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Exploring the Universe: An Adventure in 20- Syllabus Addendum for Prospective Teachers

Chapter and Planetary Academic content standards for Subject kindergarten through grade twelve, adopted by the Requirements California State Board of Education Ch 1-Our Place in the 1.3a Cite various forms of Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades Universe evidence that indicate the 9-12, Earth : 1d Students proximity of the in know the evidence indicating that the solar in relation the planets are much closer to Earth than the are. to Earth and the stars Ch 5-Universal : 1.2a Explain how the solar Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades From Copernicus to system was formed, 9-12, Earth Sciences: 1a Students Newton including differences and know how the differences and similarities among the , similarities among the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the terrestrial planets, and the planets may have been gas planets, and cite the established during the formation evidence from Earth and of the . rocks that indicate that the solar system was formed approximately 4.6 ago Ch 14-Our 1.1c Know that the Sun is a Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades typical star and is powered 9-12, Earth Sciences: 1e Students by nuclear reactions, know the Sun is a typical star and primarily the fusion of is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of to hydrogen to form form helium; 2c Students know the evidence indicating that all elements with an atomic greater than that of have been formed by in stars Ch 15-Stars 1.1d Describe the process of Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades the nuclear synthesis of 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2e * chemical elements and how Students know accelerators boost accelerators simulate the subatomic to levels that simulate conditions in conditions for nuclear the stars and in the early history synthesis (i.e., in stars and of the universe before stars in the early universe) formed. Ch 16-Star Stuff 1.1f Describe, in terms of Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades color and brightness, how 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2f * the of a star is Students know the evidence determined by a balance indicating that the color, brightness, and evolution of a star between gravitational are determined by a balance

Copernicus Project October 2006

collapse and nuclear fusion between gravitational collapse and nuclear fusion

Ch 17-The Bizarre Stellar 1.1e Compare the use of Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades Graveyard visual, radio, and X-ray 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2d Students telescopes to collect data know that stars differ in their that reveal that stars differ cycles and that visual, radio, and X-ray telescopes may be used to in their life cycles collect data that reveal those differences.

Ch 18 – Our 1.1a Identify and describe Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades characteristics of 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2b Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe Ch 19-Galaxies: From Here 1.1a Identify and describe Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades to the Horizon characteristics of galaxies 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2b Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe Ch 20- Galaxy Evolution 1.1a Identify and describe Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades characteristics of galaxies 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2b Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe Ch 21- and the 1.1b Explain the evidence Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades Fate of the Universe for the “” model 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2g * Students know how the -shift from distant galaxies and the cosmic background provide evidence for the "big bang" model that suggests that the universe has been expanding for 10 to 20 billion years Ch 22-The Beginning of 1.1b Explain the evidence Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Grades for the “big bang” model 9-12, Earth Sciences: 2g * Students know how the red-shift from distant galaxies and the cosmic background radiation provide evidence for the "big bang" model that suggests that the universe has been expanding for 10 to 20 billion years

Copernicus Project October 2006