitment — vice provost for research and graduate studies.
    [Show full text]