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Economics, Wildlife Tourism and Conservation Three Case Studies

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Economics, Wildlife Tourism and Conservation Three Case Studies ECONOMICS, WILDLIFE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION THREE CASE STUDIES By Clem Tisdell and Clevo Wilson ECONOMICS, WILDLIFE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION: Three case studies TECHNICAL REPORTS The technical report series present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government and researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre’s Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. EDITORS Prof Chris Cooper University of Queensland Editor-in-Chief Prof Terry De Lacy Sustainable Tourism CRC Chief Executive Prof Leo Jago Sustainable Tourism CRC Director of Research National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data Tisdell, C. A. (Clement Allan), 1939- . Economic, wildlife tourism and conservation : three case studies. Bibliography. ISBN 1 920704 15 9. 1. Wildlife recreation - Economic aspects - Australia - Case studies. 2. Ecotourism - Economic aspects - Australia - Case studies. 3. Birds - Queensland - Lamington National Park. 4. Wildlife - Antarctica. 5. Arachnocampa - Queensland - Springbrook National Park. I. Wilson, Clevo. II. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. III. Title. 333.95417 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2004 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Any enquiries should be directed to Brad Cox, Communications Manager [[email protected]] or Trish O’Connor, Publishing Manager [[email protected]]. ii ECONOMICS, WILDLIFE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION: Three case studies CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _____________________________________________________________ VI SUMMARY __________________________________________________________________________VII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________1 CHAPTER 2 ECONOMICS, VALUE OF WILDLIFE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS________________________________________________________________________3 INTRODUCTION ________________________________________________________________________3 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WILDLIFE TOURISM ON INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT _________________________3 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF WILDLIFE AND TOURISM: SOME ISSUES ______________________________4 EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE TOURISM: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS _________6 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND WILDLIFE TOURISM – THEIR PURPOSE AND USEFULNESS _______________7 DISCUSSION __________________________________________________________________________9 CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY I: BIRDS AS A VISITOR ATTRACTION TO LAMINGTON NATIONAL PARK_____________________________________________________________________10 INTRODUCTION _______________________________________________________________________10 THE NATURE OF THE SURVEY AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS ________________11 STATED REASONS FOR VISITING O’REILLY’S/GREEN MOUNTAIN SITE AND ACTIVITIES ENGAGED IN_____13 PARTICULAR ATTRIBUTES/ASPECTS OF BIRDS AS ATTRACTIONS TO THE O’REILLY’S/GREEN MOUNTAINS SITE _____________________________________________________________________15 ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND ECONOMIC ISSUES ________________________________________________16 ATTITUDES TO CHARGING ENTRY FEES TO LNP______________________________________________17 SCOPE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT AND BETTER PROVISION OF INFORMATION ______________18 DISCUSSION _________________________________________________________________________19 CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDY II: ANTARCTIC WILDLIFE AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION _______21 INTRODUCTION _______________________________________________________________________21 SOME BACKGROUND ON ANTARCTIC TOURISM ______________________________________________21 SURVEYS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS, AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THEIR ANTARCTIC TRIP______________________________________________________________________23 RESPONDENTS’ EVALUATIONS OF ANTARCTIC WILDLIFE_______________________________________25 OPINIONS OF RESPONDENTS ABOUT VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES INVOLVING ANTARCTICA _______28 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ___________________________________________________________29 CHAPTER 5 CASE STUDY III: GLOW WORMS BASED TOURISM AT NATURAL BRIDGE IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND ___________________________________________________________32 INTRODUCTION _______________________________________________________________________32 GENERAL BACKGROUND ON INSECT-BASED TOURISM AND GLOW WORMS IN AUSTRALIA _____________32 THE NATURAL BRIDGE GLOW WORM SITE AND GENERAL DATA ON ITS VISITORS____________________34 SURVEY METHODOLOGY _______________________________________________________________36 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF INDEPENDENT VISITORS VIEWING GLOW WORMS AT NATURAL BRIDGE_____________________________________________________________________37 THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOW WORMS AT THIS SITE AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION AND THE ECONOMIC VALUE AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VISITS _________________________________________39 VISITORS’ KNOWLEDGE OF THE PRESENCE OF THE GLOW WORM SITE AT NATURAL BRIDGE AND OF SUBSTITUTE SITES IN THE AREA __________________________________________________________41 VISITORS’ KNOWLEDGE OF GLOW WORMS__________________________________________________41 ECONOMIC SCOPE FOR VALUE ADDING ACTIVITIES AT THE NATURAL BRIDGE SITE __________________43 NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS FROM OTHER VISITORS AND THE QUESTION OF WHETHER INDEPENDENT VISITORS SHOULD PAY FEES TO VIEW GLOW WORMS AT NATURAL BRIDGE________________________44 DISCUSSION OF CASE III ________________________________________________________________44 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUDING COMMENTS________________________________________________46 OVERALL COVERAGE IN RETROSPECT _____________________________________________________46 LIMITATIONS_________________________________________________________________________47 SOME POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THOSE IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY____________________________47 APPENDIX A: O’REILLY’S /GREEN MOUNTAINS SURVEY FORM_________________________50 APPENDIX B: ANTARCTICA – PRE-VISIT SURVEY FORM________________________________54 iii ECONOMICS, WILDLIFE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION: Three case studies APPENDIX B (CONT’D): POST-VISIT SURVEY FORM ____________________________________59 APPENDIX C: NATURAL BRIDGE SURVEY FORM _______________________________________64 REFERENCES ________________________________________________________________________68 AUTHORS____________________________________________________________________________71 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sampled visitors classified by frequency of their visits to O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains, LNP ______ 12 Table 2: Country and state of origin of Australian visitors to O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains, LNP___________ 12 Table 3: Composition of sampled visitors to O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains, LNP by duration of stay and country of origin __________________________________________________________________ 13 Table 4: Main reason given by sampled visitors (in an open-ended question) for visiting O’ Reilly’s/Green Mountains, LNP __________________________________________________________________ 14 Table 5: The relative importance of reasons for visiting O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains features at the site as stated by respondents ____________________________________________________________ 14 Table 6: Importance to visitors of various attributes of birdlife at O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains site – frequency of responses _____________________________________________________________ 15 Table 7: Cross tabulation of relative frequencies in per cent with which respondents rated specified attributes of birds as important or very important for their visit to the survey site________________ 15 Table 8: Average expenditures per person per day within a 60 kilometre radius of O’Reilly’s/ Green Mountains site as reported by respondents_________________________________________ 16 Table 9: Environmental improvements suggested by respondents for O’Reilly’s/Green Mountains, LNP ____ 19 Table 10: Estimates of numbers of tourists utilising Antarctica in the 2003-04 season by tourism types _____ 22 Table 11: In which country do you normally reside? (Pre-visit question) - distribution of responses ________ 23 Table 12: To what age group do you belong? (Pre-visit survey) - distribution of responses _______________ 23 Table 13: Indicate your highest educational qualification (Pre-visit survey) - distribution of responses ______ 24 Table 14: Family income level per annum? (Pre-visit survey) - distribution of responses _________________ 24 Table 15: If you are interested in Antarctic wildlife, is your interest mainly in which species listed? (you may tick more than one box) - distribution of responses. _____________________________ 25 Table 16: Responses to the questions: (Pre-Visit): How important was the possibility of seeing Antarctic/ Sub-Antarctic wildlife in your decision to come on this journey? (Post-Visit): How important was seeing Antarctic/Sub-Antarctic wildlife during this cruise? Distribution of responses. __________ 26 Table 17: Index of satisfaction anticipated and obtained from seeing Antarctic wildlife species based on responses to the following
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